Sir William Wallace

Sir William Wallace Memorial.
William Wallace is a historical figure from Scotland, most famously known for leading the resistance against English rule during the late 13th century. Here are some key points about him:
- **Early Life**: Wallace was born around 1270 in Elderslie, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Little is known about his early life, but he was of minor nobility.
- **First Rising**: Wallace's rebellion against English rule began in earnest after the execution of his wife by English soldiers, although historical records on this are scant and often romanticized.
- **Battle of Stirling Bridge (1297)**: This was Wallace's most famous victory. He led a Scottish army to defeat a larger English force, using the terrain to his advantage. The battle significantly boosted the morale of the Scottish resistance.
- **Guardian of Scotland**: Following his victory, Wallace was appointed as one of the Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland. However, his rule was short-lived due to internal divisions among the Scottish nobility.
- **Battle of Falkirk (1298)**: Wallace's forces were decisively defeated by King Edward I of England, who used heavy cavalry and archers effectively against the Scottish schiltrons (formations of pikemen). This defeat led to Wallace resigning his guardianship.
- **Later Years and Capture**: After Falkirk, Wallace continued guerrilla warfare but eventually went into hiding. He was betrayed and captured in 1305 near Glasgow.
- **Trial and Execution**: Wallace was taken to London, where he was tried for treason, though he could not legally be a traitor since he never swore allegiance to Edward I. He was executed in a particularly brutal manner, being hanged, drawn, and quartered.
- **Legacy**: William Wallace became a symbol of Scottish patriotism. His story was popularized in the 19th century by Blind Harry's epic poem "The Wallace" and more recently by the film "Braveheart" (1995), directed by and starring Mel Gibson, although the film takes significant liberties with historical accuracy.
- **Cultural Impact**: Wallace's legend has inspired numerous works of literature, film, and even national pride. His name is often invoked in discussions of Scottish independence and identity.
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