Russian here. щ is definitely not pronounced the way you did it at 1:10. Your attempt was much closer to ся than to ща. I believe Japanese has a very similar sound to щ in its shi syllable.
Editor here! Sorry about that! Usually how these go is that the letter is pronounced a few times to get the sound just right, so I must’ve chosen the wrong take! Mistakes like that happen from time to time, especially when it’s up late and you’re editing after six hours of college homework.
Agree. In Danish we have the same sound represented by /ɕ/ and we don't pronounce it like that either. We also don't pronounce it like Russian щ. When I had to learn to pronounce it, it was easier to regress from Ш than try to pronounce the Danish 'sj' digraph slightly differently. Must be down to the difference between tongue tip-up vs. tongue tip-down. Most Danes pronounce all their sibilants with the tongue tip down, and both Ш and щ are pronounced with the tongue tip up.
@@thegoldendragonacs That can't be the reason. At 2:14 he pronounces two different things and in both he uses the wrong sound. I guess he chose this sound by mistake, which is fine considering he doesn't speak any of the languages he's analysing.
Perhaps he really tried to make [ɕ], but it may be hard even to hear the difference between palatalized and not palatalized consonants or two similar palatalized ones if your language lacks the distinction. Also, to me his realisation of /ɕ/ doesn't sound 100% [sʲ] either, it's more like [s̠ʲ], like Finnish or Latin [s̠], but palatalized. It's halfway between [sʲ] and [ɕ] Again, for speakers of many languages the difference can be really minute /maɪˈnjut/
@@Fjordsss i dont think we can compare slavic languages to asian languages. when i hear the chinese or japanese way of pronouncing the "ɕ" it sounds more like russian "ся", which is a soft "s". but in russian щ is a soft "sh". but maybe in some chinese dialects they say it like the russian щ
Честно говоря, ему не обязательно всё правильно выговаривать, но да, я знаю, иностранцам скорее всего хочется услышать правильное произношение. Ему бы лучше включить нормальное русское произношение из интернета, с гугл переводчика или чего-то такого.
@@Андрій-е9ф Кстати, очень хорошее подспорье для тренировки произношения, да и в целом в освоении языка (причем можно самостоятельно составлять интересные для себя фразы). Но возможны смысловые ошибки (иногда самые потешные)). Произносительные тоже бывают, но редко.
Just one thing man, it definitely isn't pronounced in Russian how you're doing it here. You're saying /sʲ/ сь when you need to be saying /ɕ~ʃʲ/ щ. It's a pretty massive difference
Hey, no problem! We’ll continue to try and make things as clean as possible going forward (we’re all human, so we can’t always get things totally correct). I explained what MIGHT have happened in another reply, but ye! It’s probably my bad for choosing the wrong take for the pronunciation. You’d be shocked at how different those takes can be!
To be fair, most people don't know all the dialects and pronouciation variants of their home language, like linguists and ethnographists would, but it can be very surprisingly if you have a television version of the language blasted across several countries for many decades so you definitely would know, what it should sound on average, and then you hear the sound, that you never heard before - it can be somewhat grating. Understandable, but impossible to ignore. For me, closest english american equivalent to the Russian "Щ" would be something like "Sh" in the word SНIT.
The way russian "щ" pronounced in this video is incorrect. It sounded like "ся", not "ща". Also, the sound itself doesn't include vowel - "ща" is the letter's name. Interesting fact: although "щ" isn't the most common sound according to given calculations, it's used as a replacement of bunch of sounds in everyday form of a word "now". "Сейчас" is shorten to a simplier to pronounce "щас", so you literally hear the sound "щ" every day multiply times.
i feel like you're making an assumption about the societies that designed these scripts "not having an understanding of linguistics" and "thinking that these sounds are phonemes". it's much more likely that e.g. greek decided to have a letter for /ks/ because they had a letter "left over" from Phoenician (samekh in that case) and repurposed it for a common consonant cluster to have a shorthand. also i'm like 90% sure that щ's original form with the "tail" in the middle originates from a scribal abbreviation for Ш and Т which makes perfect sense since that's the sound that it represented in OCS, for which the alphabet was created
1:55: Yes, but ... St. Cyril and his bro Methodius designed the Glagolitic script. The Cyrillic script was designed by the Preslav Literary School from Greek, with a few Glagolitic characters added.
Russian only... (except it depends on which Russian you ask). In Bulgarian it is "sht" as in "shtick", and in Ukrainian it's "shch" as in "Polish-truce".
Yep. Ш is hard sh, and Щ is soft sh. Very close to English sh. And in Ukrainian it is sort of vice versa, but really depends on wovels that do after these letters
As a russian id say the sound represented by the letter щ is much closer to the english ʃ with slight palatalisation. your pronunciation seemed closer to ся, and id suggest making it more palatal rather than postalveolar like you pronounced. in any case, great video as always!!
ться in Russian mostly occurs at the end of reflexive verbs, so it's actually two separate things (...ть verb ending + ся reflexive suffix) and it makes more sense to write it this way.
It’s in 0.72% of words in Ukrainian, but a lot of this word are the most common, like «що» - what, «ще» - more, also, «якщо» - if, «щоб» - for (something), «щось» - something, «краще» - better, etc. It’s very frequently used! Without it our text will be much longer. Also its partially simplified so it sounds like one sound
In Bulgarian - що (what but also why, however we use more often какво), ще (I will), повече or още (more), също (also but исто exists in some dialects come from истина - truth, while this from съществува - it exists), ако or щом (as, if, but we have если which is archaic), за (for), нещо (something), по-добро (better). Краще reminds me of краище in Bulgarian (end or part of something). Also we have защо (why)
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero "Краще reminds me of краище in Bulgarian (end or part of something)." It's a different root. "Краще" has the same root as "краса", I believe you have such root too, Russian "красота" sounds absolutely Bulgarian to me.
@@dmytronazaryk681yup. "Краище" has the same root as "Край", however. In fact they have the same meaning - "end [of something]" like in a "Край света" ("edge of the world") or "Край стола" ("end of the table").
Funnily enough the funny o letter in most fonts has too few eyes: it should be three-four-three (ten "eyes"), instead of two-three-two (seven). Using it is actually very simple: If you're being extra while talking about the eyes of a thing with a lot of them, use it instead of the first "о" in the word for eyes. The whole letter has only been used once in all of history: "серафими многоꙮчитїи", "many-*e*yed seraphims". Check out the wikipedia page for "cyrillic O variants", because it's not alone.
As many of the people here noted, your pronunciation of "ща" sounds closer to "ся". I think the closest sound for "ща" could be found in japanese words that start with しゃ, like しゃべる、しゃかい etc.
I'm Japanese and I once had a thought that Japanese sh sound kind of sounds like soft sh sound in Russian, so these two might be close to one another. By the way in Japanese sh sound is pronounced with your tongue attached to the dent of your bottom gum, and just saying sh.
@@tcy2485 as a Russian who studied Japanese in uni, that’s exactly what I was thinking all along. Still a bit confused why the standard Japanese-Russian transliteration system uses си for theしsound and its derivatives when щ is right there.
@@ivanmax3595 The creator of the more modern Cyrillic script is Saint Clement of Ohrid from the Preslav literary school in the First Bulgarian Empire, he called Cyrillic script in honor of his teacher who was indeed Saint Cyril
Saints Cyril and Methodius created Glagolitic, and were the teachers of the Holy Preslav and Ohrid Students, thus Cyrilic was named after St Cyril. The Cyrilic alphabet was created by their Holy Students in the Preslav Literary School, most likely by St Naom of Preslav. (St Climent of Ohrid is also a common pretender, but he took up role in the Ohrid Literary School.) The other Holy Preslav Students of Saints Cyril and Methodius that were lead by St Naom and may have also participated in the creation of Cyrilic are Saints Sava, Angelerius, and Gorazd, though they may or may not have died before hand. Cyrillic was commission to the Holy Students of Preslav by Knyaz Boris I of Bulgaria, after the deaths of Saints Cyril and Methodius, teachers of the holy Students, which is likely why Cyrilic is named after the elder teacher, to pay tribute to the brothers.
Bro Cyril didn't design the Cyrillic script. It was designed by his students after the glagolithic was deemed too hard and named after Cyril to honor him.
Yes. In the Ukrainian language, the letter "щ" is generally used in the word "що," which means "what." As you can understand, it's one of the most commonly used words.
ещё - also/furthermore/yet щас (informal for сейчас, common pronunciation) - now/right now/never (sarcastically) вещь/вещи - thing/item; stuff/items/belongings мощь/мощный - power/strength; powerful щенок - puppy/sucker (derogatory) Щ is also used for forming present tense active participles(🤓) Скучающий парень - bored (experiencing boredom) guy Ищущий следователь - searching (he searches and does it right now) investigator
@@user-cmcumm In Bulgarian: още - more вещ/вещи (same as Russian. Before 1945 мощ, вещ used to be written as мощь, вещь) понастоящем - at this moment/right now мощ/мощен (same as Russian) щене - puppy скучаещ човек - bored (experiencing boredom) person търсещ следовател - searching investigator
I would argue its not necessarily that people in the past didn't understand phonology and phonotactics, just that the people who made the script traditions read combinations of phonemes together were trying to save space. Z and X going zd/st/ts and ks/kh respectively is useful, not inaccurate. Why is that a revelation we're allowed to have now by saying "it makes the script feel alive" but the people who invented it "just didn't know what they were doing".
As a Bulgarian I can hardly believe ш is the third least often used letter in our alphabet,If you read a sentence you usually find it at least twice in it
@@DanyyyyyJPF ''Що'' also exist in Bulgarian and it also means what but nowadays we more prefer to use ''какво'' for what. ''Що'' can also be shorter form of ''защо'' (why).
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero I've noticed that some languages have the word "why" literally meaning "for what" like in italian Perchè, spanish porque and also as you said in Bulgarian защо
Just a quick correction: despite the name, the Cyrillic alphabet was not created by Saints Cyril and Methodius, but by their students, led by St Clement of Ohrid. Saints Cyril and Methodius created the earlier Slavic alphabet - the Glagolitic.
Likelier holy student of the Saints, St Naom. St Climent had taken role in the Ohrid literary school, whilst St Naom took role in the Preslav literary school. Cyrilic was commissioned by Knyaz Boris I to the students in the Preslav school, so it is likelier that St Naom took the leadership role in creating Cyrilic. The other three holy students (Saints Gorazd, Angelerius, Sava) of Saints Cyril and Methodius either also followed St Naom to Preslav, or died before the commission of Cyrilic.
Proto-Slavic had a pair of phonemes reconstructed as /ɟ/ and /c/. These have different reflexes in the different branches of the slavic languages: 1) /(d)z/ & /ts/ in West Slavic 2) /(d)ʒ/ & /tʃ/ in East Slavic 3) /j/ & /tʃ/ in Slovenian 4) /dʑ/& /tɕ/ in SCBM 5) /ɟ/ & /c/ in Macedonian 6) /ʒd/ & /ʃt/ in Bulgarian The Glagolitic script used two distinct letters for the two sounds while the Old Cyrillic had no letter for the voiced one. The Old Church Slavonic language represents dialects used by speakers in Thrace and Bulgaria (variant 6). As the Church Slavonic language and alphabet spread to other Slavic speaking areas it was adjusted in some (but not all) ways to local dialects. Thus, in the East Slavic (Old Russian/Old Ruthenian) dialect region, the letter Щ was used both for the CS words and for the similar sounding consonant clusters in Old East Slavic
I'm not sure percentage of vocabulary is a great way to gauge how commonly a letter is used. Some other commenters already pointed out що in Ukrainian. In Russian, щ is for example used when making (one kind of) participles: следовать (to follow) -> следуют (they follow) -> следующий (following = next) or возходить (to rise) -> возходят (they rise) -> возходящий (rising). So depending on what kind of context you're working in, you might encounter quite a few instances of щ
(0:20) How is Cyrillic simpler than Latin? They're both random scribbles that describes sounds. What you showed there was the Russian orthography, which is simpler than English orthography perhaps, but that says nothing about the scripts themselves. The Latin script as used in Hawaiian seems straight forward.
Compared to Latin it's indeed more simple. Take for example French they write so many letters for 1 sound. And yes, Russian Cyrillic is the least phonetic one, but Serbian Cyrillic is the most phonetic Cyrillic like 1 letter, 1 sound.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHeroYou're talking about orthography. French isn't Latin. I'm talking about the Latin script. How is the Cyrillic _script_ simpler than the Latin _script_ sans language?
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero It's not hard. I'm not saying Latin is simpler either. They're just random scribbles. If you draw it like B or Б, P or П, neither is simpler. However there's an argument that Slavic Latin is simpler where you have C Ц, S С, Z З, that when turned postalveolar becomes Č Ч, Š Ш, Ž Ж. The Latin letters show relation to their alveolar forms, which Cyrillic doesn't. Then we got palatal: Ć Ћ, Ś Щ, Ź ЖЬ, and retroflex: Ċ ЧЪ, Ṡ ШЪ, Ż ЖЪ (using the common way these sounds are written in languages when not allophones) and Cyrillic is struggling here. But I'll be fair, Cyrillic can also be written: Ц С З / Ч Ш Ж / Ҷ Щ Җ /Ӵ Ш̈ Ӝ, but it's still a bit clunky. Also Ц already has a descender and it ruins the pattern.
I think that the rarety of a letter shouldn't be measured only by percentage of words it's used in. It might be used in a word that's on itself is used very often. For example, in Ukranian Щ is used in що (what) and борщ (borsch), so you stumble on Щ all the time
Bulgarian also uses щ often. However the difference is that in Ukrainian is боршч, шчо (борштш, штшо) while in Bulgarian is 1 sound difference - боршт, што. Even though they are written as ''борщ, що''
@@fanOfMinecraft-UAs_channel Yes. ШЧ is written separately like ''кошче'' (little basket). But if you think about шт and шч aren't far off. шч is like штш (1 sound difference). Although only 1 word exists with шт and that is ''пустошта'' (the wasteland), since it's the only feminine word that ends with ш. While other words end with щ like нощта (the night), otherwise it will be written as ноштта (which is ugly imo).
The best thing about щ is that it is typically transcribed as schtsch in German, making words so much longer than in Cyrillic. For example, борщ (4 letters) becomes Borschtsch (10 letters) and Хрущёв (6 letters) becomes Chruschtschow (13 letters)
Yeah, what's going on with German digraphs, trigraphs and so on? SCH, TSCH, DSCH, SCHTSCH... Holy crap you overcomplicate things so much! My mind blew once when I saw the word "Chechen" written in German: RU: Чечен DE: *Tschetschenische* Seriously what the hell?
@@osasunaitor I mean German writes Ч sound as how it's literally. Ч is the opposite of Џ which is made from ДЖ in other Slavic languages and since д, ж are the voiced consonants of т, ш, German spells it like тш (if it existed in Slavic languages). Sch makes the ш sound, tsch makes the ч sound and dsch makes the дж/џ sound. Now let's compare it to the famous Grzegorz Brzęszczykiewicz in German will be Gschegosch Bschentschischtschikewitsch while in Russian Гжегож Бженщищикевич. Polish is also quite crazy since Чечен will be Czeczeń in Polish.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero no, German doesn't describe the sound literally, there's some inconsistency: [ch] is used for the sound /x/ or /ç/, but then an s is added [sch] for the sound /ʃ/, although /ʃ/ is not equivalent to the combinations /sx/ or /sç/. And then more letters are added to the already inconsistent [sch]. If /ʃ/ was represented by something simpler, such as [š] or [ş] for instance, then those long combinations would be shorter and still make sense: [tš,dš...], [tş, dş...] etc.
@@osasunaitor I mean Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Belarus don't even have proper sound for the sound of English J. Although Serbian and Macedonian have Џ still Serbian in Latin alphabet they write it as 2 letters like these 4 - dž/дж. And only Macedonian has letter for the дз sound which is s. Although it comes from the Old Cyrillic alphabet which was used to be written as ꙁ, they changed it to a Latin s, just like how both use Latin j instead of й or ь, although ь can be only seen as the glued together љ, њ (ль, нь). What's interesting is that Macedonian has depalatalization version of these letters unlike Serbian which are written as лj, нj, just like how Serbian writes them as lj, nj in the Latin alphabet version.
Actually, the letter Щ is used quite a lot in Bulgarian, not only in 0,52 % of the words. It is used in the formation of the Future positive tenses in the particle ЩЕ (will) and in the Present active participles with endings: -Щ/-ЩА/-ЩО. It is also quite common in domestic words that are frequent, such as ЩАСТИЕ (happiness), ПЛОЩАД (square), НОЩ (night), ПЛОЩ (surface, area), and in borrowed and new words such as САЩ (USA).
the way you pronounced the Russian letter щ makes me so mad as it sounds like u are pronouncing its as сь and i am even more sensitive about this because we also have that sound in polish and I often hear people calling ś sj and it make me so mad please pronounce it correctly as I know u know the IPA
@@krasnalthegreat Yeah, I get it because many people confuse it with soft S. I mean Montenegrin tried to add ś/с́ as version of sj/сj just like with ź/з́ for zj/зj. But in Polish these are different sounds. si/zi in Serbo-Croatian is си/зи (no palatalization between them).
As a Russian, you're not really pronouncing /ɕ(ː)/ (щ) correctly. Your pronounciation is more like /sʲja/ (сья) It's pronounced kinda like a palatalized version of /ʂ/ (ш) (still a cool video nonetheless)
because he is trying to pronounce it like the letter its usually written with, which is completely wrong like i literally cant name a single reason why its so common to misuse ipa characters in russian
@@irp3ex Phonetic vs phonemic transcription + which symbols were (thought to be) easier to typeset. Like the Polish Wiktionary transcribes ⟨mysz⟩ as /mɨʃ/ (and also puts it in square brackets for whatever reason), while the English one has that as /mɘʂ/ which is just so much more accurate. The idea is that if you're working with a particular language and know which sounds it uses you will e.g. know that /ʃ/ mean [ʂ] in Polish. This kinda makes sense I guess, but constantly backfires in any multilingual setting and basically defeats the purpose of the IPA. Honestly, the rule should be that you can only use phonemic transcription to drop diacritics, because otherwise you're just introducing pointless confusion.
Не уверен, что буквы добавляли из-за незнания фонетики (хотя они действительно могли её не знать, но, просто дело не в этом, как мне кажется). У них просто не было социального идеогического стремления к IPA-идее "Одна фонема - одна буква". В целом, субъективное убеждение, что каждая фонема обязательно должна писаться одной буквой. На практике было бы удобнее, частые сочетания букв писать короче, что бы писать было удобнее и экономнее. К примеру, слово and в английском пишут как & - потому что так удобнее.
How is it "the most confusing" tho? I understand it looks similar to Ш but it has a tail that makes it distinct. And it stands for 1 sound, there are no exceptions or tricky words. You can take almost any letter of the English alphabet and it will be more confusing as you will have to remember all the basic options, weird letter combinations that are also inconsistent and just straight up random stuff lmao. No, our Щ is perfect. 😎
"Just how did a single letter end up with 3 pronunciations across 3 separate languages ?" Bro, wait until you hear from "c" or "z" in Spanish, Italian, and French (and English), or "r" in virtually every European language, or most letters in most alphabets in the world 👀 Honestly, I'd find it more interesting to see a video of how we went from /g/ to /χ/ in Spanish but /ʒ/ in French rather than /sʲtʲ/ to /ʂt͡ʂ/ 👀
@@enricobianchi4499 Well, some Slavic languages have no schwa at all like Polish. Kashubian has it but Polish doesn't. Russian has it a lot with unstressed O sound. Serbo-Croatian like Czech and Slovak is mostly limited to L and R sound. Slovene has it with E and the consonant clusters. Macedonian has like the rest of Ex-Yugoslavia but they write it as ' However it's rarely seen like some words like ''ф'стак'' - pistachio which in Bulgarian ''фъстък'' is peanut, while pistachio is ''шамфъстък.''
Also, there is "c" with 3 pronauiations in only english, "pacific ocean" shows it. So what's wrong with 3 different languages having different pronunciations of щ
Great video, as always. However, when talking about Cyrillic in general, I'd suggest using all 49 letters used when writing Slavic languages, and not just the Russian alphabet, as they aren't the same thing, and it causes confusion when you talk about other languages (like in this video). Unlike the Latin script, which has barely any letters which aren't just other letter with diacritics, there are many letters, predominately from the Balkans, which are completely unrelated to all Russian letters (Ђ, Ѕ, Ћ, Џ, еtc.).
Can’t speak for the other languages mentioned but the pronunciation of the Russian Щ was incorrect. Also Saint Cyril being the inventor of the Cyrillic script is likely a myth.
Cyril and Methodius didn't invent the Cyrillic they invented the Glagolic script. Then after the death of Cyril in his honour, his students mainly Naum and Kliment made the Cyrillic alphabet.
A few corrections. The Cyrillic alphabet was created in the Preslav literary school after Cyril's death. The name Cyrillic is actually a few centuries younger than the alphabet itself. The letter щ actually used to be a single phoneme at least in its proto slavic form. It is entirely likely that during the alphabet's creation some dialects treated it as a single sound and some as a double sound. For exame the OCS word for night нощь, was derived from the proto-slavic not'i (with a pallatalized t' at the end.)
This is a recent puzzle for me ! Learning Russian in US high school and college I heard it multiply attested as "shch" as in borshch (no "t"). But hearing Russians speak it on UA-cam now that doesn't sound like what they're saying. Not sure I've grasped it yet! PS the SH sound seems very common in English, we need to add ш, ж, and ч not to mention ð and θ to the English or US alphabet
shch is more Ukrainian pronunciation since ''борщ'' is a Ukrainian dish, while Russian щ is more like ''si'' in Polish. and there is T in the Bulgarian version.
Instead of using cyrillic letters, we should reinterpret Latin glyphs. In this case, w, x, and y. We should also bring back þ, ð, and ŋ. /w/ could be written with either ƿ or uu. And reuse ſ for sh uuiw uuould look like ðis: Instead of using cyrillic letters, uue ſould reinterpret Latin glyphs. In ðis case, w, x, and y. Uue ſould also briŋ back þ, ð, and ŋ. /w/ could be uuritten uuiþ eiðer ƿ or uu. And reuse ſ for sh
@@Hwelhos you already butchered latin alphabet. English one of the most inconsistent languages. The fact you have tournament existed for people to guess how the world is typed.... it's just ridiculous
The author's pronunsiation of Russian letter "щ" is absolutely wrong. He pronounces it as palatalized [s] (in Russian it is represented by letter "с" and palatalizing vovels (е, и, ё, ю, я) or soft sign "ь" - се, си, сё, сю, ся, сь. As for "щ' it denotes palatalized version of "ш" and sounds as very palatalized English "sh" (the tongue is a bit higher to palate, lips are more stretched). By the way, my real (full) surname contains this letter, which is difficult for foreighners. That's why I shortened it in Internet.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Polish "si" sounds just like Russian "си", but with some hissing. Maybe it is closer to Russian ''щ", but still not the same. As for me, "shit", "machine" are much closer.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero In Polish there is no a sound that is equal to Russian "щ", only ones that more or less alike. The same works and visa versa
This letter is actually very powerful! Look at the same exact word in different Slavic languages. Russian "ещё" (3 letters), Ukrainian "іще" (again 3) or "ще" (even 2, without the first vowel), but Belarusian "яшчэ" (4 letters) and Polish "jeszcze" (7!!!). Polish uses FOUR letters to denote the same consonant cluster that is written "Щ"!
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero One word doesn't prove that "every language in Russia is replaced by Russian". And even many words don't prove it. Udmurt has loanwords from Tatar, and Russian has them too (but these words are not all the same). And there are international words, which Udmurt has taken through Russian (doktor, traktor etc.). However, the main verbs (to go, to eat, to drink) are native (мыныны, сиыны, юыны). The verb "бертыны" (to return) seams native, despite it is similar to the Russian "вертаться" with the same meaning.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Of course. Like English is more spoken than any languages in GB. French is more spoken than any languages in France. Spanish is more spoken than any languages in Spain. There are languages which spoken in one village with few speakers, and neighbour villages speek their own languages.
Bro, cool video. The research is there, but for a video about the syllable, we have to hear the actual sound, and that part lacked a bit. At least for Russian, the щ is not pronounced like that, you sounded more like ся.
I remember at school in bulgaria, they really drove home how you should NEVER write 'Ш' and 'Т' next to each other because "that's what 'Щ' is for", used to make me wonder why we didn't have letters for other digraphs like ''ДЖ'
Serbian, Macedonian have Џ, even for the softer variant - Ђ. Macedonian also has ДЗ - S. Although Bulgarian used to have S which was Ꙃ. Bulgarian has only 1 exception however it's the word ''пустошта'' (because it's feminine word and it ends of ш, not щ as most of do). This is the only exception.
I actually found out Џ at some point which only further compounded my wondering over why we don't have it. Also never noticed ''пустошта'' was an exception, that's neat
@1:35 Wrong! Saint Cyril created Glagolitic alphabet, not Cyrillic. Cyrillic alphabet was created by disciples of disciples of saint Cyril after his death.
if you think that this letter is in any way surprising/weird or inconsistent across languages then LET ME INTRODUCE YOU TO THE LETTER X IN THE LATIN ALPHABET LOL
Or let me one up you what about a very common one C which can be written as TS xD i dont want to be rude but yeah this is hardly weird there is a ton of such inconsistencies in languages pick any letter and if you search hard enough you can find a weird case of it in at least 1 word.
This video is wrong on so many levels...the letter щ comes from what used to be a palatalized t' in proto-slavic which was a separate phoneme. Not much of an oopsie
Meanwhile the digraph 'ch' having completely different pronunciations in english, french, german, etc, the 'sz' and 's' being opposite if each other in polish and hungarian, even just the letter 'c' having all those different pronunciation variants in position before i/e, and furthermore being used for even more different sounds in eastern european languages and another one in turkish; the letter z having at least 3 different sounds across german, spanish and then others. And also x, and j, and all those letters used for click sounds in south african languages, and q in pingying, and more
5:28 It's pronounced /dɔpɔ'bɑt͡ʃɛ̝nʲ:ɑ̈/ if my IPA is correct. The idea is that the «ба» syllable is stressed in this word in Ukrainian, not the «че». Stress on «че» makes it sound like Polish 😁
While щ may not be a necessary letter for it repesents a consonant cluster, I'd use this letter alone rather than write "szcz" (God save us) as the Poles do
It will be like Ukrainian but szt what will be if in Bulgarian шч is separate letters but not шт, except for the word ''пустошта'' (the wasteland) since it's feminine and end with ш instead of щ. However ść would be щь, right?
At 0:40 ,All of these letters are still in use in Old Church Slavonic, Theta is either normal Theta or F, Izhe is a very interesting letter since when between 2 Vowels it makes a V sound, Jat' is just a retextured "e" now, Jan" makes a "ja" sound and Jod" makes a "jo" sound, You should do a video on Old Church Slavonic infact.
Щ in Russian is pronounced like "sh" in "shit". I'm not kidding right now, this is the quickest and easiest to understand explanation I ever came up with. Works like a charm. P.S. SFW version would be "shield" but this is boring
@@VasiliyOgniov In Ukrainian is ''sh + ch'' and in Bulgarian ''sh + t'' like both are consonant clusters although sometimes they are pronounced as ''sh.''
also щ in russian may be thought of as palatalized version of ш (though its not correct history-vise). so russian could potentially use soft/hard vowels to distinguish these sounds, like with the rest of its phonemes.
In Russian yes, but Ukrainian and Bulgarian is not itself palatalized, although in Bulgarian щ can be soften, but not ш. Mostly with я like ''щях'' (I would have).
Except that it's always geminated, so it's more like a palatalized version of шш. And historically it comes from a different process than the usual palatalization.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero щ actually sounds more like English or Japanese sh. That's why I found strange that a native English speaker pronounce щ (sound that really similar to English sh) like ся (sound that doesn't exist in English at all)
A little note (which I suppose most of you would know): The strict rule of pronouncing this letter - particularly in Ukrainian in that case - should be applied if you work as a TV news anchor, and therefore need to speak the standardized Ukrainian. But that doesn't always work in living colloquial language. As as with other letters for that matter. Regional dialects can change that, things of that nature.
0:13 Please stop showing the Russian alphabet as it was THE Cyrillic one. Cyrillic has no standard set of letters as you have in Latin. If anything, the Bulgarian alphabet seems the most neutral to show as an example of Cyrillic as it mostly consists of common letters
It's like how in Ukrainian, Belarusian ' is a hard sign, but in Macedonian is schwa like Bulgarian, but rarely used. А and Я also make schwa sound (or more exactly back vowel, since it differs more than the English one, kinda like with ы but except being hard и, it's hard а). Some words in Bulgarian especially with ''they'' or ''I'' at the end of words is pronounced like ''ъ'' or ''йъ'' for example ''ядат'' (they eat is pronounced as ''ядът'' but written ''ядът'' means the rage and the stress is on я, while here is on ''а'' which is pronounced as ''ъ.'') ''йъ'' exists but only in foreign names.
Thank you for this video, but I think you could tell us more.For example, the way that this letter appears in some forms of verb.for examples, in russian "простить" (to forgive) doesn't have a щ, while "прощу" (I will forgive you) That's all due to an sound shift in proto-slavic called "Йотация".It's basically palatalization, but in certain environment and with certain peculiarities.Also, your pronunciation of /ɕ/ is closer to "сь".You can improve it by moving your tongue backwards to the point where it acquires a shushing sound
Bulgarian has щ like in ''да прощавам'' (to forgive) while I will forgive will be ''ще простя'' Bulgarian actually uses щ the most. For example the Russian ''я хочу'' which in Modern Bulgarian is ''аз искам'' we have archaic form from OCS which is ''аз хощу'' where soft чь in Russian and Serbian becomes шт in Bulgarian.
@@JkaBG Yes it is. But I wanted to point out it was actually ''азъ хощу'' that form of ''азъ'' was used until 1945 before communists removing the ers like ъ, ь at the end of words, except in some Turkish names it's kept like Аслъ for example. For Serbian ''искам'' sounds archaic for them, they use ''jа хоћу'' instead of ''jа искам.'' In Old Bulgarian ''искам'' used to mean search also but that was replaced with ''търся.''
As a kid in Bosnia and Herzegovina learning Russian in school, I was taught it as a combo of our š and ć (ш and ћ); /ʃtɕ/ (ć/ћ /tɕ/ is softer than č/ч /tʃ/). I was quite surprised in later life to find it's pronounced differently and simpler! But also in old texts I encountered it frequently standing in for what I'd expect to be /ʃt/.
This is an outdated phonetic that Russian still uses. Modern Russian is actually ''šj'' like the Polish ''si.'' But for Ukrainian is ''šč'' and for Bulgarian is ''št.''
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero В русской разговорной речи несколько иначе, но суть схожа: вместо "што" (как положено произносить местоимение "что") зачастую говорим "чё" -- но не во всех случаях: например, союз "что" не может быть произнесен как "чё"; скажем: "Что там?" зачастую прозвучит как "чё там?", но в союзном предложении типа "Он говорит, что надо то-то и то-то" союз "что" нельзя произнести как "чё", а только как "што"). Т.е., подытожу (сама только сейчас это для себя открыла): местоимение "что" можно произнести как "чё", но союз "что" произносится только как "што".
If Polished used cyrylic then the letter щ would definitely be used more often than in Russian or Ukrainian, as the cluster "szcz" pronounced /ʂt͡ʂ/ is pretty common. But going with that logic we would probably need a letter for the /ɕt͡ɕ/ cluster as well
Polish doesn't use Cyrillic for the same reasons why we don't use the Arabic script. But yeah, it would be the closest to Belarusian one. Technically Belarusian is the closest of being ''Cyrillic Polish.'' Like dobry dzień - добры дзень.
In Belarusian, where the letter "щ" does not exist in the alphabet (the combination of letters "шч" are used instead) the cluster (combination) of sounds "ʂtʂ" is used here and there. And these sounds is the same as in Polish. Of course, there is not the combination of several sound in the contemporary Russian in the places where the letter "щ" is used. There is used the single sound "ɕ:" instead. And the combinanation of two sounds are used in Ukrainan in the place where the letter "щ" is. But the Ukrainian sounds are not identical to those which is in the similar Polish and Belarusian cluster. So, the letter " щ" is pronounced as "ʃt͡ʃ" in Ukrainian.
Russians are not authors of Cyrillic script, so how they read щ is completely unimportant. Cyrillic script is really the 'Old Bulgarian Greek alphabet' (if you don't believe me go into Wikipedia article called "Old English Latin alphabet" = Latin alphabet + additional letters; now go to the article "Early Cyrillic alphabet" = Greek alphabet + additional letters). When Cyrillic was made, Slavs already were splitting for >400 years and MIXING with speakers of different languages, from this we have West, East and South Slavs. Their ancestors had two sounds, the Proto-Slavic voiceless *ť /c/ (no, it's not the *c /ts/ as in *ovĭca 'a sheep') and the voiced *ď /ɟ/. Proto-Slavic: *dŭŤeri 'daughters', *goręŤĭ 'hot, burning', *noŤĭ 'night', *peŤi 'to bake', *peŤĭ 'oven', svěŤa 'candle', ŤuĎĭ 'foreign', meĎa 'boundary', rŭĎa 'rust', ryĎĭ 'of red colour', saĎa 'soot' West Slavs: - Czech: dCery, hoříCí, noC, peCT, peC, svíCe, CiZí, meZ, reZ, ryZí, saZe - Polish: Córy, gorąCy, noC, pieC, pieC, świeCa, CuDZy, mieDZa, rDZa, ryDZ, saDZa East Slavs: - Russian: doČjeri, gorjaČij, noČ', pjeČ', pjeČ', svjeČa, ČuŽoj, mjeŽa, rŽa, ryŽij, saŽa - Ukrainian: doČky (dim.), harjaČyj, niČ, peKTý, piČ, sviČka (dim.), ČuŽyj, meŽa, (i)rŽa, ryŽyj, saŽa South Slavs: - Old Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian): dŭŠTeri, goręŠTii, noŠTĭ, peŠTi, peŠTĭ, svěŠTa, ŠTuŽDĭ, meŽDa, rŭŽDa, ryŽDĭ, saŽDa - Modern Bulgarian: dǎŠTeri, goreŠT, noŠT, peKa (lack of infinitive, it's 1st person singular), peŠT, sveŠT, ČuŽD, meŽDa, rǎŽDa, ryŽ, saŽDi South Slavs live in mountainous area so their common speech has tendency to dialectisation, that's why they needed a letter (Ⱋ - Glagolitic, щ - Cyrillic) that could be read differently depending on the dialect, e.g. Bulgarian sveŠT, rǎŽDa; Macedonian: sveḰa, ‘rǴa; Serbo-Croatian: sv(ij)eĆa, rĐa; Slovene: sveČa, rJa. Why there was not voiced letter in Cyrillic? Because Cyrillic was never made as "Slavic" script, but as Balkan sprachbund script. And when Old Greek /zd/~/dz/ (represented with Ζζ (zeta)) become /z/, there was a tendency to writing any ZD as separate letters. Heck, Early Cyrillic /dz/~/z/ (represenred with Ѕ ѕ) also became obsolete. Big chunk of Greek letters were kicked out from Cyrillic, so now majority of modern Slavic speakers using Cyrillic wouldn't know what "ѕѣлѡ" is. ------- Could you tell us from where did this statement came: "If Polished used cyrylic then the letter щ would definitely be used more often than in Russian or Ukrainian, as the cluster "szcz" pronounced /ʂt͡ʂ/ is pretty common." Because I'm sure that there was zero research ;) 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 If we go, let's say into Wikipedia article about Poland ("Polska") you will have 113 "szcz" - yes, we can say that it's used 'often', but "gd" is used 77 times (should there be a special letter for it?), "sc" (not "sch") x283, "sp" x376, "prz" x507, "ść" (+ści) x522, "sk" x1747 (ok, bias), "st" x2114. For comparison "ź" is the least used letter in the Polish alphabet (0.061%), there is x121 "ź" in the article ;) The consonant cluster "szcz" is soooo common in Polish, that Poles need ASAP some special letter for it🤣🤣🤣. Russian is highly influenced by Bulgarian via text, so it reads щ in it's own way..., e.g. Proto-Slavic obĭŤĭ 'common', vs. Polish obCy vs. borrowed by Russians obŠČij 'common' (and bazillion others). I'm sorry, but you know that words in Slavic languages inflect, right? So there is something called present participle for imperfective verbs, e.g. drinking, reading, sleeping, placing... Polish: pijąCy, czytająCy, śpiąCy, kładący Russian: p'juŠČij (Bulgarian pieŠT), čitajuŠČij (BG čitaŠT), spjaŠČij (BG spjaŠT), kladuŠČij (BG kladjaŠT) - some also function as adjectives (also as short adjectives that end with -ŠČ) Ukrainian: p'juČy čytajuČy, spljaČy(j), kladuČy Belarusian: p'juČy, čytajuČy, spjaČy, kladuČy Then you can make nouns from adjectives, there is -CZYK in Polish (e.g. Albańczyk "Albanian'), but Russian -ŠČIK in as in naturščik 'model', zastrójščik 'developer' does not exist. I should also mention comparative degree of adjectives/adverbs that end with -ST-, Polish częSTSZy/częŚCIej, gęSTSZy/gęŚCIej, tłuSTSZy/tłuŚCIej, proSTSZy/proŚCIej Russian čaŠČe/čaŠČe, guŠČe/guŠČe, tolŠČe/tolŠČe, proŠČe/proŠČe Ukrainian čaSTIŠyj/čaSTIŠe... I'm sorry, my knowledge about Ukrainian is poor. I agree that we have tendency to do words more pleasing to our ears, and sometimes we also make SZCZ from CZ, e.g. Polish SZCZeżuja, pSZCZoła vs. Russian Češuja, pČela. But I still think that when we are on this delusional stage of thinking that making one letter for some random consonant cluster is not highly stupid idea, we should have some special letter with GRZ/GŻ ;), as we also add G, e.g. Polish GŻeGŻółka, rozGRZeszyć vs. Ukrainian ZoZulja, Russian razRešítʹ 🤣🤣 Regards.
say "shit" without t, and reduce i to minimum that is exact same sound Щ. you can 100% be sure with that as even russian rappers use word (щит=shield) as homonyme of american slang "shit".
Guys, he's making a sci-pop video, I think most ppl can't properly pronounce the whole IPA, it's hard for a non-native person to handle Slavic languages. It's not a pronunciation guide, it's just a review of a linguistic phenomenon. Doubting his competence in linguistics by his mispronunciations and his accent is giving me so much "toxic traumatized prescriptivistic Russian linguist allies with American Karens" vibes tbh...
I'd generally agree with you; but also, I'm not sure he did a fair amount of research considering he just says "lol old slavic people were stupid so thats why the languages are like this rn" and doesn't actually go much into the history of it
Or may be he should've done a bit more research before making this video? As a Russian, I know that Щ is there for preservation reasons. It sounds like a soft "ш" in modern Russian, and could be easily replaced with a Ш in most words. Words "щётка" and "шётка" sound identical. Щ is used to show that there once used to be "st" in this word. ПИЩА
0:30 As a Ukrainian speaker, I'm unsure if it's the case. The terminology we are taught at school is a little different but in some instances where a voiceless consonant is in front of a voiced one, it becomes voiced. For example, бороТьба sounds like бороДьба(pronunciation changes from T to D) or проСьба sounds like проЗьба(pronunciation changes from S to Z). But I'm not a linguist, so maybe you meant something different from what I'm describing.
Ukrainian is like Serbo-Croatian where you are the only ones which don't have devoicing and В changing to W sound as Slovak and Slovene at consonant clusters or at the end of the words.
Щ is literally pronounced as “shch”. Thing of the first letters in “shell” and “chill” and pronounce them one after the other. That’s all there is to it.
never understand using this many consonants symbols for only one. Also pronouning them one by one didnt make it sounds щ. Actually, if i can pull keep pronouncing "Щщщщщщщщщщщщ" sound w/o any mouth movement - i think it's purely separate sound
3:05 I really appreciate you pronouncing the Belarusian language the proper way. I enjoyed listening to you saying the names of the other languages the way they are originally pronounced, like Qazaq, Adyghe, and all other languages with the thrilling r sound. W
Would you be so kind to check who, when and where invented the Cyrillic alphabet(min 1:36), since to the best of my knowledge as someone who has studied history, st Cyril was already long dead by the time of its invention. Also I don't get it how can you make a linguistics video and pronounce Greek letters psi and ksi as "sai" and "zi" like they are some part of English randomly included in the Alphabet.
@@chingizzhylkybayev8575 I thought you are referring to the first sentence. However it is common sense to name the things with their real names and since when the English pronunciation of anything is the correct version of it when we are talking Linguistics?
@@velizarmarchovski7262 calling things by their original names isn't as widespread as it might seem. Would you like to call Greece Ellatha just for the sake of science?
Hey, I don't have a formal training in linguistics so I might be wrong, but I thought the letter "щ" was created for the purpose of unifying the dialects. I believe the sound comes from the first palatalization of the sound cluster /skʲ/ which shifted to /ʃtʃ/, and later to /ʃt/, but not in all dialects. I won't argue that Bulgarian having a particularly frequent occurrence of /ʃt/ didn't play a role, though. Awesome video :)
When you pronounce english word "sheet", you'll get how russian "Щ" sounds. In comparison with sounding of word "ship", where you can hear the difference between hard "Ш" and soft "Щ" in the previous word.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Emm, did I text smth about other slavic languages or that it's applicable for any language, which use cyrillic alphabet as a base?
@@johngalt6931 You think Russia created the Cyrillic or you really lack of knowledge. The answer is Ukrainian, Rusyn, Belarusian, Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Montenegrin and sometimes Bosnian.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero No, only you decide that I think something and text your conclusions, without even asking my true thoughts. Usually, people who prefer to be guided by logic don't make such things. I advise you to free your mind from prejudices, this will help you perceive the world directly and without far-fetched ideas about the knowledge or position of the people you judge, especially when you don't know them.
Russian here. щ is definitely not pronounced the way you did it at 1:10. Your attempt was much closer to ся than to ща. I believe Japanese has a very similar sound to щ in its shi syllable.
Japanese can represent the exact sound with a 促音 so "っし" or if you want "A" vowel "っしゃ".
Editor here! Sorry about that! Usually how these go is that the letter is pronounced a few times to get the sound just right, so I must’ve chosen the wrong take!
Mistakes like that happen from time to time, especially when it’s up late and you’re editing after six hours of college homework.
Yeah, I heard [sʲa] not [ɕa]
Agree.
In Danish we have the same sound represented by /ɕ/ and we don't pronounce it like that either. We also don't pronounce it like Russian щ. When I had to learn to pronounce it, it was easier to regress from Ш than try to pronounce the Danish 'sj' digraph slightly differently. Must be down to the difference between tongue tip-up vs. tongue tip-down. Most Danes pronounce all their sibilants with the tongue tip down, and both Ш and щ are pronounced with the tongue tip up.
@@thegoldendragonacs That can't be the reason. At 2:14 he pronounces two different things and in both he uses the wrong sound. I guess he chose this sound by mistake, which is fine considering he doesn't speak any of the languages he's analysing.
I'm sure [ɕ] isn't pronounced like [sʲ].
Perhaps he really tried to make [ɕ], but it may be hard even to hear the difference between palatalized and not palatalized consonants or two similar palatalized ones if your language lacks the distinction. Also, to me his realisation of /ɕ/ doesn't sound 100% [sʲ] either, it's more like [s̠ʲ], like Finnish or Latin [s̠], but palatalized. It's halfway between [sʲ] and [ɕ]
Again, for speakers of many languages the difference can be really minute /maɪˈnjut/
@@astrOtuba /maj'njʊwt/
This sounds like the mandarin [ɕ]
J squared 😭🙏
@@Fjordsss i dont think we can compare slavic languages to asian languages. when i hear the chinese or japanese way of pronouncing the "ɕ" it sounds more like russian "ся", which is a soft "s". but in russian щ is a soft "sh". but maybe in some chinese dialects they say it like the russian щ
1:11 As russian , I had ear pain that how he pronounce щ in russian
Да, явно там ошибка (и во всех других случаях "русского" произношения "щ" в этом ролике) -- но зато экая полемика возникла! :)
Thank you. I won’t listen to this
Честно говоря, ему не обязательно всё правильно выговаривать, но да, я знаю, иностранцам скорее всего хочется услышать правильное произношение. Ему бы лучше включить нормальное русское произношение из интернета, с гугл переводчика или чего-то такого.
@@Андрій-е9ф Кстати, очень хорошее подспорье для тренировки произношения, да и в целом в освоении языка (причем можно самостоятельно составлять интересные для себя фразы). Но возможны смысловые ошибки (иногда самые потешные)). Произносительные тоже бывают, но редко.
Нормально, я українець)
one of the names of this letter (szcza) in polish means "he is pissing" 👍🏻
graf jumpscare and I probably shouldn't even be surprised anymore
Proves that polish language is bad.
kurwa, I didn't know this
Cześć, Graf.
@@ImpastaTronic78 He's a language nerd like all of us.
-your next challenge is to pronounce the alveopalatal fricative
-hell nah yo ass tweaking dzigsaw
Underrated comment for this channel
It honestly gets on my nerves every time, especially as a native speaker of a language with /ɕ/ (Polish)
@@dalentoish i dont know how to help foreigners pronounce it but its kinda like saying ш and й at the same time, very soft "sh"
@@Андрій-е9ф Yes, I know that. We have the letter ś, which is pronounced the same as щ in Russian
Just one thing man, it definitely isn't pronounced in Russian how you're doing it here. You're saying /sʲ/ сь when you need to be saying /ɕ~ʃʲ/ щ. It's a pretty massive difference
He's been pronouncing ɕ as sʲ in some earlier videos too. I remember seeing someone pointing that out in the comment section.
Hey, no problem! We’ll continue to try and make things as clean as possible going forward (we’re all human, so we can’t always get things totally correct). I explained what MIGHT have happened in another reply, but ye! It’s probably my bad for choosing the wrong take for the pronunciation. You’d be shocked at how different those takes can be!
@@thegoldendragonacsis bro the lingolizard
@@albertmiller2electricbooga897Bro is the video editor
To be fair, most people don't know all the dialects and pronouciation variants of their home language, like linguists and ethnographists would, but it can be very surprisingly if you have a television version of the language blasted across several countries for many decades so you definitely would know, what it should sound on average, and then you hear the sound, that you never heard before - it can be somewhat grating.
Understandable, but impossible to ignore.
For me, closest english american equivalent to the Russian "Щ" would be something like "Sh" in the word SНIT.
The way russian "щ" pronounced in this video is incorrect. It sounded like "ся", not "ща". Also, the sound itself doesn't include vowel - "ща" is the letter's name.
Interesting fact: although "щ" isn't the most common sound according to given calculations, it's used as a replacement of bunch of sounds in everyday form of a word "now". "Сейчас" is shorten to a simplier to pronounce "щас", so you literally hear the sound "щ" every day multiply times.
щас is pronounced like шяс, while сейчас is like сьэйчяс.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero nah, not always, щас is still usually pronounced as щас, at least in my circles
Он и не говорил, что это звук 'ща'. Пересмотри видео. Буква и правда называется 'ща' в русском языке
@@to1ex Well, щас is not pronounced as шас definitelly.
also a replacement for сч in счастье - pronounced as щастье
i feel like you're making an assumption about the societies that designed these scripts "not having an understanding of linguistics" and "thinking that these sounds are phonemes". it's much more likely that e.g. greek decided to have a letter for /ks/ because they had a letter "left over" from Phoenician (samekh in that case) and repurposed it for a common consonant cluster to have a shorthand. also i'm like 90% sure that щ's original form with the "tail" in the middle originates from a scribal abbreviation for Ш and Т which makes perfect sense since that's the sound that it represented in OCS, for which the alphabet was created
This is why Bulgarian kept the pronunciation of ''щ'' to ''шт.''
we all know old timey people were all dumb!
Also, those three letters have a special place in Ancient Greek morphology as the only consonant clusters allowed at the end of words.
thanks for bitching about this in my stead 😢
1:55: Yes, but ... St. Cyril and his bro Methodius designed the Glagolitic script. The Cyrillic script was designed by the Preslav Literary School from Greek, with a few Glagolitic characters added.
sorry for calling it cyrillic and not preslav literary schoolic, my bad
it should also be noted that cyrillic was created by students _of_ st cyril and methodius, hence the name
@@wlwgwlwgnomesarereal Well, please don't bother and go back to calling it "Saint Cyril" :D Trolling decent people and their comments bites you back.
"Щ" is simply "Sh" from "Sheesh"
You don't have to overcomplicate things
For Russian only.
Russian only... (except it depends on which Russian you ask). In Bulgarian it is "sht" as in "shtick", and in Ukrainian it's "shch" as in "Polish-truce".
1:10 *Btw, it's wrong pronunciation.* He said "ся" instead of щ. If you don't know how to pronounce it, just pronounce it like English "sh".
Yep. Ш is hard sh, and Щ is soft sh. Very close to English sh. And in Ukrainian it is sort of vice versa, but really depends on wovels that do after these letters
@@oleksandrbyelyenko435 Like ''si'' and ''sz'' in Polish.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero
Sze= Ш
Śsie = Щ
@@SenhorKoringa That's for Russian, not for Ukrainian and Bulgarian.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero I know but we were talking about his russian pronunciation
As a russian id say the sound represented by the letter щ is much closer to the english ʃ with slight palatalisation. your pronunciation seemed closer to ся, and id suggest making it more palatal rather than postalveolar like you pronounced. in any case, great video as always!!
Kinda funny how you have ться which acts as soft ц, but you don't have ць like how шь is hard and you use щ.
ться in Russian mostly occurs at the end of reflexive verbs, so it's actually two separate things (...ть verb ending + ся reflexive suffix) and it makes more sense to write it this way.
@@osasunaitor It's better to be ця like Ukrainian but hey Russian is heavily relying on morphems.
In English щ would be something like sch, an even more common sound in German for a better example. Not that difficult so I dunno why he went with sya
@@gigachadgaming6071 Yeah, English really lacks of soft Sh sound as some Slavic languages.
It’s in 0.72% of words in Ukrainian, but a lot of this word are the most common, like «що» - what, «ще» - more, also, «якщо» - if, «щоб» - for (something), «щось» - something, «краще» - better, etc. It’s very frequently used! Without it our text will be much longer. Also its partially simplified so it sounds like one sound
In Bulgarian - що (what but also why, however we use more often какво), ще (I will), повече or още (more), също (also but исто exists in some dialects come from истина - truth, while this from съществува - it exists), ако or щом (as, if, but we have если which is archaic), за (for), нещо (something), по-добро (better). Краще reminds me of краище in Bulgarian (end or part of something).
Also we have защо (why)
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero "Краще reminds me of краище in Bulgarian (end or part of something)." It's a different root. "Краще" has the same root as "краса", I believe you have such root too, Russian "красота" sounds absolutely Bulgarian to me.
@@dmytronazaryk681 Oh yes ,,красен, красота, крася'' exist here.
@@dmytronazaryk681yup. "Краище" has the same root as "Край", however. In fact they have the same meaning - "end [of something]" like in a "Край света" ("edge of the world") or "Край стола" ("end of the table").
Ми часто говоримо замість «що» - шо😁
Nah bro the most confusing cyrillic letter is ꙮ
They were really playing back in the day
Ah yes, the 'be not afraid' letter
Funnily enough the funny o letter in most fonts has too few eyes: it should be three-four-three (ten "eyes"), instead of two-three-two (seven). Using it is actually very simple: If you're being extra while talking about the eyes of a thing with a lot of them, use it instead of the first "о" in the word for eyes. The whole letter has only been used once in all of history: "серафими многоꙮчитїи", "many-*e*yed seraphims". Check out the wikipedia page for "cyrillic O variants", because it's not alone.
Is that Russian Omelette?...or what?
@@rodenreyes6320 fancy "o" for writing about angel eyes.
As many of the people here noted, your pronunciation of "ща" sounds closer to "ся". I think the closest sound for "ща" could be found in japanese words that start with しゃ, like しゃべる、しゃかい etc.
@@avenov exactly
Don't forget the Polish ''sia''
I'm Japanese and I once had a thought that Japanese sh sound kind of sounds like soft sh sound in Russian, so these two might be close to one another. By the way in Japanese sh sound is pronounced with your tongue attached to the dent of your bottom gum, and just saying sh.
@@tcy2485 Yep. I think щ is more like Japanese sh and ш is more like Chinese sh.
@@tcy2485 as a Russian who studied Japanese in uni, that’s exactly what I was thinking all along. Still a bit confused why the standard Japanese-Russian transliteration system uses си for theしsound and its derivatives when щ is right there.
1:33 Cyril did not create Cyrillic, his followers did and it was just named after him. Hope this helps!
A little correction: Cyrillic was probably not named after Saint Cyril, but rather after the creator, who probably was named Cyril too
Ciryl is me. I hope it'll make some clarification.
@@ivanmax3595 The creator of the more modern Cyrillic script is Saint Clement of Ohrid from the Preslav literary school in the First Bulgarian Empire, he called Cyrillic script in honor of his teacher who was indeed Saint Cyril
Saints Cyril and Methodius created Glagolitic, and were the teachers of the Holy Preslav and Ohrid Students, thus Cyrilic was named after St Cyril. The Cyrilic alphabet was created by their Holy Students in the Preslav Literary School, most likely by St Naom of Preslav. (St Climent of Ohrid is also a common pretender, but he took up role in the Ohrid Literary School.) The other Holy Preslav Students of Saints Cyril and Methodius that were lead by St Naom and may have also participated in the creation of Cyrilic are Saints Sava, Angelerius, and Gorazd, though they may or may not have died before hand. Cyrillic was commission to the Holy Students of Preslav by Knyaz Boris I of Bulgaria, after the deaths of Saints Cyril and Methodius, teachers of the holy Students, which is likely why Cyrilic is named after the elder teacher, to pay tribute to the brothers.
@ivanmax, nope, brother; read above comment where I explain in more detail.
1:10 not even close
Bro Cyril didn't design the Cyrillic script. It was designed by his students after the glagolithic was deemed too hard and named after Cyril to honor him.
ща ❌
сця ✅
шта ✅
сья ✅
saying щ is a rarely used letter would be quite wrong. It's very common in everyday speach
Yes. In the Ukrainian language, the letter "щ" is generally used in the word "що," which means "what." As you can understand, it's one of the most commonly used words.
ещё - also/furthermore/yet
щас (informal for сейчас, common pronunciation) - now/right now/never (sarcastically)
вещь/вещи - thing/item; stuff/items/belongings
мощь/мощный - power/strength; powerful
щенок - puppy/sucker (derogatory)
Щ is also used for forming present tense active participles(🤓)
Скучающий парень - bored (experiencing boredom) guy
Ищущий следователь - searching (he searches and does it right now) investigator
@@moraletherapy He didn't say, how common it is in everyday speech, he said how common it is in words in general
@@user-cmcumm In Bulgarian:
още - more
вещ/вещи (same as Russian. Before 1945 мощ, вещ used to be written as мощь, вещь)
понастоящем - at this moment/right now
мощ/мощен (same as Russian)
щене - puppy
скучаещ човек - bored (experiencing boredom) person
търсещ следовател - searching investigator
@@censord6960 Same in Bulgarian ''що'' but we use ''какво'' more.
That is not how you pronounce it in Russian.
Then how? I was taught that way.
@@danielsac6316like japanese sh in shinobi, for example. a bit geminated
@@CentipedeM Thank you!
@@danielsac6316 It's a sh sound, but higher pitched. The tip of the tongue should go up.
@@danielsac6316 Sh'
Я так думаю
I would argue its not necessarily that people in the past didn't understand phonology and phonotactics, just that the people who made the script traditions read combinations of phonemes together were trying to save space.
Z and X going zd/st/ts and ks/kh respectively is useful, not inaccurate. Why is that a revelation we're allowed to have now by saying "it makes the script feel alive" but the people who invented it "just didn't know what they were doing".
As a Bulgarian I can hardly believe ш is the third least often used letter in our alphabet,If you read a sentence you usually find it at least twice in it
Very hissy language you have then.
Щ in ukrainian is used for Що (what) which is used often, other words which i can think of are.. nvm
@@DanyyyyyJPF ''Що'' also exist in Bulgarian and it also means what but nowadays we more prefer to use ''какво'' for what. ''Що'' can also be shorter form of ''защо'' (why).
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero I've noticed that some languages have the word "why" literally meaning "for what" like in italian Perchè, spanish porque and also as you said in Bulgarian защо
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero какво is interesting
Just a quick correction: despite the name, the Cyrillic alphabet was not created by Saints Cyril and Methodius, but by their students, led by St Clement of Ohrid.
Saints Cyril and Methodius created the earlier Slavic alphabet - the Glagolitic.
Likelier holy student of the Saints, St Naom. St Climent had taken role in the Ohrid literary school, whilst St Naom took role in the Preslav literary school. Cyrilic was commissioned by Knyaz Boris I to the students in the Preslav school, so it is likelier that St Naom took the leadership role in creating Cyrilic. The other three holy students (Saints Gorazd, Angelerius, Sava) of Saints Cyril and Methodius either also followed St Naom to Preslav, or died before the commission of Cyrilic.
Proto-Slavic had a pair of phonemes reconstructed as /ɟ/ and /c/. These have different reflexes in the different branches of the slavic languages:
1) /(d)z/ & /ts/ in West Slavic
2) /(d)ʒ/ & /tʃ/ in East Slavic
3) /j/ & /tʃ/ in Slovenian
4) /dʑ/& /tɕ/ in SCBM
5) /ɟ/ & /c/ in Macedonian
6) /ʒd/ & /ʃt/ in Bulgarian
The Glagolitic script used two distinct letters for the two sounds while the Old Cyrillic had no letter for the voiced one. The Old Church Slavonic language represents dialects used by speakers in Thrace and Bulgaria (variant 6). As the Church Slavonic language and alphabet spread to other Slavic speaking areas it was adjusted in some (but not all) ways to local dialects. Thus, in the East Slavic (Old Russian/Old Ruthenian) dialect region, the letter Щ was used both for the CS words and for the similar sounding consonant clusters in Old East Slavic
My soul died when you pronounced psee and ksee as sai and zai😭😭😭
That’s how they are pronounced in English
I'm not sure percentage of vocabulary is a great way to gauge how commonly a letter is used. Some other commenters already pointed out що in Ukrainian. In Russian, щ is for example used when making (one kind of) participles: следовать (to follow) -> следуют (they follow) -> следующий (following = next) or возходить (to rise) -> возходят (they rise) -> возходящий (rising). So depending on what kind of context you're working in, you might encounter quite a few instances of щ
Like in Bulgarian:
да следвам (to follow) -> следват (they follow) -> следващ (following next)
да възходя (to rise) -> възходят (they rise) -> възходящ (rising)
0:44 "Fortunately, nowadays you can count on each letter... to represent a fully distinct sound."
Enter the Hard Sign and Soft Sign.
That's for Eastern Slavic languages, for Southern, especially Serbian and Macedonian - 1 letter is literally, 1 sound.
"Subscribe for a free borscht"
I see what you did there
борщ
борщ
borshch or Borschtsch
or борщ to keep it short
Too much letters for short word "борщ" 😂
борщ
(0:20) How is Cyrillic simpler than Latin? They're both random scribbles that describes sounds. What you showed there was the Russian orthography, which is simpler than English orthography perhaps, but that says nothing about the scripts themselves. The Latin script as used in Hawaiian seems straight forward.
Compared to Latin it's indeed more simple. Take for example French they write so many letters for 1 sound. And yes, Russian Cyrillic is the least phonetic one, but Serbian Cyrillic is the most phonetic Cyrillic like 1 letter, 1 sound.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHeroYou're talking about orthography. French isn't Latin. I'm talking about the Latin script. How is the Cyrillic _script_ simpler than the Latin _script_ sans language?
@@Liggliluff If you start from Cyrillic then Latin you will realise it's not that hard.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero It's not hard. I'm not saying Latin is simpler either. They're just random scribbles.
If you draw it like B or Б, P or П, neither is simpler. However there's an argument that Slavic Latin is simpler where you have C Ц, S С, Z З, that when turned postalveolar becomes Č Ч, Š Ш, Ž Ж. The Latin letters show relation to their alveolar forms, which Cyrillic doesn't. Then we got palatal: Ć Ћ, Ś Щ, Ź ЖЬ, and retroflex: Ċ ЧЪ, Ṡ ШЪ, Ż ЖЪ (using the common way these sounds are written in languages when not allophones) and Cyrillic is struggling here.
But I'll be fair, Cyrillic can also be written: Ц С З / Ч Ш Ж / Ҷ Щ Җ /Ӵ Ш̈ Ӝ, but it's still a bit clunky. Also Ц already has a descender and it ruins the pattern.
@@Liggliluff Well, there is handwritten version and the ones used in keyboards. So there is the difference.
I think that the rarety of a letter shouldn't be measured only by percentage of words it's used in. It might be used in a word that's on itself is used very often. For example, in Ukranian Щ is used in що (what) and борщ (borsch), so you stumble on Щ all the time
Bulgarian also uses щ often. However the difference is that in Ukrainian is боршч, шчо (борштш, штшо) while in Bulgarian is 1 sound difference - боршт, што. Even though they are written as ''борщ, що''
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHeroSo in Bulgaria you have щ as [ш т] and not [ш ч]?
@@fanOfMinecraft-UAs_channel Yes. ШЧ is written separately like ''кошче'' (little basket). But if you think about шт and шч aren't far off. шч is like штш (1 sound difference). Although only 1 word exists with шт and that is ''пустошта'' (the wasteland), since it's the only feminine word that ends with ш. While other words end with щ like нощта (the night), otherwise it will be written as ноштта (which is ugly imo).
що ?
Also pretty common in Ukrainian last names with щенко ending.
The best thing about щ is that it is typically transcribed as schtsch in German, making words so much longer than in Cyrillic. For example, борщ (4 letters) becomes Borschtsch (10 letters) and Хрущёв (6 letters) becomes Chruschtschow (13 letters)
That's Russian and German compared lol. Also often Russians write Хрущёв as Хрущев.
Yeah, what's going on with German digraphs, trigraphs and so on? SCH, TSCH, DSCH, SCHTSCH...
Holy crap you overcomplicate things so much! My mind blew once when I saw the word "Chechen" written in German:
RU: Чечен
DE: *Tschetschenische*
Seriously what the hell?
@@osasunaitor I mean German writes Ч sound as how it's literally. Ч is the opposite of Џ which is made from ДЖ in other Slavic languages and since д, ж are the voiced consonants of т, ш, German spells it like тш (if it existed in Slavic languages). Sch makes the ш sound, tsch makes the ч sound and dsch makes the дж/џ sound.
Now let's compare it to the famous Grzegorz Brzęszczykiewicz in German will be Gschegosch Bschentschischtschikewitsch while in Russian Гжегож Бженщищикевич.
Polish is also quite crazy since Чечен will be Czeczeń in Polish.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero no, German doesn't describe the sound literally, there's some inconsistency: [ch] is used for the sound /x/ or /ç/, but then an s is added [sch] for the sound /ʃ/, although /ʃ/ is not equivalent to the combinations /sx/ or /sç/.
And then more letters are added to the already inconsistent [sch].
If /ʃ/ was represented by something simpler, such as [š] or [ş] for instance, then those long combinations would be shorter and still make sense: [tš,dš...], [tş, dş...] etc.
@@osasunaitor I mean Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Belarus don't even have proper sound for the sound of English J. Although Serbian and Macedonian have Џ still Serbian in Latin alphabet they write it as 2 letters like these 4 - dž/дж. And only Macedonian has letter for the дз sound which is s. Although it comes from the Old Cyrillic alphabet which was used to be written as ꙁ, they changed it to a Latin s, just like how both use Latin j instead of й or ь, although ь can be only seen as the glued together љ, њ (ль, нь).
What's interesting is that Macedonian has depalatalization version of these letters unlike Serbian which are written as лj, нj, just like how Serbian writes them as lj, nj in the Latin alphabet version.
Actually, the letter Щ is used quite a lot in Bulgarian, not only in 0,52 % of the words. It is used in the formation of the Future positive tenses in the particle ЩЕ (will) and in the Present active participles with endings: -Щ/-ЩА/-ЩО. It is also quite common in domestic words that are frequent, such as ЩАСТИЕ (happiness), ПЛОЩАД (square), НОЩ (night), ПЛОЩ (surface, area), and in borrowed and new words such as САЩ (USA).
Тщеславен ми е любимата дума с щ.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero О, да, много е хубава, но малцина я знаят.
the way you pronounced the Russian letter щ makes me so mad as it sounds like u are pronouncing its as сь and i am even more sensitive about this because we also have that sound in polish and I often hear people calling ś sj and it make me so mad please pronounce it correctly as I know u know the IPA
Actually in Polish it's ''si'' Sj in Polish is ''сь.''
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero thats what i ment that people pronounce it as sj but it is ś or si
@@krasnalthegreat Yeah, I get it because many people confuse it with soft S. I mean Montenegrin tried to add ś/с́ as version of sj/сj just like with ź/з́ for zj/зj. But in Polish these are different sounds. si/zi in Serbo-Croatian is си/зи (no palatalization between them).
As a Russian, you're not really pronouncing /ɕ(ː)/ (щ) correctly. Your pronounciation is more like /sʲja/ (сья) It's pronounced kinda like a palatalized version of /ʂ/ (ш) (still a cool video nonetheless)
Still I can't get why you have мышь when Ш here is always hard, while щ acts as soft шь?
because he is trying to pronounce it like the letter its usually written with, which is completely wrong like i literally cant name a single reason why its so common to misuse ipa characters in russian
@@irp3ex no, ⟨ɕ⟩ is the right character for Russian щ. He just can't pronounce it
@@irp3ex Phonetic vs phonemic transcription + which symbols were (thought to be) easier to typeset. Like the Polish Wiktionary transcribes ⟨mysz⟩ as /mɨʃ/ (and also puts it in square brackets for whatever reason), while the English one has that as /mɘʂ/ which is just so much more accurate.
The idea is that if you're working with a particular language and know which sounds it uses you will e.g. know that /ʃ/ mean [ʂ] in Polish. This kinda makes sense I guess, but constantly backfires in any multilingual setting and basically defeats the purpose of the IPA. Honestly, the rule should be that you can only use phonemic transcription to drop diacritics, because otherwise you're just introducing pointless confusion.
@@irp3ex nah /ɕ(ː)/ is actually the correct pronounciation, it doesn't sound like /s/
Не уверен, что буквы добавляли из-за незнания фонетики (хотя они действительно могли её не знать, но, просто дело не в этом, как мне кажется). У них просто не было социального идеогического стремления к IPA-идее "Одна фонема - одна буква". В целом, субъективное убеждение, что каждая фонема обязательно должна писаться одной буквой. На практике было бы удобнее, частые сочетания букв писать короче, что бы писать было удобнее и экономнее. К примеру, слово and в английском пишут как & - потому что так удобнее.
With a channel like this you’d think you wouldn’t say “pronounciation”
How is it "the most confusing" tho? I understand it looks similar to Ш but it has a tail that makes it distinct. And it stands for 1 sound, there are no exceptions or tricky words. You can take almost any letter of the English alphabet and it will be more confusing as you will have to remember all the basic options, weird letter combinations that are also inconsistent and just straight up random stuff lmao. No, our Щ is perfect. 😎
Are you Russian?
This video is wrong on so many levels
Wait until you see his “pronounciation” [sic] video
Nice video, your Russian pronunciation made it a little confusing but comments helped me understand what you meant
"Just how did a single letter end up with 3 pronunciations across 3 separate languages ?"
Bro, wait until you hear from "c" or "z" in Spanish, Italian, and French (and English), or "r" in virtually every European language, or most letters in most alphabets in the world 👀 Honestly, I'd find it more interesting to see a video of how we went from /g/ to /χ/ in Spanish but /ʒ/ in French rather than /sʲtʲ/ to /ʂt͡ʂ/ 👀
A can be a schwa sound which is unique from Slavic languages, same with the soft one Я.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero i'd say that a to schwa is one of the most common allophonic sound changes in the entire world
@@enricobianchi4499 Well, some Slavic languages have no schwa at all like Polish. Kashubian has it but Polish doesn't. Russian has it a lot with unstressed O sound. Serbo-Croatian like Czech and Slovak is mostly limited to L and R sound. Slovene has it with E and the consonant clusters.
Macedonian has like the rest of Ex-Yugoslavia but they write it as ' However it's rarely seen like some words like ''ф'стак'' - pistachio which in Bulgarian ''фъстък'' is peanut, while pistachio is ''шамфъстък.''
Also, there is "c" with 3 pronauiations in only english, "pacific ocean" shows it. So what's wrong with 3 different languages having different pronunciations of щ
How can I trust your discussion of phonetics when you call the saint “Sigh-Rill”?
How can I trust his discussion of language when he thinks the word is “pronounciation”?
Not everyone speaks like you do.
@@GustawStudios23 It’s not a speaking issue, it’s a spelling issue. He thinks the word is spelled like that but it’s not.
It may be strange but not St. Cyril created the Cyrillic alphabet. It was his student St. Kliment of Ohrid.
Great video, as always.
However, when talking about Cyrillic in general, I'd suggest using all 49 letters used when writing Slavic languages, and not just the Russian alphabet, as they aren't the same thing, and it causes confusion when you talk about other languages (like in this video). Unlike the Latin script, which has barely any letters which aren't just other letter with diacritics, there are many letters, predominately from the Balkans, which are completely unrelated to all Russian letters (Ђ, Ѕ, Ћ, Џ, еtc.).
Can’t speak for the other languages mentioned but the pronunciation of the Russian Щ was incorrect. Also Saint Cyril being the inventor of the Cyrillic script is likely a myth.
Cyril and Methodius didn't invent the Cyrillic they invented the Glagolic script. Then after the death of Cyril in his honour, his students mainly Naum and Kliment made the Cyrillic alphabet.
A few corrections. The Cyrillic alphabet was created in the Preslav literary school after Cyril's death. The name Cyrillic is actually a few centuries younger than the alphabet itself. The letter щ actually used to be a single phoneme at least in its proto slavic form. It is entirely likely that during the alphabet's creation some dialects treated it as a single sound and some as a double sound. For exame the OCS word for night нощь, was derived from the proto-slavic not'i (with a pallatalized t' at the end.)
Mate I can bet my house that it’s Japanese that made you think щ would sound this way, but you’re saying a clear ся for real
This is a recent puzzle for me ! Learning Russian in US high school and college I heard it multiply attested as "shch" as in borshch (no "t"). But hearing Russians speak it on UA-cam now that doesn't sound like what they're saying. Not sure I've grasped it yet!
PS the SH sound seems very common in English, we need to add ш, ж, and ч not to mention ð and θ to the English or US alphabet
shch is more Ukrainian pronunciation since ''борщ'' is a Ukrainian dish, while Russian щ is more like ''si'' in Polish. and there is T in the Bulgarian version.
Instead of using cyrillic letters, we should reinterpret Latin glyphs. In this case, w, x, and y. We should also bring back þ, ð, and ŋ. /w/ could be written with either ƿ or uu. And reuse ſ for sh
uuiw uuould look like ðis:
Instead of using cyrillic letters, uue ſould reinterpret Latin glyphs. In ðis case, w, x, and y. Uue ſould also briŋ back þ, ð, and ŋ. /w/ could be uuritten uuiþ eiðer ƿ or uu. And reuse ſ for sh
@@Hwelhos you already butchered latin alphabet. English one of the most inconsistent languages. The fact you have tournament existed for people to guess how the world is typed.... it's just ridiculous
The author's pronunsiation of Russian letter "щ" is absolutely wrong. He pronounces it as palatalized [s] (in Russian it is represented by letter "с" and palatalizing vovels (е, и, ё, ю, я) or soft sign "ь" - се, си, сё, сю, ся, сь. As for "щ' it denotes palatalized version of "ш" and sounds as very palatalized English "sh" (the tongue is a bit higher to palate, lips are more stretched).
By the way, my real (full) surname contains this letter, which is difficult for foreighners. That's why I shortened it in Internet.
Just like the Polish ''si.''
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Polish "si" sounds just like Russian "си", but with some hissing. Maybe it is closer to Russian ''щ", but still not the same. As for me, "shit", "machine" are much closer.
@@nickkhow2029 No ''si'' is equal to ''ś'' while ''sj'' is ''сь'' in Polish.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero In Polish there is no a sound that is equal to Russian "щ", only ones that more or less alike. The same works and visa versa
@@nickkhow2029 If Polish used Cyrillic Щ would be most likely the Ukrainian one which is szcz.
This letter is actually very powerful! Look at the same exact word in different Slavic languages. Russian "ещё" (3 letters), Ukrainian "іще" (again 3) or "ще" (even 2, without the first vowel), but Belarusian "яшчэ" (4 letters) and Polish "jeszcze" (7!!!). Polish uses FOUR letters to denote the same consonant cluster that is written "Щ"!
When Udmurt language adopted the Russian word "ещё" (still, yet, more, also), it changed the word to "эшшо".
Pretty much every language in Russia is sadly replaced by Russian...
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero One word doesn't prove that "every language in Russia is replaced by Russian". And even many words don't prove it. Udmurt has loanwords from Tatar, and Russian has them too (but these words are not all the same). And there are international words, which Udmurt has taken through Russian (doktor, traktor etc.). However, the main verbs (to go, to eat, to drink) are native (мыныны, сиыны, юыны). The verb "бертыны" (to return) seams native, despite it is similar to the Russian "вертаться" with the same meaning.
@@ЮраН-ь2к I mean Russian is more spoken than any languages in Russia.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Of course. Like English is more spoken than any languages in GB. French is more spoken than any languages in France. Spanish is more spoken than any languages in Spain.
There are languages which spoken in one village with few speakers, and neighbour villages speek their own languages.
Bro, cool video. The research is there, but for a video about the syllable, we have to hear the actual sound, and that part lacked a bit. At least for Russian, the щ is not pronounced like that, you sounded more like ся.
I remember at school in bulgaria, they really drove home how you should NEVER write 'Ш' and 'Т' next to each other because "that's what 'Щ' is for", used to make me wonder why we didn't have letters for other digraphs like ''ДЖ'
Serbian, Macedonian have Џ, even for the softer variant - Ђ. Macedonian also has ДЗ - S. Although Bulgarian used to have S which was Ꙃ. Bulgarian has only 1 exception however it's the word ''пустошта'' (because it's feminine word and it ends of ш, not щ as most of do). This is the only exception.
I actually found out Џ at some point which only further compounded my wondering over why we don't have it.
Also never noticed ''пустошта'' was an exception, that's neat
@@N0tAduck Защото е било политика и не сме я харесвали тази буква.
the letter 'щ' in russian actually pronounces as 'sh' like in a word "short" ot "shirt" but without 'ort/irt' surely
no, "short" has Ш sound. For Щ better use "sheeeeeeeeet" as a reference. W/o "eeeeeeeeet" surely
@1:35 Wrong! Saint Cyril created Glagolitic alphabet, not Cyrillic. Cyrillic alphabet was created by disciples of disciples of saint Cyril after his death.
Щ is just sh like in shield, Ш is pronounced hard like in sugar
Bro... you've completely ruined the pronunciation of Щ in Russian. Yuo said "sya" but need to say "schshya"
if you think that this letter is in any way surprising/weird or inconsistent across languages then LET ME INTRODUCE YOU TO THE LETTER X IN THE LATIN ALPHABET LOL
Or let me one up you what about a very common one C which can be written as TS xD i dont want to be rude but yeah this is hardly weird there is a ton of such inconsistencies in languages pick any letter and if you search hard enough you can find a weird case of it in at least 1 word.
Very funny to think that this letter’s oddities can be described as “oopsie! Y forgor how languages work💀.”
Yeah, back when they came up with writing they didn't know so much about languages.
This video is wrong on so many levels...the letter щ comes from what used to be a palatalized t' in proto-slavic which was a separate phoneme. Not much of an oopsie
Btw Cyril is pronounced si-ril not sie-ril. It's a name in English too btw. Not very common in America though evidently
Cyril is pronounced Kiril
in Kabardian language Щ is VERY common, it's almost in every second word
Pronounced like Russian?
And there are words with like, four Щ's in one word, like "щыщэщащ"
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Yes, it's mostly pronounced like Russian, except it's shorter /ɕ/ and sometimes it may sound closer to 's'
@@nelsiren As most Ex-Soviet republics that's an influence from the heavy Russification of all nearby languages.
Lizard??? Опять ящеры, да что ж такое
Наш рептилоид
You trying to pronounce the names of languages in russia "correctly" was lowkey funny
Meanwhile the digraph 'ch' having completely different pronunciations in english, french, german, etc, the 'sz' and 's' being opposite if each other in polish and hungarian, even just the letter 'c' having all those different pronunciation variants in position before i/e, and furthermore being used for even more different sounds in eastern european languages and another one in turkish; the letter z having at least 3 different sounds across german, spanish and then others. And also x, and j, and all those letters used for click sounds in south african languages, and q in pingying, and more
"Sai and zai"
5:28 It's pronounced /dɔpɔ'bɑt͡ʃɛ̝nʲ:ɑ̈/ if my IPA is correct. The idea is that the «ба» syllable is stressed in this word in Ukrainian, not the «че». Stress on «че» makes it sound like Polish 😁
While щ may not be a necessary letter for it repesents a consonant cluster, I'd use this letter alone rather than write "szcz" (God save us) as the Poles do
It will be like Ukrainian but szt what will be if in Bulgarian шч is separate letters but not шт, except for the word ''пустошта'' (the wasteland) since it's feminine and end with ш instead of щ.
However ść would be щь, right?
At 0:40 ,All of these letters are still in use in Old Church Slavonic, Theta is either normal Theta or F, Izhe is a very interesting letter since when between 2 Vowels it makes a V sound, Jat' is just a retextured "e" now, Jan" makes a "ja" sound and Jod" makes a "jo" sound, You should do a video on Old Church Slavonic infact.
Interestingly the letter щ in the Cyrillic Russian alphabet resembles the letter س in Arabic and also make the same sound
Not precisely,ш even though it's missing the tail can be said to be the actual equivalent of ش when it comes to the sound it makes
maybe because they come from the same phoenician letter?
Bro thinks Russia created the Cyrillic alphabet.
The sound that щ makes doesn’t exist in Arabic. Arabic س makes the S sound in English, or с in Russian.
Let's start with the fact that the letter "щ" looks the same in all Cyrillic alphabets.
Щ in Russian is pronounced like "sh" in "shit". I'm not kidding right now, this is the quickest and easiest to understand explanation I ever came up with. Works like a charm.
P.S. SFW version would be "shield" but this is boring
For Russian mainly.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero yes. Im sorry, I didn't specify that. Edited the comment
@@VasiliyOgniov In Ukrainian is ''sh + ch'' and in Bulgarian ''sh + t'' like both are consonant clusters although sometimes they are pronounced as ''sh.''
also щ in russian may be thought of as palatalized version of ш (though its not correct history-vise). so russian could potentially use soft/hard vowels to distinguish these sounds, like with the rest of its phonemes.
In Russian yes, but Ukrainian and Bulgarian is not itself palatalized, although in Bulgarian щ can be soften, but not ш. Mostly with я like ''щях'' (I would have).
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero oh yeah, I forgot to say that it's only in russian. fixed it
Except that it's always geminated, so it's more like a palatalized version of шш. And historically it comes from a different process than the usual palatalization.
Saint Cyril hasn't made the Cyrillic alphabet ;)
that щ was more like ся, I don't get it how it can be hard for you
Because not everyone is Russian?
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero щ actually sounds more like English or Japanese sh. That's why I found strange that a native English speaker pronounce щ (sound that really similar to English sh) like ся (sound that doesn't exist in English at all)
@@neko2718_ The closest to that is ''sia'' in English while in Polish that is ''шя'' while ''sja'' is ''ся'' in Polish.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Um, no. I'm absolutely sure that "sh" is the closest sound to щ.
@@neko2718_ Yeah, English doesn't have really soft Sh, yes. But I mean ''sia'' in Polish is literally ''шя.''
A little note (which I suppose most of you would know):
The strict rule of pronouncing this letter - particularly in Ukrainian in that case - should be applied if you work as a TV news anchor, and therefore need to speak the standardized Ukrainian.
But that doesn't always work in living colloquial language. As as with other letters for that matter. Regional dialects can change that, things of that nature.
0:13 Please stop showing the Russian alphabet as it was THE Cyrillic one. Cyrillic has no standard set of letters as you have in Latin. If anything, the Bulgarian alphabet seems the most neutral to show as an example of Cyrillic as it mostly consists of common letters
I think a similar video would be lovely about the cyrillic "hard sign" which isn't a modifier in Bulgarian but rather makes a schwa sound.
It's like how in Ukrainian, Belarusian ' is a hard sign, but in Macedonian is schwa like Bulgarian, but rarely used. А and Я also make schwa sound (or more exactly back vowel, since it differs more than the English one, kinda like with ы but except being hard и, it's hard а).
Some words in Bulgarian especially with ''they'' or ''I'' at the end of words is pronounced like ''ъ'' or ''йъ'' for example ''ядат'' (they eat is pronounced as ''ядът'' but written ''ядът'' means the rage and the stress is on я, while here is on ''а'' which is pronounced as ''ъ.'')
''йъ'' exists but only in foreign names.
Thank you for this video, but I think you could tell us more.For example, the way that this letter appears in some forms of verb.for examples, in russian "простить" (to forgive) doesn't have a щ, while "прощу" (I will forgive you) That's all due to an sound shift in proto-slavic called "Йотация".It's basically palatalization, but in certain environment and with certain peculiarities.Also, your pronunciation of /ɕ/ is closer to "сь".You can improve it by moving your tongue backwards to the point where it acquires a shushing sound
Bulgarian has щ like in ''да прощавам'' (to forgive) while I will forgive will be ''ще простя'' Bulgarian actually uses щ the most. For example the Russian ''я хочу'' which in Modern Bulgarian is ''аз искам'' we have archaic form from OCS which is ''аз хощу'' where soft чь in Russian and Serbian becomes шт in Bulgarian.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Modern form of "аз хощу" is "аз ща" /as ʃtə/
@@JkaBG Yes it is. But I wanted to point out it was actually ''азъ хощу'' that form of ''азъ'' was used until 1945 before communists removing the ers like ъ, ь at the end of words, except in some Turkish names it's kept like Аслъ for example. For Serbian ''искам'' sounds archaic for them, they use ''jа хоћу'' instead of ''jа искам.''
In Old Bulgarian ''искам'' used to mean search also but that was replaced with ''търся.''
As a kid in Bosnia and Herzegovina learning Russian in school, I was taught it as a combo of our š and ć (ш and ћ); /ʃtɕ/ (ć/ћ /tɕ/ is softer than č/ч /tʃ/).
I was quite surprised in later life to find it's pronounced differently and simpler! But also in old texts I encountered it frequently standing in for what I'd expect to be /ʃt/.
This is an outdated phonetic that Russian still uses. Modern Russian is actually ''šj'' like the Polish ''si.'' But for Ukrainian is ''šč'' and for Bulgarian is ''št.''
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHeroНо большинство Украинцев не произносят "щ" как "шьч", например, "що" произносят как "щё" или даже как "шо".
@@Olga-de3ru То и на български понякога ''ще'' го произнасяме ''ше'' в разговорната реч. Както и ''защото/щото'' в ''зашото/шото.''
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero В русской разговорной речи несколько иначе, но суть схожа: вместо "што" (как положено произносить местоимение "что") зачастую говорим "чё" -- но не во всех случаях: например, союз "что" не может быть произнесен как "чё"; скажем: "Что там?" зачастую прозвучит как "чё там?", но в союзном предложении типа "Он говорит, что надо то-то и то-то" союз "что" нельзя произнести как "чё", а только как "што"). Т.е., подытожу (сама только сейчас это для себя открыла): местоимение "что" можно произнести как "чё", но союз "что" произносится только как "што".
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Interesting to learn! Thanks for sharing.
If Polished used cyrylic then the letter щ would definitely be used more often than in Russian or Ukrainian, as the cluster "szcz" pronounced /ʂt͡ʂ/ is pretty common. But going with that logic we would probably need a letter for the /ɕt͡ɕ/ cluster as well
Polish doesn't use Cyrillic for the same reasons why we don't use the Arabic script. But yeah, it would be the closest to Belarusian one. Technically Belarusian is the closest of being ''Cyrillic Polish.'' Like dobry dzień - добры дзень.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHeroOr maybe Polish is just Latin Belarusian 😊
In Belarusian, where the letter "щ" does not exist in the alphabet (the combination of letters "шч" are used instead) the cluster (combination) of sounds "ʂtʂ" is used here and there. And these sounds is the same as in Polish.
Of course, there is not the combination of several sound in the contemporary Russian in the places where the letter "щ" is used. There is used the single sound "ɕ:" instead.
And the combinanation of two sounds are used in Ukrainan in the place where the letter "щ" is. But the Ukrainian sounds are not identical to those which is in the similar Polish and Belarusian cluster.
So, the letter " щ" is pronounced as "ʃt͡ʃ" in Ukrainian.
@@kezgoblair Belarusian also doesn't have ''и.''
Russians are not authors of Cyrillic script, so how they read щ is completely unimportant. Cyrillic script is really the 'Old Bulgarian Greek alphabet' (if you don't believe me go into Wikipedia article called "Old English Latin alphabet" = Latin alphabet + additional letters; now go to the article "Early Cyrillic alphabet" = Greek alphabet + additional letters).
When Cyrillic was made, Slavs already were splitting for >400 years and MIXING with speakers of different languages, from this we have West, East and South Slavs.
Their ancestors had two sounds, the Proto-Slavic voiceless *ť /c/ (no, it's not the *c /ts/ as in *ovĭca 'a sheep') and the voiced *ď /ɟ/.
Proto-Slavic: *dŭŤeri 'daughters', *goręŤĭ 'hot, burning', *noŤĭ 'night', *peŤi 'to bake', *peŤĭ 'oven', svěŤa 'candle', ŤuĎĭ 'foreign', meĎa 'boundary', rŭĎa 'rust', ryĎĭ 'of red colour', saĎa 'soot'
West Slavs:
- Czech: dCery, hoříCí, noC, peCT, peC, svíCe, CiZí, meZ, reZ, ryZí, saZe
- Polish: Córy, gorąCy, noC, pieC, pieC, świeCa, CuDZy, mieDZa, rDZa, ryDZ, saDZa
East Slavs:
- Russian: doČjeri, gorjaČij, noČ', pjeČ', pjeČ', svjeČa, ČuŽoj, mjeŽa, rŽa, ryŽij, saŽa
- Ukrainian: doČky (dim.), harjaČyj, niČ, peKTý, piČ, sviČka (dim.), ČuŽyj, meŽa, (i)rŽa, ryŽyj, saŽa
South Slavs:
- Old Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian): dŭŠTeri, goręŠTii, noŠTĭ, peŠTi, peŠTĭ, svěŠTa, ŠTuŽDĭ, meŽDa, rŭŽDa, ryŽDĭ, saŽDa
- Modern Bulgarian: dǎŠTeri, goreŠT, noŠT, peKa (lack of infinitive, it's 1st person singular), peŠT, sveŠT, ČuŽD, meŽDa, rǎŽDa, ryŽ, saŽDi
South Slavs live in mountainous area so their common speech has tendency to dialectisation, that's why they needed a letter (Ⱋ - Glagolitic, щ - Cyrillic) that could be read differently depending on the dialect, e.g. Bulgarian sveŠT, rǎŽDa; Macedonian: sveḰa, ‘rǴa; Serbo-Croatian: sv(ij)eĆa, rĐa; Slovene: sveČa, rJa. Why there was not voiced letter in Cyrillic? Because Cyrillic was never made as "Slavic" script, but as Balkan sprachbund script. And when Old Greek /zd/~/dz/ (represented with Ζζ (zeta)) become /z/, there was a tendency to writing any ZD as separate letters. Heck, Early Cyrillic /dz/~/z/ (represenred with Ѕ ѕ) also became obsolete. Big chunk of Greek letters were kicked out from Cyrillic, so now majority of modern Slavic speakers using Cyrillic wouldn't know what "ѕѣлѡ" is.
-------
Could you tell us from where did this statement came: "If Polished used cyrylic then the letter щ would definitely be used more often than in Russian or Ukrainian, as the cluster "szcz" pronounced /ʂt͡ʂ/ is pretty common." Because I'm sure that there was zero research ;)
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
If we go, let's say into Wikipedia article about Poland ("Polska") you will have 113 "szcz" - yes, we can say that it's used 'often', but "gd" is used 77 times (should there be a special letter for it?), "sc" (not "sch") x283, "sp" x376, "prz" x507, "ść" (+ści) x522, "sk" x1747 (ok, bias), "st" x2114. For comparison "ź" is the least used letter in the Polish alphabet (0.061%), there is x121 "ź" in the article ;) The consonant cluster "szcz" is soooo common in Polish, that Poles need ASAP some special letter for it🤣🤣🤣.
Russian is highly influenced by Bulgarian via text, so it reads щ in it's own way..., e.g. Proto-Slavic obĭŤĭ 'common', vs. Polish obCy vs. borrowed by Russians obŠČij 'common' (and bazillion others).
I'm sorry, but you know that words in Slavic languages inflect, right? So there is something called present participle for imperfective verbs, e.g. drinking, reading, sleeping, placing...
Polish: pijąCy, czytająCy, śpiąCy, kładący
Russian: p'juŠČij (Bulgarian pieŠT), čitajuŠČij (BG čitaŠT), spjaŠČij (BG spjaŠT), kladuŠČij (BG kladjaŠT) - some also function as adjectives (also as short adjectives that end with -ŠČ)
Ukrainian: p'juČy čytajuČy, spljaČy(j), kladuČy
Belarusian: p'juČy, čytajuČy, spjaČy, kladuČy
Then you can make nouns from adjectives, there is -CZYK in Polish (e.g. Albańczyk "Albanian'), but Russian -ŠČIK in as in naturščik 'model', zastrójščik 'developer' does not exist.
I should also mention comparative degree of adjectives/adverbs that end with -ST-,
Polish częSTSZy/częŚCIej, gęSTSZy/gęŚCIej, tłuSTSZy/tłuŚCIej, proSTSZy/proŚCIej
Russian čaŠČe/čaŠČe, guŠČe/guŠČe, tolŠČe/tolŠČe, proŠČe/proŠČe
Ukrainian čaSTIŠyj/čaSTIŠe...
I'm sorry, my knowledge about Ukrainian is poor.
I agree that we have tendency to do words more pleasing to our ears, and sometimes we also make SZCZ from CZ, e.g. Polish SZCZeżuja, pSZCZoła vs. Russian Češuja, pČela. But I still think that when we are on this delusional stage of thinking that making one letter for some random consonant cluster is not highly stupid idea, we should have some special letter with GRZ/GŻ ;), as we also add G, e.g. Polish GŻeGŻółka, rozGRZeszyć vs. Ukrainian ZoZulja, Russian razRešítʹ 🤣🤣
Regards.
say "shit" without t, and reduce i to minimum that is exact same sound Щ. you can 100% be sure with that as even russian rappers use word (щит=shield) as homonyme of american slang "shit".
Only for Russian.
Guys, he's making a sci-pop video, I think most ppl can't properly pronounce the whole IPA, it's hard for a non-native person to handle Slavic languages. It's not a pronunciation guide, it's just a review of a linguistic phenomenon. Doubting his competence in linguistics by his mispronunciations and his accent is giving me so much "toxic traumatized prescriptivistic Russian linguist allies with American Karens" vibes tbh...
I'd generally agree with you; but also, I'm not sure he did a fair amount of research considering he just says "lol old slavic people were stupid so thats why the languages are like this rn" and doesn't actually go much into the history of it
@@aguywhosbi7671 where did he say it? Probly I didn't get the point. I saw quite a few videos on Slavic languages on his channel tho
Or may be he should've done a bit more research before making this video? As a Russian, I know that Щ is there for preservation reasons. It sounds like a soft "ш" in modern Russian, and could be easily replaced with a Ш in most words. Words "щётка" and "шётка" sound identical. Щ is used to show that there once used to be "st" in this word. ПИЩА
2:17
This creator can’t even *spell* “pronunciation.” In English.
The letter first appeared in Glagolitic.
Please just stop trying to pronounce /ɕ/ I BEG
0:30 As a Ukrainian speaker, I'm unsure if it's the case. The terminology we are taught at school is a little different but in some instances where a voiceless consonant is in front of a voiced one, it becomes voiced. For example, бороТьба sounds like бороДьба(pronunciation changes from T to D) or проСьба sounds like проЗьба(pronunciation changes from S to Z). But I'm not a linguist, so maybe you meant something different from what I'm describing.
Also Ібсен being misspelled as Іпсен
Ukrainian is like Serbo-Croatian where you are the only ones which don't have devoicing and В changing to W sound as Slovak and Slovene at consonant clusters or at the end of the words.
Щ is literally pronounced as “shch”. Thing of the first letters in “shell” and “chill” and pronounce them one after the other. That’s all there is to it.
That's for Ukrainian and Russian.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero 🤦🏻♂️
@@sneedfeed3179 It's true.
never understand using this many consonants symbols for only one. Also pronouning them one by one didnt make it sounds щ. Actually, if i can pull keep pronouncing "Щщщщщщщщщщщщ" sound w/o any mouth movement - i think it's purely separate sound
3:05 I really appreciate you pronouncing the Belarusian language the proper way. I enjoyed listening to you saying the names of the other languages the way they are originally pronounced, like Qazaq, Adyghe, and all other languages with the thrilling r sound.
W
Yeah, no, both Ukrainians and Russians pronounce it basically the same way - sh-ch-uh.
Well, yes but actually no and that doesn't apply to Bulgarian.
This sound also exists in North Indian languages which is crazy (distinct from sh)
Kashmiri?
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero idek
The way you pronounced it in Ukrainian is so clean! (Subbed just now btw)
Why does the letter remind me so much of a manual shift sign? 🤔
Because it kinda looks exactly like that.
gotta thank peter the great's awful taste in letterforms
щ is like sshh. Litteraly almost one by one.
For Russian.
Chukchi is the native language of Chukotka.
Would you be so kind to check who, when and where invented the Cyrillic alphabet(min 1:36), since to the best of my knowledge as someone who has studied history, st Cyril was already long dead by the time of its invention. Also I don't get it how can you make a linguistics video and pronounce Greek letters psi and ksi as "sai" and "zi" like they are some part of English randomly included in the Alphabet.
Well... that's how those letters are called in English.
@@chingizzhylkybayev8575 True, but my comment is not about the name.
@@velizarmarchovski7262 when you call out a letter, you call it by its name. That's how it works.
@@chingizzhylkybayev8575 I thought you are referring to the first sentence. However it is common sense to name the things with their real names and since when the English pronunciation of anything is the correct version of it when we are talking Linguistics?
@@velizarmarchovski7262 calling things by their original names isn't as widespread as it might seem. Would you like to call Greece Ellatha just for the sake of science?
If you can't pronounce "щ" at all, pronounce "ш" instead. This will be better than "ся", as pronounced by the video author.
Hey, I don't have a formal training in linguistics so I might be wrong, but I thought the letter "щ" was created for the purpose of unifying the dialects. I believe the sound comes from the first palatalization of the sound cluster /skʲ/ which shifted to /ʃtʃ/, and later to /ʃt/, but not in all dialects. I won't argue that Bulgarian having a particularly frequent occurrence of /ʃt/ didn't play a role, though. Awesome video :)
Bulgarian is the closest to OCS pronunciation, then Ukrainian and Russian is the most far off but it makes sense why.
Щ is same as in english word "shit"
For Russian.
Nah Щ is same as in english word "shtick" while Ԍ is same as in english word "sh*t"
tundra nenets mentioned 🎉🎉
know any speakers?
@@enricobianchi4499 no 🥲
Amazing video, SpracheEidechse
so confusing it even tripped you up 😅
When you pronounce english word "sheet", you'll get how russian "Щ" sounds. In comparison with sounding of word "ship", where you can hear the difference between hard "Ш" and soft "Щ" in the previous word.
Yeah for Russian only, but remember not all speak Russian so stop using this as base of all Slavic languages.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero Emm, did I text smth about other slavic languages or that it's applicable for any language, which use cyrillic alphabet as a base?
@@johngalt6931 You think Russia created the Cyrillic or you really lack of knowledge. The answer is Ukrainian, Rusyn, Belarusian, Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Montenegrin and sometimes Bosnian.
@@JustforFun132a.k.aNickjackHero No, only you decide that I think something and text your conclusions, without even asking my true thoughts. Usually, people who prefer to be guided by logic don't make such things. I advise you to free your mind from prejudices, this will help you perceive the world directly and without far-fetched ideas about the knowledge or position of the people you judge, especially when you don't know them.
@@johngalt6931 Then learn other Slavic language and respect them. Don't be such lazy person.