It is crazy to see how far the channel has come. I can only imagine how much work you have put in. Both personally and on the channel itsself. I just wanted to let you know how much I appreciate everything you have done even if I do not know the half of it lol. Here is to the future both near and distant.
@SMHDragon Ball Super Ace of Spades he clearly is about as educated as a newborn when it comes to video editing and all of the related necceities when it comes to making good UA-cam content and even more ignorant of this specific channel. That is why I just laughed at his less than intelligent comment and did not bother to add more of a reply.
How the heck does Isaac produce these episodes? Does he simply have a massive database of cgi cosmic & hard sci-fi stock footage that he searches & edits in over the essay, or do he (or a team of vfx artists?) custom render each episode, reusing older previous clips as needed? I am very curious as to the entire production workflow, tbh. As I’m sure we all realize, this show has a production value light years above anything similar or most web series in general. I’m constantly awed not only by the depth of research & understanding communicated in each episode, but the pure aesthetic quality & attention to tone & detail. Would anyone else be interested in a meta behind-the-scenes episode? Sorry if this has all already be answered elsewhere - I’m just a bug fan of how well this show is made!
Albert Bokor Me too, but honestly it just makes it even better when you finally look at it, wether because your eyes have a second to spare or because you have the free time to actually watch an episode, and then you see all the fantastic designs and environments, and your mind is blown away by the majesty, alienness, or beauty of the visuals.
Timekeeping is an important issue whenever actions must take place on a strict schedule. The recent failure of Boeing's Starliner to rendezvous with the ISS happened because the clock in charge of timing the firing of the thrusters was incorrectly programmed, such that it believed that the time was 11 hours later than it really was. There's a speculation that someone in India, hired to do the coding for that clock, initialized its time reading by looking at a clock on the wall of his office. India is 165 degrees east of Florida. 165 degrees, divided by 15 degrees of Earth's rotation per hour, is 11 hours. _Hmmm._
Cosmic Landscape lmao India making there own rocket would use Indian coders not go to another country and then would not have that problem. Even tho I thought the problem in this case was because the time was taken from the wrong mission clock the one that had started 11 hours earlier when some of the systems had begun there countdown when the time should have been taken from the actual clock that starts at blastoff. So all clocks were correct just that someone had made that system look at the wrong clock
bro, greeks calculated their time based on the year of the first olympic games and how many games occured from the first to the last, which would still bring up every kind of problem since it would be basing your own time (assuming you hail from an exoplanet) on the time on earth
@@MadAtreides1 I think he's saying there will only be limited communication back with the homelands and that the colonies will be largely self sufficient and seek self-determination. (Which many of the Greek and Phoenician colonies did - Carthage and Syracuse, for example.)
Colony Ship Pilot: So you got any thing to keep you ocupied on our trip to Alpha Centuri? CS Co-Pilot: Yep gonna do some binge watching. CSP: Sounds good, what kind of stuff did you bring? CSCoP: Everything.
@@Roxor128 Interestingly enough, I once had a desire to know how much commercially made video existed in the world from the Lumiere Brothers to today, I calculated 1.65 million hours, and then changed my google search terms to find others had calculated somewhere between 1.7 and 1.8 million hours. Who knows, the difference between those values and mine might be a product of my not including sports and porn (or local news). In any event based on current compression technologies one could store the entirety of current human commercial video in 18.8 PB for both standard and high definition video (adding ultra high definition video depending on the codec takes us to 60 PB) add to that, my estimate for the total file size for all other digitizable media (books, magazines, newspapers, scholarly journals, music, audio recordings, and yes even video games) comes to 870 TB... a few exabytes may be unnecessary.
I would love to have "watches" that show 4 values: 1) local time (planet + timezone detected automatically from "local" network/GPS), 2) absolute time (calculated relativistic time from speed, should be same for everyone regardless how fast they're travelling), 3) your personal time (basically age), 4) circadian rhythm time (how long ago you slept and should sleep again, detected from your body)
SmartK8 I dont wanna sound condescending or anything, but i think you misunderstand how time behaves in relativity. There is no such thing as „absolute time“ or speed that everyone can agree on. That is exactly the core point of the theory of relativity.
No, there is not.. but you can choose some arbitrary (clever) point to be relative too and then add up all the velocities and calculate the "absolute" time. This is of course future, so the "watches" would detect the ship you're travelling on and relay its speed to you, its position in the galaxy/solar system to determine the speed you're travelling in and take it into an account while calculating the time. It would be mandatory to have these network services everywhere to determine your velocity. In this way the first value would run at a speed of 24h/day on Earth, or differently in different places (like Mars local time, or spaceship local time). The second one would be the same for everyone regardless the velocity you're travelling at (it would simply run faster and faster when nearing light speed). Your personal time would be in some unified age measurement (like Earth days) to have one absolute standard (so people can compare them reasonably). It would stay on your body so it would measure your experience regardless the velocity. Because you wouldn't be able to say I was born 2500 and thus in 2600 I'm 100 years old, because of relativistic speeds that might applied to you during your life. This value would show you your true age. The last one would be to counteract the fact there might be no day/night cycle in space or on some planets/moons/asteroids/etc. It might also counteract the time in hibernation (if it will exist) by some (at this point obviously unknown) calculation. It might be that when you wake up from hibernation it would be considered a sleep or it might be just considered a sleepless pause in time. So if you were 16 hours awake before hibernation you should probably go to sleep right after it. This would be taken into account by this clock (probably also detected externally or internally if possible).
Well, they do already exist on Earth. So it's not about want, but accepting reality. If they don't exist in the future, there will be none to choose of course.
@@SmartK8 They only exist in the minds of humans, so I can change their minds. There is NO REALITY in them at all, certainly none that I am forced to accept.
NASA made Mars watches so the rover team was working on Mars time. They altered their Earth schedules such as arriving at work at a different time everyday in order to stay on Mars time.
True. And the teams tried to work to Mars time (ie, they'd work the same Mars time-of-day, regardless of local time on Earth.) But they had trouble sticking to the 24hrs 37m day-length, over time they couldn't adjust. Which suggests that Martian colonists might have to be selected for a naturally longer body-clock.
"Battles may be fought centuries after a ceasefire " - Guess we got off lucky with the battle of New Orleans, that was fought only 2 weeks after a cease fire.
The "Shenandoah" a confederate privateer circumnavigated the world and set a most sailing ship sunk in a day record on the inside passage of Alaska about 6 months after Lee surrendered to Grant. They left most of the Nantucket whaling fleet in the waters as they calmly sailed away think the war was still underway.
Horology for small bodies and distances, e.g. the planets in the Solar System is interesting enough. This is mustard material. Very useful for a writer.
The whole mention of taxation differing based on local time in different systems has me thinking of how if the regular IRS is already scary, it would probably only get worse when they come after you with a fleet of relativistic warships...
They might not though. There is cost-benefit considerations in everything. In the world today, the rich and well connected can get away with things that most can't because they can afford an army of lawyers and have political benefactors. But when people are spread throughout star systems then even a rich man nearby is easier pickings than a regular joe light years away. I mean, what would they do to get you? Would they travel to your 'current' location? It's not current (unless if you are constantly staying in one place); they are always looking at the past!
Just remember, it isn't how much you earn, it is how much they let you keep. If everyone has a different time, you would probably change taxes to some kind of flat system that is collected immediately as opposed to yearly. We already have that kind of system in that they deduct from your paycheck ahead of time as opposed to you sending in a big check every year or quarter.
In Red Dwarf there is a bit about an electricity company having become the most powerful corporation in humanity's existence because Lister left a light on at home. It was sending a war fleet to collect the unpaid bill.
But the IRS has no jurisdiction outside the United States of America. Besides, if governments still exist by then, they probably would have moved to a paradigm not based on coercion.
It comes up time to time Sometimes when he makes up little stories as examples, they are fascinating. The kind of sci-fi ideas we need for movies or books. Where a science idea is the point of the book. Like the Arthur C. Clarke books!
I do think he could make good sci-fi, but as the king of long-form scientific UA-cam content I was thinking nonfiction -- like Physics of the Impossible or The Future of Humanity from physicist Michio Kaku. I own both of those and personally I think a book from Isaac would be even more interesting as he always has more to say on these topics than he can fit into the videos.
@@williamwhitt9857 I have those books and I think I enjoy these videos a lot more. Dr. Kaku just interviewed other scientists asking them about probable near future progress to make the book, but Isaac keeps thinking about-discussing much bigger scale things. I think a "half fiction" aka these ideas but told through a basic story would be amazing. Just like Arthur C Clarke. Not much character progression or big stories, more like exploring ideas similar to what Isaac Arthur discusses on this channel.
I suspect I will at least do a non-fiction book at some point but my format is video-essay and I'm not sure I should divert time from that to make a book
@@isaacarthurSFIA I'm very glad to hear that you're looking to write a nonfiction book one day! Seriously... Ecstatic. I'm no publicist, (so, grain of salt and all), but I think that considering your current format often has long-running series, you likely wouldn't need to even change format that much. The video part of video essay would be gone but several essays together can make for an excellent book. That being said, I totally understand the day is only 24 hours long and definitely won't fault you for wanting to keep your focus on your existing community and what they've come to love. If you are interested though, Sean Carroll's latest video (2019 holiday message) is a good rundown of the publishing process.
:) I think a lot of folks post right when the video comes out, I'm known to frequent the comments pretty actively in the first half hour after an episode debuts so it's best time to get a reply :)
@@isaacarthurSFIA As this episode shows a running time of 31:40, you need to set a timer so you come online when the first people would finish actually watching the video. If you monitor the first half hour, you are done before they can type! Assuming most people don't pause and comment...
@@isaacarthurSFIA Never going to happen for me. You post in the middle of the night (by my UTC+10 clocks) and I don't watch until lunchtime. The post this was a reply to was 11 hours old when I wrote this after watching the episode. This was one of the quicker ones. I often leave it until Saturday.
As long a dive been making videos, I want to sincerely thank u for not bogging you’re videos down with commercials. I watched another channel and their ten minute video had about ten minutes of commercials
Isaac, I have watched nearly all your videos and everyone is joy. I just wanted to thank you and the team for such amazing work over the past few years. This is my number 1 channel on UA-cam.
Thank you Isaac and team, I'm so glad I found your channel and appreciate all the work everyone has done to get it where it is today. Thanks again for the quality entertainment and I love you all and wish you the best of futures!
Could a pulsar be used for tracking "original" time? We pick a pulsar and start counting pulses on a specific moment. That counter is then updated by observation everywhere? Say you'd set off to Alpha Centauri at relativistic speeds. Time would slow down and presumably so would the counting. When you'd arrive you would have counted the pulses minus or plus those ones that were counted on earth, depending on whether you traveled away or towards the pulsar. Wouldn't "earth time" then simply be a function of counted pulses and relative difference in distance?
Well, so much for the standard candles then! Although it seems that this is entirely possible with millisecond pulsars : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsar_clock even tough there are "glitches".
Also you can't see a pulsar unless you are at the proper angle from it. So people in a different star system would likely not be able to see the same pulsars you can.
As far as i heard it's more precise than an atomic clock and it is suggested we will use pulsars and quasars too for navigation but how time will tie in, is just my guess but there are many studies and observations going on right now regarding this topic and to map the observable universe accordingly.
@@Senf71 Good point! But! -> This only applies for pulsars that are at 90º (or close) to the line made by the two solar systems [ if the beam of a pulsar comes from either direction of the "ship travel path" then it would be "the same" once you factor the distance ]. While a single pulsar is never gonna be precise and *RELIABLE* enough, a collection of dozens of hundreds of pulsars [the farther they are (still detectable), the better]; covering points in a "sphere" from all angles will ensure that a good chunk of them would still be visible on both your starting and destination. - - - - - While it is not practical for "a ship" to have one; if there is a MASSIVE ultra_deep_field microwave telescope [its components spread in a sphere pattern throught the Oort Cloud for cooling porpouses], placed on each colonized solar system; it could act like a GPS satelite giving the current "observed local CMB" values of the "re-ionization light horizon" that happened ~13 billon years ago [that should shift very slightly from one place in the universe to another]; with only a few days_light of distance from any populated place in the system to receive the "most up_to date" data for precise calibrations of internal atomic clocks.
Hey Isaac, just wanted to thank you for your videos, they are always so inspirational. Im currently reading the third book in the Revelation Space series as per your recommendation and it's a lot of fun to parallel the things you're talking about with things from the series. I was especially thinking about the conjoiners when you were discussing mind augmentation. Hope you had a nice Christmas and a good new year to come :)
Does it really matter? Each system needs some local form of time synchronization, sure, but beyond that do you really need precise timings? If a message takes years to arrive, do you really need to know to the nearest hour when it will get there? If it takes an extra day to respond, does it have any noticeable impact on the overall transmission duration? As long as your antennas are always listening, you probably won't need to sync up your clocks.
"Now in discussing life extension, I generally dismiss the idea of being bored. I'd need a few lifetimes just to get through the books on my pending reading list, during which I imagine that list would expand faster than I could read it." I'm like Isaac Arthur and CGP Grey. Running out of new things to do isn't as bad as never being able to do anything at all ever again, even to care or even realize you can't do anything ever again.
Comment about the Fermi paradox: Hello Isaac. I just watched an "It's okay to be smart" video where they are talking about the rocket equation. If the earth was 10-15% bigger, then there would be no way to escape the gravitational well we're in. It seems to follow that there could be older/advanced civilizations out there where they are on planets that just wouldn't let them get into space. That's never accounted for in the Fermi equation.
This question came up in the 1830's or early 1840's. It was addressed in a religious book called "The Pearl of Great Price". It is in Abraham 3:9 of that book. When I was a kid there was an educational TV show I think named "It's about time" with a King wanting to know when to start the official clock.
i cant even begin to imagine how smart you are & how much work you put into this for us to watch. I really appreciate it . This channel have given me so much knowledge its crazy. How can you make so many videos of different content ? The video work is amazing . Man idk how you do it. Congrats on your work . Rarely notice your speech impediment, after 2 mins. my niece will not talk to noone cause of her speech she is very insecure .we watch ur channel together she luvs u Good job .
Usually the content on this channel hold high quality but this is making a big deal of something that is a non problem. I was hoping for a discussion on relativistic effects and coordination, and instead it's just about differing calendar systems. If you know the time in any well-defined calendar system, you can convert to any other. Exactly how the interface works for that conversion or agreement on standards, is mundane. We already have a standard to derive the calendar times from which voids the need to pick a standard calendar - universal timestamps, simplying count the number of seconds from a reference time point. No need to even know about Sol or any stars for that matter. Just count the timestamp you have and keep adding one per second passed. If the empire hails from humanity, then all devices have an unbroken chain of direct physical connection and a common consistent reference time point can be propagated. The most interesting question here is how well relativistic effects could be counteracted (so there taking a step away from current universal timestamps) and in particular how inaccurate they will get on a galactic scale and the effects in turn.
What a episode to wrap up such a wonderful year. Thanks for all the wonderful content Isaac and team, teaching me more than I ever could imagine before each episode. I wish you a Happy New Year and that 2020 be a great year for you and the team.
Time dilation always makes me think of a simulation. The fact that the more stuff there is the slower time passes can't get over it. It's exactly what that space MMO does to handle larger numbers of people in a single area.
Time Travel is not possible, mainly because time doesn't actually work in a linear fashion like we perceive it; the past and future are merely observations of where you have moved and where we have moved from. Time Travel becomes ridiculous once you realize what is really happening. There is only the ever eternal present! (Awesome Video as always!)
Time is just our imaginary concept. I think that in far future there will be totally different math and physics and all these problems will be non existing. Hope Isaac will make another episode on time soon 😊
What I was thinking about was: what if a long ship had to perform a flip&burn at near light speed. Would that cause a time dilation gradient on the ship? If so, how would that effect things like comms, power, and circuits?
Warren R - The idea makes my brain feel mushy as it tries to imagine all the stretchiness that a body would undergo.... Maybe better to put an engine on each end so there is no need to “flip” eh?
Relative to the ship itself, its systems are stationary. Therefore they experience no relativistic effects internally. It's only an outside observer in a different frame-of-reference who sees weirdness on the ship. (Its length would appear to change and warp as it rotates, for example.)
A great video, no matter what time it is. I feel you on trying to catch up on the reading list, mine is also continually growing at a faster rate than I can keep up with.
One of my favourite sci-fi novel series, the Mars trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson, they resolved the 31 minute difference by incorporating a "time-slip": the clocks simply froze at 00:00:00 for 31 minutes, then finally ticked over to 00:00:01 at the same time the zulu clock on Earth did. They liked having that extra 31 minutes where time was paused :)
how do you make an age of someone with multiple minds, would it be the longest, the shortest, the actual age on the relative clock, all working at different relative rates, some being streamed back to the "main" mind(and possibly each other) every so often, also what of those copies who are only being stabilised as you by giving information of your mind to them... also how would this person be paid, and would it be all shared between the person, or would each copy have a different paycheck, this also makes good question into how would virtualised copies work... and would completely virtual people born of 2 "real" virtual people work, how would voting and stuff like that work, especially with time dilation... thinking is fun
for the time travel video, you could think of the time as another spatial dimension, it solves almost all the paradoxes, but comes with a problem: you really cant go to the past and see your great grand father, because he isnt, the universe just "moved" to the future and its different, so "conventional" future travel still might be possible by accelerating, but past travel would be impossible and going back in time would "only" be a completely new place, mabe another universe, mabe some isolated part of ours except for time travel (just another interpetation of the pevious one) or mabe just void and our universe is the only time with things (I dont be it very likely). I hope it gave you some ideas to put in the video. Thanks :D
When I was in high school I made a metric time unit that was equal to the time light in space traveled 1,000,000 km. It's 3.335646 seconds. It doesn't have a practical use, but I figured when people were living on different planets it could be a standard.
Now define a kilometre. (Hint: We define the metre in terms of the distance travelled by light in a second.) You'd be better keeping the current definition of second, but redefining distance around light-seconds (the distance light travels in 1sec.) 1 milli-lightsecond would be ~300km/180mi, 1 micro-lightsecond would be around 300m or nearly 1000ft.
Dang here I was on on intergalactic time, and forgot to add in local solar savings time, along with the planetary local time zone adjustment. And thus was sleeping when this was released.. The fun part is I almost remembered to adjust for the local galactic, gravity time lag..
@@2Potates I think a torch ship is a catch-all term for any ship capable of sustaining constant acceleration for long periods of time, if not indefinitely.
@@natehigman3987 So every ship? I think it is some made up bullshit people think is original. Basically every ship with Ion engine or similar thing does work that way. The relevant issue is efficiency, not acceleration.
@@brindlekintalesCan't say i'm the biggest fan of that site. It feels like they are telling me how to write thier scifi stories and anything else is shit. The writers there feel very reddit Rick and Morty fan tier if you ask me.
Besides Mars' colonists, Jovian moon colonists will also very likely create their own calendar and live on local time - using a synchronous calendar for the whole system. Why? Cause Galilean moons are in resonant orbits with each other, so it just makes a lot of sense to call half Io's orbit a 22 hour long day, and have an 8-day long week. That way they'd always know when Europa, Ganimede and/or Callisto are visible in the sky (and thus, communication with them is possible and sending/receiving stuff frow them is cheapest) just by remembering which day of the week it is. If they're using solar light for growing food, they also need to remember that the pro-Jupiter side and the anti-Jupiter one see the Sun on diff days
All those specifics about taxes and trading and timekeeping went over my head. But I think that was the point: this is all very, very, very confusing. On the other hand, this video, while being very confusing in its specifics (that was probably the point anyway), makes you think...a lot. Heck, every SFIA video does, but this video really strained your brain on how these problems could be figured out. How would these civilizations coordinate the most basic of events betweem systems? Yes, those basic events are mundane to those civilizations. But the way they have to keep time would be so mind-bogglingly astounding to us. And that is what makes it fun to think about. As the time ticks by as I'm typing this, remind yourself the Earth clock is ticking away...and we *definitely* don't want the Moon clock or the Mars clock ir the Neptunian clock or the Venetian clock to make it tricky to debate when we figured this exact problem out. :D Figure these issues out before all those clocks exist, preferably. :-)
There will be ai proxys that will make long distance communication lag free by simulating your responses based on it long history of knowing you. Also instead of clocks, countdowns will be the main form of time keeping in the future.
@@MadAtreides1 Cool, I'll check out his series. Present companies are actually working on these now though mostly for posting and replying in your place after you've passed away.
@@useodyseeorbitchute9450 Yep, sounds good. But then it would need to update you on the latest arguments and consolidate the best ones into ones worth updating your worldview with.
Galactic standard time: There is very bright class B star called S2 that orbits the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* every 16.0518 years. This star can be seen no matter where you are located in the galaxy and can be used to calibrate times for interstellar communications. It's periastron (closest approach), relative to a hypothetical observer at the barycenter of S2 and Sagittarius A*, can be considered the beginning of a new 16.0518 years era (or epoch). All observers at different locations in the galaxy can determine their distances from Sagittarius A* and therefore calculate when S2 is at periastron relative to that hypothetical observer (and not the apparent orbital position of S2 from the observer's light-lagged perspective).
Hopefully in the future there will not be primitive concepts such as wages, overtime, and taxation. Getting there is going to take a lot of time and effort, though. Quantum computing (if viable) likely will solve some of the computation issues, at least.
I think the simplest solution would be to use something like the unix timestamp from the pov of the CMB, and then just train people to use it. Thinking about time in CMB-relative epoch seconds, kiloseconds, megaseconds etc. is the one method that is transferable across all reference frames.
15:40 - "Though your own clock on a ship would say it was March 5th, since you lost about 9 days to Einstein at that point." Not sure if this was intentional or not, but since we're talking about birthdays here, "you lost about 9 days to Einstein" is quite fitting since Einstein's birthday was actually on March 14, 9 days after March 5.
Regarding time, some form of universal constant is needed. Pulsar was mentioned here, and issues in its use. Multiple pulsars as beacons perhaps could work? Maybe instead, use different triangulated objects within the observable universe. From Earth we can predict when and where an object will be in the future, whether a planet or galaxy. Using multiple objects unrelated to one another then a constant timeline construct could be used as a reference point. Think about the five local galaxy groups. A ship would operate on local time, and reference Earth time as well, a bit like UTC now. The ship’s computer from observation fixings could then retrograde Earth time.
I've been thinking about these issues re: Venus. Its rotation is really slow, but no one is going to be living on the surface anyway, at least not in the near to mid future. If you do have people living in the clouds at around 50km altitude, where the temperature and pressure are manageable, they're going to drift with the wind. The wind at that altitude blows around 360 kilometers/hr in the mid-latitudes, in the same direction as the planet's retrograde rotation. So, the exact length of a "day" would depend on whether you just wanted to drift or if you wanted to fly with the wind. If you just drift you'll have days and nights but they'll be over four times as long as Earth standard. Still too slow to be convenient for human circadian rhythms, but at least the nights aren't 59 days long, like they are at the surface.
I'm a little surprised that you didn't mention time and navigation. All that it takes is a minor timekeeping error (due to speed or an unexpected gravity anomaly or simple computer glitch) and you miss your destination completely (or smack into something else early).
Happy New Decade. Thank you for your hard work. Final comment of 2019 to all hard working professional astronomers - Maybe its Aliens? - Maybe.... just maybe...
To commemorate the year 2020 and the TV show Sealab: 2020 (which gave me hopefuls visions of the future back in the 1970s), could you discuss how well the predictions in that cartoon worked out so ironically sometime this coming year? Maybe in relation to your hopes your own visions will be more accurate than theirs?
I think one standard people might use to compare measurements of time in different solar systems could be the plank time as the plank time is something that doesn't depend on anything on Earth but is a fundamental constant of the universe.
It is crazy to see how far the channel has come. I can only imagine how much work you have put in. Both personally and on the channel itsself. I just wanted to let you know how much I appreciate everything you have done even if I do not know the half of it lol.
Here is to the future both near and distant.
Seriously, what an amazing journey it has been, thank you Isaac Arthur
@@Styrofo4m LMAO
Cornlips 4, thanks for saying what we all are thinking!
Isaac Arthur, you hurt my brain so good!
Mesophyl, Nope! Without Isaac Arthur’s unadulterated voice it will lack credibility! :-)
@SMHDragon Ball Super Ace of Spades he clearly is about as educated as a newborn when it comes to video editing and all of the related necceities when it comes to making good UA-cam content and even more ignorant of this specific channel.
That is why I just laughed at his less than intelligent comment and did not bother to add more of a reply.
How the heck does Isaac produce these episodes? Does he simply have a massive database of cgi cosmic & hard sci-fi stock footage that he searches & edits in over the essay, or do he (or a team of vfx artists?) custom render each episode, reusing older previous clips as needed? I am very curious as to the entire production workflow, tbh. As I’m sure we all realize, this show has a production value light years above anything similar or most web series in general. I’m constantly awed not only by the depth of research & understanding communicated in each episode, but the pure aesthetic quality & attention to tone & detail. Would anyone else be interested in a meta behind-the-scenes episode? Sorry if this has all already be answered elsewhere - I’m just a bug fan of how well this show is made!
He has a team, credits in the description and at the end.
The most ironic thing about it is that I usually just listen to them...
Albert Bokor Me too, but honestly it just makes it even better when you finally look at it, wether because your eyes have a second to spare or because you have the free time to actually watch an episode, and then you see all the fantastic designs and environments, and your mind is blown away by the majesty, alienness, or beauty of the visuals.
*enters low orbit around a black hole*
"Okay, we can watch a new Isaac Arthur video every day now."
haahahahha yeeet
The real reason we should colonise black holes😁 That and for Ask a Spaceman videos!
Could the information travvel fast enough to you location in the black hole? with time dilation??
Timekeeping is an important issue whenever actions must take place on a strict schedule. The recent failure of Boeing's Starliner to rendezvous with the ISS happened because the clock in charge of timing the firing of the thrusters was incorrectly programmed, such that it believed that the time was 11 hours later than it really was. There's a speculation that someone in India, hired to do the coding for that clock, initialized its time reading by looking at a clock on the wall of his office. India is 165 degrees east of Florida. 165 degrees, divided by 15 degrees of Earth's rotation per hour, is 11 hours. _Hmmm._
Man imagine costing millions of dollars because you were too lazy to look at the time in the place you’re coding for
@@ladyathenaofowls They probably forgot that the Earth is round.
Oopsie!
...The costs of saving money?
Cosmic Landscape lmao India making there own rocket would use Indian coders not go to another country and then would not have that problem. Even tho I thought the problem in this case was because the time was taken from the wrong mission clock the one that had started 11 hours earlier when some of the systems had begun there countdown when the time should have been taken from the actual clock that starts at blastoff. So all clocks were correct just that someone had made that system look at the wrong clock
Space colonization would probably be more akin to the Phoenician and Greek colonies of ancient times and less akin to the United States or EU
bro, greeks calculated their time based on the year of the first olympic games and how many games occured from the first to the last, which would still bring up every kind of problem since it would be basing your own time (assuming you hail from an exoplanet) on the time on earth
@@MadAtreides1 I think he's saying there will only be limited communication back with the homelands and that the colonies will be largely self sufficient and seek self-determination. (Which many of the Greek and Phoenician colonies did - Carthage and Syracuse, for example.)
Honestly i hope we bring back togas or whatever as well
Like some sort of Star League?
Or more like the Micronesian and Melanesian sea peoples of the Pacific.
Colony Ship Pilot: So you got any thing to keep you ocupied on our trip to Alpha Centuri?
CS Co-Pilot: Yep gonna do some binge watching.
CSP: Sounds good, what kind of stuff did you bring?
CSCoP: Everything.
And what did it cost you? :D
Just play Sid Meyer's Alpha Centauri, that way you can write off your playing time as job training for tax purposes.
What happens when you run out of pron?
@@theghostofpatrickhenry4516 Disk is cheap. Just bring a few exabytes and the trip will be over before you run out.
@@Roxor128 Interestingly enough, I once had a desire to know how much commercially made video existed in the world from the Lumiere Brothers to today, I calculated 1.65 million hours, and then changed my google search terms to find others had calculated somewhere between 1.7 and 1.8 million hours. Who knows, the difference between those values and mine might be a product of my not including sports and porn (or local news). In any event based on current compression technologies one could store the entirety of current human commercial video in 18.8 PB for both standard and high definition video (adding ultra high definition video depending on the codec takes us to 60 PB) add to that, my estimate for the total file size for all other digitizable media (books, magazines, newspapers, scholarly journals, music, audio recordings, and yes even video games) comes to 870 TB... a few exabytes may be unnecessary.
I would love to have "watches" that show 4 values: 1) local time (planet + timezone detected automatically from "local" network/GPS), 2) absolute time (calculated relativistic time from speed, should be same for everyone regardless how fast they're travelling), 3) your personal time (basically age), 4) circadian rhythm time (how long ago you slept and should sleep again, detected from your body)
SmartK8
I dont wanna sound condescending or anything, but i think you misunderstand how time behaves in relativity.
There is no such thing as „absolute time“ or speed that everyone can agree on. That is exactly the core point of the theory of relativity.
No, there is not.. but you can choose some arbitrary (clever) point to be relative too and then add up all the velocities and calculate the "absolute" time. This is of course future, so the "watches" would detect the ship you're travelling on and relay its speed to you, its position in the galaxy/solar system to determine the speed you're travelling in and take it into an account while calculating the time. It would be mandatory to have these network services everywhere to determine your velocity. In this way the first value would run at a speed of 24h/day on Earth, or differently in different places (like Mars local time, or spaceship local time). The second one would be the same for everyone regardless the velocity you're travelling at (it would simply run faster and faster when nearing light speed). Your personal time would be in some unified age measurement (like Earth days) to have one absolute standard (so people can compare them reasonably). It would stay on your body so it would measure your experience regardless the velocity. Because you wouldn't be able to say I was born 2500 and thus in 2600 I'm 100 years old, because of relativistic speeds that might applied to you during your life. This value would show you your true age. The last one would be to counteract the fact there might be no day/night cycle in space or on some planets/moons/asteroids/etc. It might also counteract the time in hibernation (if it will exist) by some (at this point obviously unknown) calculation. It might be that when you wake up from hibernation it would be considered a sleep or it might be just considered a sleepless pause in time. So if you were 16 hours awake before hibernation you should probably go to sleep right after it. This would be taken into account by this clock (probably also detected externally or internally if possible).
Timezone? Why would anyone want those?
Well, they do already exist on Earth. So it's not about want, but accepting reality. If they don't exist in the future, there will be none to choose of course.
@@SmartK8 They only exist in the minds of humans, so I can change their minds. There is NO REALITY in them at all, certainly none that I am forced to accept.
Love the new animations. Congrats on a great year for the channel Arthur and team.
"It's just so quick that you don't notice thre lag much."
Clearly you don't play enough fast paced online games with people in Korea.
"Coffee! The original Life Extension Technology"
Good grief how much i love this channel
raezad I’ve always called it, “Coffee, the original energy drink!”
"He's spending the year dead for tax reasons."
Mecha Bezos ca. 3460 AD
Goals.
"No Taxation Without Respiration"
Hey if commander shepherd can do it i can do it to
Gag halfroont?
NASA made Mars watches so the rover team was working on Mars time. They altered their Earth schedules such as arriving at work at a different time everyday in order to stay on Mars time.
Makes sense . Good post
There are apps for that. But a watch would be cool.
Pretty cool, never knew that, but it makes so much sense I'm surprised I never thought of that.
Wrist watches are for lasers, as any Bond fan can tell you.
True. And the teams tried to work to Mars time (ie, they'd work the same Mars time-of-day, regardless of local time on Earth.) But they had trouble sticking to the 24hrs 37m day-length, over time they couldn't adjust. Which suggests that Martian colonists might have to be selected for a naturally longer body-clock.
"Battles may be fought centuries after a ceasefire " - Guess we got off lucky with the battle of New Orleans, that was fought only 2 weeks after a cease fire.
It occurred to me that we might go back to the time when messages took a long time to travel.
The "Shenandoah" a confederate privateer circumnavigated the world and set a most sailing ship sunk in a day record on the inside passage of Alaska about 6 months after Lee surrendered to Grant. They left most of the Nantucket whaling fleet in the waters as they calmly sailed away think the war was still underway.
Horology for small bodies and distances, e.g. the planets in the Solar System is interesting enough. This is mustard material. Very useful for a writer.
Sipi Kannio
No shame in that.
Everyone’s gotta earn a living.
The whole mention of taxation differing based on local time in different systems has me thinking of how if the regular IRS is already scary, it would probably only get worse when they come after you with a fleet of relativistic warships...
They might not though. There is cost-benefit considerations in everything. In the world today, the rich and well connected can get away with things that most can't because they can afford an army of lawyers and have political benefactors. But when people are spread throughout star systems then even a rich man nearby is easier pickings than a regular joe light years away. I mean, what would they do to get you? Would they travel to your 'current' location? It's not current (unless if you are constantly staying in one place); they are always looking at the past!
Alexander Norman “Death and taxes”
Just remember, it isn't how much you earn, it is how much they let you keep. If everyone has a different time, you would probably change taxes to some kind of flat system that is collected immediately as opposed to yearly. We already have that kind of system in that they deduct from your paycheck ahead of time as opposed to you sending in a big check every year or quarter.
In Red Dwarf there is a bit about an electricity company having become the most powerful corporation in humanity's existence because Lister left a light on at home. It was sending a war fleet to collect the unpaid bill.
But the IRS has no jurisdiction outside the United States of America. Besides, if governments still exist by then, they probably would have moved to a paradigm not based on coercion.
Time is really weird. You could even call it the strangest thing in THE WORLD!
Good grief...
IS THAT A JOJO REFERENCE?!
/whap Marco Lu for excessive Jojo referencing
Dear Isaac, please write a book. Please put it on audible. I will buy copies for everyone I know. :)
It comes up time to time
Sometimes when he makes up little stories as examples, they are fascinating.
The kind of sci-fi ideas we need for movies or books. Where a science idea is the point of the book. Like the Arthur C. Clarke books!
I do think he could make good sci-fi, but as the king of long-form scientific UA-cam content I was thinking nonfiction -- like Physics of the Impossible or The Future of Humanity from physicist Michio Kaku. I own both of those and personally I think a book from Isaac would be even more interesting as he always has more to say on these topics than he can fit into the videos.
@@williamwhitt9857 I have those books and I think I enjoy these videos a lot more. Dr. Kaku just interviewed other scientists asking them about probable near future progress to make the book, but Isaac keeps thinking about-discussing much bigger scale things.
I think a "half fiction" aka these ideas but told through a basic story would be amazing.
Just like Arthur C Clarke. Not much character progression or big stories, more like exploring ideas similar to what Isaac Arthur discusses on this channel.
I suspect I will at least do a non-fiction book at some point but my format is video-essay and I'm not sure I should divert time from that to make a book
@@isaacarthurSFIA I'm very glad to hear that you're looking to write a nonfiction book one day! Seriously... Ecstatic. I'm no publicist, (so, grain of salt and all), but I think that considering your current format often has long-running series, you likely wouldn't need to even change format that much. The video part of video essay would be gone but several essays together can make for an excellent book. That being said, I totally understand the day is only 24 hours long and definitely won't fault you for wanting to keep your focus on your existing community and what they've come to love. If you are interested though, Sean Carroll's latest video (2019 holiday message) is a good rundown of the publishing process.
I swear... you guys must have sent the comments before the video come out... or I've been moving near light speed unknowingly.
:) I think a lot of folks post right when the video comes out, I'm known to frequent the comments pretty actively in the first half hour after an episode debuts so it's best time to get a reply :)
@@isaacarthurSFIA You don't say.... btw, Happy Holidays!
@@isaacarthurSFIA As this episode shows a running time of 31:40, you need to set a timer so you come online when the first people would finish actually watching the video. If you monitor the first half hour, you are done before they can type! Assuming most people don't pause and comment...
@@isaacarthurSFIA Never going to happen for me. You post in the middle of the night (by my UTC+10 clocks) and I don't watch until lunchtime. The post this was a reply to was 11 hours old when I wrote this after watching the episode. This was one of the quicker ones. I often leave it until Saturday.
Isaac Arthur you’re a legend to keep your schedule even during the week of Christmas
As long a dive been making videos, I want to sincerely thank u for not bogging you’re videos down with commercials. I watched another channel and their ten minute video had about ten minutes of commercials
"I'm doing 1000 calculations per second and they're *all wrong*"
Big brain reference
Isaac, I have watched nearly all your videos and everyone is joy. I just wanted to thank you and the team for such amazing work over the past few years. This is my number 1 channel on UA-cam.
Last time I was this early people still believed in ether theory.
...oh wait.
Thank you Isaac and team, I'm so glad I found your channel and appreciate all the work everyone has done to get it where it is today. Thanks again for the quality entertainment and I love you all and wish you the best of futures!
Could a pulsar be used for tracking "original" time? We pick a pulsar and start counting pulses on a specific moment. That counter is then updated by observation everywhere? Say you'd set off to Alpha Centauri at relativistic speeds. Time would slow down and presumably so would the counting. When you'd arrive you would have counted the pulses minus or plus those ones that were counted on earth, depending on whether you traveled away or towards the pulsar. Wouldn't "earth time" then simply be a function of counted pulses and relative difference in distance?
Well, so much for the standard candles then!
Although it seems that this is entirely possible with millisecond pulsars : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsar_clock even tough there are "glitches".
that was my thought too, but good to see explain why not.
Also you can't see a pulsar unless you are at the proper angle from it. So people in a different star system would likely not be able to see the same pulsars you can.
As far as i heard it's more precise than an atomic clock and it is suggested we will use pulsars and quasars too for navigation but how time will tie in, is just my guess but there are many studies and observations going on right now regarding this topic and to map the observable universe accordingly.
@@Senf71 Good point!
But! -> This only applies for pulsars that are at 90º (or close) to the line made by the two solar systems [ if the beam of a pulsar comes from either direction of the "ship travel path" then it would be "the same" once you factor the distance ].
While a single pulsar is never gonna be precise and *RELIABLE* enough, a collection of dozens of hundreds of pulsars [the farther they are (still detectable), the better]; covering points in a "sphere" from all angles will ensure that a good chunk of them would still be visible on both your starting and destination.
- - - - -
While it is not practical for "a ship" to have one; if there is a MASSIVE ultra_deep_field microwave telescope [its components spread in a sphere pattern throught the Oort Cloud for cooling porpouses], placed on each colonized solar system; it could act like a GPS satelite giving the current "observed local CMB" values of the "re-ionization light horizon" that happened ~13 billon years ago [that should shift very slightly from one place in the universe to another]; with only a few days_light of distance from any populated place in the system to receive the "most up_to date" data for precise calibrations of internal atomic clocks.
I hope you and all your team have a great Christmas and a better new year. Thank you for all the entertainment you have provided in 2019.
never been this early before...
*kettle boiling noises*
Fridge door noises
Great video. Merry Christmas!
Hey Isaac, just wanted to thank you for your videos, they are always so inspirational. Im currently reading the third book in the Revelation Space series as per your recommendation and it's a lot of fun to parallel the things you're talking about with things from the series. I was especially thinking about the conjoiners when you were discussing mind augmentation. Hope you had a nice Christmas and a good new year to come :)
Probably my favorite channel on the internet. Thank you for the stories, Isaac, Happy Holidays!
This was a great episode and something often overlooked for the sake of simplicity in so many sci-fi universes.
Does it really matter? Each system needs some local form of time synchronization, sure, but beyond that do you really need precise timings? If a message takes years to arrive, do you really need to know to the nearest hour when it will get there? If it takes an extra day to respond, does it have any noticeable impact on the overall transmission duration? As long as your antennas are always listening, you probably won't need to sync up your clocks.
WOOHOO! ITS ARTHURSDAY!
When I was a kid and my dad was in Egypt during 1991 conflict, a phone call did have a distinct lag
I love this channel! Best part of my Thursday!! You the man Isaac! I’ve learned so much from you over the years. Thank You Isaac : )
Whoa! You have officially blown my mind. That is a lot to think about just on the subject of time in space. Thanks!
Great video for today . Day late ... but MERRY CHRISTMAS Isac and I know you will give us the best for the NEW YEAR!
"Now in discussing life extension, I generally dismiss the idea of being bored. I'd need a few lifetimes just to get through the books on my pending reading list, during which I imagine that list would expand faster than I could read it."
I'm like Isaac Arthur and CGP Grey.
Running out of new things to do isn't as bad as never being able to do anything at all ever again, even to care or even realize you can't do anything ever again.
Comment about the Fermi paradox: Hello Isaac. I just watched an "It's okay to be smart" video where they are talking about the rocket equation. If the earth was 10-15% bigger, then there would be no way to escape the gravitational well we're in. It seems to follow that there could be older/advanced civilizations out there where they are on planets that just wouldn't let them get into space. That's never accounted for in the Fermi equation.
Hoo boy. Imagine running into one of them...
This question came up in the 1830's or early 1840's. It was addressed in a religious book called "The Pearl of Great Price". It is in Abraham 3:9 of that book. When I was a kid there was an educational TV show I think named "It's about time" with a King wanting to know when to start the official clock.
A video that is so much work and brilliance done, highly educational!
i cant even begin to imagine how smart you are & how much work you put into this for us to watch. I really appreciate it . This channel have given me so much knowledge its crazy. How can you make so many videos of different content ? The video work is amazing . Man idk how you do it. Congrats on your work . Rarely notice your speech impediment, after 2 mins. my niece will not talk to noone cause of her speech she is very insecure .we watch ur channel together she luvs u Good job .
Usually the content on this channel hold high quality but this is making a big deal of something that is a non problem. I was hoping for a discussion on relativistic effects and coordination, and instead it's just about differing calendar systems. If you know the time in any well-defined calendar system, you can convert to any other. Exactly how the interface works for that conversion or agreement on standards, is mundane. We already have a standard to derive the calendar times from which voids the need to pick a standard calendar - universal timestamps, simplying count the number of seconds from a reference time point. No need to even know about Sol or any stars for that matter. Just count the timestamp you have and keep adding one per second passed. If the empire hails from humanity, then all devices have an unbroken chain of direct physical connection and a common consistent reference time point can be propagated. The most interesting question here is how well relativistic effects could be counteracted (so there taking a step away from current universal timestamps) and in particular how inaccurate they will get on a galactic scale and the effects in turn.
What a episode to wrap up such a wonderful year. Thanks for all the wonderful content Isaac and team, teaching me more than I ever could imagine before each episode.
I wish you a Happy New Year and that 2020 be a great year for you and the team.
I'm sure 2020 will be the best year ever! 😊
Happy belated Isaac Newton Birthday!!
Time dilation always makes me think of a simulation. The fact that the more stuff there is the slower time passes can't get over it. It's exactly what that space MMO does to handle larger numbers of people in a single area.
Time Travel is not possible, mainly because time doesn't actually work in a linear fashion like we perceive it; the past and future are merely observations of where you have moved and where we have moved from. Time Travel becomes ridiculous once you realize what is really happening. There is only the ever eternal present! (Awesome Video as always!)
Time is just our imaginary concept. I think that in far future there will be totally different math and physics and all these problems will be non existing. Hope Isaac will make another episode on time soon 😊
A day late, but I hope you and your team had a Merry Christmas Isaac, and thanks for all the interesting videos.
Woo perfect timing! I was running out of things to watch.
I thought it was odd i didn't get a notification so searched for this. UA-cam let me down once again.
You keep my mind focused on the amazing possibilities and not as much at the sad reality
What I was thinking about was: what if a long ship had to perform a flip&burn at near light speed. Would that cause a time dilation gradient on the ship? If so, how would that effect things like comms, power, and circuits?
Wait so if you’re moving at the speed of light and need to send a power signal from the back to the front of the ship would you not be able to?
Warren R - The idea makes my brain feel mushy as it tries to imagine all the stretchiness that a body would undergo.... Maybe better to put an engine on each end so there is no need to “flip” eh?
Relative to the ship itself, its systems are stationary. Therefore they experience no relativistic effects internally. It's only an outside observer in a different frame-of-reference who sees weirdness on the ship. (Its length would appear to change and warp as it rotates, for example.)
Looking forward to the next year of SFIA :)
Yeah, the Time Travel episode is also gonna have to deal with FTL, paradoxes, censorship, or prohibition. Looking forward to it.
Keeping time between each SFIA episode is already enough of a challange lol
this episode is the best gift i for for Christmas
A great video, no matter what time it is. I feel you on trying to catch up on the reading list, mine is also continually growing at a faster rate than I can keep up with.
So, I have never gotten anything done in a 'jiffy', not even close. Thanks for the definition, made my day.
Another brilliant concept video, these make my week.
One of my favourite sci-fi novel series, the Mars trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson, they resolved the 31 minute difference by incorporating a "time-slip": the clocks simply froze at 00:00:00 for 31 minutes, then finally ticked over to 00:00:01 at the same time the zulu clock on Earth did. They liked having that extra 31 minutes where time was paused :)
how do you make an age of someone with multiple minds, would it be the longest, the shortest, the actual age on the relative clock, all working at different relative rates, some being streamed back to the "main" mind(and possibly each other) every so often, also what of those copies who are only being stabilised as you by giving information of your mind to them...
also how would this person be paid, and would it be all shared between the person, or would each copy have a different paycheck, this also makes good question into how would virtualised copies work... and would completely virtual people born of 2 "real" virtual people work, how would voting and stuff like that work, especially with time dilation...
thinking is fun
"someone with multiple minds", like my GF? They get together a quorum - some parts will be absent or busy, and make a decision.
for the time travel video, you could think of the time as another spatial dimension, it solves almost all the paradoxes, but comes with a problem:
you really cant go to the past and see your great grand father, because he isnt, the universe just "moved" to the future and its different, so "conventional" future travel still might be possible by accelerating, but past travel would be impossible and going back in time would "only" be a completely new place, mabe another universe, mabe some isolated part of ours except for time travel (just another interpetation of the pevious one) or mabe just void and our universe is the only time with things (I dont be it very likely). I hope it gave you some ideas to put in the video.
Thanks :D
Another great video Isaac Arthur.
5 sessions already? Here's to many more Arthursdays!
When I was in high school I made a metric time unit that was equal to the time light in space traveled 1,000,000 km. It's 3.335646 seconds. It doesn't have a practical use, but I figured when people were living on different planets it could be a standard.
Please, please don't get time involved in the clusterfuck of weird units we already have. Please.
@@Havazik Isn't a second defined through oscillations of some atom, and then meter is derived from the definition of the speed of light?
@@bottlekruiser sorry, you're quite right! I was getting my derivations backwards
Now define a kilometre. (Hint: We define the metre in terms of the distance travelled by light in a second.)
You'd be better keeping the current definition of second, but redefining distance around light-seconds (the distance light travels in 1sec.)
1 milli-lightsecond would be ~300km/180mi, 1 micro-lightsecond would be around 300m or nearly 1000ft.
@@1FatLittleMonkey yes, now, but this was before the 1984 Geneva Conference on Weights and Measures.
Perfect start to my day... Happy Holidays, Sir. 🍻
'Dude's dead for a year for tax purposes.'
Straight out of H2G2.
Dang here I was on on intergalactic time, and forgot to add in local solar savings time, along with the planetary local time zone adjustment. And thus was sleeping when this was released.. The fun part is I almost remembered to adjust for the local galactic, gravity time lag..
I totally agree about immortality and boredom. There are so many books/films/hobbies/etc., regardless of what you find interesting!
Please do a video on torch ships
I have no idea what those are so i agree.
@@2Potates I think a torch ship is a catch-all term for any ship capable of sustaining constant acceleration for long periods of time, if not indefinitely.
@@natehigman3987 So every ship? I think it is some made up bullshit people think is original. Basically every ship with Ion engine or similar thing does work that way. The relevant issue is efficiency, not acceleration.
50 years to anywhere in the universe with 1g acceleration and deceleration.
@@brindlekintalesCan't say i'm the biggest fan of that site. It feels like they are telling me how to write thier scifi stories and anything else is shit. The writers there feel very reddit Rick and Morty fan tier if you ask me.
Besides Mars' colonists, Jovian moon colonists will also very likely create their own calendar and live on local time - using a synchronous calendar for the whole system. Why? Cause Galilean moons are in resonant orbits with each other, so it just makes a lot of sense to call half Io's orbit a 22 hour long day, and have an 8-day long week. That way they'd always know when Europa, Ganimede and/or Callisto are visible in the sky (and thus, communication with them is possible and sending/receiving stuff frow them is cheapest) just by remembering which day of the week it is. If they're using solar light for growing food, they also need to remember that the pro-Jupiter side and the anti-Jupiter one see the Sun on diff days
All those specifics about taxes and trading and timekeeping went over my head. But I think that was the point: this is all very, very, very confusing. On the other hand, this video, while being very confusing in its specifics (that was probably the point anyway), makes you think...a lot. Heck, every SFIA video does, but this video really strained your brain on how these problems could be figured out. How would these civilizations coordinate the most basic of events betweem systems? Yes, those basic events are mundane to those civilizations. But the way they have to keep time would be so mind-bogglingly astounding to us. And that is what makes it fun to think about. As the time ticks by as I'm typing this, remind yourself the Earth clock is ticking away...and we *definitely* don't want the Moon clock or the Mars clock ir the Neptunian clock or the Venetian clock to make it tricky to debate when we figured this exact problem out. :D Figure these issues out before all those clocks exist, preferably. :-)
There will be ai proxys that will make long distance communication lag free by simulating your responses based on it long history of knowing you. Also instead of clocks, countdowns will be the main form of time keeping in the future.
Iain Banks already put those "intelligent holograms" in his Culture cycle, they were called "emissarial projections"
@@MadAtreides1 OK I'll read it! Now everyone can stop referencing it everywhere I go. ;o)
@@MadAtreides1 Cool, I'll check out his series. Present companies are actually working on these now though mostly for posting and replying in your place after you've passed away.
So would my chatbots quarrel with your chatbots about politics, so we could save some same time? :D
@@useodyseeorbitchute9450 Yep, sounds good. But then it would need to update you on the latest arguments and consolidate the best ones into ones worth updating your worldview with.
Best way to spend a lazy afternoon after eating that Christmas meal :D
Damn I love Issac Arthur so much, sir I bow to you.
Happy new year Arthur!
Galactic standard time: There is very bright class B star called S2 that orbits the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* every 16.0518 years. This star can be seen no matter where you are located in the galaxy and can be used to calibrate times for interstellar communications. It's periastron (closest approach), relative to a hypothetical observer at the barycenter of S2 and Sagittarius A*, can be considered the beginning of a new 16.0518 years era (or epoch). All observers at different locations in the galaxy can determine their distances from Sagittarius A* and therefore calculate when S2 is at periastron relative to that hypothetical observer (and not the apparent orbital position of S2 from the observer's light-lagged perspective).
so excited for this one!
Happy new year Mr Arthur.
Hopefully in the future there will not be primitive concepts such as wages, overtime, and taxation. Getting there is going to take a lot of time and effort, though. Quantum computing (if viable) likely will solve some of the computation issues, at least.
I think the simplest solution would be to use something like the unix timestamp from the pov of the CMB, and then just train people to use it. Thinking about time in CMB-relative epoch seconds, kiloseconds, megaseconds etc. is the one method that is transferable across all reference frames.
One of the best video, congratulations!
This is one of the benefits of rotating spacestead habitats, you could make the day length and year length whatever you want it to be.
Arthur, It would be interesting to investigate the Mayan Calendar and compare/contrast.
This 2020 - 2200 example is hard to follow, but worth it. Even if you need to sketch it & check the numbers
I repeat. Merry Arthur's day.
15:40 - "Though your own clock on a ship would say it was March 5th, since you lost about 9 days to Einstein at that point."
Not sure if this was intentional or not, but since we're talking about birthdays here, "you lost about 9 days to Einstein" is quite fitting since Einstein's birthday was actually on March 14, 9 days after March 5.
Great video and man... What a headache. I'd say this topic is a bit like trying to untangle a box full of Christmas lights. Haha
Regarding time, some form of universal constant is needed. Pulsar was mentioned here, and issues in its use. Multiple pulsars as beacons perhaps could work? Maybe instead, use different triangulated objects within the observable universe.
From Earth we can predict when and where an object will be in the future, whether a planet or galaxy. Using multiple objects unrelated to one another then a constant timeline construct could be used as a reference point. Think about the five local galaxy groups.
A ship would operate on local time, and reference Earth time as well, a bit like UTC now. The ship’s computer from observation fixings could then retrograde Earth time.
I've been thinking about these issues re: Venus. Its rotation is really slow, but no one is going to be living on the surface anyway, at least not in the near to mid future. If you do have people living in the clouds at around 50km altitude, where the temperature and pressure are manageable, they're going to drift with the wind. The wind at that altitude blows around 360 kilometers/hr in the mid-latitudes, in the same direction as the planet's retrograde rotation. So, the exact length of a "day" would depend on whether you just wanted to drift or if you wanted to fly with the wind. If you just drift you'll have days and nights but they'll be over four times as long as Earth standard. Still too slow to be convenient for human circadian rhythms, but at least the nights aren't 59 days long, like they are at the surface.
Please keep making videos forever
How will our concept of time evolve with future advances and expansion?
Only time will tell...
23:43 well there it is, my new favorite stock space video
A lawyer's dream and an accountant's nightmare.
I'm a little surprised that you didn't mention time and navigation. All that it takes is a minor timekeeping error (due to speed or an unexpected gravity anomaly or simple computer glitch) and you miss your destination completely (or smack into something else early).
Another awesome video.
Sleeping one hour less allows me to experience 23 more days in a year? Wow, what amazing things I could do with all that extra time!
Happy New Decade. Thank you for your hard work.
Final comment of 2019 to all hard working professional astronomers - Maybe its Aliens? - Maybe.... just maybe...
To commemorate the year 2020 and the TV show Sealab: 2020 (which gave me hopefuls visions of the future back in the 1970s), could you discuss how well the predictions in that cartoon worked out so ironically sometime this coming year? Maybe in relation to your hopes your own visions will be more accurate than theirs?
I think one standard people might use to compare measurements of time in different solar systems could be the plank time as the plank time is something that doesn't depend on anything on Earth but is a fundamental constant of the universe.