Dear Paul + your esteemed audience, First of all, many sincere thanks for your collective efforts! You attempt to explain Gibbs Free Energy. You begin by using three spontaneous reactions to explain how a change in enthalpy, entropy and temperature can affect the free energy of a system. You then apply this concept to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. ...sounds terrific, but even big scientific research workers' brains had and still have to stumble herewith... In fact, Prof. Gibbs had learned what ENTROPY exactly IS while attending chemical thermodynamics lectures by Prof. Horstmann in Heidelberg, whereas Prof. Horstmann was one of the very students of Prof. Clausius. Prof. Gibbs was duly heading for the proper embodiment of the Clausius-Horstmann ideas (in fact, Carnot-Clausius-Horstmann ideas, to be correct!), but he had not enough time for accomplishing this, to our sincere regret... Dr. George Augustus Linhart was one of the very rare true followers to Prof. Gibbs, but he had very bad luck... ...It's a truly long and interesting story - hence, some kind of a concise clarification ought to be urgently necessary! So, captain, AHOY! A. There is ONLY ONE BASIC, fundamental Energy Conservation and Transformation Law. It is definitely unique and conceptually indivisible delivering two logically joint concepts - these are Energy Conservation - and Energy Transformation. Still, a more-then-100-years-old conceptual failure has brought us to two separate thermodynamic laws - but this has nothing in common with the actual physics. To come back, they have coined two more fake thermodynamic laws, employed the Probability Theory + Mathematical Statistics, and this has helped formulate the Quantum Mechanics, which is thus a basically metaphysical conceptual construction - and, hence, ought to be only restrictedly fruitful. B. By dividing the basically indivisible law, you are touching Combinatorics, you are touching Probability Theory, you are even stepping back to Thermodynamics for a while, but... You are NOT answering the poser: WHAT IS ENTROPY, sorry! 1. In the formula S = kB * ln(Ω) you do imply, Ω means not a "Huge Number of Microstates", not "Probability", which numerically ranges between [0,1], not even "Wavefunction", which ought to be a purely metaphysical notion, as it is... In effect, Ω ought to be a simplistic algebraic function of Lord Kelvin's Absolute Temperature. This result has been published 100 years ago in JACS by Dr. George Augustus Linhart. 2. WHAT-ENTROPY-IS-poser has been answered not by Clausius, not by Boltzmann, etc., but by Goethe, who has introduced Mephistopheles, the philosophical embodiment of ENTROPY. 3. Newton did basically know WHAT ENTROPY IS - A Counteraction. 4. That Counteractions do not grow to infinity with the growing Actions, but MUST reach their MAXIMUM values, is the result by Nicky Carnot, which has been formalized by Clausius... 5. In effect, J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula: (ΔG = U + pV - TS, .i.e., ΔG = H - TS, where U is the internal energy (SI unit: joule), p is pressure (SI unit: pascal), V is volume (SI unit: m3 = m*m*m), T is the temperature (SI unit: kelvin), S is the entropy (SI unit: joule per kelvin), H is the enthalpy (SI unit: joule)) renders implicit the interplay among ALL the relevant Actions (the Enthalpic term) and ALL the pertinent Counteractions (the Entropic term). 6. The standard approach you are reporting about is OK for the implicit Enthalpy-Entropy picture, employing it, e.g., for studying reaction mechanism details is likewise eating soup with a fork. The above is about "Entropy" in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc., etc., etc. ... Entropy in other fields: Be aware of a powerful trend to build up misnomers in many other fields, for Entropy is the proper term solely for the "Energy Transformation", whatever nature/origin this energy might be of. The Arrow of Time: This is not due solely to Entropy, but owing to Eternal Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation. This is why, the Heat Death morons are proclaiming over and over again ought to be just a useless legacy.
Most important addition to the above ought to be the notions of Potential and Kinetic Energies. Potential Energy: a kind of money on our bank account. Where does it come from? More general: Potential Energy in any system does come from interaction among the subsystems of the system. Moron textbooks try to persuade you of "isolated systems" - do never believe such fiddlesticks! Everything is more or less correlated in the Universe. Potential Energy is transformable into Kinetic Energy. Kinetic Energy: the EFFECT of money on our bank account. Its ancient name - VIS VIVA - i.e., the livening/driving force. THIS is about ENTHALPY. Any EFFECT/ACTION MUST DEAL WITH COUNTERACTIONS: obstacles, hindrances, resistances... THIS is about ENTROPY. THIS is just what J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula renders implicit. If you would not like 'eating soup with a fork', you must consider ENTHALPY and ENTROPY explicitly,🧐
2:40 does not the law of conservation of energy tell us that the energy of the system shall remain cosntant? The PE is getting converted into the KE. how come the total energy has decreased?
@@dragonfly9786 in this case total energy = internal energy, which in this example consists only of potential energy. Yes the energy is conserved, but it is turned into kinetic energy.
I could never understand Gibbs Free Energy in my past 16 years of education, but after spending 13 minutes on this video, I know very well understand it. Thank you Paul, you are a great teacher.
I know he probably doesn't need it at all BUT IS THERE ANY WAY TO DONATE SOME MONEY TO THIS GUY?! I really really appreciate his stuff and I want to support his work. Can't even imagine how studying some of these things would be without him.
As a Physics teacher I must say that your method of teaching entropy is really thoughtfully prepared and excellently presented. It makes it accessible to students.
A great teacher indeed! This issue is a nightmare for every higher Chemistry student. Many thanks Sir for your wonderful examples and splendid explanations!
I especially like the part of this video that you explained enthalpy and free energy as total energy and available energy to work, respectively. It’s easier for me to understand those things. Thank you.
Alright, imagine throwing a party. Gibbs free energy is like a party budget. If the budget is negative, it means your party is happening spontaneously - people are excited and things are happening on their own. If it's positive, you might need to put in some effort (add energy) to get the party started. If it's zero, the party is in a balanced state. So, in chemistry, a negative Gibbs free energy means a reaction can occur on its own, while a positive value may need a push, like adding heat or other energy. It's all about the energy dance at the molecular party!
I love your videos.....when you can explain something using everyday examples, rather than scientific jargon straight up, it makes the scientific jargon so much easier to comprehend. I wish all teachers used examples like yourself. Thank you again for a awesome video :)
I'm about ten steps closer to fully understanding this concept after watching such a short clip. I can't thank you enough. work like yours makes intellectual discourses accessible to the masses! This is amazing. You're amazing. I love you.
I am a freshman taking biology and frankly I'm a little lost sometimes, my teacher gave us a project and part was to explain the terms ATP, Endergonic, Exergonic, and free energy. The other part is explaining what these mean in reference to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. I have looked through lots of the internet, databases, and textbooks and this was the one thing I found that I understood and it answered all my questions so thank you.
I'm a supplemental instructor for a biology 1 course and I'm going to show this to my students today! Best explanation I've ever heard for free energy.
AP Chem student here. One thing that is commonly misconstrued is that breaking bonds releases energy, as you implied around 7:50. Energy is absorbed to break the bonds of the glucose, and then energy is released again when the bonds of water and carbon dioxide are made. The energy released when making bonds of water and carbon dioxide is larger than the energy absorbed when breaking bonds of glucose - that is why energy is released, not because breaking the glucose bonds releases energy. Am I right, or have I confused something?
Don't get misguided! Total energy remains constant, as explained in the "ball rolling down" example, it's true that the gravitational potential energy decreases as the ball moves down and also not to forget the ball speeds up the moment it comes under motion and hence the kinetic energy increases as it rolls down. Total energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy. To conclude as the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy increases and thus the total energy is conserved.
thanx for the music in begining to energetic me to understand what is free energy...i always obey ur all concepts...(STOP MEMORISING START UNDERSTANDING)
You are awesome! Thanks for all your videos, they help me so much in understanding how things are tied together and how they work :) Greetings from Sweden
hahahaha awesome video man i have a giant BIO FINAL and completely understood almost none of what my teacher said but now......after watching that video................. I UNDERSTAND!!!!!!!!! Thanks so much
I'm from Brasil...I teach Biology and Chemistry and sorry for my bad English but I'd like to say that your explanation was very good...in Chemistry this kind of reaction is called endotermica ou exotermica but in biological system we say as you did endergônica e exegôrnica...these words came from latin and portuguese is similar to latin...than is easy to understand...congratulations!!!
Thank you, thank you, thank you. Out of many texts and videos, this the first time I understand it. The problem, indeed is the use of "free". Because it is wrong! The cost is that the energy had to be put in, in the first place.
- Kinetic energy (KE): it is energy stored in the motion of the object (the ball in this case). At the start the ball has no speed. KE = 0. The ball has its KE going up while going down the slide. However as the ball stops at the end, the KE decreased again until it is equal to 0. So globally, the KE of the whole process is equal to 0. - The potential energy (PE): is equivalent to the interaction between the ball, and the other masses surrounding. The main PE source is the gravitational force.
The meaning of free in Gibbs free energy or why Gibbs free energy is called usedul work is that: let us consider a system in which a exothermic reaction is taking place at temp T=300k let us take the energy liberated from the reaction to be 100J.(i.e ∆Hrxn =-100J) out of this 100J liberated enegy some minimum energy goes to the surrounding for reaction to become spontaneous which is equal to T∆Srxn(let T∆S here be=12J) then the enrgy which remain available is 88J (∆H -T∆S) This enrgy is the maximum free enrgy able to be utilised however we can't derive maximum free energy, because maximum free energy is an idealisation....
This was an awsome video I appreciate all the effort :) but I have one nitpick, I think that it's dangerous to say energy is stored in bonds because you can cause confusion by saying that the energy is stored and that the breaking of those bond releases energy when in fact the formation of bonds is what gives off the energy and the breaking of bonds is what requires energy. the energy given off or required is strictly the energy differences between the reactants and products ;)
Actually, the breakdown of ATP requires an input of energy (all breakages are endergonic). The formation of ADP and Pi, by hydrolysis, is, in fact, what realeases a greater amount of energy (molecules formations are all exergonic), so that the net delta G becomes negative.
To whom it may concern. Over Unity Electric Generator Design: By ☯AMA☯ Segment 1: 1 motor with hollowed bar connected to it standing vertically. Circular disc connected to bar that has magnets embedded in it's top side all around, surrounded in high permeability material to focus magnets outward pushing force in an upwards direction from top of disc. Segment 2: Hollowed out cylindrical Bar of material horizontally positioned. donut shaped platter that's flattened on all sides instead of rounded, all around the flat edge of this platter, from the center is a ravine in the center so structure looks more like 2 donut shaped platters flattened on all sides & sandwiched together against a smaller donut shaped platter that's flattened not rounded & between them both. Square openings are located all around the outside of platters edge on both sides & goes all the way through material. In these openings rectangular magnets surrounded in high permeability casings are slid into place all around platter in a matching pattern on both sides. N facing in then S facing in. Connect these securely all along the length of the horizontally positioned bar except at far ends and center. At both ends of horizontally positioned bar securely connect a ring of material that can be magnetically repelled (This will allow bar to spin when apart of completed construct) Build a hollow ring structure that has ring of magnetic repulsion around its inner ring that will be able to fit around main horizontally positioned bar and keep it from touching anything on account of the bar sitting on its magnetic field inside the ring. The ring structure has a rectangular bar protruding from it's outer edge & has small square platform on end of it that will allow it to be screwed in to another structure. Make 3 of these ring structures & position them (approx) over both ends of horizontally positioned bar & around it's center. Build hollowed out rectangular encasement that is separated into 2 pieces that can be placed on top of each other and screwed together. This encasement will fit over horizontal bar & everything that is immediately around this bar. Encasement needs areas all along it's top side that has screw openings that all structures inside that need to be fastened down will be able to screw into. (Best if encasement is transparent) Encasement has round opening at both ends so when in place horizontally positioned bar with round magnetically repel-able disc attached to it are sticking out. Build hollowed out ring structure (flattened not rounded) that has a hollowed out rectangular bar that protrudes from top and bottom of ring and has square platform at end of each that will be able to screw into inside of encasement on top and bottom. Ring structure should be able to separate into 4 halves (from middle separating top & bottom & from side to side on each) that sit on top of each other & side by side perfectly connected when encasement is closed. Hollowed out aspect of ring structure & it's protruding hollowed out bar that's connected to it is for conductive wiring to be placed so that the copper coil constructs not mentioned yet will be able to plug into this ring structure and the current can be diverted up through the hollowed out area to a point where another device can plug into it. On bottom of hollowed out ring structure there are openings where copper coil constructs can be plugged into. Build wide but small ring with ravine around its outer edge in center (kinda would look like the round metal piece you would see in a pulley system but not angled in) of structure (flat not rounded & not hollow in center). Copper coil will be coiled around this. Build hollowed out rectangular structure the length of the width of the wide small ring structure. Build a plug system within it so at the center of the rectangular structure it has proper electrical plug poking out that will be able to plug into bottom side of larger ring structure that is designed to divert current. At both ends of small rectangular plug system there should be flat rectangular legs hanging down so that you can fit it perfectly over center of small wide ring structure that has copper coil wound around it & screw openings at bottom of these flat rectangular legs so they can be screwed together. Ends of the copper coil are fed up into the plug securely. With wiring in place screw top halves of ring structure together still separate from bottom halves. Then with wiring in place screw bottom halves of ring structure together. Now screw the already connected top halves to the inner top encasement structure & same for bottom halves. Two main encasement structures still disconnected at this point. (Fine point... there are as many of these ring structures with copper coil constructs plugged into them as there are the magnetic disc constructs lined up across the length of the horizontal bar) This is because they are all to be lined up. Now with everything ready carefully lift up the Horizontal bar with the magnetic disc setup securely attached to it. At this point the magnetically repelling rings that are at far ends and center of bar should be hanging freely. Carefully position this whole thing in the bottom encasement so the copper coils are positioned perfectly in the ravine of the magnetic disc area connected to bar. Line the free hanging magnetic rings that have rectangle bars and square platforms up with the inner bottom of encasement and screw them in. At this point the horizontal bar is sitting on the magnetic fields in the rings and is securely in place connected to bottom encasement. Now pick up the top of encasement and carefully line it up the same but on top & then screw the top encasement to the bottom encasement. If lined up properly you will see that when the horizontally positioned bar is made to spin, the magnetic fields will interact with the coils that are perpendicular to the magnetic field lines and since the copper coils are positioned to hang withing the ravine, the magnets on both sides will magnify the effect to achieve greater results & since the magnets on both sides are set up N then S all the way around it will end up being AC current. At this point you may be wondering how will this ever equate to over unity? well we are about to get to the part that makes that possible. Build cylindrical structure (like a donut but flat not rounded on all sides but still hollow in center like a donut). The cylindrical structure is built in 2 parts. Top part & bottom part. Bottom half has a ridge close to bottom center area that circles around further into the center but not all the way in. On top of this ridge is a flat ring of high permeability (magnetic field shielding) material that has small openings that will allow magnetic fields through specific locations. The top flat side of the 1st part has rectangular grooves cut into it that go almost the entire distance from outside of cylindrical structure to hollowed out center. At both the outer edge and inner edge it instead cuts down sharply & narrowly at just over the width of the horizontal bar. This way when the horizontal bar in it's encasement is sitting in this spot the case fits down in and bar slides down in with a little extra space but the encasement can't shift forwards & backwards. The top half of cylindrical structure has same groove but no extended ridge going further towards center. Fill the rest of the rectangular grooves with duplicates of the electric generator construct. Now carefully position top of cylindrical structure in place and screw it to bottom section. Now position the motor segment with the vertical bar that has discs on it in center of cylindrical construct so the disc is lined up perfectly underneath the inner ridge that has the flat ring of high permeability material fastened to it. Now you can duplicate this whole setup and stack it for more electrical output. (The only thing that would need to be duplicated with the motor & vertical bar setup is for you to add another disc with magnets embedded in it, higher up on the vertical bar you are already using). When you turn motor on the discs will spin and the magnetic fields on them will only interact with the discs on the horizontally positioned bars when the magnetic field lines go through the small openings in the high permeability material. Since those openings are lined up with the edge of the discs connected to the horizontally positioned bars, it will force them to spin, effectively generating lots of electrical current. Just make sure to let enough of that current pump energy into the 1 motor you are using to run things, and the rest of the electric current is over unity. If you are still wondering how this could end up being over unity, the answer is simple. The device exploits magnetic field effects connected to the vertically positioned bar connected to the motor to have them do all the extra work so the motor does not have to. And since the magnets are exerting there force upwards while the bar spins around sideways, the motor won't be getting a detrimental amount of push back. This design invented by ☯AMA☯
This explanation is very interesting and fun for me and it’s very helpful because it’s a little difficult to find some applications in nature except examples of some mechanical systems although I learned Gibbs free energy in thermodynamics in physics. Thank you for uploading this video.
This force equals mass*gravitational acceleration*z which is the vertical position. During the whole process, the ball has its vertical position decreasing. Hence the PE decreases (z
Origin of life and its evolution are the result of action of laws of hierarchical thermodynamics.Thermodynamics investigates systems which can be characterized by state functions. The separation of biological systems into individual hierarchies of structures allows us to study the processes in them independently of the processes that take place in other hierarchical structures. The criterion of evolution of living system is the change of the specific free energy (G) of this living system.
Dear Paul + your esteemed audience,
First of all, many sincere thanks for your collective efforts!
You attempt to explain Gibbs Free Energy. You begin by using three spontaneous reactions to explain how a change in enthalpy, entropy and temperature can affect the free energy of a system. You then apply this concept to cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
...sounds terrific, but even big scientific research workers' brains had and still have to stumble herewith...
In fact, Prof. Gibbs had learned what ENTROPY exactly IS while attending chemical thermodynamics lectures by Prof. Horstmann in Heidelberg, whereas Prof. Horstmann was one of the very students of Prof. Clausius.
Prof. Gibbs was duly heading for the proper embodiment of the Clausius-Horstmann ideas (in fact, Carnot-Clausius-Horstmann ideas, to be correct!), but he had not enough time for accomplishing this, to our sincere regret...
Dr. George Augustus Linhart was one of the very rare true followers to Prof. Gibbs, but he had very bad luck...
...It's a truly long and interesting story - hence, some kind of a concise clarification ought to be urgently necessary!
So, captain, AHOY!
A. There is ONLY ONE BASIC, fundamental Energy Conservation and Transformation Law. It is definitely unique and conceptually indivisible delivering two logically joint concepts - these are Energy Conservation - and Energy Transformation. Still, a more-then-100-years-old conceptual failure has brought us to two separate thermodynamic laws - but this has nothing in common with the actual physics. To come back, they have coined two more fake thermodynamic laws, employed the Probability Theory + Mathematical Statistics, and this has helped formulate the Quantum Mechanics, which is thus a basically metaphysical conceptual construction - and, hence, ought to be only restrictedly fruitful.
B. By dividing the basically indivisible law, you are touching Combinatorics, you are touching Probability Theory, you are even stepping back to Thermodynamics for a while, but...
You are NOT answering the poser: WHAT IS ENTROPY, sorry!
1. In the formula S = kB * ln(Ω) you do imply, Ω means not a "Huge Number of Microstates", not "Probability", which numerically ranges between [0,1], not even "Wavefunction", which ought to be a purely metaphysical notion, as it is... In effect, Ω ought to be a simplistic algebraic function of Lord Kelvin's Absolute Temperature. This result has been published 100 years ago in JACS by Dr. George Augustus Linhart.
2. WHAT-ENTROPY-IS-poser has been answered not by Clausius, not by Boltzmann, etc., but by Goethe, who has introduced Mephistopheles, the philosophical embodiment of ENTROPY.
3. Newton did basically know WHAT ENTROPY IS - A Counteraction.
4. That Counteractions do not grow to infinity with the growing Actions, but MUST reach their MAXIMUM values, is the result by Nicky Carnot, which has been formalized by Clausius...
5. In effect, J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula:
(ΔG = U + pV - TS, .i.e.,
ΔG = H - TS, where
U is the internal energy (SI unit: joule),
p is pressure (SI unit: pascal),
V is volume (SI unit: m3 = m*m*m),
T is the temperature (SI unit: kelvin),
S is the entropy (SI unit: joule per kelvin),
H is the enthalpy (SI unit: joule))
renders implicit the interplay among ALL the relevant Actions (the Enthalpic term) and ALL the pertinent Counteractions (the Entropic term).
6. The standard approach you are reporting about is OK for the implicit Enthalpy-Entropy picture, employing it, e.g., for studying reaction mechanism details is likewise eating soup with a fork.
The above is about "Entropy" in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc., etc., etc. ...
Entropy in other fields:
Be aware of a powerful trend to build up misnomers in many other fields, for Entropy is the proper term solely for the "Energy Transformation", whatever nature/origin this energy might be of.
The Arrow of Time: This is not due solely to Entropy, but owing to Eternal Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation. This is why, the Heat Death morons are proclaiming over and over again ought to be just a useless legacy.
Most important addition to the above ought to be the notions of Potential and Kinetic Energies.
Potential Energy: a kind of money on our bank account. Where does it come from?
More general: Potential Energy in any system does come from interaction among the subsystems of the system.
Moron textbooks try to persuade you of "isolated systems" - do never believe such fiddlesticks! Everything is more or less correlated in the Universe.
Potential Energy is transformable into Kinetic Energy.
Kinetic Energy: the EFFECT of money on our bank account. Its ancient name - VIS VIVA - i.e., the livening/driving force. THIS is about ENTHALPY.
Any EFFECT/ACTION MUST DEAL WITH COUNTERACTIONS: obstacles, hindrances, resistances... THIS is about ENTROPY.
THIS is just what J. W. Gibbs Free Energy formula renders implicit. If you would not like 'eating soup with a fork', you must consider ENTHALPY and ENTROPY explicitly,🧐
Honestly, this is the first time I've understood what's going on when someone says "Gibbs free energy." An absolute legend
2:40
does not the law of conservation of energy tell us that the energy of the system shall remain cosntant?
The PE is getting converted into the KE.
how come the total energy has decreased?
@@dragonfly9786 in this case total energy = internal energy, which in this example consists only of potential energy. Yes the energy is conserved, but it is turned into kinetic energy.
Bu total energy , i think he meant the total available stored energy that could have been used if entropy was zero
Thank you for the hip music in the intro. I got to have a short dance before I got back to studying.
+CrushOfSiel lol
😂😂😂
I would like your comment but it's at 200 likes.
🕺
I cant believe this is 11 years old, I wish I had saw Mr Andersons videos a long time ago. He is awesome.
the world would be so much smarter if we got to have teachers like you!
I could never understand Gibbs Free Energy in my past 16 years of education, but after spending 13 minutes on this video, I know very well understand it. Thank you Paul, you are a great teacher.
I know he probably doesn't need it at all BUT IS THERE ANY WAY TO DONATE SOME MONEY TO THIS GUY?!
I really really appreciate his stuff and I want to support his work. Can't even imagine how studying some of these things would be without him.
+CavemanZipper www.bozemanscience.com/donate/
just watch a ton of ads
W!llxX k I.
Share his work, he willl get kick backs from the views from you sharing
As a Physics teacher I must say that your method of teaching entropy is really thoughtfully prepared and excellently presented. It makes it accessible to students.
Simple and clear explanation in 13 minutes. You deserve to get a Nobel Prize
A great teacher indeed! This issue is a nightmare for every higher Chemistry student. Many thanks Sir for your wonderful examples and splendid explanations!
Real teacher are like u who understands well as well how to teach it well⭐
I especially like the part of this video that you explained enthalpy and free energy as total energy and available energy to work, respectively. It’s easier for me to understand those things. Thank you.
Alright, imagine throwing a party. Gibbs free energy is like a party budget. If the budget is negative, it means your party is happening spontaneously - people are excited and things are happening on their own. If it's positive, you might need to put in some effort (add energy) to get the party started. If it's zero, the party is in a balanced state. So, in chemistry, a negative Gibbs free energy means a reaction can occur on its own, while a positive value may need a push, like adding heat or other energy. It's all about the energy dance at the molecular party!
I love your videos.....when you can explain something using everyday examples, rather than scientific jargon straight up, it makes the scientific jargon so much easier to comprehend. I wish all teachers used examples like yourself. Thank you again for a awesome video :)
I'm about ten steps closer to fully understanding this concept after watching such a short clip. I can't thank you enough. work like yours makes intellectual discourses accessible to the masses!
This is amazing. You're amazing. I love you.
Thank you so much for your videos. Your videos combined with Tyler De Witt's videos are making my correspondence biochemistry possible to understand.
I am a freshman taking biology and frankly I'm a little lost sometimes, my teacher gave us a project and part was to explain the terms ATP, Endergonic, Exergonic, and free energy. The other part is explaining what these mean in reference to cellular respiration and photosynthesis. I have looked through lots of the internet, databases, and textbooks and this was the one thing I found that I understood and it answered all my questions so thank you.
FINALLY A TEACHER THAT KNOWS MORE THAN JUST DEFINITIONS. THANK YOU!
I'm a supplemental instructor for a biology 1 course and I'm going to show this to my students today! Best explanation I've ever heard for free energy.
Who are those people dares to downvote this!
What they think of themselves? 'Dash'hole?
This is a great video ! Thank you so much .
Infinite upvote !
I am a sophomore in AP Biology. I can't tell you how much this is helping me right now!
Literally, in my senior year for biochem and I have never been able to make sense of this. Thank you.
I love him - He truly understands how to teach. I am a teacher and he is few and far between. Excellent job.
AP Chem student here. One thing that is commonly misconstrued is that breaking bonds releases energy, as you implied around 7:50. Energy is absorbed to break the bonds of the glucose, and then energy is released again when the bonds of water and carbon dioxide are made. The energy released when making bonds of water and carbon dioxide is larger than the energy absorbed when breaking bonds of glucose - that is why energy is released, not because breaking the glucose bonds releases energy. Am I right, or have I confused something?
Youre right he just says it released energy instead of saying it had an output of energy after the whole process for simplicity's sake
connor mangus you guys rock!
R8 man
7:30...
it should not be "sugar" that brings about the energy but carbohydrates( from many types of grains, beans ,fruits & veggies)?
13 years later my guy is still helping me learn AP Bio. What a guy.
Sometimes I think I learn more from UA-cam then my teachers.
That was just a 'thought' in the past but now... after 7 years... it has become a fact.
You are the reason why I made it into university, bless your soul
Don't get misguided! Total energy remains constant, as explained in the "ball rolling down" example, it's true that the gravitational potential energy decreases as the ball moves down and also not to forget the ball speeds up the moment it comes under motion and hence the kinetic energy increases as it rolls down. Total energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy. To conclude as the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy increases and thus the total energy is conserved.
I too agree... its funny but I was about to comment the same until I saw this...
There is friction as the reaction proceeds that decreases the total energy along the way
Although I am not sure if that makes any point
me to =)
The friction i made into heat energy. wich still remains in the system
The best explanation I've ever come across
You sir know how to teach. I wish more so-called teachers would take note.
This was my first explanation ever.. im glad it was you thanks!
thanks a lot Mr. Anderson, I swear you teach this way better than my teacher.
This is super helpful! I am a student from Taiwan. I am blessed to watch this awesome video.
You suceeded! Best explaination of gibbs " free" energy i've ever seen!!!
Your explanation has a marvelous attraction towards online study, appreciate you for that.
APPRECIATION POST:
HONESTLY THIS GUY CLEARED ALL THE DOUBT, CONFUSION AND BOREDOM I HAVE ABOUT GIBBS FREE ENERGY.
you literally saved my life for bio and i'm getting a 97 because of you. thank you so much!
Thanks a ton Mr. Anderson! You're awesome!
best explanation i've ever seen
I have a test tomorrow and you just make me so much more confident!! Thank you so much!
thanx for the music in begining to energetic me to understand what is free energy...i always obey ur all concepts...(STOP MEMORISING START UNDERSTANDING)
I thought I would never understand Gibbs's free energy., now it's clear., thanks bro., u r awesome
Thanks a lot man. Now my mind's entropy decreases. You have cleared such complicated terms in an awesome way
You are awesome! Thanks for all your videos, they help me so much in understanding how things are tied together and how they work :) Greetings from Sweden
Extremely well done! First time I have really understood this!
Wow, man ,thank you ,may good things happen to you.this video deserves hundreds of ads and plugins.i thank you bro , words are not enough.
Great work ! Love the addition of natural world examples to Gibbs.
For the first time in my life i hv understood what Gibbs free energy really is without a doubt!. Damn,Thank you!,,
The best explanation of Gibbs Free Energy I've ever seen, hands down 😉
Mann give this guy a reward. I finnaly understand it after an hour
your lectures are always helpful
hahahaha awesome video man i have a giant BIO FINAL and completely understood almost none of what my teacher said but now......after watching that video................. I UNDERSTAND!!!!!!!!!
Thanks so much
Thanks a lot... Gibbs free energy concept was always such a confusion for me.. u made it very clear & easy to understand..
Wow, I understand it so much better by now! Thank you so much for this video!
i have only 5 words to say about this video : awesome ! awsome ! awesome ! awesome ! thnaks !!!!!!
Woooow the lesson is amazing... learning this is simply a spontaneous process
You are really a perfect teacher. Thanks a ton to God to sent you on Earth
GFE turns out to be simple to understand once you have a good teacher!
I'm from Brasil...I teach Biology and Chemistry and sorry for my bad English but I'd like to say that your explanation was very good...in Chemistry this kind of reaction is called endotermica ou exotermica but in biological system we say as you did endergônica e exegôrnica...these words came from latin and portuguese is similar to latin...than is easy to understand...congratulations!!!
Thank you, thank you, thank you. Out of many texts and videos, this the first time I understand it. The problem, indeed is the use of "free". Because it is wrong! The cost is that the energy had to be put in, in the first place.
- Kinetic energy (KE): it is energy stored in the motion of the object (the ball in this case). At the start the ball has no speed. KE = 0. The ball has its KE going up while going down the slide. However as the ball stops at the end, the KE decreased again until it is equal to 0. So globally, the KE of the whole process is equal to 0.
- The potential energy (PE): is equivalent to the interaction between the ball, and the other masses surrounding. The main PE source is the gravitational force.
Thank you so much for your videos man! You are helping me with my chemistry exam.
This video is so helpful i couldnt grasp the concept but the video helped a lot, my teacher doesnt teach much lol
It's soooo easy to understand.....
Thank you for cracking that big problematic topic into simpler one.
You are my GURU.
Thank you so much Paul! I now have this concept in the bag!
Thank you! You are more articulate and distinct to the topic than @khanacademy.
Thank you so much!!! Everything just clicked.
FINALLY an intelligible explanation! thanks
Thanks Sir....so well-illustrated.
Thank you VERY much Mr. Andersen. it helped me a lot...
I just want to say that GOD LITERALLY BLESS YOU. I had a rough time understanding this conceopt
Extremely grateful to you. Greatly explained. Huge thanks 😊
Thank you so much! I've watched many other videos on the topic but yours was the most helpful one. I finally got it!
Thank you for the great explanation! I was getting so confused in my chem class!
Wonderful explanation of natural phenomenons ,,,, nice video
Made so simple and clear, thanks so much
The meaning of free in Gibbs free energy or why Gibbs free energy is called usedul work is that: let us consider a system in which a exothermic reaction is taking place at temp T=300k let us take the energy liberated from the reaction to be 100J.(i.e ∆Hrxn =-100J) out of this 100J liberated enegy some minimum energy goes to the surrounding for reaction to become spontaneous which is equal to T∆Srxn(let T∆S here be=12J) then the enrgy which remain available is 88J (∆H -T∆S) This enrgy is the maximum free enrgy able to be utilised however we can't derive maximum free energy, because maximum free energy is an idealisation....
This was an awsome video I appreciate all the effort :) but I have one nitpick, I think that it's dangerous to say energy is stored in bonds because you can cause confusion by saying that the energy is stored and that the breaking of those bond releases energy when in fact the formation of bonds is what gives off the energy and the breaking of bonds is what requires energy. the energy given off or required is strictly the energy differences between the reactants and products ;)
You are Awsome dude!!!! I didn't get in 7 lecture that I got in 13 min.....Thanks
Oh man, you r great.
1st time got some understanding of dG, other wise it was just useless(?) equation for me.
Thanks for posting this stuff
Actually, the breakdown of ATP requires an input of energy (all breakages are endergonic). The formation of ADP and Pi, by hydrolysis, is, in fact, what realeases a greater amount of energy (molecules formations are all exergonic), so that the net delta G becomes negative.
Thanks for posting. Good graphics of the concept!
Wow....saw this comment in 2020.....feeling happy to see this comment which was posted 9 years ago...i wish i could get a reply from you
To whom it may concern.
Over Unity Electric Generator Design: By ☯AMA☯
Segment 1: 1 motor with hollowed bar connected to it standing vertically. Circular disc connected to bar that has magnets embedded in it's top side all around, surrounded in high permeability material to focus magnets outward pushing force in an upwards direction from top of disc.
Segment 2: Hollowed out cylindrical Bar of material horizontally positioned.
donut shaped platter that's flattened on all sides instead of rounded, all around the flat edge of this platter, from the center is a ravine in the center so structure looks more like 2 donut shaped platters flattened on all sides & sandwiched together against a smaller donut shaped platter that's flattened not rounded & between them both. Square openings are located all around the outside of platters edge on both sides & goes all the way through material. In these openings rectangular magnets surrounded in high permeability casings are slid into place all around platter in a matching pattern on both sides. N facing in then S facing in.
Connect these securely all along the length of the horizontally positioned bar except at far ends and center.
At both ends of horizontally positioned bar securely connect a ring of material that can be magnetically repelled (This will allow bar to spin when apart of completed construct)
Build a hollow ring structure that has ring of magnetic repulsion around its inner ring that will be able to fit around main horizontally positioned bar and keep it from touching anything on account of the bar sitting on its magnetic field inside the ring. The ring structure has a rectangular bar protruding from it's outer edge & has small square platform on end of it that will allow it to be screwed in to another structure. Make 3 of these ring structures & position them (approx) over both ends of horizontally positioned bar & around it's center.
Build hollowed out rectangular encasement that is separated into 2 pieces that can be placed on top of each other and screwed together. This encasement will fit over horizontal bar & everything that is immediately around this bar. Encasement needs areas all along it's top side that has screw openings that all structures inside that need to be fastened down will be able to screw into. (Best if encasement is transparent) Encasement has round opening at both ends so when in place horizontally positioned bar with round magnetically repel-able disc attached to it are sticking out.
Build hollowed out ring structure (flattened not rounded) that has a hollowed out rectangular bar that protrudes from top and bottom of ring and has square platform at end of each that will be able to screw into inside of encasement on top and bottom. Ring structure should be able to separate into 4 halves (from middle separating top & bottom & from side to side on each) that sit on top of each other & side by side perfectly connected when encasement is closed. Hollowed out aspect of ring structure & it's protruding hollowed out bar that's connected to it is for conductive wiring to be placed so that the copper coil constructs not mentioned yet will be able to plug into this ring structure and the current can be diverted up through the hollowed out area to a point where another device can plug into it. On bottom of hollowed out ring structure there are openings where copper coil constructs can be plugged into.
Build wide but small ring with ravine around its outer edge in center (kinda would look like the round metal piece you would see in a pulley system but not angled in) of structure (flat not rounded & not hollow in center). Copper coil will be coiled around this. Build hollowed out rectangular structure the length of the width of the wide small ring structure. Build a plug system within it so at the center of the rectangular structure it has proper electrical plug poking out that will be able to plug into bottom side of larger ring structure that is designed to divert current. At both ends of small rectangular plug system there should be flat rectangular legs hanging down so that you can fit it perfectly over center of small wide ring structure that has copper coil wound around it & screw openings at bottom of these flat rectangular legs so they can be screwed together. Ends of the copper coil are fed up into the plug securely.
With wiring in place screw top halves of ring structure together still separate from bottom halves. Then with wiring in place screw bottom halves of ring structure together. Now screw the already connected top halves to the inner top encasement structure & same for bottom halves. Two main encasement structures still disconnected at this point. (Fine point... there are as many of these ring structures with copper coil constructs plugged into them as there are the magnetic disc constructs lined up across the length of the horizontal bar) This is because they are all to be lined up. Now with everything ready carefully lift up the Horizontal bar with the magnetic disc setup securely attached to it. At this point the magnetically repelling rings that are at far ends and center of bar should be hanging freely. Carefully position this whole thing in the bottom encasement so the copper coils are positioned perfectly in the ravine of the magnetic disc area connected to bar. Line the free hanging magnetic rings that have rectangle bars and square platforms up with the inner bottom of encasement and screw them in. At this point the horizontal bar is sitting on the magnetic fields in the rings and is securely in place connected to bottom encasement. Now pick up the top of encasement and carefully line it up the same but on top & then screw the top encasement to the bottom encasement. If lined up properly you will see that when the horizontally positioned bar is made to spin, the magnetic fields will interact with the coils that are perpendicular to the magnetic field lines and since the copper coils are positioned to hang withing the ravine, the magnets on both sides will magnify the effect to achieve greater results & since the magnets on both sides are set up N then S all the way around it will end up being AC current. At this point you may be wondering how will this ever equate to over unity? well we are about to get to the part that makes that possible.
Build cylindrical structure (like a donut but flat not rounded on all sides but still hollow in center like a donut). The cylindrical structure is built in 2 parts. Top part & bottom part. Bottom half has a ridge close to bottom center area that circles around further into the center but not all the way in. On top of this ridge is a flat ring of high permeability (magnetic field shielding) material that has small openings that will allow magnetic fields through specific locations. The top flat side of the 1st part has rectangular grooves cut into it that go almost the entire distance from outside of cylindrical structure to hollowed out center. At both the outer edge and inner edge it instead cuts down sharply & narrowly at just over the width of the horizontal bar. This way when the horizontal bar in it's encasement is sitting in this spot the case fits down in and bar slides down in with a little extra space but the encasement can't shift forwards & backwards. The top half of cylindrical structure has same groove but no extended ridge going further towards center. Fill the rest of the rectangular grooves with duplicates of the electric generator construct. Now carefully position top of cylindrical structure in place and screw it to bottom section. Now position the motor segment with the vertical bar that has discs on it in center of cylindrical construct so the disc is lined up perfectly underneath the inner ridge that has the flat ring of high permeability material fastened to it. Now you can duplicate this whole setup and stack it for more electrical output. (The only thing that would need to be duplicated with the motor & vertical bar setup is for you to add another disc with magnets embedded in it, higher up on the vertical bar you are already using). When you turn motor on the discs will spin and the magnetic fields on them will only interact with the discs on the horizontally positioned bars when the magnetic field lines go through the small openings in the high permeability material. Since those openings are lined up with the edge of the discs connected to the horizontally positioned bars, it will force them to spin, effectively generating lots of electrical current. Just make sure to let enough of that current pump energy into the 1 motor you are using to run things, and the rest of the electric current is over unity. If you are still wondering how this could end up being over unity, the answer is simple. The device exploits magnetic field effects connected to the vertically positioned bar connected to the motor to have them do all the extra work so the motor does not have to. And since the magnets are exerting there force upwards while the bar spins around sideways, the motor won't be getting a detrimental amount of push back. This design invented by ☯AMA☯
Thank you really really thank you..For finally making this thing a bit sense
what a fantastic teacher
This explanation is very interesting and fun for me and it’s very helpful because it’s a little difficult to find some applications in nature except examples of some mechanical systems although I learned Gibbs free energy in thermodynamics in physics.
Thank you for uploading this video.
You are a brilliant teacher, thank you :) :) :)
This force equals mass*gravitational acceleration*z which is the vertical position. During the whole process, the ball has its vertical position decreasing. Hence the PE decreases (z
Wonderful explanation, soooo simple, it forces anyone to understand :) thx sooooo much
Fantastic presentation!
Thanks for your videos! Best Chem videos online for MCAT prep!
I wish my college professors to whom I paid thousands of dollars explained it as well as you did.
good job linking concepts
Thank you! I've been struggling on this topic forever now. and it finally makes more sense :D
thank you soooo much for this! this was the one thing i really needed brushing up on before the ap bio exam, now i think i've got it! :)
ur way of teaching izzzz excelent
Origin of life and its evolution are the result of action of laws of hierarchical thermodynamics.Thermodynamics investigates systems which can be characterized by state functions. The separation of biological systems into individual hierarchies of structures allows us to study the processes in them independently of the processes that take place in other hierarchical structures. The criterion of evolution of living system is the change of the specific free energy (G) of this living system.
Thanks a lot, you explain the concept very clear and easy to understand.
thank you man you made my life much easier