AQA 3.9 Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives REVISION

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  • Опубліковано 16 гру 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 59

  • @bhavanibhardwaj7464
    @bhavanibhardwaj7464 4 роки тому +151

    I am committed to taking the October chemistry A-level and proving the government wrong. These videos are literally saving me thank you so much. :)

  • @charlottem4733
    @charlottem4733 4 роки тому +26

    who disliked?? this video is great, thank you so much!

  • @elaineistired4367
    @elaineistired4367 2 роки тому +45

    42:31 the question says ‘ethanol’ but the mechanism shows methanol- just a heads up :)

    • @tomekdavies9529
      @tomekdavies9529 8 місяців тому

      Had to pick up the smallest little detail 😂

    • @artemisstyx7145
      @artemisstyx7145 6 місяців тому +8

      oh dam im glad u said cuz i sat there for 2mins questioning myself on ethanol and methanol

  • @嘉俊-v1s
    @嘉俊-v1s 3 роки тому +19

    this really saves me. im suffering when i go through this topic

  • @shannonharper2460
    @shannonharper2460 4 роки тому +33

    Thank you so so much for doing this. As a mature student self teaching, these videos have been an invaluable resource.

  • @catherine4690
    @catherine4690 3 роки тому +20

    For the Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination slide, the example says ethanol but the displayed formula for the alcohol is methanol... So for ethanol would the products be ethyl propanoate and HCl? Thank you :)

    • @vanessayeung...
      @vanessayeung... 6 місяців тому

      not sure but i think it's ethyl ethanoate cuz the ester is CH₃CO₂CH₂CH₃, but yea + hcl

  • @cwacheats1234
    @cwacheats1234 4 роки тому +33

    Who else is revising to do year 13 exams after September

  • @lucyr1450
    @lucyr1450 3 роки тому +9

    These videos are so amazing, they're so useful in recapping content and filling in gaps where teachers couldn't teach topics face to face due to covid, thank you!

  • @AS-mw6pw
    @AS-mw6pw 3 роки тому +7

    Do we need to memorise that making Aspirin equation? The spec just says we need to know the advantages of using ethanoic anhydride over ethanoyl chloride.

  • @jjjssll
    @jjjssll 11 місяців тому +2

    Thank you so much sir, your hard work is greatly appreciated ❤

  • @kaviyam26
    @kaviyam26 3 роки тому +9

    Hi @Allery Chemistry. Thank you for this amazing job. Isn't basic hydrolysis of esters an irreversible reaction ? Please correct me if i'm wrong

    • @jimliu7086
      @jimliu7086 2 роки тому +3

      I agree with you, is that right?

  • @Gob_123
    @Gob_123 6 місяців тому +41

    I hate organic. Paper 2 will be my downfall.

  • @vinitakumar3827
    @vinitakumar3827 2 роки тому +2

    I'm doing a different exam board ccea which isn't really well known as its only in northern Ireland and I can say this video really reallly helped me understand this topic . Thank u so muchhhh

  • @henryindia8195
    @henryindia8195 6 місяців тому +1

    so is biodiesel the methyl ester or a faty acid? 29:50

    • @vanessayeung...
      @vanessayeung... 6 місяців тому

      it is a mixture of different fatty acid methyl esters, so aka mixture of methyl ester of longpchain carboxylic acids.

    • @lol.1296
      @lol.1296 6 місяців тому

      Bio diesel is the methyl ester

    • @h.n2826
      @h.n2826 6 місяців тому

      The methyl ester

  • @rosefagan2847
    @rosefagan2847 Рік тому +3

    Thank you for another great video!☺

  • @William.Hollier
    @William.Hollier 4 роки тому +13

    Brilliant

  • @Charisse_
    @Charisse_ 6 місяців тому +1

    In the base hydrolysis equation, no water was used on the hydroxide ions, why ?

    • @vanessayeung...
      @vanessayeung... 6 місяців тому

      not sure but maybe cuz it broke O-H in NaOH. H then bond with RO to form an alcohol = ROH (?)

  • @chu2000
    @chu2000 10 місяців тому

    for AQA do we need to know base hydrolysis mechanism

  • @hadiadaoud1317
    @hadiadaoud1317 2 роки тому +1

    Hi sir, for acyl chlorides reacting with a primary amine, wouldn't it be CH3NH3+CL- instead of HCL

    • @nedbowlas913
      @nedbowlas913 Рік тому

      Chemguide states very little HCl as any formed would react with the amine and form and salt.

  • @seanbaxter44
    @seanbaxter44 Місяць тому +1

    Bloody hell it took so long to make notes from this topic

  • @lilypattison3026
    @lilypattison3026 3 роки тому

    Hi there, on the Acyl Chloride Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination Reaction why does the reforming of the Oxygen double bond have the arrow pointing into the bond and not the Carbon? I thought it always had to point into the centre of an atom? Thank you so much for your help. You are a lifesaver

    • @ajtrott1
      @ajtrott1 3 роки тому +2

      Hi lily. My understanding is at the start of mechanism, the very electron deficient (&+) carbon atom in COCl is highly susceptible to nucleophilic attack (nucleus loving), making acyl chlorides most reactive! - in this example, by methanol (he said ethanol in video but drew methanol by mistake i think).
      Since methanol acts as the nucleophile, the first step shows a curly arrow moving from one of the lone pairs on the electronegative oxygen atom in methanol towards the &+ charge on the electron deficient carbon atom of COCl group (arrow ALWAYS shows direction of electron movement for organic mechanisms), forming a new bond with acyl chloride molecule!
      But since first step is an addition reaction, the C atom in the acyl chloride now has one too many bonds! So the C=O bond in COCl group has to temporarily break and one of electron pairs in C=O double bond moves towards the electronegative (&-) oxygen atom (shown as curly arrow moving from C=O bond to O atom) forming C-O single bond now (so carbon again forms only 4 bonds) but leaving single negative charge on oxygen!
      Since this is a highly unstable molecule formed, the newly formed electron pair on O atom must immediately move back to reform the C=O bond - shown by curly arrow moving from lone pair on negative O atom back into C-O bond so reforming C=O again.
      Does this answer your initial question about why arrow moves back into the C=O bond? And not back towards the &+ C atom itself like in the initial nucleophilic addition step where new bond was formed with methanol (acting as nucleophile)?
      (In the final elimination step- To satisfy the C atom in acyl chloride part forming only 4 bonds again, the C-Cl bond breaks (heterolytically) instead of C=O again since chlorine atom is also electronegative (shown by curly arrow moving from electron pair in C-Cl bond onto Cl atom) forming a chloride ion Cl- (with extra lone pair of electrons). The Cl- ion then removes H atom from O-H bond in attached methanol ( with a curly arrow showing electron pair in O-H bond moving back onto O atom, thereby neutralising the temporary positive charge on O atom in methanol part). This is the final elimination step where hydrogen chloride is removed, leaving behind the newly formed ester!
      Ps This mechanism is much harder than a normal esterification reaction involving an alcohol and carboxylic acid (nucleophilic subsitution), as reaction between alcohol and acid chloride is two step (nucleophilic addition-elimination)! But don't worry this is the hardest mechanism you will come across in organic chemistry at A-level (to quote chris).
      I hope this helps! And hope Chris doesn't mind me answering your question - please feel free to add anything or correct if need be. As this is particularly challenging mechanism!

  • @lareenahmad9232
    @lareenahmad9232 2 роки тому +2

    at the end, is that required practical 10?

  • @gianna3132
    @gianna3132 3 роки тому +4

    Thank you for these! Super helpful:)

  • @AS-mw6pw
    @AS-mw6pw 3 роки тому

    Do we need to know the mechanisms for the Acid Anhydride reactions, or only the Acyl Chloride reactions? (AQA)

    • @lc6923
      @lc6923 3 роки тому

      only acyl chloride

    • @behappy1452
      @behappy1452 3 роки тому +1

      no, the spec says acyl chloride use it it helps to check :)

    • @creepylina
      @creepylina 3 роки тому +2

      the specification says: "Students should be able to outline the mechanisms of:
      these nucleophilic substitution reactions
      the nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions of ammonia and primary amines with acyl chlorides."

  • @faithcarter8300
    @faithcarter8300 3 роки тому

    I love your videos they are so good

  • @mechackkaba8578
    @mechackkaba8578 3 роки тому +1

    Wonderful

  • @gorirad1738
    @gorirad1738 3 роки тому

    Thank you so so so much

  • @nerdymathematician
    @nerdymathematician 10 місяців тому

    thank you🥰🥰🥰

  • @jaskamalsingh7839
    @jaskamalsingh7839 7 місяців тому +7

    so cooked

    • @greybands973
      @greybands973 6 місяців тому +1

      im learning that now, you’ll be fine 😭

    • @Xela2632
      @Xela2632 Місяць тому

      @@greybands973 how was it lol

    • @kinky_burrito
      @kinky_burrito 19 днів тому

      @@greybands973 HOW WAS IT