The Complete History of Alcohol
Вставка
- Опубліковано 17 бер 2017
- Humanity's 9,000-year history of drinking alcohol.
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Main information source: on.natgeo.com/2iEFOpF
Video by Bryce Plank and Robin West
Music:
Ambitions by Glimpse (TDC Remix): / glimpse_official
Midnight Memories by Glimpse
George Street Shuffle by Kevin MacLeod: incompetech.com/
Inner Journey by Audionautix: audionautix.com/
Voyer by Jingle Punks: UA-cam Music Library
Script:
Alcohol. We began drinking it long before we even knew how to write. It's one of the most universally available, widely used - and commonly abused - chemical substances in human history.
This is the 9,000 year history of alcohol.
We’ve been using basic chemistry to make the stuff for thousands of years, but our primate ancestors first enjoyed its benefits millions of years ago.
See, when fruit falls to the forest floor and begins to decompose it produces a substance with a strong smell called ethanol, making it easier for apes to find. Ethanol also helps apes with digestion and allows them to fight off microbes that would otherwise make them sick.
This process of apes seeking out rotting fruit began to really ramp up 10 million years ago. That’s when a mutation of the ADH4 gene in African apes allowed them to suddenly begin digesting ethanol 40 times faster than before.
Ethanol is the least toxic type of alcohol and the only one used in beverages. As a chemical substance, ethanol is incredibly versatile. It has been recognized and mass-produced for thousands of years as a detectable indicator of food spoilage, a life-saving disinfectant, a beverage prized by the masses and perfected by connoisseurs. But it’s also powerfully addictive.
It’s made by yeasts-microscopic, single celled organisms. Yeasts consume sugar and convert it into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process is called fermentation.
It’s unclear exactly when our species learned to master this process, but we probably stumbled upon the feel good effects of fermentation just like our ape ancestors-by accident. There is still a lot we don't know about the brain effects of alcohol and how exactly it does what it does--but we do know it influences several major neurochemicals implicated in pleasure, motivation, inhibition and reward.
The earliest traceable instance of deliberate fermentation occurred 9,000 years ago when the Chinese were making a kind of wine from rice, honey, and fruit. Scientists confirmed this by analysing ancient chemical residues found at an archaeological site in Jiahu.
Around this time corn was domesticated. The harvesting of grapes began 1,000 years later.
In 5,400 B.C. we see the first evidence of wine production at Hajji Firuz in the Zagros Mountains of Iran.
Alcohol appears in Europe for the first time in Scotland 6,500 years ago.
Barley was first produced in Godin Tepe, Iran, an ancient Sumerian fortress that would later become a major stop along the legendary Silk Road trade route.
While some fermentation ideas obviously spread around, it seems like alcoholic beverages, just like the agriculture they were based on, were invented independently many times throughout human history on every continent, except Antarctica. And just about every plant containing some starch or sugar has been fermented for our enjoyment including agave, apples, birch tree sap, bananas, cocoa, cassavas, corn, cacti, berries, rice, potatoes, palms, pineapples, pumpkins, and persimmons.
In fact, the early benefits to fermentation were primarily nutritional. In ancient societies was a dietary staple-like an enriched liquid bread that provided calories and essential vitamins, while delivering hydration in a more sterile way than water even could. The fact that it got you buzzed was just a bonus.
For decades, anthropologists have debated whether the production of and other alcoholic drinks was actually the primary reason for the Neolithic - or agricultural - revolution: the period in history when we transitioned from being wandering nomads to living a fixed, agriculture-based lifestyle.
It’s sort of a chicken vs the egg question, which was most vital for the development of civilization: or bread?
The best argument that was the prime motivator may be the first large-scale brewing and winemaking operations that emerged in Mesopotamia and Egypt 5,000 years ago. It’s no coincidence that the construction of over 100 enormous pyramids - the greatest structures in ancient history - were built right alongside the creation of the first large-scale production breweries. All that hard work - thousands of people each burning thousands of calories a day - had only just become possible with the introduction of the most efficient method for delivering nutrients to our bodies up to that point: . - Розваги
2:13
"Alcohol appeared in Europe for the first time in Scotland."
Of course.
Iraninan made alcohol not yurop in first time Persian made it and forever read about mohamad ibn razi then comment here thank you for best regard.... 😁😃😎
@@hussienmohamad3069 yeah and then your backwards religion banned it lol
1:30 - 1:32 Isn't it funny how majority of the time, the things we discover are always by accident?. It's just so interesting and crazy at times, to think that we "stumbled" across it by mere chance. . . . It even makes you think and wonder, exactly what have we not, by chance, accidentally stumbled across?
We all been alcoholics for our entire dna existence
Iranians made alcoholic beverages discovered alcohol ,perfected their bevrages, and banned it -_-
They ban most of good things.
@@Wiktorino1984 FACTS
@Row Kah Islam didn't exist by the time.
Wow I didnt even know that was possible, are there underground pubs? Or is it just too dangerous to even try to drink?
I mean when we did that(usa) the country almost collapsed in on itself.
My freaking dad is a zombie, every day my dad drinks, my whole family is begging him to stop.
Did he stop?
Source of hydration? Doesn't alcohol cause dehydration?
Only in excessive consumption.
Yes, your right, but beer has about 6% alcohol and the rest water and nutrition.
My best guess is if it has more than 35% alcohol or a more than a 1 to 3 ratio alcohol to water than its dehydrating
Thrill Seeker, what you just said suggests that you can't get dehydrated from drinking beer, which is totally wrong.
Beer doesn't dehydrate you, however, stronger liquids do.
What the video didn't mention was that beer only used have around 2 % alcohol in it. Hence, it was quite hard to get drunk and receive hangovers the next day.
Beer does dehydrate you. If i drink 1L of beer it will cause me to produce more than 1L of urine as alcohol is a diuretic. The weaker the beverage the less potent this effect. My understanding is that beer from back in the day was extremely week to the point the diuretic effect was negligible.
Surprised my comment made your vid! Thank you and keep up the good work with your awesome videos!
Thanks for being part of the conversation, Alex!
Watching this as I’m drinking a modelo
Modello time?
I think you what time it is ...
Olde E here.
Seven litres per year....tel me about a slow week 😂😂😂
Thanks been looking everywhere for a doc about history of alcohol.
How do I license this doc for my new multiplatform network please?
When I was looking up TDC, this is not the channel I was looking for : D
The oldest-known winery was discovered in the "Areni-1" cave in Vayots Dzor, Armenia. Dated to c. 4100 BC, the site contained a wine press, fermentation vats, jars, and cups. Archaeologists also found V. vinifera seeds and vines.
Source : Wikipedia
thank you for your fantastic videos:)
best history vid, I seen in a long time
this kind of video is what makes you great. I am glad i subscribed.
:) I'm glad you subscribed too!
haha, I still remember the time when you just have 1000 subscriber, you have come far.
Very informative, thank you.
Plz do a video on the history of meth.
Riley Freeman yuck gtfo
@@hsanc72598???
Why the desoxyn hate?
@@hsanc72598 you sound like a little girl lmao "yuckie", dont get bullied too much in 3rd grade now mnnkay.
And when I was in a younger age I thought beer was a created method from Ireland.
interesting how drinks from history show us so much about the past.
Just as porn helps rid us of evil by ejaculating it out en force
Alcoholic drinks do not hydrate - they dehydrate. Ethanol is diuretic, thus causing an increase of urine output, thus causing a net loss of water. Remember the old line said on exiting the bathroom "You can't buy beer, you can only rent it" :-)
TheTwick
yeah, but beer doesn't have enough alcohol to remove more liquid than it gives you. this was probably even more the case when cork hadn't been invented and wine wasn't as strong.
Emil Aaltonen You may be right. I don't have any studies comparing the total water intake vs water loss (due to urination). I was "shooting from the hip" to see if anyone knew the facts. Thanks for your comments. What you say is quite plausible.
TheTwick
no problem, glad to help.
beer only considerably dehydrates you when you stop drinking it and withdrawal sets in, as long as you stay on a binge your body continues to accept it as hydration and avoids the purge stage that occurs in withdrawn state
The beer he's referring to would have had a much lower alchoholic content if you look into it so the diurectic effects would be lessened.
I start every mornin' with a nice cuppa beer
What's your go-to brew?
Because your an alcoholic.
best part of it is that your not addicted..
like my dad..
33 Precise no you are an alcoholic if you can’t go with out it, day drinking is stigmatized there’s not anything truly wrong with it
Can anyone send to me a tapescript
It's inaccurate for you to use a CRISPR animation at 0:45 to describe the ADH4 mutation. It was most definately not CRISPR that made that mutation in our ancestors.
good catch
Gracias por la información.
Awesome!
There is no alcoholics borned into this world and it's really painful end for people who wish to be alcoholics or are physically addicted from fuel
Aren't we all "physically addicted to food"? More or less....
Without food, we'd die.
I need it. Too much, I'd also die.
😂 🤷♂️ 🍻
Most people don't know about beer being used in ancient Egypt as a payment. Or primates using alcohol prehistoricly.
Check out my alcohol shows like Booze History Season 2
Razi, the Persian polymath, discovered the alcohol. The name al-cohol is an Arabic name because this was the language of science back then.
They drank beer in ancient egypt? The worst thing i could imagine is having a warm beer in the middle of daylight..
Who’s drunk watching this?
Me
Firs distillation took place in Middle East not Italy
Fantastic job! I have a similar video about the history of marijuana.
🥰marijuana
please share the link ...
@@Vchevy lol k. ... Me too
Why did you leave out ancient India completely not even a word? 3000 BC ancient booze called sura was produced for recreational consumption and medicine. Seems like a pretty important part of the 9000 year history. Hemp was also fermented in ancient India. I did my undergrad in anthropology
I drank some beer earlier.
Nice!
The Daily Conversation wut
I bet it was rather a kvass type of a drink rather than an alcoholic beverage
Basically a drug
Yup, the most widely abused drug on the planet.
What's not a drug?
楊欣翰 Like coffee or cygarettes
why "abused" ? it's used exactly as it's intended to be used. to get hammered. o_O so how is it "abused"?
Only when alcohol is abused I think it is a drug
Mead, you say?
*Aproves in scandinavian*
it makes sense
this world is very unique
Can you make this video in Spanish?
who watched this video while they were bleeding because their stupid sisters dumbed glass on their feet and cant find anything to clean it?
Wtf
5:47 These days everybody just drinks dirty water
Although I do like to drink but I'm actually a bigger weed guy
How to manage slaves building the Pyramids? Happy Hour with Beer!
I was thinking is russia who invited beer
No mention on how the Aztec Drowned brewers in their own brews as punishment for making low quality beer? 1/10 would not watch again.
It's not exactly true that ethanol is the only alcohol "used in" beverages. First, that makes it sound like an additive, rather than an inherent part of making the drink. Second, fermentation also results in the production of a small amount of methanol. You get a bit of it when you drink wine -- not enough to be harmful, just perhaps enough to give you a headache.
With distilled beverages it's a different matter. It's very important that the "heads" of the distillate be discarded, since this will be primarily methanol and if left in the final product will be concentrated enough to be harmful.
Whoever invented wine I thank them.
I think it's the Chinese or the Persians or the Georgians or Armenians or whatever the hell it is
Nobody invented wine. It existed far before writing system
Sumer civilization invented beer and white wine
Its arabic name
i drink beer everyday....to honor my ancestors of course
ethanol is great for beer, NOT FUEL! (just a note)
Do one on weed.
Some statements made here stink of blog soruces.
I love Shrek.
I like joe
KoЯn was domesticated? Idk, they sound pretty undomesticated to me...
Alcohol - The Propagator of Human Civilization
Ancient Sumerian clay tablets contain the first recipes for beer, Sumeria is in Iraq not Iran.
@Pharaoh Just do a google search on "Sumerian beer recipe tablet" or "Beer in ancient Mesopotamia" and I'm sure you'll get a few results.
@ϥⲣⲁⲟⲛ Sumerian made beer before Egyptians.
@ϥⲣⲁⲟⲛ In Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq), early evidence of beer is a 3,900-year-old Sumerian poem honoring Ninkasi, the patron goddess of brewing, which contains the oldest surviving beer recipe, describing the production of beer from barley via bread.
your video's are so loud.
Ape ancestors lol yea right... GOD✊🏾
Chris Georgia amen brotha
Im drinking beer right now
Vodka vodka vodka vodka vodka vodka!!!
i thought beer dehydrates you?
it does... Alcohol takes some life important things from you, as example salt and water
@@AppleLauda_destroyer99942 XD JUST LIKE WATER WITH NO MINERALS BTW, that's why drinking 3l of water a day will make u look like a raisin at old age
Alcohol invented by Zakarya razi
I love to drink
water is the best way to hydrate. Not beer, wine, or vodka. Campaign is an exception.
Nowadays it is. Back when water was dirty and usually containing bacteria, it was not better.
this is why i base my personal theology on only the worship of Dionysus and Bacchus. The only true 'gods' that got us through this debacle that is basically pushing forward our own personal DNA to the future. Eat, drink, and be merry, fore tomorrow comes more shite we have to deal with, then we die 🍻🍻🍷🍷🍾😛🤪😝😈
well as i know first oldest wine was 8000 years ago.. In georgia...
second...
beer is hydrating if you are dehydrated enough
So we have to thank Muslim alchemists for distilled liquor
Well, the people who live in now majority Islamic countries, yes. (Muslim) Islam the religion is only about 1,400 years old.
David Harrison Muslim is a new religion they didn't she distilled liquor.
David Harrison nonesense like this does not deserve so many likes
Revenger 211 Egyptians were not Arabs back then.
MChannel80 no one had a specific language back then, yime changes bud...
Iran?! Wow who would've known... lol
Yep. That's why I was surprised. I was born in Iran. It's sad to see Darius's Empire that was built on freedom become a country that its government suppresses's its own people.
Pedram go and read about the iranian founder of alcohol zakaria-al-razi
white wash
If you aren't overeating and getting blackout drunk every single day of the week, then you aren't living your life and I feel sorry for you!!
Ummm...
Drinking is nice from time to time. But me thinks your methods are bit too excessive.
You know you aren't enjoy your life when you start drinking, let be honest. Most alcohol drink start drink when they feel down and to cope with their miserable life.
who ever discovered alcohol should go to hell.
the Muslim world do not drink :D nice, look at the map. 5:39
Abdi Mustafa I like the dark areas of the map
Alexis Rios haha.. darkness for dark mind