Civilizations of the World - The Major Cultural Spheres
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- Опубліковано 1 жов 2024
- Civilizations of the World - The Major Cultural Spheres
European Cultural Sphere
-Eastern Greco-Roman Civilization (modern Greek)
-Western Roman Civilization
-Western European Civilization
-Eastern European Civilization
-Caucasian Civilization
West Asian Cultural Sphere
-Modern Mesopotamian Civilization (Neo-Aramaic)
-Iranian Civilization
-Arabic Civilization
-Hebrew Civilization
-Central Asian Civilization
South Asian Cultural Sphere
-Hindu Civilization
-Southeast Asian Civilization
-Tibetan Civilization
East Asian Cultural Sphere
-Sinic Civilization
-Korean Civilization
-Japanese Civilization
-Mongolic-Tungusic Civilization
Egyptian Civilization
-Modern Egyptian Civilization(Coptic)
-Old Nubian Civilization
-Ethiopian Civilization
-Berber Civilization
Based on the relevant book available on Amazon
www.amazon.com...
Thank you very much for the support
Music:
All I've Ever Felt All At Once - Late Night Feeler
The Heartache- Ugonna Onyekwe
Based on the relevant book available on Amazon
www.amazon.com/Civilizations-World-Major-Cultural-Spheres-ebook/dp/B0C5B8MV28/?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_w=9KOr9&content-id=amzn1.sym.ed85217c-14c9-4aa0-b248-e47393e2ce12&pf_rd_p=ed85217c-14c9-4aa0-b248-e47393e2ce12&pf_rd_r=138-0792024-4521117&pd_rd_wg=mWUn4&pd_rd_r=c7435b4e-ecd4-43ed-a8a2-32d5f9a1e230&ref_=aufs_ap_sc_dsk
Thank you very much for the support
See also
twitter.com/Costas_Melas
facebook.com/people/Costas-Melas-Page/100090025323926/
Where is Mezo-America (mayas, aztecs, a.s.o) and South America (the Incas) ?
History of Abbasid caliphate please ❤❤❤
Presumably, you can wonder how the Egyptian Cultural Sphere still exists after many conquests of Egypt. My thought possibly it is the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which originated in Roman Egypt and then migrated to the South and remained up to now.
and Egyptian Orthodox Church
European = Graeco-Roman-Anatolian
South Asian = Indian (Indus Valley Civilisation)
West Asian = Mesopotamian-Elamite
East Asian = Chinese
Great video, BUT is a shame that you didn't pictured the Mesoamerican, Andean and Ghanaian cultural spheres :(. They had all the features of proper spheres and advanced civilisations.
Yes, I agree to that.
The video is about the major cultural spheres. Not all the cultural spheres
@@CostasMelas But they were major cultural spheres until European colonialism.
@@rampantmutt9119 nah
@@nonrumor Yes they were.
I feel like you could have added the mesoamerican, Andes and Bantu spheres
That’s extinct bro
@@sumanjha-g6iThey are not.
Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Southern Brazil are totally Westernized.
I don't feel exactly like them, we are something better
Originally Westerns were latins and romans and germanics were barbarians, now germanics are civilized and they call themselves westerns while we, latins, are not considered westerns
This is a biased, Eurasian-centric view of the historical spread of civilizations, that ignores all the other major civilizations of the world in the rest of the continents, equating planet Earth exclusively to Eurasia.
Why are Yankees, Texans Québécois and Anglo-Canadians fully in the European cultural sphere but not Argentines, Uruguayans and southern Brazilians... If it's race related they are white so they should count and if it's because they catholic then Black Americans in the US' south should also be part since they're protestant... But that would make no sense because catholics are literally a majority in Europe... I don't know, to me it seems the some in the west don't want to consider Latin America part of it because they're poorer and it would make the statistics go down...
It’s because the native Culture in USA is Non existent almost. (Outside of reservations). In Latin America many would say they still have preserved a Part of the pre colombian tradition. They have mostly European Culture but Not Like USA that it’s Like if they found it empty it would have been the same they completly erased native Cultural influence
Also it would make the Population statistics Go up since already the West is Big on the map but small in population
@@marcobelli6856 what's the Amerindian cultural influence in Argentina and Uruguay and how is it higher than in the US?
@@CorvusLeukos Argentina because if Italians immigrants it’s almost 100 European I can agree. The guy just put all south America togheter he could have am made a distinction between Uruguay or Venezuala. I don’t know Local traditions of Argentina and Uruguay but if they have 1% of native Culture is still more than the Usa because They kept nothing 0, it would have been the same had they found an empty Land
You shouldnt exclude the option of merging cultural spheres. Egyptian isnt distinctive enough to be dragged into 21 century and should be merged with west asian or european in antic or medieval times.
If you are calling it Egyptian......then, it you might as well call it Indian and not South Asian !😑
India didn't exist before 400 BCE.
@@based4560neither china existed till its first unification by chin Dynasty 200 years later from the date you mentioned about India.
So your point doesn't makes any sense.
We are talking about cultural spheres ,not the political ones.
Just like you can have multiple political entities within the western cultural sphere, same was with India.
There were multiple political spheres in india but it's cultural sphere was singular and inherited it from Indus valley civilization.
That inheritance is still there in cultural practices of Hindus today.
@@nopek1405 yes but it wasn't called India until 400 BCE by Megasthenes so it should be called South Asian or Hindu.
@@based4560 as far as I know, the term south asia has a pretty recent origin and came in use in last 70 years only.
And in the other hand, the term Hindu or India,both have a common origin that is from Sanskrit word "Sindhu".
Both are equally appropriate.
@@based4560 Hindu is Persianized name for river Indus. Indus river is greek word, in Sanskrit and local Indian languages it is Sindu river.
i would say modern Kazakhstan should be more blue as it is way more inclining to the european cizilization than to the islamic, at least i can't say that persian or afghan cultures have that much common with Kazakhstan, but anyway the video itself is very good, i'm looking forward to the full afro-asiatic video
Thank you
@@CostasMelas why didmt you label sub-saharan africa until colonisation? There were many empires in it and a lot of influence from each other
As you said it's just according to your delusion yet in reality Kazakhstan is a Muslim country and Kazakh are Muslim people en mass. Don't be so desperate to separate a CENTRAL ASIAN country with Europe.
@samemmo1526 Central ASIA
@@ASMM1981EGYCope Kazakh like europe more 🤣🤣
i would argue for a polynesian sphere (which would be hard to map), an african sphere, a meso-american sphere, and an andean sphere. all of these were slowly taken away during colonisation and imperialism, but i do believe that those societies had their own macro-cultures that have influenced the subsequent civilisations that have settled there. perhaps showing western dominance but some pockets of their cultures? idk, just my thoughts. thank you for all of the amazing videos btw, i watch your mapping videos religiously
Thank you. I include them in my book but they outside of the Major spheres. It is the white part of this map.
4:26 750 AD South Asian sphere at it’s peak
Larger than any other sphere
That time east Asia didn't impact its culture in Indonesia. I don't know how this admin brain washing peoples. Indonesia religion is becamed Buddism and Hinduism not Taoism, their writing scripts is Indic not sinic, their dress is influenced by India. Their language has most Sanskrit words then Chinese.
South Arabia seems to have been neglected. It should be green at around 1000 - 800 BC
Nah
Interesting that all the populous major nations of today originate from only 8 historical main cultures Romans, British, Slavs, Bantu, Arabs, Turks, China, & India.
It's debatable whether the Spanish and Portuguese cultures should be indirectly categorized under the Romans or separately as Iberian
And Spanish or even Iberian
@@nenenindonu it is necessary to use the term Iberian rather than Roman.
Strange how Bantu is called out when it isn’t even mentioned in the vid -_-
Don't forget western culture has also been influenced by Germanic tribes
İnteresting. Hope to see haplogroups migration map 😊.
Yes. Which one though? The female one isn’t as reliable as females were moved furthur often for many purposes (the basic of which can be seen when husband takes his wife to his home). So I bet at least the male one (or both).
@@king_halcyon first male, then female. Also by regions.
Is impossible to make video about history of haplogroups accurate
You can find many on UA-cam but Not with all the world buy specific regions
Great video as always, Could you make a timeline of different calendar usages around the world? I think it would be interesting to see how civilizations used to count days/months or based of what :)
Indeed.
Thank you
I don't think this is accurate. These divisions look like stereotypes and the idea of clash of civilizations. There's more to culture than outward appearance. European culture was highly influenced by west Asia and North Africa pre-islamic and Islamic. Writing, political state systems, agriculture, and Christianity which is a huge part of European identity comes from West Asia/North Africa. Similarly Greek and Roman philosophy/culture influenced the medieval Islamic world's golden age which then went on to influence Europe's enlightenment. Islam made contact with China in the 8th century and it's influence can still be felt there. Papermaking, gunpowder, and other Chinese technologies made their way into the Muslim world and then onto Europe. The quest for modernization in the 19th century caused China, Japan and the whole east to adopt western ideas. These colors make it seem like these civilizations are sand boxes not interacting and given rise to each other.
Wow, European culture is big.
One word: Colonization
@@mithridatesi9981 Based.
@@mithridatesi9981 GOOD.
@@alangervasis No ITS NOT GOOD OR BAD
The western part of Papua should be orange striped with green, not just because it is part of Indonesia now but also because of the historical Ternate and Tidore Sultanates. Also Bangladesh should at least be striped green, since it is Muslim and had a good deal of historical influence of Persianate culture from the Mughals. Kashmir should be green striped with orange. Green because it is majority Muslim and culturally very similar to Pakistan, but striped with orange because it is part of India and there is still a remnant Hindu population.
Another minor criticism I have is you made Tuva fully purple, despite ethnic Tuvans being a vast majority still. It should be yellow with purple stripes. Much of latin america should be fully purple though, since in some areas like most of Argentina and Uruguay native culture, identity and language was totally extinguished.
Thank you for the comment. If you look more closely, I have put green stripes on Bangladesh
Pretty good video, as always, but:
1. What even is this "Egyptian Culture sphere"? There's no way that modern-day Ethiopia is in any way culturally related to Ancient Egypt. This "Egyptian" sphere should really disappear with the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great or by the Romans.
2. Middle Eastern and Persian spheres should be split in Antiquity, with the Middle Eastern one "annexing" the Persian one in the early Middle Ages with the Islamic conquests of Persia.
3. As another guy pointed out, you didn't add the African and American culture spheres.
Thank you for the comment. The Egyptian sphere survived mainly through Eastern Christianity and the variety of North African scripts (Coptic, Geez, Tifinagh). The western Asian sphere is the zone of Abrahamic religions and cuneiform, Aramaic and Arabic writing systems, cradle of Mesopotamian civilization. Africa cannot be considered a sphere because it is influenced by other cultures (introduction of writing system, religion). Mesoamerican and Andean had cultural spheres but are not considered important as major because it remains as remnant today
@@CostasMelas Egyptian culture died with their religion , who today have same culture as those ancient Egyptians ?
@@CostasMelas North Africa is still Africa. Greek & Latin scripts, statue came from Egypt. You’re under Egyptian sphere.
Cool but could you change “Egyptian” to North African “, just sounds more straight forward
Ethiopia isn’t Egyptian sphere, this is propaganda‼️
I didn't like that you showed the "european cultural sphere" so early and didn't show anything about mesoamerican and central andean cultural spheres.
This is bs. It seems that you only did this because you wanted to show off european superiority. That means, not objetively at all and thus, biased and invalid.
The Aegean civilization dates back to 3200 BC
@@CostasMelas No. Minoans were the first and only europran civilization and they appeared after egyptians and babylonians. Not so early!
I always love these culture-language videos. How do you make them?
Southern Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay should be deep purple if USA is full purple
Don't forget Chile, the most developed country in Latin America...
Kinda misleading how Egyptian influence is shown too far. It had influence, certainly, but not so notable that west. Also, Europeans did not influence Persia/India during Hellenistic era at all except some Greek elite driven wars between Central and South Asia and very few long-lasting impacts like the day names, statue forms, and currency. In contrast, the Greeks (and Romans, and thus Europeans) were more influenced by the West and South Asians. Wide spaced, fewer dashes may have been better.
So again, this is typical Western power overestimation before its due demonstration in history.
Also, Central Asia can also be classified as its own culture, which is substantially (if not mostly) derived from the North-East Asian culture, which may/may not be considered as East Asian. Same for the (mainly) Austronesian based Southeast Asian culture.
Edit: I know it says "cultural spheres", not "cultures". I know exactly what it means.
Yeah. Greeks in India became Buddhists, while Indian Buddhists didn't start worshipping Greek gods.
@@robinchettri6966 Exactly, dude.
@@robinchettri6966 Buddhism got an interesting journey across the world, not gonna lie.
As a Hindu i really respect this video and is great in understanding Todays geopolitics .
Thank you
The establishment of civilization at specific ethnicity does not mean that they are smarter than another nations who did not establish a civilization because the way of living and the climate and stability and agriculture are among the factors for the establishment of civilization in addition to the purity of the heart.
Yes
map does not show density, so:
while that green islamic blob is central and biggest (pre coplonialism), a significant majority of Islamic-culture lives as a minority-religion within india+china. Population density is much higher around china due to monsoon-irigration (allows 2 annual harvests with only bronze age technology) and flat wetlands, so that even a local minority can make up a majority of a foreign culture+religion. While eastern eurasia dominates in population density, western-eurasia excelled in expansion+colonialism, leaving islamic culture fall behind in terms of population count. Islam used to excel in trade, from being centralized, but that switched to theocratic fanatism warfare.
colonialism*
Btw, stop using western eurasia like that. You are referring to Europeans solely, not the Arabs or Persians or Turks who lived in the same western region of Eurasia. Define and judge your terms before commenting, please.
It says west Asian not Islamic? It’s safe to say that Muslims in south and Southeast Asia are more part of their respective cultural spheres rather than west Asian.
It is great that even in this more generalized video you showed the hibridity/liminality of Turkic regions.
I'm especially a fan of the color palette you used here. Great stuff as always
I always think that China is yellow because Qing dinasty and Arabia green. But I don’t know about purple Europe and Orange India. Cool ❤️❤️
I feel like its weird to define the Minoans and Mycenaeans as the European cultural sphere since they developed out of the West Asian cultural sphere. Genetic analysis (provided by geneticist George Stamatoyannopoulos) says they were descended from West Asian migrants (mostly Anatolian), and additionally, if you look at their art, architecture, and whats left of all their other stuff, you can see they clearly stood on the shoulders of the Near Eastern civilizations - so I think they should be considered one of them. I also can't help but wonder why all the spheres have continental names except Egypt, and why the Bantu aren't represented.
It came from a synthesis of native Neolithic cultures and Anatolian migrants. It remained distinct from West Asian in most cultural elements. For example, writing throughout the western Asian world was cuneiform, in the Aegean linear
Greek (also, Hellenic and Roman), West Asian (Mesopotamian) and Egyptian cultures aka Mediterranean Civilizations have more common things with each other than they have it with Europeans (Celtic, Germanic and Slavic kingdoms)
A cephalometric analysis by Argyropoulos et al. (1989) published in The Angle Orthodontist showed remarkable similarity in craniofacial morphology between Minoans and modern Greeks, suggesting a close affinity, and that the Greek ethnic group remained stable in its cephalic and facial morphology for the last 4,000 years.[176]
A craniofacial morphological study by Papagrigorakis et al. (2014) published in Anthropologischer Anzeiger also indicated craniological similarities between modern Greeks and Minoans, indicating continuity.[177]
A 2013 archaeogenetics study by Hughey at al. published in Nature Communications compared skeletal mtDNA from ancient Minoan skeletons that were sealed in a cave in the Lasithi Plateau between 3,700 and 4,400 years ago to 135 samples from Greece, Anatolia, western and northern Europe, North Africa and Egypt.[178][179] The researchers found that the Minoan skeletons were genetically very similar to modern-day Europeans-and especially close to modern-day Cretans, particularly those from the Lasithi Plateau. They were also genetically similar to Neolithic Europeans, but distinct from Egyptian or Libyan populations.[180] "We now know that the founders of the first advanced European civilization were European," said study co-author George Stamatoyannopoulos, a human geneticist at the University of Washington. "They were very similar to Neolithic Europeans and very similar to present day-Cretans."[179]
In their archaeogenetic study published in Nature, Lazaridis et al. (2017) found that Minoans and Mycenaean Greeks were genetically highly similar - but not identical - and that modern Greeks descend from these populations. The FST between the sampled Bronze Age populations and present-day West Eurasians was estimated, finding that Mycenaean Greeks and Minoans were least differentiated from the populations of modern Greece, Cyprus, Albania, and Italy.[181][182] In a subsequent study, Lazaridis et al. (2022) concluded that around ~58.4-65.8% of the DNA of the Mycenaeans and ~70.9-76.7% of the Minoans came from Early European Farmers (EEF), while the remainder came from ancient populations related to the Caucasus Hunter-Gatherers (CHG) (Mycenaeans ~20.1-22.7%, Minoans ~17-19.4%) and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) culture (Mycenaeans ~7-14%, Minoans ~3.9-9.5%). Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans had also inherited ~3.3-5.5% ancestry from a source related to the Eastern European Hunter-Gatherers (EHG), introduced via a proximal source related to the inhabitants of the Pontic-Caspian steppe (Western Steppe Herders) who are hypothesized to be the Proto-Indo-Europeans, and ~0.9-2.3% from the Iron Gates Hunter-Gatherers in the Balkans.
@@GON-f9l I have literally read these exact same studies, I know what I’m talking about. The Early European Farmers/Anatolian Neolithic Farmers came from the Middle East, namely Anatolia. While the ones who would later become the Minoans did migrate to Europe a couple thousand years before becoming an advanced civilization, which yes, is plenty of time to indigenize to the European continent, they still remained in frequent contact with the other early Near Eastern civilizations. The particular group of farmers that would become the Minoans really didn’t move that far. They just left Anatolia to some nearby island in the Aegean, which is a transcontinental region, I should add. And being in contact with these other Near Eastern civilizations clearly had an impact on them. For that reason, I don’t believe the Minoans should be classified as *purely* European. Or the Mycenaeans for that matter because they shared a similar background to the Minoans and ended up fully absorbing them and everything they had.
@@Pontus-dz2xh there is nothing "purely" European, Europeans descend from different groups of populations that migrated to Europe. What you say does not make sense, there it clearly says that the Minoans and Mycenaeans are similar to the rest of the European Neolithic populations, and to modern Greeks.
The Minoans are part of European culture and history whether you like it or not. That they are influenced by Middle Eastern culture does not make them any less European, the Greek states and Rome were also influenced by Middle Eastern cultures, and that does not make them any less European.
It seems that the books this is based on, "Civilizations of the World: The Major Cultural Spheres (new edition)" still is a bit out of date.
c. 5400 BC Sumerian civilization begins in South Iraq. Sumer & Eridu cities founded
c. 5500 to 2750 BC Cucuteni-Trypillia culture in Romania/Ukraine area had as large towns/cities as Sumer in Mesopotamia had.
---but the civilizations/cultures start being shown at 3,000 BC? They were all uncivilized before then?
also
800 BC to 200 BC the Tenocelome/Olmec civilization was in Central America, But you & the book show nothing then, or at any time until Columbus & Europe comes. Even the c. 1000 AD Pagan Vikings try to settle Canada is missed.
Me thinks I detect a bias.....
Lol...Lief Erkison who first landed in canada was Christian not pagan.
Because the vikings didn’t influence american culture at all
So no Incans, Aztecs or Malians?
The video is about the major cultural spheres. Not all the cultural spheres
@@CostasMelas ah ok
The Egyptian cultural sphere shown in the video is wrong, as it did not span the entirely of north Africa but only Egypt itself and Cyrenaica
Can you please upload that with higher quality?
Europe
To Costas Melas:
HELLO!!! Open your mind and your eyes! Visualize the entire planet in which all humans live, not just the people of the “Old World” (aka Eurasians). The concept of civilization is not restricted only to this continent. There is a whole hemisphere west of the Atlantic Ocean, with BRILLIANT cultures such as the Maya, the Aztec, and the Inca. Did they intentionally not teach them to you in grade school? What idea do you have of the pre-Colombian peoples of the Americas, uncivilized brutes? What about Sub-Saharan Africans? There is the empire of the Songhai, Mali, Kush, etc. The original centers of civilization are much more than the Eurasian ones.
This video is about the major cultural spheres. I have made another video for all cultures
Pretty colors
What is about Europeanization of Japan and South Korea?
They live nothing like Europeans.
I dont get this. No African, Latin American, Meso American, or Turkic cultural groups?
It is major cultural spheres
@@Cobijadetigre-ix8vt Latin America is very western, for example i am from Chile, and my skin color is white
@@CamilaMiranda3 occidente no es color de piel, y por qué hablan tan raro?
Would have loved also to see Meso-American, Andean, West African (Ghana, Mali, Songhay empires), Polynesian, Southeast Asia (Majapahit and Srivijaya), and maybe Central African (Kanem) and/or Southwest African (Great Zimbabwe, Swahili).
I think you forgot about Mesoamerican and Andean cultural spheres
The video is about the major cultural spheres. Not all the cultural spheres
How did Maghreb fall into Egyptian Cultural Sphere?
Because of the Libyco-Berbers which were in close contact with Egypt. They ruled part of Egypt during the last intermediate period
@@CostasMelas not a good reason
@@CostasMelas You overestimated the influence. Disliked
northern Arabian and southern Arabian civilization
This may as well have been a map of religions of the world
Naw, You might have that idea from a brief view, but get into it in any depth and it would look quite different.
Hebrew/Jewish would sit in a small Israel mixed with paganism(idolatry), until Isreal is conquered leading to a spread of Hebrew/Jewish into Egypt, Arabia, Persia - from there into S India, and central Asia and China. But it would pretty much always be a minority religion, under Egyptian paganism, under Persian Zoroastrianism, Under the Buddhism & Hinduism of S India and Central Asia, and under Chinese Taoism and Confucianism. Meanwhile in china there are also Buddhists and Zoroastrians coming in and other native Chinese religions like Mohism.
As far as Hinduism, it changes over the years in India, and competes with Jainism. And when Hinduism spreads into Indonesia and SE Asia it leaves the caste part. Later Hinduism is subsumed by the Buddhists - but there are divisions there too, some in Ceylon, S India & SE Asia, other to Tibet - others into N. India, China.
Never mind Christianity with all its factions from Iceland to China, or Islam with its divisions from Spain to W China.
And the ebbs and growth of these would be some thing.
And what would you do with temporary religions like Druidism, or Mithraism, or Manicheanism or Mohism? And what about the various American Native religions?
I think, it would not be correct to consider Egyptian and European as two different spheres
It could be argued if there was some connection between hieroglyphs and Aegean linear scripts. This does not seem to be the case. In general, the Aegean and Egypt have significant differences as do the cultural spheres they created
@@CostasMelas Don't agree Greek and Roman civilizations are considered as an European.
IMHO European civilization had been based on Germanic barbarian kingdoms.
@@TheBobVova no
@@TheBobVova That's kinda childish approach. The states of western Europe are indeed based on the germanic invasions but culturally even these germanics followed and succumbed to the civilization rules, plus religion of the continent's Grecoroman culture. Christianity, the classics, the laws, the overall understanding is the European civilization no matter if we are talking about germanics, slavs, Nordics etc...they all became part of it, adopted it and spread it after they adopted it as their own.
I saw the fade during the Greek Dark Age. Nice!
And I second the notion that the Egyptian Sphere went too far west and lasted too long. The Persians, Greeks, Carthaginians and Romans collectively should have squashed it by the time of Jesus.
Otherwise, love your stuff and a loyal subscriber.
Yes and Berbers weren’t influenced by them at all
I'd say Philippines is more of a European culture sphere than South Asian.
The UA-camr who made this video got the correct answer because-when you look at Filipino History in a WHOLISTIC manner, before European colonialism the Philippines is heavily influenced by Indian Culture like the rest of Southeast Asia and it has evolved differently from your typical Spanish Colony/Province. Also, most countries and nations around the world prioritize ETHNICITY first over Religion hence--Ethno-LINGUISTIC over Ethno-Religious even though such people groups both exist, it’s just that there’s numerically more Ethno-LINGUISTIC than Ethno- Religous
Filipino culture is influenced by Indo sphere before spain. Look at their writing scripts.
Aryan cultur
What about the Americas before Columbus?
That sphere probably doesn’t exist today
it would be cool to group all the indo european cultures as one to better visualize the massive influence some nomads had on the rest of the world thousands of years later
Norte Chico missing
Very subjective video.
The level of unchecked Eurocentric bias in your videos is sickening.
deal with it afrocentrlst
@@filipesugden1982 I'm not an Afrocentric. I have just as little respect for them as I do Eurocentrics. I just wish that historians were fair with their representations for African history instead of constantly undermining it.
@@FromNothing How is it Eurocentric? One could argue that he should have even made some areas MORE European. Such as Israel, Uruguay, Argentina, and Southern Brazil.
@@CyclismHS His "Rise of Civilizations" video for example shows no farming or civilizations anywhere in Sub-Saharan Africa besides the horn until Europeans arrived. He also blindly labels all Islamic states of Africa as "Arabic Civilization." His metallurgy video shows most of Sub-Saharan Africa still just barely transitioning into the iron age by the time Europeans arrive which is also untrue. This video in particular shows no civilizations anywhere outside of Europe or Asia until colonization. He could have included West African cultural sphere which encompasses much of the African continent, the Caribbean, and Latin America, much more than just Egypt which is very out of place. All other regions were continental (ie: Europe or West Asia) but Egypt is the only one that specifies a country. West Africa had a much wider cultural sphere of influence and would have fit the model of the video better. In all of his videos he seems to go out of his way to ignore African inclusion in world history and he ignores me or makes nonsensical excuses any time I ask about it.
@@FromNothing The African and American civilizations are been absorbed as peripheries of Western civilization. Their elite cultural expressions tend to be also that recognized by the West, their elites are educated in the West, the copy Western innovations in government even more completely than the Chinese communists do and so on. So their display as peripheries of the west makes sense.
You know, I just assumed in the rise of civilizations video he included shifting cultivation as nomads. So that shifting cultivation involving shifting of the homestead, even tho around the same locus would be included as nomadic. But thinking of it again, frequent rebuilding would probably remove some areas included as agricultural outside africa as well.
As for the Metals video, it is bad but had Africa transition in the 100s to 500s which is millenia late but far earlier than the arrival of european colonization.
Why is the US and Canada more Purple than the rest of America?
Local cultures are absent in these areas (most of USA and South-East Canada)
@@CostasMelas How come french Guiana is fully purple then?
Interesting that the Ethiopian civilization is considered part of the Egyptian cultural sphere and it is the major part of that cultural sphere that is still thriving today.
This video is wrong. We don’t use Egyptian language in church and if the Ge’ez script is considered Egyptian sphere so is Greek and Latin or any writing system besides Chinese scripts.
@@Zeyede_Seyumi don’t think Indian Script derived from egyptians
@@Zeyede_Seyumalso European civ wasn’t a cradle Like others so of course it was initially influenced by superior cultures but then it was so different it became another thing. Even Islam had influences from christianity and Judaism but they have been Rivals constantly
@@marcobelli6856 that’s right.
great video my brother, your channel is excellent, hope youll get 1M! 😊
Thank you
I am glad that you included Latin America as at least partially European. I consider Latin American to be Western. You should have also added Mesoamerican, Andean, Sahelian, coastal West African, Canaanite (Aramean, Jewish, and Phoenician), and Tibetan civilizations.
These spheres are subdivided into individual civilizations. See the description part
@@CostasMelas I understand. I think it would still make sense for a separate pre-Spanish conquest Mesoamerican sphere and an Andean sphere, along with a pre-Islamic West African sphere. These spheres fall under none of your spheres.
Well of course Latin America is Western spain is in Europe. But some countries have more natives other Even less than USA
This video is a little below the usually excellent quality I came to expect of this channel. Too simplistic. And having the Egyptian cultural sphere in north-western Africa for such a long period is probably wrong. Missing a lot of candidates for major cultural spheres that were only destroyed due to colonialism. Central Asian Soviet communist states and Kemalist Turkey are not categorized as European culture just because the population is Muslim.. Then again what do we even mean with cultural sphere...?
It is a series of historical factors and connections. Usually the boundaries of the sphere are revealed by the existence of a common historical scripts or religion. The case of the Egyptian sphere is indeed more complex, but even there the oriental Christianity tradition plays a primary role as well as the oriental scripts with Egyptian and Proto-Sinaitic origin
In fact, both West Asian civilization and South Asian civilization have undergone an interruption. After Western Asia was conquered by Persia, the original culture declined. After South Asian was conquered by the East Aryans, the original civilization also declined. Currently there are only three branches of Western civilization (including Greece, Persia, and East Aryan)
Both the Indo-European Iranians and the Indo-Aryans were greatly influenced by the pre-existing cultures of Mesopotamia/Elam and Indus Valley. Thus, the later cultures of West Asia and South Asia are very different
Indo-Aryan**
Also, West Asia wasn’t fully conquered by Persia, like most of Arabia was not. You can say that Persia conquered the Qedarites, who also influenced the rest of Arabia a great deal.
And Indo-Aryans didn’t entirely "conquer" in the sense of an unified large scale rapid conquest, but rather expanded through all methods, like military aid and adventures, trade, protection promises and later by the whole glory to be part of their culture.
The expansion and spread of Aryan cultured people was fast but not as fast as shown in the video. This video overestimated the time for a large scale spread of a culture (or cultural sphere) before Western colonization and even the first organised large military campaigns eons before that.
@@king_halcyon The central civilization of the western Asian sphere is Mesopotamian, not Iranian. It also affected Arabia and the Levant
Indo aryans didnt decline native culture. They got integrated into south asiam culture.
so ethiopia and eritera or the habesha are the only one that kept the egyptian culture intact.
This is a propaganda video by an Eurocentric.
@@Zeyede_Seyummake one yourself if you have time I am curious
Awesome as always!
Thank you
Very interesting to see many cultural spheres that I didn't even know
There like only like four important ones, which didn't you know?
the Malay Archipelago has its own major cultural sphere. such as gamelan, keris, silat and the architectural buildings themselves (Malay architecture) check on google, are very different from those in India which you color as orange. and They also have a literary book "the Malay pantun book" which contains about life, wisdom, antics, riddles etc which are practiced by all people in the Malay Archipelago. Pantun is the origin of the word "penuntun/guide" or "guide in the way of goodness" such as the literature of the Qur'an, Bible, Confucius
Very confused as to how ancient egyptian culture is alive and well in ethiopia lol😅. Can someone explain?
The Egyptian sphere is associated with Oriental Orthodox Christianity and ancient scripts around the Red Sea related to the Egyptian Hieratic script and Proto-Sinaitic. There were also a number of cultural elements that traveled via the Nile, agricultural crops, architecture, etc
Very interesting, but is hard to make those cultural spheres. Which is the basis to call the proto-Minoan or late Calcolithic Era peoples of Greece the European cultural sphere? Which criteria do you, or your sources, follow to say how many cultural spheres existed in the most distant past? Anyway this is a very interesting idea as a whole, but even if I mostly agreee with the topic, I think is quite subjective.
The Aegean civilization influenced both the Greeks and the Etruscans, so it can be considered the main cradle of European civilization
@@CostasMelas I understand your point, but I still see some subjective criteria. For example, we can not understand European civilization without the influence of the Celts, Slavs and Anglo-Saxon or Germanic peoples, but in this video they are not considered "European civilization" or inside it's sphere of influence because they are not Greeks nor the Roman Empire, so until Charlemagne they are not part of it. On the other side, this video says that modern Berbers from contemporary Morroco are somehow related to ancient Kemetic Egypt.
I understand the scope of the video and the difficulties it can imply, but it seems that there are five cultures or spheres in the world from the last 5000 years located in some places, while people outside of them had zero influence or relevance in world History, and that's not true. I know that it's not the idea the video tries to explain, but it can be inferred for some viewers due to lack of context.
Anyway, I mostly agree with the idea that there are cultures in the broadest sense that can be grouped and differenciated from others in Middle Ages or today, and are well depicted in general in this video. I consider this channel one of the best mapping references on UA-cam.
Nice concept
So I understand this is only 5 mayor culture spheres, what make this a bit off.
Funny how west Asian sphere goes from mayor civilization center, west of India to sphere of Islam.
Why don’t you come to India and Himalayas and check out the Islamic sphere yourself
@@sumanjha-g6i I don't understand what you mean by this. I would be happy to visit India and Himalayas but I'm too poor for that.
Only India and China has same people and culture how it was years ago .
Seems odd to me that Egypt and west Asia are considered to be separate cultures. I think there was a lot of interchange between the 2 cultures for millennia.
If I’m not mistaken, aren’t the Ethiopians more closely related to the hebrews and Arabs than they are to the ancient Egyptians?
The ancient South Arabic peoples (Ancient Yemenite) are influenced by Egypt. Proto-Sinaitic script for example the parent script of Hebrew and Ethiopian Geez script comes from Proto-Sinaitic which is influenced by Egyptian hieroglyphs.
@@CostasMelas Yes but they should be in the same sphere. Same genetics, mostly same language family, same general physical appearance (based on ancient DNA and physical anthropology), and directly linked by history and trade.
@@CostasMelas But by that same logic, the Greek and west Asian cultures would also be Egyptian, because their writing systems are derived from Egyptian hieroglyphics (Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, etc)
Egypt and Mesopotamia also experienced a lot of cultural exchange during invasions by the Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian Empires. These invasions are partially responsible for the development of the Hebrew people and later the God of Abraham
@@sockbot41 West Asia had a developed literary tradition before Egypt and adopted the Phonetian script enough not to be just as satellite.
@@ikengaspirit3063 Writing was invented in Egypt. The Egyptian Language was the word's first written language. Get educated before logign into the internet
But the first were africans and after them, arabs and mesopotamians
@@YoD-wh3mnEgypt is north African. It is closer to Libya than to Saudis.
@Yo D Egypt is African not Middle Eastern.
@@YoD-wh3mnit's a geographical region but not a historical region so you are right
I'm Egyptian and yes we are North African Mediterraneans we're neither middle Eastern nor Asian nor arabs
@@ASMM1981EGY Egyptians of today at least, are Arabs.
Russia should me more european
Perhaps it is like that because the amount of diferent ethnicities there are, it is a very rich country
He Made moscow purple and Siberia only striped so it’s accurate
most siberia of siberia and northern part of european russia is very sparsely populated.
But what about Bangladesh as the West Asian Culture? Bangladesh is also a Muslim country, not Hindu. It should be corrected a bit.
It has green stripes. Although a Muslim country has more elements of the South Asian sphere such as writing system, traditions, etc.
Thank you
This isn't the same as Hindu-Muslim. Its about culture influence. Bangladesh still has more of an Indian influence than an Islamic one. Religion is not the only determinant of civilization and culture.
Indo sphere is not just Hindu sphere. Theravada Buddist and Jain, Sikh, Indo - Sufi Islam is Indo sphere. Bangladesh is Islam but its influenced by India's Sufism.
One thing that several East Asian countries /regions are in European influence. Example : Taiwan,Japan , South Korea and Thailand
Nah
For example Indo sphere share same religions, same scripts ( Brahmi/Indic ), similar dress codes. Similar Architecture.
America: 🗿
See also:
twitter.com/Costas_Melas
facebook.com/people/Costas-Melas-Page/100090025323926/
You do awesome works , can we know from any country you are ???
Greek, he's Greek.
You know it's a good day when this guy uploads
Beautiful mapping
Thank you
It isn't Egyptian, it is Nile and it had its start in Nubia not Egypt so by the 3000 start date when all of the Egyptian nile is included, all of the Nubian nile north of Alodia should be included as well. European civilization should be similarly shown as emerging from Egyptian and East Asian civilization as it did.
As someone else said, all of the world is under Euro influence now, so lightest stripes of Blue?.
And I don't know if Sahelian should have been included or not. As while it spans a significant area, like the rest of Africa its elites have been captured into just being part of the Western periphery.
Started in Egypt during the Paleolithic Ages. Don't spread nonsense
@@ASMM1981EGY Started in lower Nubia during the late neolithic, both the culture and the final unification.
@@ikengaspirit3063 Paleolithic is older than Neolithic so you don't even know what you're talking about. Also Nubia wasn't part of Egyptian Unification to start it in the first place unification started in upper Egypt in Sohag region. Stop being ign0r@nt
How similar are ethiopian and ancient egypt culture?
The later stage of Egyptian has many common elements with the Ethiopian culture (oriental christianity, obelisk monuments, Ge'ez script has indirect Egyptian origin etc)
@@CostasMelas We can say the same about Greek and Latin script since your alphabet came from Egypt and so is your sculpture. But you didn’t color it since it doesn’t align with your agenda. Ethiopia ❌ Egypt
Great work!
Thank you
Nice video.
Thank you
3:50 why is west India under Gupta in part European influence
Greek influence remained until the middle period of the Kushan Empire
please take this video down until you correct it. europeans are the the only relevant cultural influence in the western hemisphere & subsaharan africa? this is embarrassingly ignorant.
There are also many other cultures in these places, so there are white areas and stripes.
Is Mongolia closer to West Asian culture sphere
абсурд і скажэньне Фактау́ ))
?
Ukrainian comment
Hey you left out the yamnaya. Endoeuropean ,herders, first horsemen. Spawners of most of the languages
Culturally they submitted to the above cultural spheres, adopting their elements such as writing and religion.
Great video man
Thank you very much
@@CostasMelas you're welcome
❤️❤️❤️
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And Israel?
Money culture
@@usuarioanonimo5899 so, it's western.
West Asian Cultural Sphere. See the description part below the video
@@CostasMelas but it's the enemy of the other west Asian countries.
@@edmarclavijo3393so what ? Do you know ww2 ?
The European culture is the best. High civilisation! It gives
the democracy!
Greek and Roman have no common with Europe.
as an italian you are wrong rome and greece civilised Europe@@TheBobVova
@@marcolino7375 European civilization is a bunch of Germanic barbaric kingdoms.
Ancient Rome and Greece are Mediterranean civilization.
Also, Italy and ancient Rome have no common things. Just a geography.
Genius Europe is not just north Europe spain portugal italy france are as much european as germany sweden belgium. Like asia is not only china. Also you may think greek and roman culture wasn't important to european history but your opinion is not shared by historians. You are writing this comment in a germanic language written in the latin alphabet this alone is proof of what was the dominant culture in the day. And when the western part of the empire fell the romans were not ethnic cleansed and you can find descendant of them all over italy and europe and anatolia. Saying italy has no connection to rome is like saying tha usa has no connection to britain.Of course both the Usa and Italy have many people not british in the case of Usa and not latin in the case of italy (we have arab mixing in the south and other smaller mixing in the north due to foreigners who ruled the italian peninsula after the fall of Rome, like lombards ecc...) but still if you had read a genetic study you will find that these mixing in italy interest a minority of the population (like sicily in the south and Trentino alto adige in the north) but still the bulk of the population of the other 18 of 20 regions of italy has the same genetic it had 2000 years ago. You think modern migration apply to ancient time but the reality is more people migrated in the last 100 years thean it the previous 1900. And italy is one of the only ethnostates still in the world (with china japan anda bunch of others).
@@TheBobVova
@@marcolino7375 Greece was connected with Mesopotamia and Egypt through Hellenic world. So, it was Mediterranean civilization.
Spain, France and Italy were fool of Germanic tribes and kingdoms. They are Europe, right. Ancient Greece and Rome are not.
Rome died in 1453.
Modern Italy is a union of Medieval states, such like Florence Republic, Milan, Venice, etc.