Nasal Septum / Medial Wall of Nasal Cavity/ Anatomy - Bones, Cartilages, Blood supply & Nerve Supply

#nasalseptum #medialwallofnasalcavity #nasalseptumanatomy #bloodsupplyofnasalseptum #anatomy #smartmedlearn #usmlestep1 #arterialsupplyofnasalseptum
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Nasal septum/ Medial wall of nasal cavity
The nasal septum is a median osseocartilaginous partition between the two nasal cavities. It is seldom exactly in the median plane but bulges to one or the other side, more frequently to the right.
The bony part is formed by:
(a) perpendicular plate of ethmoid, which forms the posterosuperior part of the septum
(b) vomer, which forms the posteroinferior part of the septum.
N.B. In addition, the nasal spine of fontal bone, crest formed by nasal bones, sphenoidal crest, and nasal crest formed by the fusion of palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones also contribute a bit in the formation of nasal septum.
The cartilaginous part is formed by:
(a) septal cartilage, which forms the major anterior part of the septum and fits in the angle between the vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
(b) septal processes of the two major alar cartilages.
N.B. The septal processes (medial crura) of two major alar cartilages are united together in the midline by a fibrous tissue to form columella (also called columellar septum).
Arterial Supply of Nasal Septum
1. Septal branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery (a branch of ophthalmic artery).
2. Septal branch of the posterior ethmoidal artery (a branch of ophthalmic artery).
3. Septal branch of the sphenopalatine artery (a branch of maxillary artery).
4. Septal branch of the greater palatine artery (a branch of maxillary artery).
5. Septal branch of the superior labial artery (a branch of facial artery).
Little’s area:
It is an area in the anteroinferior part of the nasal septum just above the vestibule. It is highly vascular. Here the septal branches of the anterior ethmoidal sphenopalatine, greater palatine, and superior labial arteries anastomose to form a vascular plexus called Kiesselbach’s plexus. This area of nasal septum is the commonest site of epistaxis (nose bleeding) in children and young adults usually due to finger nail trauma following picking of the nose.
Nerve Supply of Nasal Septum
1. Olfactory nerves-supply the upper part (one-third) just below the cribriform plate.
2. Internal nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve, a branch from nasociliary-supplies the anterosuperior part.
3. Nasopalatine nerve, a branch of pterygopalatine ganglion-supplies the posteroinferior part.
4. Medial posterior superior nasal branches of pterygopalatine ganglion-supply the posterosuperior part.
5. Nasal branch of greater palatine nerve-supplies the posterior part.
6. Anterior superior alveolar nerve, a branch of maxillary nerve-supplies the anteroinferior part.
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