What I find most interesting about the Great Plains is that it had a shared language that was used for diplomatic and commercial purposes, similar to English in the current world, and it was a sign language.
Elders on my home reserve, Siksika Nation in southern Alberta, still use Blackfoot sign language. It's dying out though. Probably less than 10 are fluent and they are over 60 years old.
NO FUCKING WAY??? I *have* to learn more about this because totally unknowing of this fact the 'trade language' in my fantasy setting is also hand gestures!
I love this, thank you. I'm Blackfoot from Siksika Nation in Southern Alberta. One thing is the dog breed that we used to carry the travois is extinct. It's often thought that the siberian huskie is its closest living relative, but no one can say for sure. The elders in my community say that these dogs could carry at least 100lbs. Obviously, no dog today can carry that load but if you imagine breeding multiple generations of huskies for the sole purpose of pulling large weights long distances eventually you will breed a dog capable of that task. Thats what Blackfoot did. At least according to the elders I've talked to. Thank you so much for this video.
I have a question for you, good sir or madam as the case may be, as you know much more about this subject that most, and I'm a totally ignorant outsider. I used to imagine the Paleoindians using dogs in hunting, to help isolate a mammoth from the herd to to help run a herd of bison off a cliff. But historical accounts say that dogs were food and beasts of burden only, mostly under the control of the women. Dogs didn't even guard the camp at night--raiders were more concerned with the enemy's horses neighing than the dogs barking. So I'm curious as to what uses dogs were put to by the Old Guys, and whether these uses changed over time. Thanks.
I’m an archeology student doing a field school out in the ancient dunes rn, and the rich forgotten history is what drew me out here. It really is amazing to find a stunningly crafted obsidian point more than 400 miles from the nearest obsidian source.
The greatest potentials are available for you, when you realize what value(s) are the 🔑's, you might want to consider the following, and Journal them: 🔑 "Standards of Science and Research" that was drilled into my conscious memory, during my undergrad Senior Studies "Academic and Research Standards and Methodologies" (I had 2 majors "Sociology and Journalism" and a minor "History", which ultimately became my 3rd, and latter, the primary area of my post grad focus. I will note, the 3 of these infused to offer me a far greater clarity in our present era, the recent History of 19th and 20th Centuries and to date, with the current emergence of "Authentic Academics", and this being the individuals who "adhere" to the "Standards of Science and Research" In short, these Standards direct the "Researcher/Academic" to: "... apply Mind fully Open, free of any predetermined Beliefs, Theories, Opinions, ...and allowing the Research Methodologies to extract the greater facts." Further, the original practice of Academia, (going back to the classics like "Plato" and earlier), were "Realized" in the value of "Freedom of Thought being the Cornerstone of Science, Philosophy, Math, ...Academia" and the value of one having established the practice and habit of the "Higher Mind, aka Mature Mind, aka Adult Mind" (Where all our Positive Thought Energies and Wisdom reside") This is established through a choice to make a habit of being: "Conscious in Thought" + "Applying Higher Mind" Essentially the practice also found in the "Standards of Science and Research", but carried further to being a full time practice for our Thoughts, Perspective, and thus affecting our individual experiences, all of which are a heightening of Positive Experiences. I mention this as Archaeology is prevalent in the adherence to the "Mainstream Academic" group of Thoughts and "Beliefs" 🔺 I discern and define "Mainstream Academics" as being a "19th Century Theory based Paradigm and applied Linear Timeline practice". The stament clearly demonstrates a departure from the "Standards of Science and Research". Additionally, routinely "Mainstream Academics" can be observed making Public accusations and judgemental Commentaries/Opinions, towards others, (Academics of various fields, Authors, Researchers, etc, whom propose Alternative ideas, Theories, and including those presenting artifacts, Written Records or Accounts, and Oral Histories, that demonstrate "conflicting points for the Mainstream Paradigm". I don't think I need to point out all the variables in this summary of behaviors and related subjects that are "blatantly outside of the Standards". Remember, "Actions are a Physical statement of Thoughts and Intentions"l." 🔑 I strongly encourage the practice of being: "Conscious in Thought" aka "Present in the Now" and choosing to "Apply the Higher Mind" It also serves well considering the "Universal Law of Attraction" is Absolute. A thorough comprehension of this Law would be my 2nd recommendation, as it is the "How", of the "What", that we Experience as our Reality. Many "Mainstream Academics" have felt no alternative to remaining under the "Mainstream Academic" tradition, as they could/would stand to lose their job, tenyor, income, and reputation. That is Changing, with the expansion of available information, including access to "Peer Reviewed Science" and "Journal Published Findings". (Many "Peer Reviewed Findings" have been criticized and/or ignored, as well as "Artifacts" also ignored, discarded, or accused as being fake. I assure you these are far too many to justify the accusations.) A most "Narcissistic" practice: "deny, distract, deflect". ... and the 🔑 to determining when the subject is "questionable" = are they following the"Standards of Science and Research" fully and are they practicing an application of the"Higher Mind". For, the "Lower Mind, aka Ego Mind, aka Adolescent" is easily discerned and "There is absolutely no place in Academics, particularly Science, History, or Archaeology, for an Adolescent Ego, with the inability to hold an Open Mind to Alternatives, Possibilities, or an ability to say, "I was wrong". Best Thoughts and Aunt Successes ... Beth Bartlett Sociologist/Behavioralist and Historian "The Subjects + Research are my gig!"
I think I'm in love with your type of voice ngl. Also *god* thanks for the pre-USA american history, and if anyone in the comments reads this, please recommend more channels like this fellow.
Stefan Milo and Miniminuteman are both awesome! I also recommend checking out the following channels: Aztlan Historian, ArchaeoEd Podcast, Nathanael Fosaaen, and Indigenous History Now.
I wish The Americas were discovered 500 years later. The trade of goods was very developed and the Copper technology was just getting started. Having lived in Western Washington and Tucson Arizona, I treasure our friends and their culture. Thank you for keeping this world changing event alive ❤
Recently discovered this channel and it just might be my favorite. Binge watched all of your Mexico related videos since I’m from there. Now watching everything else keep up the great work there are people who appreciate this kind of content.
It's always a pleasure to see your videos. It's the first time I get to enjoy one so soon after it was uploaded. Thank you for all the videos you've made so far
Just want to say I greatly appreciate your content and I'm glad I found this channel! You can't find this level of detail and professionalism on most other channels. Just cold hard facts, mythbusting, and a respectful approach to the material. I love it.
Count the number of times he uses the word “but”. That is how he makes fine points to distinguish from the general statement and discourages stereotyping. Subtle but important way of indicating the richness of the variety found in these cultures.
you happened to release this right in the middle of my current hyperfixation on the high plains and all the various media surrounding it, so seriously thank you so much
The work and quality you put on these videos are overwhelming, I can’t help but feel that I should just write this comment to say how much I appreciate what you do
My wife and I love watching these videos! It’s our favorite weekend morning tradition. We love your production style so so much! Always entertaining and we actually learn a lot 😊
I strongly recommend that people who are interested in southwest and/or great plains natives to check out the account of the Coronado expedition. There's a lot of anthropological material in it about the region from a very early point relative to most other sources(1540~). A lot of these early spanish accounts of the americas have material that still hasn't been fully incorporated into the english-speaking worlds anthropological views, due to many of them being untranslated and understudied. I remember being taught that great plains natives were relatively sedentary before the introduction of the horse in college a couple of decades ago, but then I read in the old Coronado report that they were living in teepees and using large dogs to move everything around, which seems to be more commonly known now. They put a lot of emphasis on how big the dogs were too, which might help answer the claim to how much they could carry covered in this video. Had some really cool accounts of defensive structures too, the spanish were even completely deterred by a fortified village they were attempting to raid while they were desperate for supplies.
Agree. Most of the videos like this channel churns out, are heavily Eurocentric and Anglicized because they don't understand any language besides English and they want to be in charge of the narrative and promote the pan-Indigenous 5 second TikTok cultural sound bites when the reality is far more complex and the best people to explain Plains cultures are the Indigenous people of the Plains themselves but this guy is a know it all
Of course indigenous cultures are a critical source of information but they are not infallible especially as you move further back in time. Adaptations during the historic period after European contact, including the introduction of the horse, elements of European material culture, and the response to introduced disease are partially documented in Euro-American records, which are important sources for understanding indiginous cultures. These sources when combined with indiginous sources and archaeology can form a more complete picture of the past@@gnostic268
I grew up in Kansas and have lived near the Colorado border, the North Central and the Northeast . The only part of the regions that could be called flat are the far Southwest and West Central parts. Get off the interstate and the wide variety of topography is more apparent. If this seems dubious, I recommend riding around the region on a bicycle. I've also lived in South Central Texas and travelled all over the Texas. The Plains have a beauty all their own.
It is very apparent to me that the Kansas City Hopewell people utilize the great rivers to get to where they were located😊 The Tennessee river, the Ohio river the Mississippi and the Missouri would all go straight to Kansas City
your particular history content, of all the other history channels i follow, is the most intriguing and the videos i look forward to the most. your videos are always revelatory, stringently researched, all-killer-no-filler, you sound like you find the subject matter as enticing as i do, and you hit the sweet spot as far as length is concerned. i wont even watch a 6 minute video and a 5 hour history doc is just too much material to absorb well. your mesoamerican videos have cast that entire subject in a new light for me, whereas i used to be dismissive of the topic because so much is just oral tradition and possible spanish skullduggery, now i have an intense passion for the subject because youve helped illustrate the breadth, significance, mysteries, and variety that the cultures of mesoamerica contain.
I just found your channel today. I loved listening to this video and the video on the plains bison while at work. Made the last few hours really bearable
I used to live in a Nebraska and I miss it sometimes. The plains are so beautiful and lovely. I am an Appalachian mountain man in my soul, but I understand the call of the wide blue skies of the plains.
a positive of being overbearingly busy is to find unexpectedly there's a full new ancient americas video waiting for you! love all your videos, always happy to see them!
This is an incredible video. Your understanding and knowledge of our culture is inspirational. Thank you for presenting unbiased and truthful educational material on historically suppressed information.
This was a great presentation. As an enrolled member of the Ampskapi Pikuni I appreciate your videos. To add to your names for horses, we called them "Ponokamiitah" Po-no-gah-me-tah. It means "elk-dog"
@@AncientAmericas yeah the conjugation is Ponoka (Pō-nō-kah) meaning elk, and Imiitah (im-mē-tah) meaning dog. There are a couple stories as to how we first got the horse, but they center around a battle with the Shoshone, they came with horses and we came with guns. We left with horses and guns. There was also a historical study done by John C Ewers in his book The Blackfeet, he actually sat down with elders and they shared the history and way of life into the dog days. Its worth a read I think.
@@AncientAmericas its probably the better of the anthropological books on the Blackfeet. Schultz, Grinnell, and Wissler/Duvall. My ancestor is featured in the preface of the Wissler/Duvall book, he also supplied a story. Grinnell has a story about old warfare, and I think Ewers talks about the claiming of the horse. Another out of print read that I cannot find is "Strike Them Hard" it is about the Bear River Massacre (Baker Massacre) in which two sides of my family were involved. My grandfathers great great aunt was in the attacked camp and had to smother her child to hide from the soldiers, and I am from the Mountain Chief's band on my grandmothers side. Sorry for the gebeology lesson, just like to promote my people as much as possible. I feel we get overlooked in a lot of western history.
I just spent last month traveling in, and learning about, the Plains and Southwestern U.S. including the history and archeology of the indigenous peoples, as well as their current culture. Thanks again for a great episode.
I am born and raised on central plains. The mood and mode of your exposition is precise, exact, and solicitous to my lived experience and understanding. My childhood on the north fork of the Sappa Creek developed my plains character as an avid naturalist. I hunted and consumed all the local edibles, harvesting ducks and geese from my very own 4 acre buffalo wallow which serviced an annual stop-over and staging area for thousands of migrating sandhill cranes. During my childhood and adolescence, I was free to roam my environment with no constraints to time and movement. (Mom was a Rouseauian, a Freudian, and a Spockian child psychologist) My mind transcended western ideology toward an incorporate awareness for interaction with the totality of coalesced mind activities for the entirety of the chain of being existent through the previous and even future temporal/physical dimensions of my geographical location. I was one with the past, present, and future consciousness of all living things. I drank water pumped from the Ogallala Aquifer, so all that quantum information propelled me toward its union of all material matter in the area. I suspect our narrator is of the same stock and mentality. GOOD ON YOU FELLOW TRAVELLER.
excellent presentation. The separation of evidence based statement and conjecture is exemplary is this presentation. Having spent much time in 12 foot deep rain filled holes south of coastal Alaska, it was refreshing to see that there are others who have advanced archaeology in a dry environment.
Great video! I’ve never heard the term “type site” before. I’m a biologist and we have “type specimens” which are used to define a species, it’s cool that archeology has a similar concept! PS. I hope one day you make a video about the Eastern Agricultural Complex. It’s so interesting and rarely discussed!
As a geologist we also have 'type sections' (and type locality, slightly different) for named/defined stratigraphic units. I actually got to define and name one in my undergraduate thesis, that was fun!
I love your UA-cam channel. I wish we could go back in time and observe these time periods firsthand because the archaeological record is sometimes spotty at best and doesn’t fill in all gaps and information. I would like to meet these people in their own time and see what they thought and perceive on their lives and culture. They were truly resourceful people. Thank you
@@AncientAmericasWell, they're fighting against the United State's continuing legacy of cultural genocide. Hard to revitalize what the greatest economic power in the world would like to see buried and converted into farmland or mines.
fantastic overview. I have just recently begun to research this subject and was astonished to discover that the tribes we commonly associate with the plains are newcomers. The Sioux, Cheyene's and others migrated from other areas.
You'll find that many tribes moved east to escape the expanding eastern colonial powers but some just moved though. To me the most interesting migration though was pre-colonial when the dene from northern woodlands inexplicitly moved over 2000 miles south. That is why the Navajo in Arizona and the Denesuline in northern Saskatchewan/Alberta speak the same language. It appears to have happened at least 500 years ago according to my grandma. I saw her in Arizona having a full conversation with a Navajo woman and my grandma is from Cold Lake, Alberta.
When I hear things like, "Less than 10,000 years ago, we find the first evidence of pit cooking." I think, what the heck were we doing for the hundreds of thousands of years we were a species? So many things took us so long to figure out. That wouldn't be weird, except that when we did start to figure some things out, development became exponential.
To be fair, those techniques may be much older but also much harder to detect because populations were smaller. The dates we have are only the earliest currently known.
@AncientAmericas It's hard to get into the heads of people who didn't have centuries of accumulated knowledge. What their daily thought process was is interesting to me. I have a feeling there js at least a component that they had no control over. For example, they may have been planting seeds for a long time before those seeds were worth intensively farming in a sedentary way.
I have a theory as to the relative slow pace of innovation over the course of human history. I can't back it up but it makes sense to me. In any generation there are a relatively few numbers of innovators as a percentage. Way under 1%. This means when a new technique is developed coupled with limited communication that technique can die out or spread very slowly. As populations got larger the number innovators goes up. Increased communications help them spread. Even then new techniques or tools can get lost. Today the pace of innovation has increased expotentially. The same basic percentage of innovators are out there. But between population size and communications new techniques can spread rapidly. And these new techniques can inspire others. Consider the pace of technological change in the 19th century. Then compare it to the 20th century. What will it be in the 21st. Same percentage of innovators. Larger population with increased communications technology.
@@iivin4233 Just the leap to deciding which seeds to plant had to be a big leap. Especially with hybrids. Acouple of years ago my brother got some excellent squash at the farmers market. Saved the seeds. The next year all they got were gourds. Which are useful but taste like crap. There are some types of apples where you need say four yellowdelicious trees and one tree of a different kind in order to get the apples you want.
0:16 Odds are. Hey guess what. I'm betting that a pretty significant part of your audience is at least partly Native American. So no, I don't think about plains tribes. I think about catching salmon. I think about about weaving baskets. I think about grinding acorns. I think "why the hell didn't they just call it Chittum instead of Cascara?" Having said that, I absolutely love this channel!
Another amazing video! I am always stoked whenever you upload a new video. I subbed a few months ago (although I have a feeling it's more like a year ago now!), and have been getting back to your older videos. I absolutely love longer semi-documentary type videos, and your videos are incredibly fascinating. I will be patiently waiting for your next video!
if blue jeans survive in the archaeological record (maybe the rivets) future archaeologists probably would talk about a blue jeans culture (or a rivet culture)
imagine classifying cultures by the type and number of rivets found in each pair of jeans ... thinking about debates about the utility vs. ritual use of the coin pocket!
"We see the Russian steppe culture largely segregated and isolated from blue jean culture for most of its history, but then inexplicably around the 1990's blue jean culture exploded into Russia and developed into the 'Adidas culture'. It is unclear what caused this sudden cultural shift."
Thank you for yet another excellent video! I love these long- form documentaries, and I very much enjoyed the video on the bison that preceded this one. I look forward to your future content! God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
Oh, boy. Having written a SHT about the CIRV and the interaction between the Oneota and Mississippians (and a plan for a future paper strictly about that), in can say that the Oneota absolutely deserve their own episode. Great to see it discussed here! After over a decade, I remain surprised that more parallels haven’t been drawn between the Migration Period in Eurasia, and what I’ve been calling the ‘North American Migration Period’ or ‘First North American Migration Period’ (very roughly 13th-16th Century). Interesting stuff.
Must be daunting trying to cover two continents worth of history and culture.people like yourself,stefan milo and miniminuteman inspired me to start making short history slideshows on TikTok. Keep up the great work!
Great video as always! I got a bit muddled between the western eastern groups and the eastern western groups. Here is NZ pit cooking is a thing, it’s called Hangi. It’s like a slow cooker for your meat and veg. Comes out very tender and juicy.
On the topic of coiled pots in southern Colorado, I grew up in Colorado and in either elementary or middle school we actually learned how to make coiled pots in the style indigenous to the region in art class. Cool to see that connection here!
Great work, thanks for putting this together. Extremely informative on a topic I know nothing of. I really appreciate all the recommendations for additional reading and other videos. Keep it up!
I think the llano estacado region is super interesting and deserves its own video especially the theory’s of how the plains people Coronado wrote about might have bin the southern athabaskans migrating to the south west
Great video. Closes to pemmican in mainstream culture was Tanka Bars (warning, site up and no longer selling it and the stuff that 3rd parties are selling are from years ago so fair warning). I use to sneaked it in movie theaters. Lol. As for dogs helping them move, i remember this very old native woman (forgot the tribe. It was the 80s and I was a kid) would say dogs would carry their stuff before horses came. Though most of their descendants that i encounter now say horses have always been here.
Great work as usual! Question i'm left with: what variety/complexity was there in dog use and relationships? in the renderings of dogs with travois, they are always depicted as solo-carriers. Also begs some sub-questions: Were people teaming dogs for migrations, like we might see on sleds? Were they keeping different varieties of dogs for different kinds of work (for example, draft dogs may look very different from dogs that hunt rodents, or sniff out foraged vegetation)?
Thank you! Those are great questions. I'm not aware of multiple dogs being hitched to a single travois. Norman Henderson wrote that many dogs bred with wolves (intentionally or otherwise) so I imagine that they might have been a bit larger but I'm not sure about the wider variety. I'd recommend giving his book, Rediscovering the Great Plains: Journeys by Dog, Canoe, and Horse, a read if you want more detail.
I mentioned this in a different comment. I'm Blackfoot from Siksika Nation in Southern Alberta. The dog breed that we used to carry the travois is extinct. It's often thought that the siberian huskie is its closest living relative. The elders say that these dogs could carry 100lbs. Obviously, no dog today can carry that load but if you imagine breeding multiple generations of huskies for the sole purpose of dragging large weights long distances eventually you will breed a dog capable of that task. Also keep in mind that the tipis were smaller, the average tipi back then used only 14-16-foot poles and the packing procedure for these tipis were optimized for dog dragging. The introduction of the horse allowed the plains people to carry larger tipis, and the introduction of the truck allowed for even larger tipis which is why most tipis are huge hulking 20+ foot structures today with 80+ lbs poles. It may seem heavy but a family with dogs could easily carry their possessions long distances. Of the items that were to be carried only the bison hide-tipi cover would be the only thing approaching 100lbs. Which makes sense why you'd breed a dog to carry that load specifically at least that how I figure it.
also, there are some interesting extinct dog breeds that were used by native Americans cultures, some dogs were called "bear dogs" and were said to be able to fend off a full-sized grizzly bear. There were wool dogs, with legendary soft coats that were used much like alpaca and sheep are used today. Canoe dogs used for fishing, small fast dogs used for hunting small game like rabbits (i think rats are not native to north America, I'm unsure) and many others. It's an interesting rabbit hole to go down.
i just saw a fascinating short vid yesterday on a recently discovered archaeology site in Kansas in what would maybe be like the Plains Village period. They call it Etzanoa and it’s in Kansas somewhere, and apparently was maybe like, a huge huge village. But I say village because they weren’t calling it a city because it didn’t have any mounds like Cahokia. It apparently was just like, village after village after village all along together pretty much connected. Along a river called Walnut River and, they scientist estimation of population is something like 200,000! pretty crazy!
What I find most interesting about the Great Plains is that it had a shared language that was used for diplomatic and commercial purposes, similar to English in the current world, and it was a sign language.
Plains sign language. That's a very fascinating topic in its own right.
Elders on my home reserve, Siksika Nation in southern Alberta, still use Blackfoot sign language. It's dying out though. Probably less than 10 are fluent and they are over 60 years old.
You mean like all languages? Super interesting!
NO FUCKING WAY??? I *have* to learn more about this because totally unknowing of this fact the 'trade language' in my fantasy setting is also hand gestures!
@@ExploreWinnipeg I had no idea it was so bad! Is there some site or resource where we can learn it and keep it alive?
This is one of the best history channels on UA-cam. Thank you for all your research and content.
i agree, he really brings his enthusiasm to a somewhat neglected historical treasure trove of cultures:) much lov AA
Agreed. Thanks AA for your hard work and entertaining and very educational videos.
Thank you!
I agree; it’s rare to see someone making content about indigenous American cultures, and when they do it’s usually just about their decline
I love this, thank you. I'm Blackfoot from Siksika Nation in Southern Alberta. One thing is the dog breed that we used to carry the travois is extinct. It's often thought that the siberian huskie is its closest living relative, but no one can say for sure. The elders in my community say that these dogs could carry at least 100lbs. Obviously, no dog today can carry that load but if you imagine breeding multiple generations of huskies for the sole purpose of pulling large weights long distances eventually you will breed a dog capable of that task. Thats what Blackfoot did. At least according to the elders I've talked to. Thank you so much for this video.
That is really cool! Thank you so much for sharing!
I have a question for you, good sir or madam as the case may be, as you know much more about this subject that most, and I'm a totally ignorant outsider. I used to imagine the Paleoindians using dogs in hunting, to help isolate a mammoth from the herd to to help run a herd of bison off a cliff. But historical accounts say that dogs were food and beasts of burden only, mostly under the control of the women. Dogs didn't even guard the camp at night--raiders were more concerned with the enemy's horses neighing than the dogs barking. So I'm curious as to what uses dogs were put to by the Old Guys, and whether these uses changed over time. Thanks.
Siskakyu & Yakima & Miwok
Shoshoni & Shawnee
Indigenous Alaskan/Canada/Oregon & Northern throughout Joaquin Valley
I’m an archeology student doing a field school out in the ancient dunes rn, and the rich forgotten history is what drew me out here. It really is amazing to find a stunningly crafted obsidian point more than 400 miles from the nearest obsidian source.
Lolol
Did you just call the sandhills the ancient dunes
@@blainekennedy I’m not from the area and didn’t know what the common term for them was, but they ARE ancient sand dunes, so I just went with that :)
The greatest potentials are available for you, when you realize what value(s) are the 🔑's, you might want to consider the following, and Journal them:
🔑 "Standards of Science and Research" that was drilled into my conscious memory, during my undergrad Senior Studies "Academic and Research Standards and Methodologies" (I had 2 majors "Sociology and Journalism" and a minor "History", which ultimately became my 3rd, and latter, the primary area of my post grad focus. I will note, the 3 of these infused to offer me a far greater clarity in our present era, the recent History of 19th and 20th Centuries and to date, with the current emergence of "Authentic Academics", and this being the individuals who "adhere" to the "Standards of Science and Research"
In short, these Standards direct the "Researcher/Academic" to:
"... apply Mind fully Open, free of any predetermined Beliefs, Theories, Opinions, ...and allowing the Research Methodologies to extract the greater facts."
Further, the original practice of Academia, (going back to the classics like "Plato" and earlier), were "Realized" in the value of "Freedom of Thought being the Cornerstone of Science, Philosophy, Math, ...Academia" and the value of one having established the practice and habit of the "Higher Mind, aka Mature Mind, aka Adult Mind"
(Where all our Positive Thought Energies and Wisdom reside")
This is established through a choice to make a habit of being:
"Conscious in Thought" +
"Applying Higher Mind"
Essentially the practice also found in the "Standards of Science and Research", but carried further to being a full time practice for our Thoughts, Perspective, and thus affecting our individual experiences, all of which are a heightening of Positive Experiences.
I mention this as Archaeology is prevalent in the adherence to the "Mainstream Academic" group of Thoughts and "Beliefs" 🔺
I discern and define "Mainstream Academics" as being a "19th Century Theory based Paradigm and applied Linear Timeline practice".
The stament clearly demonstrates a departure from the "Standards of Science and Research".
Additionally, routinely "Mainstream Academics" can be observed making Public accusations and judgemental Commentaries/Opinions, towards others, (Academics of various fields, Authors, Researchers, etc, whom propose Alternative ideas, Theories, and including those presenting artifacts, Written Records or Accounts, and Oral Histories, that demonstrate "conflicting points for the Mainstream Paradigm".
I don't think I need to point out all the variables in this summary of behaviors and related subjects that are "blatantly outside of the Standards".
Remember, "Actions are a Physical statement of Thoughts and Intentions"l."
🔑 I strongly encourage the practice of being:
"Conscious in Thought" aka "Present in the Now"
and choosing to "Apply the Higher Mind"
It also serves well considering the "Universal Law of Attraction" is Absolute.
A thorough comprehension of this Law would be my 2nd recommendation, as it is the "How", of the "What", that we Experience as our Reality.
Many "Mainstream Academics" have felt no alternative to remaining under the "Mainstream Academic" tradition, as they could/would stand to lose their job, tenyor, income, and reputation.
That is Changing, with the expansion of available information, including access to "Peer Reviewed Science" and "Journal Published Findings". (Many "Peer Reviewed Findings" have been criticized and/or ignored, as well as "Artifacts" also ignored, discarded, or accused as being fake. I assure you these are far too many to justify the accusations.)
A most "Narcissistic" practice: "deny, distract, deflect".
... and the 🔑 to determining when the subject is "questionable" = are they following the"Standards of Science and Research" fully and are they practicing an application of the"Higher Mind".
For, the "Lower Mind, aka Ego Mind, aka Adolescent" is easily discerned and "There is absolutely no place in Academics, particularly Science, History, or Archaeology, for an Adolescent Ego, with the inability to hold an Open Mind to Alternatives, Possibilities, or an ability to say, "I was wrong".
Best Thoughts and Aunt Successes ...
Beth Bartlett
Sociologist/Behavioralist
and Historian
"The Subjects + Research are my gig!"
Arguably the best channel on youtube
Thank you!
"The best" is a bad way to think about it, I mean how can you compare vastly different channels?
Long winded way to call this channel S tier
Arguably ...
(Keep in mind Best or Only can be a limiting Thought)
holy shit "Blue Jeans Culture" as a description of Earth history in a sci-fi setting would actually be so funny and kinda accurate
It might be the only context where it would be remotely appropriate.
The phone culture?
I prefer the "Plasticware Culture." Describes our most abundant and enduring substance.
@pipe2devnull Future historians will probably refer to this as the social media or information era in the future.
@@toastedt140if that kind of media survives.
I think I'm in love with your type of voice ngl. Also *god* thanks for the pre-USA american history, and if anyone in the comments reads this, please recommend more channels like this fellow.
I also like Stefan Milo and miniminuteman's (Milo Rossi) channels
Wildly different topic, but check out Cambrian Chronicles (Wales).
Stefan Milo and Miniminuteman are both awesome! I also recommend checking out the following channels: Aztlan Historian, ArchaeoEd Podcast, Nathanael Fosaaen, and Indigenous History Now.
History with Cy is another of my favorites!
@@Bibbzyy I love Cy! His Egyptian Dynasties series is interesting
I wish The Americas were discovered 500 years later. The trade of goods was very developed and the Copper technology was just getting started. Having lived in Western Washington and Tucson Arizona, I treasure our friends and their culture. Thank you for keeping this world changing event alive ❤
We appreciate the graphics over the "Ancient Americas Map" that help give regional relevance. Thanks!
Recently discovered this channel and it just might be my favorite. Binge watched all of your Mexico related videos since I’m from there. Now watching everything else keep up the great work there are people who appreciate this kind of content.
Thank you!
It's always a pleasure to see your videos. It's the first time I get to enjoy one so soon after it was uploaded. Thank you for all the videos you've made so far
Just want to say I greatly appreciate your content and I'm glad I found this channel! You can't find this level of detail and professionalism on most other channels. Just cold hard facts, mythbusting, and a respectful approach to the material. I love it.
Thank you!
Always happy to see you post ! Such important stories you're telling. The people are still here.
Thank you!
Count the number of times he uses the word “but”. That is how he makes fine points to distinguish from the general statement and discourages stereotyping. Subtle but important way of indicating the richness of the variety found in these cultures.
you happened to release this right in the middle of my current hyperfixation on the high plains and all the various media surrounding it, so seriously thank you so much
What wonderful timing!
People find their way to the desert, 👍
Awesomeness
I'm not traveling anyway
The work and quality you put on these videos are overwhelming, I can’t help but feel that I should just write this comment to say how much I appreciate what you do
Thank you!
My wife and I love watching these videos! It’s our favorite weekend morning tradition. We love your production style so so much! Always entertaining and we actually learn a lot 😊
Aw, thank you!
I strongly recommend that people who are interested in southwest and/or great plains natives to check out the account of the Coronado expedition. There's a lot of anthropological material in it about the region from a very early point relative to most other sources(1540~). A lot of these early spanish accounts of the americas have material that still hasn't been fully incorporated into the english-speaking worlds anthropological views, due to many of them being untranslated and understudied. I remember being taught that great plains natives were relatively sedentary before the introduction of the horse in college a couple of decades ago, but then I read in the old Coronado report that they were living in teepees and using large dogs to move everything around, which seems to be more commonly known now. They put a lot of emphasis on how big the dogs were too, which might help answer the claim to how much they could carry covered in this video. Had some really cool accounts of defensive structures too, the spanish were even completely deterred by a fortified village they were attempting to raid while they were desperate for supplies.
Agree. Most of the videos like this channel churns out, are heavily Eurocentric and Anglicized because they don't understand any language besides English and they want to be in charge of the narrative and promote the pan-Indigenous 5 second TikTok cultural sound bites when the reality is far more complex and the best people to explain Plains cultures are the Indigenous people of the Plains themselves but this guy is a know it all
Of course indigenous cultures are a critical source of information but they are not infallible especially as you move further back in time. Adaptations during the historic period after European contact, including the introduction of the horse, elements of European material culture, and the response to introduced disease are partially documented in Euro-American records, which are important sources for understanding indiginous cultures. These sources when combined with indiginous sources and archaeology can form a more complete picture of the past@@gnostic268
@@gnostic268Yeah, and “anglo-centric” is okay because of course most people tend to view other cultures from the lens of their own and it’s fine.
@@gnostic268, 😅😅 so said the bigoted know it all.
Having a rough week but I see a new Ancient Americas video and it completely turns around my mood! Cheers!
Thank you! Hope the week gets better for you!
@@AncientAmericas I'm over the hump but by all means, keep doing what you do, I often recommend your channel to anyone I think might be interested.
I grew up in Kansas and have lived near the Colorado border, the North Central and the Northeast . The only part of the regions that could be called flat are the far Southwest and West Central parts. Get off the interstate and the wide variety of topography is more apparent. If this seems dubious, I recommend riding around the region on a bicycle. I've also lived in South Central Texas and travelled all over the Texas. The Plains have a beauty all their own.
im no Seer, but i can tell you exactly what ill be doing every time this man uploads, i'll be getting good & comfy
Cozy up with a nice cup of tea and hit play.
This two-parter is some of the best work I've seen you do. Great job!
Coming from you, that means a lot. Thanks man!
WAKE UP BABE A NEW ANCIENT AMERICAS VIDEO JUST DROPPED
Why all caps?
I'm up!!
@@markmcarthy596 its hard to contain my excitement about ancient americas lol
TURN ON THE MUISCA (MUSICA) FOR THE RAVE 🤑
@@markmcarthy596why not?
The long awaited plains video!
Finally done after four months of work!
@@AncientAmericasso og Florida tribes next?
It is very apparent to me that the Kansas City Hopewell people utilize the great rivers to get to where they were located😊
The Tennessee river, the Ohio river the Mississippi and the Missouri would all go straight to Kansas City
your particular history content, of all the other history channels i follow, is the most intriguing and the videos i look forward to the most. your videos are always revelatory, stringently researched, all-killer-no-filler, you sound like you find the subject matter as enticing as i do, and you hit the sweet spot as far as length is concerned. i wont even watch a 6 minute video and a 5 hour history doc is just too much material to absorb well. your mesoamerican videos have cast that entire subject in a new light for me, whereas i used to be dismissive of the topic because so much is just oral tradition and possible spanish skullduggery, now i have an intense passion for the subject because youve helped illustrate the breadth, significance, mysteries, and variety that the cultures of mesoamerica contain.
Thank you! I'm always happy to hear from people have gotten inspired like I did years ago.
I just found your channel today. I loved listening to this video and the video on the plains bison while at work. Made the last few hours really bearable
I used to live in a Nebraska and I miss it sometimes. The plains are so beautiful and lovely. I am an Appalachian mountain man in my soul, but I understand the call of the wide blue skies of the plains.
a positive of being overbearingly busy is to find unexpectedly there's a full new ancient americas video waiting for you! love all your videos, always happy to see them!
Always happy to see your comments, portal!
This is an incredible video. Your understanding and knowledge of our culture is inspirational. Thank you for presenting unbiased and truthful educational material on historically suppressed information.
Thank you!
What a FABULOUS presentation - I enjoyed every second of it. Glad the algorithm suggested this! ❣️😉
Thank you!
I am one of probably many who asked for this, and I'm not disappointed. Great work.
Thank you!
i'm taking a class on plains indians this semester taught by prof Bamforth and this video got me so stoked on it
That's awesome! Dr. Bamforth's work was of the utmost help in making this episode.
OMG was waiting for your series to show up again! Much thanks🙏🏻🌱
I'm so glad I found this hidden gem of a channel. I can't wait to see what other historical topics you cover!
Thank you!
This was a great presentation. As an enrolled member of the Ampskapi Pikuni I appreciate your videos.
To add to your names for horses, we called them "Ponokamiitah" Po-no-gah-me-tah. It means "elk-dog"
Thank you! And now I'm in love with the term elk-dog!
@@AncientAmericas yeah the conjugation is Ponoka (Pō-nō-kah) meaning elk, and Imiitah (im-mē-tah) meaning dog.
There are a couple stories as to how we first got the horse, but they center around a battle with the Shoshone, they came with horses and we came with guns. We left with horses and guns.
There was also a historical study done by John C Ewers in his book The Blackfeet, he actually sat down with elders and they shared the history and way of life into the dog days. Its worth a read I think.
I actually have a copy of the book but I've only used it to check citations. I need to sit down and read it sometime.
@@AncientAmericas its probably the better of the anthropological books on the Blackfeet. Schultz, Grinnell, and Wissler/Duvall. My ancestor is featured in the preface of the Wissler/Duvall book, he also supplied a story.
Grinnell has a story about old warfare, and I think Ewers talks about the claiming of the horse.
Another out of print read that I cannot find is "Strike Them Hard" it is about the Bear River Massacre (Baker Massacre) in which two sides of my family were involved. My grandfathers great great aunt was in the attacked camp and had to smother her child to hide from the soldiers, and I am from the Mountain Chief's band on my grandmothers side. Sorry for the gebeology lesson, just like to promote my people as much as possible. I feel we get overlooked in a lot of western history.
@@bigthunderjohnson7595 Oki my browning brother, saa :P i'm from Siksika near Gleichen. I love your story.
I'm so excited to watch this! Been waiting for what seems like forever. But your content is worth the wait. Thank you
Thank you!
Yet another master class video, thank you my friend!
Thank you!
I just spent last month traveling in, and learning about, the Plains and Southwestern U.S. including the history and archeology of the indigenous peoples, as well as their current culture. Thanks again for a great episode.
Thanks for all the great content. Since discovering your vids I’m a huge fan, can’t wait to dive into this one about 100 times.
I am born and raised on central plains. The mood and mode of your exposition is precise, exact, and solicitous to my lived experience and understanding. My childhood on the north fork of the Sappa Creek developed my plains character as an avid naturalist. I hunted and consumed all the local edibles, harvesting ducks and geese from my very own 4 acre buffalo wallow which serviced an annual stop-over and staging area for thousands of migrating sandhill cranes. During my childhood and adolescence, I was free to roam my environment with no constraints to time and movement. (Mom was a Rouseauian, a Freudian, and a Spockian child psychologist) My mind transcended western ideology toward an incorporate awareness for interaction with the totality of coalesced mind activities for the entirety of the chain of being existent through the previous and even future temporal/physical dimensions of my geographical location. I was one with the past, present, and future consciousness of all living things. I drank water pumped from the Ogallala Aquifer, so all that quantum information propelled me toward its union of all material matter in the area. I suspect our narrator is of the same stock and mentality. GOOD ON YOU FELLOW TRAVELLER.
I'm enjoying the new animations, especially the arrows depicting movements. Great work!
Thank you!
How was this posted a day ago?
@@cheeseburgeroptimus9784 channel patrons and members get early access.
Such a great episode! So dense with information but delivered so well that even I could follow haha. this was well worth the wait.
Thank you!
I love all the work and love you put into these videos. They are so masterfully made that I have to watch them multiple times over!
Thank you!
Oh my god seeing the over gown SIGNED in embroidery is the most stunning, meaningful and personal touch! ! Thank you for elevating these craftsmen!
i think you meant to comment on Bernadette's most recent video and not this one 😅
Thank you for the Good Researched Work!
You're welcome!
excellent presentation. The separation of evidence based statement and conjecture is exemplary is this presentation. Having spent much time in 12 foot deep rain filled holes south of coastal Alaska, it was refreshing to see that there are others who have advanced archaeology in a dry environment.
Thank you for another exciting dive into a long neglected past.
I just love listening to you info dump all the stuff you learned. It’s so cozy.
Glad you're enjoying it!
Great video! I’ve never heard the term “type site” before. I’m a biologist and we have “type specimens” which are used to define a species, it’s cool that archeology has a similar concept!
PS. I hope one day you make a video about the Eastern Agricultural Complex. It’s so interesting and rarely discussed!
Thank you! I really want to make a video on the EAC as well.
As a geologist we also have 'type sections' (and type locality, slightly different) for named/defined stratigraphic units. I actually got to define and name one in my undergraduate thesis, that was fun!
I love your UA-cam channel. I wish we could go back in time and observe these time periods firsthand because the archaeological record is sometimes spotty at best and doesn’t fill in all gaps and information. I would like to meet these people in their own time and see what they thought and perceive on their lives and culture. They were truly resourceful people. Thank you
Thank you! If you ever get ahold of that time machine, I will pay good money to rent it for a day.
I wish I had one! Lol. I would love to also go hunting with them too.
Thank you again pookie for posting another sloshed🔥
Slosher
Love these videos. Always great to hear about PreColumbian Native Peoples and I like your presentation style. Keep up the good work!
Thank you!
@@AncientAmericas anytime!
There are only 2 Caddo speakers left in the world as of 2023. 😢
Hopefully revitalization efforts push that number up.
@@AncientAmericasWell, they're fighting against the United State's continuing legacy of cultural genocide. Hard to revitalize what the greatest economic power in the world would like to see buried and converted into farmland or mines.
There’s a million extinct languages
@@lobola956there are billions of dead people, doesn't mean we should use that as an excuse to stop caring about dying people.
fantastic overview. I have just recently begun to research this subject and was astonished to discover that the tribes we commonly associate with the plains are newcomers. The Sioux, Cheyene's and others migrated from other areas.
Thank you!
You'll find that many tribes moved east to escape the expanding eastern colonial powers but some just moved though. To me the most interesting migration though was pre-colonial when the dene from northern woodlands inexplicitly moved over 2000 miles south. That is why the Navajo in Arizona and the Denesuline in northern Saskatchewan/Alberta speak the same language. It appears to have happened at least 500 years ago according to my grandma. I saw her in Arizona having a full conversation with a Navajo woman and my grandma is from Cold Lake, Alberta.
When I hear things like, "Less than 10,000 years ago, we find the first evidence of pit cooking." I think, what the heck were we doing for the hundreds of thousands of years we were a species?
So many things took us so long to figure out. That wouldn't be weird, except that when we did start to figure some things out, development became exponential.
To be fair, those techniques may be much older but also much harder to detect because populations were smaller. The dates we have are only the earliest currently known.
@AncientAmericas It's hard to get into the heads of people who didn't have centuries of accumulated knowledge. What their daily thought process was is interesting to me. I have a feeling there js at least a component that they had no control over. For example, they may have been planting seeds for a long time before those seeds were worth intensively farming in a sedentary way.
I have a theory as to the relative slow pace of innovation over the course of human history. I can't back it up but it makes sense to me.
In any generation there are a relatively few numbers of innovators as a percentage. Way under 1%. This means when a new technique is developed coupled with limited communication that technique can die out or spread very slowly. As populations got larger the number innovators goes up. Increased communications help them spread. Even then new techniques or tools can get lost. Today the pace of innovation has increased expotentially. The same basic percentage of innovators are out there. But between population size and communications new techniques can spread rapidly. And these new techniques can inspire others. Consider the pace of technological change in the 19th century. Then compare it to the 20th century. What will it be in the 21st. Same percentage of innovators. Larger population with increased communications technology.
@@iivin4233
Just the leap to deciding which seeds to plant had to be a big leap. Especially with hybrids. Acouple of years ago my brother got some excellent squash at the farmers market. Saved the seeds. The next year all they got were gourds. Which are useful but taste like crap. There are some types of apples where you need say four yellowdelicious trees and one tree of a different kind in order to get the apples you want.
Been waiting for this one!!
0:16 Odds are. Hey guess what. I'm betting that a pretty significant part of your audience is at least partly Native American. So no, I don't think about plains tribes. I think about catching salmon. I think about about weaving baskets. I think about grinding acorns. I think "why the hell didn't they just call it Chittum instead of Cascara?" Having said that, I absolutely love this channel!
Another amazing video! I am always stoked whenever you upload a new video. I subbed a few months ago (although I have a feeling it's more like a year ago now!), and have been getting back to your older videos. I absolutely love longer semi-documentary type videos, and your videos are incredibly fascinating. I will be patiently waiting for your next video!
Thank you!
if blue jeans survive in the archaeological record (maybe the rivets) future archaeologists probably would talk about a blue jeans culture (or a rivet culture)
imagine classifying cultures by the type and number of rivets found in each pair of jeans ... thinking about debates about the utility vs. ritual use of the coin pocket!
They certainly could but it would be an incorrect interpretation of 21st century scoiety.
"We see the Russian steppe culture largely segregated and isolated from blue jean culture for most of its history, but then inexplicably around the 1990's blue jean culture exploded into Russia and developed into the 'Adidas culture'. It is unclear what caused this sudden cultural shift."
One of the most interesting periods for me! Thank you so much! Would love something about west coast regions
A successful starship launch and an Ancient America's video the same day? Can this get any better?
Amazing info! I feel like making this knowledge so accessible and enjoyable is important and you do a great job
Thank you!
Imagine where they would have been by the time Europeans arrived if the horse never went extinct in the new world and was domesticated.
Always fun to imagine that!
I'm glad I didn't notice this upload 2 days ago. I get to enjoy it whilst doing cleanup and Work Week cores today. Yayyyy. 😊🎉
As soon as I see "BCE" and "CE", I am done.
Waaaah waaaah 😂
Read a book.
I always have time for an ancient americas video ❤️
Thank you for yet another excellent video! I love these long- form documentaries, and I very much enjoyed the video on the bison that preceded this one. I look forward to your future content!
God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
Thank you!
Oh, boy. Having written a SHT about the CIRV and the interaction between the Oneota and Mississippians (and a plan for a future paper strictly about that), in can say that the Oneota absolutely deserve their own episode. Great to see it discussed here! After over a decade, I remain surprised that more parallels haven’t been drawn between the Migration Period in Eurasia, and what I’ve been calling the ‘North American Migration Period’ or ‘First North American Migration Period’ (very roughly 13th-16th Century). Interesting stuff.
Thank you!
Must be daunting trying to cover two continents worth of history and culture.people like yourself,stefan milo and miniminuteman inspired me to start making short history slideshows on TikTok.
Keep up the great work!
It's not always easy but its immensely rewarding. Where can I find your material on tik tok?
@@AncientAmericas it’s called Historical Wonders
Great video as always! I got a bit muddled between the western eastern groups and the eastern western groups.
Here is NZ pit cooking is a thing, it’s called Hangi. It’s like a slow cooker for your meat and veg. Comes out very tender and juicy.
I've had pit cooked as well. It's a very underrated way to cook.
Been looking forward to this
Thanks! This was a very long and difficult episode to make.
This is great, answered a few of my burning questions and presented me qith a bunch more to ponder.
On the topic of coiled pots in southern Colorado, I grew up in Colorado and in either elementary or middle school we actually learned how to make coiled pots in the style indigenous to the region in art class. Cool to see that connection here!
That is really cool!
Would love to see an episode on the eastern woodland cultures someday!
You and me both!
Great work, thanks for putting this together. Extremely informative on a topic I know nothing of. I really appreciate all the recommendations for additional reading and other videos. Keep it up!
Thank you!
Can’t believe I missed your upload! This is awesome
Thank you!
Always love your videos! Thanks for the great content!
Thank you!
Ahhhh yay! Thank you for a new video!
Gonna listen to this on my roadtrip tomorrow, but here's some early engagement 🎉
Thank you!
I think the llano estacado region is super interesting and deserves its own video especially the theory’s of how the plains people Coronado wrote about might have bin the southern athabaskans migrating to the south west
Nice channel, glad i found you. Going to binge your videos!
Enjoy your binge!
Loved the Book 1491. One of the two or three books I’ve read in my life that completely altered my understanding of our world.
Oh yeah, that book is amazing!
Great work. As always.
Thank you!
I’m so excited!!! 🤩
Excellent video. Always appreciate you recommending further reading 👍
Thank you!
So good! thanks for making it accessible
I never knew any of this. I thought I had it all covered. Obviously not. Humbling. Good show man.
Another excellent video, thanks.
Thank you!
Fantastic work. All this stuff is so fascinating
Thank you!
Great video.
Closes to pemmican in mainstream culture was Tanka Bars (warning, site up and no longer selling it and the stuff that 3rd parties are selling are from years ago so fair warning). I use to sneaked it in movie theaters. Lol.
As for dogs helping them move, i remember this very old native woman (forgot the tribe. It was the 80s and I was a kid) would say dogs would carry their stuff before horses came. Though most of their descendants that i encounter now say horses have always been here.
Thank you!
@AncientAmericas just remembered the brand MITSOH does, but I haven't tried it, so I can't recommend it.
Great work as usual! Question i'm left with: what variety/complexity was there in dog use and relationships? in the renderings of dogs with travois, they are always depicted as solo-carriers. Also begs some sub-questions: Were people teaming dogs for migrations, like we might see on sleds? Were they keeping different varieties of dogs for different kinds of work (for example, draft dogs may look very different from dogs that hunt rodents, or sniff out foraged vegetation)?
Thank you! Those are great questions. I'm not aware of multiple dogs being hitched to a single travois. Norman Henderson wrote that many dogs bred with wolves (intentionally or otherwise) so I imagine that they might have been a bit larger but I'm not sure about the wider variety. I'd recommend giving his book, Rediscovering the Great Plains: Journeys by Dog, Canoe, and Horse, a read if you want more detail.
I mentioned this in a different comment. I'm Blackfoot from Siksika Nation in Southern Alberta. The dog breed that we used to carry the travois is extinct. It's often thought that the siberian huskie is its closest living relative. The elders say that these dogs could carry 100lbs. Obviously, no dog today can carry that load but if you imagine breeding multiple generations of huskies for the sole purpose of dragging large weights long distances eventually you will breed a dog capable of that task.
Also keep in mind that the tipis were smaller, the average tipi back then used only 14-16-foot poles and the packing procedure for these tipis were optimized for dog dragging. The introduction of the horse allowed the plains people to carry larger tipis, and the introduction of the truck allowed for even larger tipis which is why most tipis are huge hulking 20+ foot structures today with 80+ lbs poles.
It may seem heavy but a family with dogs could easily carry their possessions long distances. Of the items that were to be carried only the bison hide-tipi cover would be the only thing approaching 100lbs. Which makes sense why you'd breed a dog to carry that load specifically at least that how I figure it.
also, there are some interesting extinct dog breeds that were used by native Americans cultures, some dogs were called "bear dogs" and were said to be able to fend off a full-sized grizzly bear. There were wool dogs, with legendary soft coats that were used much like alpaca and sheep are used today. Canoe dogs used for fishing, small fast dogs used for hunting small game like rabbits (i think rats are not native to north America, I'm unsure) and many others. It's an interesting rabbit hole to go down.
Posting a comment so the algorithm is in youe facor because this channel is a great find
Thank you!
Should definitely make a video of the Great Basin!!
Another great presentation. Thank you for this.
Thank you!
Another fantastic video. Thanks!
Thank you!
This was a great summary!
Thank you!
i just saw a fascinating short vid yesterday on a recently discovered archaeology site in Kansas in what would maybe be like the Plains Village period. They call it Etzanoa and it’s in Kansas somewhere, and apparently was maybe like, a huge huge village. But I say village because they weren’t calling it a city because it didn’t have any mounds like Cahokia. It apparently was just like, village after village after village all along together pretty much connected. Along a river called Walnut River and, they scientist estimation of population is something like 200,000! pretty crazy!
Ah yes! It's been on my list of topics for a few years now. Hopefully we'll have an episode on it one day.
Excellent video! Thanks!
Thank you!
This channel is awesome, its on the same level of L.A. Beast for me. Learning about history is great!
Thank you!
Been waiting for part 2 👍👍