Dark Side History: The Lakhmids, an Arab Kingdom before Islam! (c.300-602 AD)
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- Опубліковано 4 вер 2024
- The Lakhmids or Banū Lakhm were an Arab kingdom that existed just before the time of Islam (c.300-602 AD). Similar to how the Christian Arab Ghassanids, another contemporary Arab kingdom/dynasty, were vassals of the Romans, the Lakhmids (also referred to as al-Manadhira or Naṣrids in reference to their ruling dynasty) were vassals of the Sassanid Persian Empire, that often fought in various proxy wars until they were eventually absorbed into the Persian empire. This video will be an overview of this pre-Islamic Arabic kingdom & their famous white marble capital city of Hira.
Please don't be afraid to comment or voice any questions as I love interacting with you my dear viewers and I will try to respond as quickly as possible to you. Also, please like and subscribe & push the bell icon as those actions helps notify you about new releases and helps this channel grow!
Links to other videos of interest:
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The Nabateans, A greek influenced Arabian Kingdom: • Dark Side History: Nab...
The Ethiopic Yemeni Indian Triangle Trade Network!: • Dark Side History: The...
Sources and further reading:
Atchison-Day, S. (2020). The Expansion of Christianity in the Pre-Islamic Middle East: from Edessa to ’Uman. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
A. Palmer & (contr) P. Brock & R. G. Hoyland, 1993, The Seventh Century In The West-Syrian Chronicles Including Two Seventh-Century Syriac Apocalyptic Texts
Bosworth, C. E. (1983). "Iran and the Arabs Before Islam". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 593-612.
Fisher, Greg (2011). "Kingdoms or Dynasties? Arabs, History, and Identity before Islam". Journal of Late Antiquity. 4 (2): 245-267.
Fisher, G., & Wood, P. (2016). Writing the History of the “Persian Arabs”: The Pre-Islamic Perspective on the “Naṣrids” of al-Ḥīrah. Iranian Studies, 49(2), 247-290.
Greatrex, G., & Lieu, S. N. C. (2002). Justinian’s Second Persian War: diplomatic relations (545-562): Diplomatic relations (545-62) The continuing war between the Ghassanids and the Lakhmids (545-50/1). In The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 363-628 (pp. 155-166). Routledge.
Mishin, D. Y. (2022). A contribution to re-constructing the Lakhmids’ chronology in the 5th century. Vostok (Moscow, Russia : 1991), 2,
Lakhmid Dynasty. (2020). In Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.
Shahîd, Irfan (1995). Byzantium and the Arabs in the sixth century Vol. 1. P. 1 Political and military history. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
Shahîd, Irfan (2009). Byzantium and the Arabs in the sixth century Vol. 2. P. 2 Economic, social, and cultural history. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
Ṭabarī, Abī Jaʻfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr & Nīsābūrī, al -Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad et al., [839-923], Tarikh al-rusul Wa'l-Muluk (The history of al-Tabari), editied by Abū Khālid, Albany, State University of New YorkPress. 1987
Toral-Niehoff, Isabel (2013). "Late Antique Iran and the Arabs: The Case of al-Hira*". Journal of Persianate Studies. 6 (1-2). Brill: 115-126
#history #Arabic_history #Lakhmids #nasrids #benulakhm #Ghassanids #beforeIslam
I hope you liked this video about the Arab Lakhmid kingdom. Please, don't be afraid to comment or voice any questions as I love interacting with you my dear viewers and I will try to respond as quickly as possible to you. Also, please like, subscribe & push the bell icon as those actions do help this channel to grow!
Edit: At 4:41 The Arabs were the ones who defeated the Persians at Dhu Qar initially (and this became regarded as a great victory), but eventually the Persians won subsequent victories there and eventually prevailed in the war by taking Al-Hira.
can you suggest me some book on lakhmid and gassanid for details?
@@baba.volanath 👍In English I would recommend:
Shahîd, Irfan (1995). Byzantium and the Arabs in the sixth century Vol. 1. P. 1 Political and military history. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
Shahîd, Irfan (2009). Byzantium and the Arabs in the sixth century Vol. 2. P. 2 Economic, social, and cultural history. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
Zahrān, Yāsamīn. 2009. The Lakhmids of Hira : Sons of the Water of Heaven. London: Stacey International.
And in Arabic some source literature like:
Balaadhurii, Aḥmad ibn Yaḥya (1917 [d. 892 ]) kitaab futuuḥu l-buldaan. Lief. 1-2, Leipzig:
Ṭabarī, Abī Jaʻfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr & Nīsābūrī, al -Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad et al., [839-923], Tarikh al-rusul Wa'l-Muluk (The history of al-Tabari), editied by Abū Khālid, Albany, State University of New YorkPress. 1987
There are also Arabic poetry about Hira but there you would have to search individually for each piece and book collection of poems.
Though it should be stated that most research about them is in article form and there are many articles that one could look into depending upon the research matter, but these above are some of the books which I could recommend looking into.
I hope this was sufficient.
👍
Really unfortunate that this history is overlooked. Thanks for shedding light on it. More videos on this period would be great.
👍Yes, the lakhmids, despite actually leaving for example a significant poetic legacy and being referenced in some very important arab family lines, does kind of fall in the shadow of later arabic-islamicate history. I do plan to make some more future videos about this as I do have a lot of material to work with here (a lot of material end up on the cutting board floor or just spared for future video ideas), I just have to organize it into videos.
Good vid - a comment to help with the algorithm.
Thank you!👍
Could you please one day do a video about the life of Hasan ibn Zayd ? Its really a fascinating story about a man almost single handedly took power in Tabaristan and kept it against all odds despite facing superior opponents like the Saffarid and Samanid Empires and been encercled on all sides by ennemy local rulers like the Justanids and Bavandids. It really feels like Game of Thrones as Hasan ibn Zayd's life is filled with betrayal, wars, plots etc...
👍Sure I can (I have written it on my to do list), and he is an interesting figure in interesting times as he is an example of how regionalized & chaotically fractured politics became in the shadow of the chaos of Samarra period.
@@theculturedjinniIf you do a video about him, please try to explain who are the 2 "Sons of Rustam" who rebelled in Tabaristan and invited him to be their leader. I always wonder who are these 2 guys...
@@History_Teller1250 Will do! There are some interesting interpretations about them.
I personally think it's innacurate to say he took power single handedly or that he kept it. He was offered the throne of Tabaristan practicly on a golden plate by the sons of Rustam and althought he died as King in the end, his entire reign was just being invaded, getting kicked out, engage in guerilla warfare in the mountains and in the end returning to power once his ennemies got weak or were preoccupied somewhere else. The third Alid Imam of Tabaristan however, Hasan al-Utrush, deserves praise. He (Really this time) took power single handedly by his own efforts and (Really this time) kept it against superior opponents by standing his ground and defeating them on the field. And all this while being totally deaf due to a torture he endured before he became ruler. Now that's a ruler worthy of respect...
as a person who’s family history is so complex, i find this video so informative and has definitely taught me so much more about my own history!
i wish there were more videos around talking about arabic history (specifically pre-islamic arabia) as well as the persians relation to them because i can’t seem to find much (if any) historical references that talk about this, and pre-islamic arabia is *rarely* talked about, even in arabic countries!
also something i found kinda funny was the poets from this tribe because i, as well as many from my family, have always had a special connection with poetry 😂
👍 I am glad you liked it and I do plan to make more videos about pre-Islamic Arabia and Persia certainly was influential on the Arabian peninsula & influenced several pre-islamic Arabic developments, which makes it likely that I will mention them more in the future.
Speaking about the Lakhmids & poets, I also have a finished script (but no recording & video editing) written about a certain famous pre-islamic poet prince that was associated with the Lakhmid court, though of the Lakhmids' allies the Tayyi' tribe. So that is video that will come sometime in the future. The lakhmids though not as great in their poetic legacy as the Ghassanids they still left a large important legacy of poetry through patronage that is still recited to this very day and their greatness got recited and referenced in later poetry too. The only dynasty that comes close in Islamic times in importance of Poetic patronage and in fame due to their patronage is the Hamdanids under Sayfu d-dawla. So if you have a special connection to Arab poetry it is no wonder that you will feel a special connection to the Lakhmids & their poetic legacy.
Interesting stuff
👍I am glad you found it interesting! It is a kingdom that has fallen a bit in the shadow of the later Islamic-arabic history.
I also hope my previous & future stuff will also be as interesting for you too! 👍
5:15
Also, Persian hard rule probably explains their willingness to convert to Islam post the invasions.
Probably a lot did convert due to that, I can see people doing it considering the new situation and the previous issues with the persian. Though, I think there are even christian Arab groups that claim lakhmid descent in Iraq (name escapes me right now, but it was not any major thing since I did not include it in the final video) so it is probable that just like the Ghassanids, some converted wheres others did not. There is also some debate if the nestorian east christian tradition seen in the eastern middle east is actually descended from the lakhmids or if it appeared and coalesced into its current tradition through several separate groups.
Underrated Channel,
👍 I am glad you think so!
@@theculturedjinni You have potenial for sure, but I think you're talking about the wrong topics, no one knows who is Lakhmids, a better topic would be the Rise of Islam, which would cater to your demographic more.
@@user-du7ts4cd1x 👍I am playing to do a series of videos related to the rise of Islam, but I want to build up kind of a background for this. Also, one of the points of this channel is also to discuss more forgotten/unknown "dark" history too, so the lakhmids kind of fit both purposes.
Amazing! Did you know what the personal body guards of the kings of the Lakhmids was called the Al-Shaba?
I have have a feeling...
👍
I did not know that and are you sure it was just al-shaba? was it not al-sha'b= the people/tribe or some variant from sh +b+b = having to do with the youth(s)? (Sometimes transliteration from Arabic into latin can be very tricky and miss a lot of nuance)
i hope one day the Middle East also develops neo-Pagans like we have in the West 😂 pre-Islamic cultures have fascinated me ever since i learned how Greeks in Afghanistan were part of the drive towards Buddhism 😛
Very much depends upon the neo-pagan groups in question though and how much they stick to the ancient traditions! Some of the polytheistic religions of the Middle East were pretty extreme. I would not want Phoenician child sacrifice or the bloody warrior cults of Assyria that regularly collected human skulls dedicated to Ashshur, or the sacrificial torture cults of early south Arabian civilization to come back!
But, yes the pre-islamic middle east is also interesting with many fascinating developments (though admittedly I prefer the Islamicate Middle East as it is just where my personal preference in history lies).👍
@@theculturedjinni some Lebanese groups identify the Lebanese people as "Phoenicians", which i find fascinating, or at least, i find the potential for overcoming some of the Christian/Muslim factionalism by emphasizing the shared genetic and cultural history of the Lebanese, to be fascinating.
im sure its a pipedream, but maybe one day Israelis and Palestinians can emphasize the shared genetic and cultural history of their peoples. maybe...........
@@beepboop204 "some Lebanese groups identify the Lebanese people as "Phoenicians" "
This is true, and it is also kind of part of local Lebanese regionalism and is also part of trying to distinguish themselves from the greater Arab world, for good or ill. I personally think that they also have a lot of great shared heritage with their Arabic neighbors too that the Pheonician origin kind sets up a contrast to or is an addition to depending upon viewpoint.
"im sure its a pipedream, but maybe one day Israelis and Palestinians can emphasize the shared genetic and cultural history of their peoples. maybe..........."
Maybe, but there is such a larger difference in the culture and history there that makes that unlikely though not impossible, as more unlikely things have happened in history. I also wish peace to that area.
4:41 The Arabs were the ones who defeated the Persians at Dhu Qar. That battle inspired the Muslim Arabs to conquer Persia.
👍Yes initially this was the case as stated in Ṭabarī , you are correct, through the sources are interpreted as to have been several battles at dhu Qar (it was after all close to their capital which was the main area of target) at different dates all ranging from 602-22, and these (& this specific battle) were followed eventually by Persian victory absorbing the Arab groups in the area. I admit my mistake here in that I glossed over this and stated something that ought to have rather been stated more clearly as to avoid confusion, my bad. Good to you for pointing this out, though.👍
And yes the initial victory at Dhu Qar was inspiring for the arabs and showed that they could win against the Persians if the conditions were right.
I have now updated the attached post to mention this in regards to 4:41.
Dhi Qar was just a small skirmish between a Sasanian battalion and the Arabs, but the Umayyad Christian poet Al-Akhtal magnified the importance of the battle in his poems during his poetic battle with the Muslim poet Jarir.
@@Faisal-pb5gu You might be correct in that It might have been a small skirmish that was over-magnified in importance. It does seem like a minor setback at most since the Sassanids did eventually win.
The lakhmids were already betraying the sassanids by the time of khosrow parviz. They shelterd rebels and refused to pay tributes to the King. The whole duaghter story is just an excuse, and they would have eventually joined the islamc forces regardless of getting absorbed or not. btw great channel!
👍 I am glad you like my channel!
Regarding the Lakmids, from what I know that they did was that they sheltered Christians that fled from the Sassanid empire during persecutions but that occurred more than century before they were absorbed making it unlikely to be any cause for the absorption and regarding the tribute from which source is this? (I am genuinely interested because I did not come over it in my research), furthermore I do not think it is absolutely sure that the Lakhmids would join the Islamic forces as they were still not Muslims and it is not like all other Arab groups joined the Islamic armies willingly without a fight.
Anyway the Lakhmids are an interesting entity and so are their overlords the Sassanids, which I intend to make some future videos about too as they are quite contextually important for a lot of Middle Eastern history.
I thought the manathira مناذرة were zoroastrian 😮😮
شكرا
👍Some sources indicate they where Christian (of the eastern neostorian tradition) wheres other say they were Zoraoastrian, I am more inclined towards Christianity due to how they protected Christians against Sassanid persecutions, but there is not a clear picture here, so I just mentioned them as possibly being christian, as I did not want to give definite judgement.
@@theculturedjinni
The Lakhmid were also patrons of Manichaeism
But they were mostly pagans and Crypto-Christians
@@Faisal-pb5gu The Lakhmids religious background is very hard to pin down and they possibly were supporters of many different faiths at various times.
@@theculturedjinni
The matter depends on the Sassanian Shah’s view of his non-Zoroastrian subjects
@@Faisal-pb5gu Yes and no, as the Lakhmids did become a sanctuary for christian refuges during some of the Sassanids periods of persecution against christians. So they were not totally in step with the Sassanids, but being a client satrap they must also have followed the Sassanids to at least some degree.
1:45
I hope you liked it and that there was no issue here?👍
The early Islamic period from 622 CE to 661 CE is a black whole it is still a big mystery to me how Arabia was unified before 622 CE in Arabia existed so many religions and civilizations but there are some clues like the last Roman- Sassanid which was from 602 CE to 628 CE between the Romans and the Persians the Arabs were aware of a war going on in the lands of romans and the Persians after the war was over both of the empire were very weak leading to the Arab conquest but the question is who unified Arabia into a single nation? also one more thing the verse in the Quran which may or may not refer to the Roman-Persian war may have been added later because the surah doesn't give us much detail on the conflict it just says in a far away land the romans have been defeated soon they will be victorious no mention of the Sassanid Empire so it could be that the verse is talking about a different Roman defeat. Because the Quranic text is so jumbled up the narrative shifts unclear verses there are so many mysteries, we don't even know the Quran that we today is the exactly same let alone we don't even when Quran was first written or who came up with it. A s for now its safe to say that Quran is collection of legends and mythologies and vague events that were orally recited or were later interpolations that led to the creation of the quran as we know it today.
A lot of the history around the Arabic peninsula and its surrounding area is a bit vague at this time and you are right that the closest sources, such as the Quran is not exactly clear with regards to these things. Though it is not unconceivable that something close to the Islamic narrative did happen, with the various tribes being united under strong religious leadership and then turned towards conquest of the rest of the Middle East and North Africa. After all we have seen similar with the neo-Assyrians re-uniting after the bronze age collapse, Persians uniting under the Achemenid dynasty to conquer, the Greeks under the Macedonians and Alexander the Great, the mongols under djingis khan and many more examples.
Sana'a manuscript, one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts, found, in 1972 during the restoration of the Great Mosque of Sana'a. Carbon 14 dating of one of its sheets indicates a date before 655. Probably around the reign of Umar bin Khattab.
Ar-Rum 30:2
غُلِبَتِ ٱلرُّومُ
The Romans have been defeated
Ar-Rum 30:3
فِىٓ أَدْنَى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَهُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ
In the nearest land. But they, after their defeat, will overcome
Ar-Rum 30:4
فِى بِضْعِ سِنِينَۗ لِلَّهِ ٱلْأَمْرُ مِن قَبْلُ وَمِنۢ بَعْدُۚ وَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَفْرَحُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ
Within three to nine years. To Allah belongs the command [i.e., decree] before and after. And that day the believers will rejoice
Ar-Rum 30:5
بِنَصْرِ ٱللَّهِۚ يَنصُرُ مَن يَشَآءُۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ
In the victory of Allah. He gives victory to whom He wills, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.
Ar-Rum 30:6
وَعْدَ ٱللَّهِۖ لَا يُخْلِفُ ٱللَّهُ وَعْدَهُۥ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
[It is] the promise of Allah. Allah does not fail in His promise, but most of the people do not know.
Ar-Rum 30:7
يَعْلَمُونَ ظَٰهِرًا مِّنَ ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ عَنِ ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ هُمْ غَٰفِلُونَ
They know what is apparent of the worldly life, but they, of the Hereafter, are unaware.
The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land, and they, after their defeat, will be victorious. In Bid`i years. The decision of the matter, before and after is only with Allah. And on that day, the believers will rejoice. With the help of Allah. He helps whom He wills, and He is the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful. A promise from Allah, and Allah fails not in His promise, but most men know not.
They know only the outer appearance of the life of the world, and they are heedless of the Hereafter.
Foretelling the Victory of the Romans
These Ayat were revealed about the victory of Sabur, the king of Persia, over Ash-Sham (Greater Syria), the adjoining partisan states of the Arabian Peninsula, and the outlying regions of the land of the Romans.
Heraclius, the emperor of the Romans, was forced to flee to Constantinople where he was besieged for a lengthy period. Then Heraclius regained the upper hand.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, commented on this Ayah:
الم
غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ
فِي أَدْنَى الاَْرْضِ
Alif Lam Mim.
The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land,
He said,
"They were defeated and then they were victorious."
He said,
"The idolators wanted the Persians to prevail over the Romans, because they were idol worshippers, and the Muslims wanted the Romans to prevail over the Persians, because they were People of the Book. This was mentioned to Abu Bakr, who mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah. The Messenger of Allah said:
أَمَا إِنَّهُمْ سَيَغْلِبُون
They will certainly prevail.
Abu Bakr mentioned this to the idolators, and they said,
"Set a time limit for that, and if we prevail, we will get such and such; and if you prevail, you will get such and such."
So he set a limit of five years, and they (the Romans) did not prevail.
Abu Bakr mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah and he said:
أَلَا جَعَلْتَهَا إِلَى دُونَ أُرَاهُ قَالَ الْعَشْرِ
Why do you not make it less than I (the narrator) think he meant less than ten.
Sa`id bin Jubayr said:"Bid` means less than ten."
Then the Romans were victorious, and he said,
"That is what Allah said:
الم
غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ
فِي أَدْنَى الاَْرْضِ وَهُم مِّن بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ
فِي بِضْعِ سِنِينَ لِلَّهِ الاَْمْرُ مِن قَبْلُ وَمِن بَعْدُ وَيَوْمَيِذٍ يَفْرَحُ الْمُوْمِنُونَ
بِنَصْرِ اللَّهِ يَنصُرُ مَن يَشَاء وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
Alif Lam Mim.
The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land, and they, after their defeat, will be victorious. In Bid`i years. The decision of the matter, before and after is only with Allah. And on that day, the believers will rejoice -- with the help of Allah. He helps whom He wills, and He is the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful.
This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. At-Tirmidhi said:"Hasan Gharib."
Another Hadith
Abu Isa At-Tirmidhi recorded that Niyar bin Mukram Al-Aslami said:
"When the following Ayat were revealed:
الم
غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ
فِي أَدْنَى الاَْرْضِ وَهُم مِّن بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ
فِي بِضْعِ سِنِينَ
.
Alif Lam Mim.
The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land, and they, after their defeat, will be victorious. In Bid` years.
on the day they were revealed, the Persians were prevailing over the Romans. The Muslims wanted the Romans to prevail over them (the Persians), because they were both people who followed a Book.
Concerning this Allah said:
وَيَوْمَيِذٍ يَفْرَحُ الْمُوْمِنُونَ
بِنَصْرِ اللَّهِ يَنصُرُ مَن يَشَاء وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ
And on that day, the believers will rejoice -- with the help of Allah. He helps whom He wills, and He is the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful.
The Quraysh, on the other hand, wanted the Persians to prevail, because neither of them were people who followed a Book and neither of them believed in the Resurrection. When Allah revealed these Ayat, Abu Bakr went out proclaiming throughout Makkah:
الم
غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ
فِي أَدْنَى الاَْرْضِ وَهُم مِّن بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ
فِي بِضْعِ سِنِينَ
Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeated. In the nearest land, and they, after their defeat, will be victorious. In Bid` years.
Some of the Quraysh said to Abu Bakr:
`This is (a bet) between us and you. Your companion claims that the Romans will defeat the Persians within three to nine years, so why not have a bet on that between us and you.'
Abu Bakr said, `Yes.'
This was before betting had been forbidden. So, Abu Bakr and the idolators made a bet, and they said to Abu Bakr:
`What do you think, Bid` means something between three and nine years, so let us agree on the middle.'
So they agreed on six years.
Then six years passed without the Romans being victorious, so the idolators took what they had bet with Abu Bakr. When the seventh year came and the Romans were finally victorious over the Persians, the Muslims rebuked Abu Bakr for agreeing on six years.
He said:`Because Allah said:"In Bid` years."'
At that time, many people became Muslim."
How Caesar defeated Chosroes (Kisra)
It was previously reported that Ikrimah said:
"Chosroes sent his deputy and his army against Caesar, and they fought."
It is well-known that Chosroes himself fought in the army that invaded his land, and he defeated Caesar and overwhelmed him until he had nothing left except the city of Constantinople, where Chosroes besieged him for a long time, until things became very difficult for him. He was highly venerated among the Christians, and Chosroes was not able to conquer the city because it was well fortified, and half of it faced the land while the other half faced the sea, from where supplies were able to reach them.
After this had gone on for a long time, Caesar thought of a clever trick. He asked Chosroes to let him leave his city in return for money given as a peace-offering, on whatever terms he (Chosroes) wanted. Chosroes agreed to that and asked for a huge amount of wealth -- gold, jewels, fabric, servant-women, servants, and much more -- such that no king on earth could ever pay.
Caesar went along with that and gave him the impression that he had all that he had asked for, although he thought he was crazy for asking for such a thing, because even if the two of them were to combine all of their wealth, it would not amount to even one-tenth of that. He asked Chosroes to let him go out of the city to Ash-Sham and the other regions of his kingdom, so that he could gather that from his storehouses and places where his wealth was buried.
Chosroes let him go, and when Caesar was about to leave Constantinople, he gathered his people together and told them:"I am going out on a mission I have decided to do so with some soldiers I have selected from my army; if I come back to you before one year passes, I will still be your king but if I do not come back after that, you will have the choice. Then, if you wish, you may remain loyal to me, or if you wish you may appoint someone instead of me
@@tr4hek I do think the San'aa manuscript only contained surat al-baqara and not ar-ruum, but I could be wrong. In any case the manuscript's existence in itself is a proof that at least Islam in some form existed back then and why I am not rejecting the entire Islamic narrative of history, even with the certain issues that exist within it.
What you will say persian occupation of Arab land?
I am not really understanding the question, but I guess you ask about if I will mention more about the Sassanids' actions on the Arabian peninsula? I actually plan to do that in future videos. 👍
Lakhmids🇮🇶🗿
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Ghassanids were Qahtanti from yemen. Adnanite are like Kedarite & Nabateans. Look into them.
👍Good for pointing it out. Unlike the Lakhmids the case of the Ghassanids is actually a bit contradictory , with a few claiming Adnanite heritage, though generally it is Qahtani ( being thus yemeni) that they are attributed to and I have actually done videos on both the Nabateans and the Ghassanids before, though I do not go in this genealogical history in any detail as I consider it more part of a mythological aspect than connected to real history. But, regardless of their origins they are an interesting case of a pre-islamic Arabic political entity.
@@theculturedjinni I consider Adnanite as true Arabs. As U know Jews & Arabs came from Abraham. Ishmeal born first & Issac father of jews. There is no pure arab race as it came about from Mixing semite with Egyptian. However Jews are pure semetic. Where Abraham had Issac with sarah his cousin.
@@theculturedjinni Qatanamites in my view are Arabized Sabeans ( semetic non the less ) or former jews who lived in Arabia & spoke arabic where hebrew wasn’t used untill rambam reconstruction if mishna torah using judeo arabuc in 1100~
@@Technique787 Yes the Qahtanites are most probably centralized south Semitic peoples (though certain gene studies of post bronze age collapse migrations might be arguing otherwise if my memory serves me right). Also, there really are no pure races generally, neither Jews or Arabs or anyone else unless living very isolated, which the middle east is not with its constant empires and trading occurring inside its history, have avoided the effects of mixing into other groups. It is better to think of peoples like this as less genetic groups and more as cultural groups with shared self-identifying experiences.
@@theculturedjinni 100% with U. I am just saying those southern ones have a a theory that Qahtanites are theoriginal arab which is false jewish propaganda to keep them in control of mecca. It get complicated on a micro level. I am sure U know.