#15 of 16: PAKISTAN: ORIGINS, IDENTITY, AND FUTURE
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- Опубліковано 14 вер 2023
- Pervez Hoodbhoy in conversation with Shaheryar Azhar
-- Pakistan reinvents itself after 1971
-- Aspirations for leading the Muslim world
-- Bhutto helped create Islamic extremism
-- Zia-ul-Haq redefines Pakistan
-- Musharraf’s formula for Kashmir
-- Imran Khan’s search for the Medina state
The international edition (Routledge) of this book is available from: www.amazon.com/Pakistan-Perve... , and the local (Pakistani) version from:
foliobooks.pk/book-author/per...
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
o Front cover endorsement by Noam Chomsky
o Back cover endorsements
o Acknowledgments
o About the author
o Foreword by Christophe Jaffrelot
o Why this Book?
o Charting the Labyrinth
- Myths of a nation’s origin
- Exclusivism as philosophy
- Was Partition accidental?
- The book’s expeditionary map (Parts I-V)
o Part One: Long Before The Two Nation Idea
1. Identity formation in medieval India
- The herd instinct
- India without nations
- The Sanskrit controversy
- Muslim invasions
- Mughal era purifiers of Islam
- Conclusion
2. The British reinvent India
- Colonialism quietly sneaks in
- The Great Mutiny - a watershed
- Demoralized Muslim ashrafiyya
- Exception: the United Provinces
- The Muslim predicament
- Modernity impacts Muslims
- Modernity impacts Hindus
- Ways begin to part
o Part Two: A Closer Look At Pakistan’s Three Founder-Heroes
3. Founder I: the lonely modernizer
- Early years
- It’s okay to eat mangos
- Metamorphosis to modernity
- Siding with the British
- An unabashed elitist
- The non-communal Sir Syed
- Sir Syed communalizes
- Sir Syed’s mixed legacy
4. Founder II: premier poet-preacher-politician
- Everyone loves Iqbal
- Biographical sketch
- Philosopher or just philosophical?
- Iqbal uses languages selectively
- Iqbal on faith versus reason
- Iqbal’s physics/math criticisms
- Iqbal’s “higher” communalism
- Iqbal on women
- Iqbal on theocracy
- Iqbal on blasphemy
- Iqbal and Sir Syed compared
5. Founder III: liberal-secular-visionary?
- Did Jinnah have a plan?
- Anticipating dependence
- Did Jinnah not want Pakistan?
- Jinnah - the man
- Did Jinnah want secularism?
- Jinnah fuses politics with religion
- Jinnah and the Islamic state
- Jinnah’s Shia problem
- A master tactician not strategist
6. Jinnah trounces his Muslim opponents
- Maududi - Jinnah’s nemesis
- Azad - the prescient cleric
- Bacha Khan - the peaceful Pathan
- Who won, who lost?
o Part Three: Postnatal Blues
7. Stubborn angularities I: Bengal
- A snapshot of history
- Mocking Bangla
- The road to separation
- Punjab still doesn’t want to know why
- Bangladesh overtakes Pakistan
- Final reflections
8. Stubborn angularities II: Balochistan
- A shotgun wedding
- Baloch identity emerges
- Changes since 1947
- Too rich to be left alone
- CPEC and Balochistan
- The secession question
- The way forward
o Part Four: Five Big Questions
9. Was Partition worth the price?
- The no-Pakistan option
- Socialist utopia rejected
- Mobilizing the Muslim masses
- The winners
- The losers
- The cobra effect
10. What is the ideology of Pakistan - and why does it matter?
- Ideology defined
- Hindutva ideology
- Pakistan ka matlab kya?
- The weaponization of ideology
- Resolving the ideology conundrum
11. Why couldn’t Pakistan become an Islamic state?
- Warmup: a Christian state
- Who speaks for Islam?
- Qur’an and Islamic state
- Islamic scholars on the Islamic state
- Model I: The Medina state
- Model II: Maudoodi’s Islamic state
- Model III: The Taliban state
- The caliphate’s undying appeal
- The ummah and pan-Islamism
- What created political Islam?
- What if Pakistan becomes an Islamic sharia state?
- Is a liberal sharia state possible?
12. Why is Pakistan a praetorian state?
- The Establishment defined
- Bankrupt political class
- A once apolitical army
- America’s junior partner
- Strong men make weak countries
- Wars of choice
- Cross-border jihad - a failed experiment
- Courting the blasphemy-busters
- India under martial law?
13. Identity crisis: I’m Pakistani but what am I?
- Inventing an ancient Pakistan
- Telling Hindu from Muslim
- State imposed identity
- Cultural orphans
- The first Pakistani
- Arab Wannabe Syndrome
- My name is Ertugrul
- Citizens and subjects
- Price of prejudice
- The overseas Pakistani
- Folks: here’s what I really am!
o Part Five: Looking Ahead
14. Three imminent physical perils
- Climate change
- Population bomb
- Nuclear war
- Prognosis up to 2047
15. The paths travelled post-1971
- Experiment One - Vengeance
- Experiment Two - Nizam-e-Mustafa
- Experiment Three - Enlightened moderation
- Experiment Four - Hybrid regime
- Why the experiments failed
16. Replacing the Two Nation Theory
- End legalized discrimination
- Spread the wealth
- Pakistan not Punjabistan
- Uncage the women
- Give skills don’t brainwash
- Cool down Kashmir
- Send army to the barracks
- Epilogue
o Index
Hypocracy is naturally an essential part of the faith, as Al Takkaiyya is Halal.
When Pakistan has no way except religion how can u say that it lost its ways . From Jinnah to Imran Khan religion was the only way out .
These interviews are a must for everyone
Dr. HOODBHOY, please note that current BJP is not different in the sense you seem to be suggesting. Due to continuous bad behavior by Pakistan, less flexibility and stronger reaction was inevitable from any government in charge of India.
How true!
❤
A very good presentation of Pakistan, its origins, identity and future. I followed all the 15 videos and learned a lot about Pakistan. Pakisian is a much smaller country when compared to India. If India can progress in spite of all its complexity and problems Pakistan defitely can prospe but without peace with India it cannot happen. Unfortunately Pakistani army wants a perpetual war with India.
46' election result mmosslim constituency --- (Bombay Province 100% vote goes to M.League, Madras Province 100% , Bengal 95%, Assam 91%, Orissa 100%, Central Province 93% so on so on.......... still congress didnot do population exchange...
But on the other hand, the Parliament of Pakistan further extended scope of the Blasphemy law by including Sahabas too.
This has started problems with Shias of GB.
A staric answer (religion) cannot be a solution to a dynamic problem (functional societies). The best that religion can do is be a source of mental peace on a *personal* level, but not more than that. Unfortunately, the toxic M&M candy (Mullah and Military) is being fed to the masses and they are still far away from understanding this obvious fact.
Sir pls try to speak English pls.
Indian muslim league of jinnah and Hindu mahasabha of savarker have adopted same political path , if India opted Hindu mahasabha path Manusmriti would be our constitution, the geography of india would be different, with different economy, education etc. Nepal was hindurashtra without education, economy, similar is the condition of Afghanistan, Pakistan etc. Now Indian have to decide what political path are being opted.
Two nation theory is absolute BS as pointed out by Islamic scholar Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
Fact is, two nation theory was backed by the Nawabs and Muslim elite many of foreign origin who abhorred at the thought of living under the rule of those over whom they ruled for centuries.
In this home for the Muslim elites of the subcontinent, there's no place for non elite Muslims of the subcontinent, many from the dalit community who converted to Islam to escape the oppressive Hindu caste system.
This is why the two nation theory failed not in 1971 but in 1947 itself when Pakistani Punjab refused to accept the Mohajirs from India.
All the Mohajirs were dumped in Karachi with next to nil support from the government, unwanted in the country they called home.
This became amply clear when Pakistan shut its borders to Muslim refugees from India in 1950. This is the same year when Pakistani state engineered riots in Sindh and East Bengal to chase away the large Hindu community who remained in Pakistan after 1947.
If India did the same thing to the Muslims who remained in India, Pakistan would have collapsed in 1950 itself.
West Pakistan was basically a recruitment ground for the colonial British India Army. It had next to negligible economy if one discounts Karachi.
East Bengal had a larger economy than West Pakistan in 1947.
After the coup in 1958, resources from East Pakistan were diverted to West Pakistan leading to West overtaking East Pakistan in 1960s.
This was one of the major cause for eventual split of Pakistan in 1971.
But, the real reason why East Pakistan split from West Pakistan is attack on East Bengal Regiment by West Pakistani troops during operation Searchlight. East Bengal Regiment played a crucial role in defense of Lahore during the 1965 war and received the largest number of gallantry awards.
If West Pakistani troops didn't attack East Bengal Regiment, the paramilitary and police of East Pakistan today Pakistan would still be united. These forces became the Mukti Bahini.
Breakup of Pakistan in 1971 was not only exit of 52% of the population but loss of almost 50% of Pakistan's economy and 70% of Pakistan's foreign exchange earnings from the jute trade.
After 1971, Pakistan has been kept on life support system by America, Saudi Arabia and China.
After 2021, US support to Pakistan fizzled out leading to current never ending social, political and economic crisis.
It is economy more than anything else that keeps a nation united no matter how disparate.
To climb out of current morass Pakistan first needs to fix its economy for which the country has to be led by a group of subject matter experts and not the politicians or generals.
Lessons for India , if it carries with extreme Hindutva policy of RSS all the hard work, economic development and future progress will be in jeopardy. What happened in Pakistan with their pro Islamic policy can easily happen in India with their pro Hindu policy.