Turning Lemons into Acetone and Chloroform
Вставка
- Опубліковано 25 чер 2024
- In this video I turn some lemons into chloroform and acetone, while also making some of the worst mistakes in my chemistry career.
If you liked the video please consider liking and subscribing to my channel :)
If you want to support my work here's my patreon - / amateurchemistry
Some corrections over the video noticed by my viewers: To make the 20% sodium hydroxide solution i would need less of the hydroxide, so the concentration is incorrect. The reaction of sulfuric acid with potassium permanganate can produce manganese heptoxide which is very dangerous, and instead of sulfuric acid other acid should be used.
Also, excuse me for my poor speaking, in the case that you don't understand something there are always subtiles made by me.
Instagram - / amateurchemistry_
TikTok - / amateur.chemistry
0:00 Intro
1:35 Extracting citric acid from lemons
13:00 Turning citric acid into acetone
17:35 Turning acetone into chloroform
18:50 The acetone lamp experiment
20:20 Outro
#chemistry
#experiment
#chloroform
I love all these new chemistry channels popping off recently doing the coolest and most unhinged shit ever in the highest production quality possible.
you should be able to make acetone from most fruits just by letting it ferment for a while and turn the sugar into acetic acid which can be converted to acetone quite easely
From sugar to acetic acid via ethanol, and then via its calcium salt to acetone. Is it that what you meant? 🤔
I'm quite interested in the idea of using a culture of Clostridium acetobutylicum (genetically altered to overexpress the required enzymes) and using it to produce acetone by fermentation.
The most difficult way to obtain acetone? Probably! Interesting? Definitely!
@@experimental_chemistry yea, the acetate salt to acetone is a bit of a pain but the rest is basically just dumping some half rotting fruits in a barrel and waiting
@@wooy1701
Some yeast will help to speed it up.
@@EddieTheH I once had a Smell of Acetone in a longer fermentation experiment, but unfortunaltely I wasn't able to make a culture out of it, but yes - I think it is a very interesting way to Acetone and can possibly even be cheaper than destilling Calcium Acetate. I am also interested in such a culture. Anyone knows where to get one?
Okay. That Polish lemon tree made me laugh far more than it should have.
A textbook definition of convinient, or just the luck of being at right place at the right time, don't know, would need more experimentation...
A 20% solution of NaOH is not prepared by mixing 20g with 100g of water, but with 80g of water.
🤓👆
Resulting extremely terrible pickup line: "Excuse me, miss; does this chloroform smell like lemons to you?"
Remember always put acid on the water, not the other way or you can cause spills
Spills can be one of the lesser concerns, depending on the acid you are using 😂
@@johndeaux8815*wild hydrofluoric acid related trauma appears * 😂
I’ve found that an easy way to filter pasty precipitates is to get an old juicer and line the strainer on the inside with filter paper. Spinning the liquid through the filter paper is surprisingly effective…
Man discovers centrifugal filtration
It makes me really happy that yet another Polish UA-camr decided to produce content in English! :) Great video, wish you the best of luck. Greetings from Zachodniopomorskie. ;)
Correct me if I'm mistaken, but this process could have been streamlined by first filtering the juice, then adding excess calcium hydroxide, waiting for it to react, then filter off tri-calcium citrate precipitate with left-over calcium hydroxide. Conversion back to CaCl2 and citric acid accomplished with HCl, then excess water boiled away, so citric acid precipitates to be filtered off.
If you ever return to this experiment, you could save and dry the lemon peels/solids and extract the limonene using the acetone or chloroform made from the citrate.
I don't remember if I saw this in someone else's video on this same process or if it's my own intuition, but I think the idea of going with the NaOH intermediate is that you get to raise the pH while keeping the citrate soluble. Other random crap that goes insoluble at high pH can then be separated from the desired citrate.
If you went with Ca(OH)2 directly, you'd crash out all those other randomcraponium ions too. And besides, Ca(OH)2 is not all that soluble anyway, so you might not be able to drive the precipitation very far, if at all. CaCl2 in contrast is phenomenally soluble, so you can completely spam the liquid phase with Ca²⁺ ions to properly drive the precipitation to near completion.
@Nuovoswiss , What?!
@Nuovoswiss, You are right. The process can be shorter. First, filtering the pressed juice. Second, boiling the juice until the citric acid remains.
@@MarianLuca-rz5kk Not true, doing only that will leave a bunch of other water-soluble stuff from the lemons (sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, etc)
Cool. I remember discovering this process when I tried googling for decarboxylation products of citric acid. There was just this one old paper that described it. There were also two intermediate products mentioned (including acetoacetate, I think?). When I eyeballed some permanganate and added it to citric, the solution slowly began discolouring and with light heating it started fizzing quite like soda would. I was definitely smelling acetone too.
You'd think something like that would be a classic demonstration in a course of organic chem. I like that reaction.
Man it should be a classic demonstration 🪧
Mad lad used YELLOW starting material. True bravery!
I'm reminded of that old saying... "When life gives you lemons, make chloroform."
just discovered your channel and it's great! Keep it up)
How did this man know I needed more Acetone AND Chloroform?
You can also use titanium or lead cathodes to reduce CO2 into acetate or methanol depending on a few factors
Nice, now my chloroform smells like lemons.
Love this video!
Also, any native speaker of English who has a problem with your diction needs to make a video in Polish at least as comprehensible to native speakers of Polish before making their first comment about yours.
Thanks for such a positive comment! For a few months now I have been trying to improve my English skills, and it is nice to hear that native English speakes can understand me pretty well :)
I don’t see a single comment of people having problem with his English
Amazing job well done how are you
Thanks! I am great :)
@@Amateur.Chemistry good to hear amazing job great work what do you use to get this notes
@@thomasvanwyk I don't know exactly what you mean, but if it is about the chemical equations i use a program called chemdraw.
@@Amateur.Chemistry yes thank you i am studying chemistry but i don't know what programs to use
This videos idea seems to be successful! 👍
That looks pretty familiar to me 😉 - thanks for recommending my channel! 🤗
Lemon fruit particles can be removed best by pressing the juice throught a clean kitchen towel - or by using a centrifuge.
Instead of buying bigger beakers you can also use smaller batches... 😉
100 ml water is 20 ml to much to obtain a 20 % caustic soda solution with 20 g of sodium hydroxide. With 80 ml water and 20 g NaOH you will get 100 g of the solution needed. If you want to get 100 ml of it you have to take in account the density of the solution which is much higher than the one of water.
Isn't the use of conc. sulfuric acid banned in Poland (=EU), too? 👨✈️
My citrate solution didn't smell like pee. Maybe that's because of your strange kind of lemon tree... 😁 (Did cats p*ss on you old Christmas tree? 🤢)
And maybe the formed acetone dissolved parts of your improvised setup (duct tape, silicon hose...) and that's why your product smelled wiered.. You really need more ground joint glassware - or at least some pierced rubber stoppers and glass tubing...
Thanks for such a detailed comment! When it comes to the sulfuric acid i know that it is banned, but i used a comercially available drain cleaner, and not to make some illegal stuff but for extraction citric acid.
Also i know that i need to get new glassware, and for the next videos i will try to buy some.
@@Amateur.Chemistry
Here in Germany a private individual might get some big problems if the police finds some leftover draincleaner or battery acid with more than 15 % H2SO4 in his house (up to 3 years of jail!). All old stocks had to be used up, diluted or disposed until 01.02.2022. The same with nitric acid more conc. than 3 %, hydrogen peroxide 12 %, alkali (per)chlorates 40 %, nitro methane and ammonium nitrate 16 %. That's (stupid) European law. No inventory protection anymore. The sale is already forbidden since 01.02.2021 (otherwise 5 years of prison for the seller!). Exceptions only for business or institutional uses.
@@experimental_chemistry Yeah, it's pretty bad out here.. One day we won't be allowed any chemicals at all, because 'you can make xyz out of it after 35 reaction steps' and need a licence for table salt so we can cook with it. I want to cry myself to sleep every night..Absolutely horrendous laws designed to undermine our freedom just because terrorists and drug manufacturers have it too easy? And how would that help exactly? Terrorists would find a way anyway if they are committed or just rent a truck again. Or is renting a truck gonna be illegal soon too? And newsflash, it's far easier to buy drugs online than chemicals. And it's not like I got my money back from the government for all the chemicals I had to dispose of. That shit was expensive..
@@Amateur.Chemistry you can get used and NOS glasswear quite cheaply in poland
@@thefalseshepherd3689😄 Thanks, corrected now. I hate the auto-complete function of my smartphone... 🙄
Nice job! I really love the improvisations caused by lacking some glassware (I'm in the same boat here, still using mom's jars since proffesional glass stuff is expensive in Poland haha!).
I'm trying to learn some glassworking skills for my own needs, but if I actually "get good" in the next few months / years I could definitely share some with you if I make spares :D
Thanks! Its nice to hear that not only I have to use some improvised glassware, and if you would make some of your own glassware and would want to share it with me i would really appreciate that :)
0:22 your stick man has no arms.🤣🤣☠️
Me at the club
*”why did you shove that acetone smelling rag in my face”
Me sweating nervously
*um, you had some fingernail polish on your nose
Awesome video. Filtering calcium salts is terrible, I'd rather work with ammonia or chlorine gasses than deal with those filtrations.
Thanks! Its good to see that not only I hate these filtrations so much :)
ammonia's a basterd, the line between no smell and singing your nosehairs is way to thin
Best way to filter off insoluble calcium salts is to wait until the gelatenous mass has broken down into a crystalline one, and then doing a normal gravity filtration or a vacuum filtration using a glass sinter funnel. By using a Buchner funnel too many fine particles will make it through - unless you have to filter an already pasty mass of calcium sulfate, for which a Buchner funnel and vacuum on the contrary are the means of choice.
It's important to clean the sinter funnel with hydrochloric acid afterwards. Never use sulfuric acid for this after a calcium salt solution went through or filter CaSO4 with this kind of funnel, because it will clock the sintered plate forever...
@@experimental_chemistry good idea. Yeah, gotta clean the frit properly depending on what you've been filtering.
@@experimental_chemistry Funny you should mention that about cleaning the frit with H2SO4, I learned that one quite painfully. It was two months and about £50 in HCl and H2O2 before I finally gave up and binned it!!!
This is Amazing! INSTANT SUBSCRIBE🌻 keep it up!
Lemonade that will remove fingernail polish, while knocking you unconcious.
Well Done! Honestly, your content is entertaining and is underrated.
But I wonder if acetone can be made from only things from your backyard. Probably too difficult. Right? 🤔
Thanks! If you have some experience and little bit of glassware you can definitely make some acetone if you try hard enough :)
The calcium acetate route should work for backyard-only acetone.
When life gives you lemon you make life drink the lemonade and you bring life to your home, and you have your way with life.
H2SO4+2KMnO4 -> Mn2O7+H2O+K2SO4
Manganese heptoxide can be formed by the dehydration of permanganate. I would use a non dehydrating acid next time for safety. Very good video though, thank you for making it.
Edit-
Even though it would quickly be converted to permanganate through equilibrium, still could be dangerous if the conditions are right.
Thanks for pointing that out, next time i will be more careful about the acid I choose :)
Dont worry, his won't happen with the dill. H2SO4 prepared here.
it would be great if you could provide the link to whatever paper you followed
You're awesome!
Thanks!
This channel is on par with nile red and nurdrage (did he ever finish his malaria drug project?) Defiantly recommend and I hope it gets enough $ to make $5,000 cookies and diamond soda.
When life gives you a lemon
Make a combustible lemon
Someone donate some glass to this man!
If the pan is made of aluminum and it has scratches through the Teflon coat the sodium hydroxide will react with the aluminum. My wife has destroyed several pans doing this. After I showed here how oil grease can be dissolved with caustic everything from then on got the caustic treatment 😅.
Citric acid into acetone then make chloform. Low yield that too bad. You learned from it. I am subscribing quite cool!
That woukd be amazing if you could include the amounts of chemicals you use in each step so students and teachers can repeat it themselves
Heavy accent but perfect English. Almost make me wish I did a CE instead of EE. Fun times!
Get diatomaceous earth for filtering. Thank me later. Just mix a bit with your solvent and pour it ontop of your paper filter, ideally with vacuum on. Then proceed to filter your product.
You can convert citric acid into chloroform/bromoform in a single step. Have yourself sodium hypochlorite solution, and dissolve there some potassium bromide. It is important to have both hypochlorite and hypobromite in the same solution. Then you acidify it with citric acid. It'll get immediately cloudy and the sweet odor of bromoform, chloroform will emanate. On their own, neither hypobromite nor hypochlorite upon acidification do the trick and oxidize citric acid. My hypothesis is that upon acidification, both bromine and chlorine are released, which react with each other immediately and produce an even stronger oxidizing agent, which is bromine monochloride, which does the trick
Might be worth investing in a small bench centrifuge to spin down to insoluble pulp ( if you do something like this again! ).
You could also destructively distill sodium or calcium citrate to make acetone!
Why not buy powdered citric acid?
Filtering the lemon juice before adding the Sodium Hydroxide is the best option, gets rid of the chunks of pulp and makes the rest of the reaction and future handling much easier.
interesting precipitation/ purification method of citric acid from pure lemon juice.
3:06 You're using a weight/volume calculation. The weight/weight (w/w) percentage of the solution would be approximately 16.67%. This is calculated by taking the mass of the NaOH (20 grams), dividing it by the total mass of the solution (20 grams NaOH + 100 grams water = 120 grams), and then multiplying by 100 to convert to a percentage.
4:10 Swimming pools don't smell of anything. You mean: a swimming pool that bathers have peed in lol.
amazing job
thanks, but please don't copy me.
😂I don't copy u bro
@@Amateur.Chemistry but I love the way u explain
@@React.X you have the same pfp
amazing job
how hard is it to order solvents and chemicals in Poland?
@Amateur Chemistry I wonder how salicin can be extracted from willow tree bark and then converted into salicylic acid. I´ve tried to find some documents about it but they aren´t so clear about a good procedure. Would you find interesting doing a video on that?
Thanks for this suggestion, a video about that would be very interesting. I could potentially figure out a way to convert tree bark into aspirin, and other interesting compounds, so in a few months I will propably start working on that.
@@Amateur.Chemistry I suggest the following to any chem youtubers.
Start working on the 100 most important medicines needed for a society. Do the easy non prescription ones first.
I would love to see an amateur make Cholecalciferol from Lanolin. An adult can do with 72mg in one year (200ug per day) for a reasonable dose.
Loved that UA-cam certified lab safety smell test
blowing the vacuum with a fan is more effective than placing it in the refrigerator.
Que legal, apesar da trabalheira toda. Vou tentar fazer isso com meus alunos.
How much citric acid does a student contain?
01:35 Do the lemons on the tree have to be stolen before, to become "polish"
i refrain from using jars for chemistry after having one in a warm bath and having the bottom part of the glass shear off from the thermal difference and dump all my reaction into the bath and vaporize it, not as dumb as it sounds as the jars get to 212f all the time when you jar with them... but the difference in temp did it in. (two weeks of chemical induced asthma later, (the doc gave me neb treatment and an inhaler). safe to say i learned my lesson. was high school since fair that year 😂
wow that what it means chemistry
After seeing all that I'd be inclined to just go out and buy the chemicals. Why did you not just start with citric acid out of a packet? Given all the other chemicals needed it would be easier to at least begin with citric acid out of a packet. An interesting expt. though. Given that potassium permanganate is basically an oxidant, why not use hydrogem peroxide?
Life in jars 😢
If jar chemistry is good enough for professor of Liptakov, it should be good enough for anyone.
And here I was thinking that he’s going to turn all that lemons into limonene and into acetone 😂
Algo parecido se me ocurrió hace un año y es que me di cuenta que el ácido cítrico podría convertirse en 2-propanol por descarboxilacion
Now show us how to preform isotope seperation with peanutbutter
Didn't Hydraulic Press Channel already have a juicer 5,000 or was it 5,000,000?
I would just go to hardware store and get acetone. His voice makes the show don't make he's stuff who knows what it is.and then he pulls out the touch!
*DEA places lemons on their watchlist*
you should side up with prussian blue
Somebody get this guy a 1000ml beaker!
Oh cool, combustible lemons
I extracted 10 lemons and turn them into lemonade and sipping my lemonade, I visited a nearest grocery store and bought a acetone bottle for $3. that was the fastest conversion and I will upload the video soon in the future. 😂😂
Using conical flask for vacuum filtering looks kinda cursed, if you ask me. (Ofc if its not the büchner flask)
4:09 love to hear it 💀💀💀
I've been working with lemons for years.
La cacerola esta hecha de aluminio qué reaccionó con el exceso de hidróxido de sodio, por eso las burbujas.
Should have made Cave Johnson's famous Combustable Lemons (THEY'LL BURN YOUR HOUSE DOWN!)
For some reason, Citric acid with potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid under strong heating, with acetone vaporizing out
Sounds like an explosion hazard
Now only the variation "From egg shells to iodoform" is still missing... 😉
How to make Scopolamine ❔
That's pretty cool but did anyone think it was funny that he washed the lemon for this
Now make lemons with acetone 😂
When life gives you lemons! 🤷🏻♂️😏 🤣🤣👍
There is very little citric acid in lemos, it is ascorbic acid!!
Centrifuge 😀
Calcium sulfate is drywall. Gypsum.
MATE, PLEASE FIX YOUR BROKEN SUBTITLES
if you have subtitles, you better not have them all in one block on the first second of the video, but have them actually WORK
when life gives you lemons the lemons take your life
فعلا انت رائع تم اشتراك ❤
I like your accent
Why not decant calcium citrate much as possible and then make a vacuum filtration? i think it would help you save time for filtration. anyway.. I didnt know youre polish :D
pozdroweczki :)
Don't show this video to Cave Johnson :P
10:30 *wlewa wodę do kwasu*
Gościu xDDDD
przyjrzyj się :)
Kwas do wody *
I bet you can just heat the Calcium citrate and distill the acetone... Would be nice if you could try :)
I like this chennel good.and making video .unsaturated resin plz.
9:24 If that looks like pee to you, you should definitely hydrate more
17:34 Russian guy lol) это был не хлороформ, а мистер сидр... Hello from Russia and good luck
4:10 watch out, that's chloramine, dont breathe it
How would chloramine be made here 🤔
Polish Nilered
No, he is unique.
Is that you ?? 17:26
No, it is just a clip of some random russian guy sniffing chloroform :)
Naoh+Al=bubbles
Didn't know how to makes acetone but knew how to turn it into chloroform
I guess I was a smart druggy in highschool but a stupid one at the same time
I’d hate to be inrujed by this experiment
Combustible lemon products.