I've been dieting all my adult life starting at age 14. Each time I did well on calorie restriction lost weight, but got tired, hungry and obsessed with food with all that planning calories. Each time I put the weight back on with a new higher normal. Nearly every year battling my increasing weight and following all the BS low fat, wholewheat, PUFA margerine, vegetable oils. By the time I was 60 I was prediabetic, heart condition, fatty liver, and on seven medications weighing 255lbs. In January I read books about KETO and FASTING. (Fung, Lustig, Taubes, Teicholz, Perlmutter). Now I am 210lbs, have dropped 4 mediations, no longer have heart pain. My A1C is normalised, HDL up , Triglycerides down. Feeling great. No more bloating, no more wind, no more fatty liver. Stopping eating carbs means not being hungry. It means being about to deal with your appetite. Now I eat steak and butter, fish, dairy and lots of real low carb vegetables. I feel great. How did I ever eat those disgusting margarines and Veg oils. If they taste like shite then they are shite.
@@johncooper7242 I'm still going strong. It's now 17 months since I started, and (unlike all other diets) my weight has stayed off. I've not lost anymore, but I am at a more comfortable place, walking mover 3 miles per day, and on just one or two meals.
My nan had a small farm, and this was how she saw 'healthy whole grains' - she called them 'animal feed' and didn't eat them much. She loved meat and plants like cabbages though.
The calorie deficit worked for me, but not in any predictable way. When I lowered my caloric intake, my weight didn't budge. When I lowered the number of meals to 1 or 1.5 per day, all with the same caloric intake, my weight started to drop. And when I cut most carbs, my weight dropped even faster! And the last 10 lbs I lost by adding more fat and totally getting rid of carbs!
I've watched many of Dr. Zoe's lectures and took her advice to heart along with that of many other clinicians, physicians and researchers. Long story short, arthritis pain 75% relieved, down about 20 lbs (5'10" 160lbs now), appetite control for the first time in my life and really, really, really enjoying my food. Low carb and going back and forth with high fat and higher levels of protein to experiment on my arthritis inflammation levels and for enjoyment.
Its simple : Avoid sugar and processed food and Seed oils. dont be afraid of fat. You can eat carbs, but the amount and quality matters. choose them wisely. eat protein without regret. You can do any diet following this principles and you will lose weight, just dial up and down the amount and presto. In my case I have the most success with keto/carnivore diet, staying below 20 g. If you want to increase the amount of carbs and it works for you fine.
Fasting seems to be important for people who are insulin resistant. Dr. Fung has success reversing diabetes and obesity with fasting, even without low carb. Who wuddathunk that the answer to obesity was to stop eating all the time, lol! Humans are so indoctrinated to trust official science that they have aborted common sense and direct experience. Thankful for folks like Dr. H!
Note: the most simplistic statement I can make is "There is no profit in healthy people"...if you learn that you will understand how doctors do business.
Dug companies are the entities that harvest billions from unwell people. While lifesaving drugs have been developed, they are now making more profit from things like statins, which are useless at best, and often harmful. For-profit medical insurance companies, for-profit health care centers, even not-for-profit hospitals... physicians have to answer to these. If they do not follow 'standard of care' they risk losing their jobs, or being sued.
The strings of the WHO tend to be pulled, or at least influenced, by the interests of the huge multi-national corporations, just as they influence most everything except the tides.
Great lecture. Good summary of what I've been learning on my own for the last several months. I can send this talk to family or friends to explain why I eat the way I do, and why they should consider adapting their diet.
30:00 nobody else seeing this? The graph appears nearly random and uncorrelated below 12%, but above 12% the death rate drops like a rock. It seems more significant than the simple linear regression would suggest.
Yes, noticed it too! No trend for saturated fat intake below ~12%, negative trend for above 12%. My problem with such ecological (country-based) correlations is too many hidden parameters. The low 7 countries are(were at that time, before 2008) poorer than the top 7 ones... so their health systems are much different too, less checkups, treatments, etc...
16:26 - "A tablespoon of olive oil has more saturated fat than a hundred gram pork chop." Olive oil was reportedly originally used for lamps and also on the skin before it was considered a food. People preferred to eat and cook with animal fats - beef tallow, pork lard, and lamb suet. These days, much of the olive oil is contaminated with seed 'vegetable') oils. Or, it is cheap seed oils treated with chemicals to make it seem like it is olive oil. Apparently the Mafia has found counterfeiting olive oil to be more profitable and less risky than selling drugs. (Maybe because Big Pharma got in the game of pushing opiates in the U.S.A.?) Olive oil from Australia and the U.S.A. is most likely the real thing. Sadly, many olive groves in California were turned into housing developments. Not all the trees were cut down, but over time, most homeowners cut down 'those messy trees'. People had no idea how to either press the fruit for oil, or cure them for eating.
I always assumed ( dangerous I know!) that there had been some chemical experiment to determine how many grams of water could be raised in temperature by one degree (Celsius) by burning the substance ( in this case "fat") in something called a bomb calorimeter - this would provide a technical definition of the amount of calories in any substance - since a calorie is a measure of heat energy. Of course, the human body is not a bomb calorimeter, so the way in converts substances into energy (or stores and transforms those substances) is not by simple combustion ( burning calories is just a metaphor !). So while one pound of fat may have the heating power of 3500 calories this does not mean creating a calorie deficit of 3500 calories will cause you to lose one pound of body fat - as anyone who has ever been on a calorie restricting diet can tell you.
For me to lose weight keep the carbohydrates below 50 grams per day . To maintain weight keep the carbohydrates 50-100 grams per day and anything above 130 grams per day of carbohydrates I will gain weight !
@@thalesnemo2841 Interesting that the dietary guidelines say to eat a minimum of 130g of carbs per day... And the reason given is to prevent your brain from stopping working! The irony. lol
*I hope that you don't take this the wrong way: I mean that this is a totally unhelpful recommendation, especially for people who want to lose weight, and if you're brain is working you'll be able to see how rediculous it is!
such an informative and interesting discourse but is it only me that finds Zoe takes it too quickly ? I know I'm getting old but I can barely take in and digest one topic when another immediately follows seemingly without pause for a breath !... Its plain to see your passion and excitement for this subject Zoe but please, for those viewers that have difficulty following such a complex subject at such a lick, could we not have an occasional pause or take it a little slower .
Yes, but she is trying to cover the material in a limited amount of time. With UA-cam, we can pause the presentation, repeat a segment, play it more slowly, or replay the entire video as many times as we like.
@@Jefferdaughter no .......Zoe often talks at speed if you care to watch some of her other videos. A sensible person tailors their discourse to fit the available allotted time at a measured pace. There is little point in speeding through a presentation of a complex subject at breakneck speed if some of your audience are unable to follow or take in the information conveyed.remember this presentation was primarily to an audience not UA-cam. Talking quickly without any pauses in a presentation is a common fault of those who are very familiar with their subject and wish to cram as much important information as possible into the time frame but its actually far more effective to talk at a more reasonable speed and say a little less so that more information is taken in and digested .
@@johncooper7242 isn't she speaking to a group of medical and nutrition people here? Yes it's online for all of us, but her primary audience will be able to take this in at this rate. I don't have a medical background but I'm not massively struggling to take it in, but then I also talk quickly so it may be just how I listen! If you're interested in this then look up some of Dave McLeod's videos, he's a pro climber who is also a nutrionalist and has done some great videos on health/diets etc.
@@almac414 thanks but I am only interested in qualified Professional advice that is backed up by Peer reviewed Research (ie Meta Analysis) that has been published in the Lancet or BMJ etc , not opinion or personal experience however well intentioned . There is far too much rubbish posted on the Net about Diet Nutrition and health . if the poster doesn't post the links to the sources of their advice or information then its almost certainly fake . Zoe always posts links to her vodcasts which are on her Website. . There is only one person on the internet that I totally trust 100% unreservedly and that is Dr John Campbell ...an Honest Man with integrity a rare quality these days . www.youtube.com/@Campbellteaching
This woman is awsome. Incredibly educated. We have followed the suggested food guide for decades and we have more unhealthy people then ever before in the history of mankind. It's all fucken wrong.
[22:24] [25:36] Re: Saturated fat 10%. Deaths 18% vs 12% Sadly, despite the results, the researchers apparently did not attribute the better outcome to the difference in dietary fat intake. "Weight loss, reduction in cigarette smoking, increase in physical activity and other readjustments may well have more important beneficial effects than change in dietary lipids."
She went to great length telling cal deficit does not work, but didn't give a hint what would work. I lost 10% bodyweight within 2 month not counting anything but with a combination of 16/8 fasting, low carb and exercise (I am pretty sure I got a deficitthough) but am still interested what she would say.
"5-a-day" of what? I've lived in California all my life and I've never heard it. What does it mean? Maybe that slogan is understood around the world but I've never heard of it. So I googled to learn about it. Perhaps because I protect myself from virtually all commercials and I don't watch TV, I've never become aware of it.
The way to loose weight is to get your body producing ketones from your body fat and then it's called a Ketogenic diet. You don't lose weight without producing ketones. Wonder why the Ketogenic diet works best.
Hi! The content was so instructional! I have been trying to search for a UA-cam vid similar to yours that really educates the stuff in this UA-cam video! 👌 The explanation at 1:22 is my fav. Your lesson is like the videos from this new Dr Ethan! Doctor Ethan's tips are for sure useful and he really helped me a lot on finals. He is an insightful Doctor on UA-cam and he talks about health and medical school! I suggest you check out his page out and give the medical student a like! ➡️ #DrEthanOnUA-cam
You are applying mathematical precision over a heuristic, and you have yet to acknowledge the impact of the patient’s starting adiposity and basal metabolic rate. Your absurd but mathematically correct conclusions of weighing 6 lbs in one year is based on ignoring these factors which every dietician knows to include. It is irresponsable to make vague statements about calories not mattering in a society where hyper palatable food is cheap and everywhere. Regardless of the numbers, for an overweight person to lose weight and keep it off they need to learn to control their caloric intake. Of course its a moving target - this is again a heuristic, not a linear formula. Controlling caloric intake doesn’t mean always eating at a deficit, always eating the same amount, always eating less and less, or anything else. It means understanding ones own appetite and remaining in control on average over time. The obesity problem is obviously caused by the continual over-availability of hyper-palatable food to a species best suited to intermittent scarcity.
no they need to learn to eat the right food, real food., not to maintain their absurb diet of hyperpalatable foods and cut calories, did you learn nothing from watching this?
@@aliendroneservices6621 it could be many things , possibly your age, because obesity increases in age due to the exact diet you refer to. are you ill yet from your lovely hyperpalatable diet, because eventually that diet will make you ill and obesity is an outcome of illness cause by the western diet.
Garbage you know nothing you just another Parrot, who repeats the claptrap by the government and others without thinking about anything except yourself
For many people, sadly, food addiction also plays a role. I have met people who keep chowing down for the comfort that the physical act of chewing and swallowing apparently provides.😮
I've been dieting all my adult life starting at age 14. Each time I did well on calorie restriction lost weight, but got tired, hungry and obsessed with food with all that planning calories. Each time I put the weight back on with a new higher normal. Nearly every year battling my increasing weight and following all the BS low fat, wholewheat, PUFA margerine, vegetable oils. By the time I was 60 I was prediabetic, heart condition, fatty liver, and on seven medications weighing 255lbs. In January I read books about KETO and FASTING. (Fung, Lustig, Taubes, Teicholz, Perlmutter). Now I am 210lbs, have dropped 4 mediations, no longer have heart pain. My A1C is normalised, HDL up , Triglycerides down. Feeling great. No more bloating, no more wind, no more fatty liver.
Stopping eating carbs means not being hungry. It means being about to deal with your appetite. Now I eat steak and butter, fish, dairy and lots of real low carb vegetables. I feel great. How did I ever eat those disgusting margarines and Veg oils. If they taste like shite then they are shite.
Well done Chaz...way to go ..🙂 A difficult journey in the beginning but the benefits later are undeniable .
@@johncooper7242 I'm still going strong. It's now 17 months since I started, and (unlike all other diets) my weight has stayed off. I've not lost anymore, but I am at a more comfortable place, walking mover 3 miles per day, and on just one or two meals.
I didn’t gain weight on the faux-butter products but I paid a high price for hoovering it down…!
My nan had a small farm, and this was how she saw 'healthy whole grains' - she called them 'animal feed' and didn't eat them much. She loved meat and plants like cabbages though.
The calorie deficit worked for me, but not in any predictable way. When I lowered my caloric intake, my weight didn't budge. When I lowered the number of meals to 1 or 1.5 per day, all with the same caloric intake, my weight started to drop. And when I cut most carbs, my weight dropped even faster! And the last 10 lbs I lost by adding more fat and totally getting rid of carbs!
Good data.
I've watched many of Dr. Zoe's lectures and took her advice to heart along with that of many other clinicians, physicians and researchers. Long story short, arthritis pain 75% relieved, down about 20 lbs (5'10" 160lbs now), appetite control for the first time in my life and really, really, really enjoying my food. Low carb and going back and forth with high fat and higher levels of protein to experiment on my arthritis inflammation levels and for enjoyment.
This lady knows what she's talking about. She should do more of it. Love it.
I love Zoe Harcombe!❤
Its simple :
Avoid sugar and processed food and Seed oils.
dont be afraid of fat.
You can eat carbs, but the amount and quality matters. choose them wisely.
eat protein without regret.
You can do any diet following this principles and you will lose weight, just dial up and down the amount and presto.
In my case I have the most success with keto/carnivore diet, staying below 20 g. If you want to increase the amount of carbs and it works for you fine.
So. That's not even remotely simple
Fasting seems to be important for people who are insulin resistant. Dr. Fung has success reversing diabetes and obesity with fasting, even without low carb. Who wuddathunk that the answer to obesity was to stop eating all the time, lol! Humans are so indoctrinated to trust official science that they have aborted common sense and direct experience. Thankful for folks like Dr. H!
Where is the evidence for not eating seed oil?
@@ScienceDrYang ua-cam.com/video/nxzIyjxNZiY/v-deo.html
Dr Chris Knobbe - Seed oils and diseases of civilisation > ua-cam.com/video/7kGnfXXIKZM/v-deo.html
Every time I watch one of these presentations makes me want to cry Ive been ill so long from eating the government guidelines on healthy eating.
Note: the most simplistic statement I can make is "There is no profit in healthy people"...if you learn that you will understand how doctors do business.
Dug companies are the entities that harvest billions from unwell people. While lifesaving drugs have been developed, they are now making more profit from things like statins, which are useless at best, and often harmful.
For-profit medical insurance companies, for-profit health care centers, even not-for-profit hospitals... physicians have to answer to these. If they do not follow 'standard of care' they risk losing their jobs, or being sued.
Drug companies sell to doctors, doctors know no better most of the time.
Damn that was vicious, great presentation.
great leacture...if only WHO would hear this
The strings of the WHO tend to be pulled, or at least influenced, by the interests of the huge multi-national corporations, just as they influence most everything except the tides.
Oh I think they do, they just ignore it for as long as is possible.
Great lecture. Good summary of what I've been learning on my own for the last several months. I can send this talk to family or friends to explain why I eat the way I do, and why they should consider adapting their diet.
Thank you so much this talk is great and I appreciate the thorough research!
It surprised me that lard has more mono fat then saturated fat in proportion. Great speech.
Awesome presentation, thank you.
Thanks for another great presentation Zoe.
30:00 nobody else seeing this? The graph appears nearly random and uncorrelated below 12%, but above 12% the death rate drops like a rock. It seems more significant than the simple linear regression would suggest.
That's exactly what Zoe is saying. The R square value is poor. Like Zoe says "Nothing to get excited about." 😊
@@jaghad but it is something to get excited about, after 12% the value drops dramatically, there's a huge effect.
Yes, noticed it too! No trend for saturated fat intake below ~12%, negative trend for above 12%. My problem with such ecological (country-based) correlations is too many hidden parameters. The low 7 countries are(were at that time, before 2008) poorer than the top 7 ones... so their health systems are much different too, less checkups, treatments, etc...
16:26 - "A tablespoon of olive oil has more saturated fat than a hundred gram pork chop."
Olive oil was reportedly originally used for lamps and also on the skin before it was considered a food. People preferred to eat and cook with animal fats - beef tallow, pork lard, and lamb suet.
These days, much of the olive oil is contaminated with seed 'vegetable') oils. Or, it is cheap seed oils treated with chemicals to make it seem like it is olive oil. Apparently the Mafia has found counterfeiting olive oil to be more profitable and less risky than selling drugs. (Maybe because Big Pharma got in the game of pushing opiates in the U.S.A.?)
Olive oil from Australia and the U.S.A. is most likely the real thing. Sadly, many olive groves in California were turned into housing developments. Not all the trees were cut down, but over time, most homeowners cut down 'those messy trees'. People had no idea how to either press the fruit for oil, or cure them for eating.
look for palistinian Olive oil.
The Spanish olive oil is pretty good too.
My database from the USDA shows that animal fats are around 4050 calories per pound. I never questioned the 3500 calories per. Thanks.
Dr Zoe Harcombe very funny lady. Much enjoyed.
Quite a pleasant radio voice she has.
I feel like I'm listening to BBC news.
Thank you. Very informative.
I always assumed ( dangerous I know!) that there had been some chemical experiment to determine how many grams of water could be raised in temperature by one degree (Celsius) by burning the substance ( in this case "fat") in something called a bomb calorimeter - this would provide a technical definition of the amount of calories in any substance - since a calorie is a measure of heat energy. Of course, the human body is not a bomb calorimeter, so the way in converts substances into energy (or stores and transforms those substances) is not by simple combustion ( burning calories is just a metaphor !). So while one pound of fat may have the heating power of 3500 calories this does not mean creating a calorie deficit of 3500 calories will cause you to lose one pound of body fat - as anyone who has ever been on a calorie restricting diet can tell you.
Allan Cowley Yeah, if you want to lose fat you should eat mostly fat. The insulin spikes from sugar and starches block the burning of fat for energy.
For me to lose weight keep the carbohydrates below 50 grams per day . To maintain weight keep the carbohydrates 50-100 grams per day and anything above 130 grams per day of carbohydrates I will gain weight !
@@thalesnemo2841 Interesting that the dietary guidelines say to eat a minimum of 130g of carbs per day... And the reason given is to prevent your brain from stopping working! The irony. lol
*I hope that you don't take this the wrong way: I mean that this is a totally unhelpful recommendation, especially for people who want to lose weight, and if you're brain is working you'll be able to see how rediculous it is!
@HackYourHealth
Challenge question:
Please post the name of the carbohydrate deficiency disease with references.
I await your reply .
Fantastic! Thank you!
such an informative and interesting discourse but is it only me that finds Zoe takes it too quickly ? I know I'm getting old but I can barely take in and digest one topic when another immediately follows seemingly without pause for a breath !...
Its plain to see your passion and excitement for this subject Zoe but please, for those viewers that have difficulty following such a complex subject at such a lick, could we not have an occasional pause or take it a little slower .
Change the playback speed. My screen has three little dots in the top right of the play window, that takes you to 'change playback speed'
Yes, but she is trying to cover the material in a limited amount of time. With UA-cam, we can pause the presentation, repeat a segment, play it more slowly, or replay the entire video as many times as we like.
@@Jefferdaughter no .......Zoe often talks at speed if you care to watch some of her other videos.
A sensible person tailors their discourse to fit the available allotted time at a measured pace.
There is little point in speeding through a presentation of a complex subject at breakneck speed if some of your audience are unable to follow or take in the information conveyed.remember this presentation was primarily to an audience not UA-cam.
Talking quickly without any pauses in a presentation is a common fault of those who are very familiar with their subject and wish to cram as much important information as possible into the time frame but its actually far more effective to talk at a more reasonable speed and say a little less so that more information is taken in and digested .
@@johncooper7242 isn't she speaking to a group of medical and nutrition people here? Yes it's online for all of us, but her primary audience will be able to take this in at this rate. I don't have a medical background but I'm not massively struggling to take it in, but then I also talk quickly so it may be just how I listen! If you're interested in this then look up some of Dave McLeod's videos, he's a pro climber who is also a nutrionalist and has done some great videos on health/diets etc.
@@almac414 thanks but I am only interested in qualified Professional advice that is backed up by Peer reviewed Research (ie Meta Analysis) that has been published in the Lancet or BMJ etc , not opinion or personal experience however well intentioned . There is far too much rubbish posted on the Net about Diet Nutrition and health .
if the poster doesn't post the links to the sources of their advice or information then its almost certainly fake .
Zoe always posts links to her vodcasts which are on her Website. . There is only one person on the internet that I totally trust 100% unreservedly and that is Dr John Campbell ...an Honest Man with integrity a rare quality these days . www.youtube.com/@Campbellteaching
This woman is awsome. Incredibly educated. We have followed the suggested food guide for decades and we have more unhealthy people then ever before in the history of mankind. It's all fucken wrong.
35:58 liver is the single healthiest food on the planet. :)
I had trouble making beef liver palatable. Now I eat it cooked in cream cheese with some parmigiano.
@@BlackKraya that sounds wonderful....might also try letting it soak in half and half for 2-6 hours then rinse and cook...so good.
[22:24] [25:36] Re: Saturated fat 10%. Deaths 18% vs 12%
Sadly, despite the results, the researchers apparently did not attribute the better outcome to the difference in dietary fat intake.
"Weight loss, reduction in cigarette smoking, increase in physical activity and other readjustments may well have more important beneficial effects than change in dietary
lipids."
In her charts @32:00 is the saturated fat intake a percentage of total fat intake or total food intake?
33:49 That's an easy question to answer. It's all about $$$$$$$$
Brilliant!
She went to great length telling cal deficit does not work, but didn't give a hint what would work. I lost 10% bodyweight within 2 month not counting anything but with a combination of 16/8 fasting, low carb and exercise (I am pretty sure I got a deficitthough) but am still interested what she would say.
I wish I had her arms!
I've noticed that most of these presenters do have decent musculature, after years of chronic disease and decline.
Yeah muscular
@@jamesestrella5911 Sort of surprising innit?
You CAN have her arms!
"5-a-day" of what? I've lived in California all my life and I've never heard it. What does it mean? Maybe that slogan is understood around the world but I've never heard of it. So I googled to learn about it. Perhaps because I protect myself from virtually all commercials and I don't watch TV, I've never become aware of it.
Kinky I 5 a day refers to 5 different fruit and veg. Crazy isn't it
I was taught this “Five-a-day” rule of thumb (for fruits and veg) in a nutrition class in the UK.😮
I eat meat. THUMBS UP, PLEASE.
The way to loose weight is to get your body producing ketones from your body fat and then it's called a Ketogenic diet. You don't lose weight without producing ketones. Wonder why the Ketogenic diet works best.
“trans fats are evil, dont put them in your mouth” - she’s great, haha
You are Brilliant you Goddess🤗
Cacao is high in oxalates tho 🤷🏻♂️
My only complaint: she speaks too fast! Listening to her and trying to read the slide data, I fall behind and miss information.
Hi! The content was so instructional! I have been trying to search for a UA-cam vid similar to yours that really educates the stuff in this UA-cam video! 👌 The explanation at 1:22 is my fav. Your lesson is like the videos from this new Dr Ethan! Doctor Ethan's tips are for sure useful and he really helped me a lot on finals. He is an insightful Doctor on UA-cam and he talks about health and medical school!
I suggest you check out his page out and give the medical student a like! ➡️ #DrEthanOnUA-cam
Very little nutritional value in a red Ferrari, why does she want one??
You are applying mathematical precision over a heuristic, and you have yet to acknowledge the impact of the patient’s starting adiposity and basal metabolic rate. Your absurd but mathematically correct conclusions of weighing 6 lbs in one year is based on ignoring these factors which every dietician knows to include. It is irresponsable to make vague statements about calories not mattering in a society where hyper palatable food is cheap and everywhere. Regardless of the numbers, for an overweight person to lose weight and keep it off they need to learn to control their caloric intake. Of course its a moving target - this is again a heuristic, not a linear formula. Controlling caloric intake doesn’t mean always eating at a deficit, always eating the same amount, always eating less and less, or anything else. It means understanding ones own appetite and remaining in control on average over time. The obesity problem is obviously caused by the continual over-availability of hyper-palatable food to a species best suited to intermittent scarcity.
"The obesity problem is obviously caused by the continual over-availability of hyper-palatable food" Then why am I not obese?
no they need to learn to eat the right food, real food., not to maintain their absurb diet of hyperpalatable foods and cut calories, did you learn nothing from watching this?
@@aliendroneservices6621 it could be many things , possibly your age, because obesity increases in age due to the exact diet you refer to. are you ill yet from your lovely hyperpalatable diet, because eventually that diet will make you ill and obesity is an outcome of illness cause by the western diet.
Garbage you know nothing you just another Parrot, who repeats the claptrap by the government and others without thinking about anything except yourself
For many people, sadly, food addiction also plays a role. I have met people who keep chowing down for the comfort that the physical act of chewing and swallowing apparently provides.😮