Beneath Iran's Dusty Desert Lie Ancient Water Tunnels Still in Use | National Geographic

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  • Опубліковано 26 лис 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 260

  • @LuisMartinez-jk3yo
    @LuisMartinez-jk3yo 7 років тому +90

    That man is incredibly well preserved for his age.

    • @louperdrix5517
      @louperdrix5517 7 років тому +4

      I am sorry : no. We are now used to meet older people (more than 100, up to 110-115) in France with even better looking than this man. (Also in Cuba, also in the USA, also in Okinawa...) It is always very surprising, considering they have passed through the 2nd world war but i have to admit they are here, more and more numerous. And it seems in better health than mine, less tired, able to do some social and physical activities everyday... This man is great not because he is alive and in good health and good loooking at his age, but because he is still thinking, teaching, transmitting, preserving, and doing things for the preservation of his civilisation and culture. Bravo sir.

    • @BiharyGabor
      @BiharyGabor Рік тому +6

      @@louperdrix5517 One of the secrets to longevity is sloppy birth registration that is another cultural feature of the traditional way of life.

    • @stevenshook3348
      @stevenshook3348 4 місяці тому

      @@BiharyGabor Agreed. He is probably 20 years older than his parents....

  • @pikuroy3084
    @pikuroy3084 6 років тому +31

    Wish to visit Iran at least once in my lifetime. Iran is doing great by preserving those ancient tech. The system of irrigation shows that how how simple , yet effective it was .Preserve those techs & may the world one day come to u to know about that. Lots of love & best wishes from india

  • @cliftonduke3
    @cliftonduke3 7 років тому +48

    He looks pretty good for being 102 years old

  • @noway1576
    @noway1576 6 років тому +11

    What a peaceful serene not annoying at all musical instrument.

  • @mikaelafox6106
    @mikaelafox6106 7 років тому +142

    Wait, that guy is 102? What's his secret? He looks fantastic.

    • @vicentecastillovc
      @vicentecastillovc 7 років тому +34

      Jenn K he's got something that we don't, peace of mind ,they live day to day not worrying about bills and buying the latest stuff, I met an old man late 80s a while back I wish I could be as agile as he is when I get to my 50s

    • @RiotHouseLP
      @RiotHouseLP 7 років тому +19

      He probably doesn't know his actual age. Most of these 3rd world countries have people who don't know how old they are.

    • @OfficialShadowKing
      @OfficialShadowKing 7 років тому +55

      RiotHouse
      Iran technically is a not a 3rd world country. Iran is fully industrialized.
      Iran, unlike most countries is an extremely old nation with a decent land mass. many people have lived in Iran for thousands of years. Iran still has villages from their Persian Empire era, this because they like preserving their culture.
      Iran does indeed have a high HDI, highly industrialized, high literacy rate, etc... just because Iran has a couple really old villages, it doesn't make it a 3rd world country

    • @MiladJPanah
      @MiladJPanah 7 років тому +9

      my grandfather is 97 and he looks pretty young too. he lived on a farm in the south of Iran and later worked as a climatologist in London. I think it was the healthy lifestyle.

    • @abyssstrider2547
      @abyssstrider2547 6 років тому +5

      Mikaela Fox well... Natural and healthy diet. Also, he probably strictly follows dietary instructions from Qur'an, it's one of better diets tho.

  • @ciaronsmith4995
    @ciaronsmith4995 7 років тому +24

    Iran has a lot of snow too. 4 season weather. Skiing is great there.

    • @bridgereyes951
      @bridgereyes951 3 роки тому

      Wow I don't know Iran also have snow

    • @ciaronsmith4995
      @ciaronsmith4995 3 роки тому +8

      @@bridgereyes951 Iran has more snow than most European countries.

    • @bridgereyes951
      @bridgereyes951 3 роки тому +1

      @@ciaronsmith4995 ..wow love to visit Iran ....

  • @ariffinrohezan
    @ariffinrohezan 7 років тому +86

    i qanat believe he's 102....

  • @HeyItsAvi90
    @HeyItsAvi90 7 років тому +78

    HE'S 102??!!??! The heck?! He probably clicked and followed one of those "doctors hate him" ads.

    • @hamedhosseini4938
      @hamedhosseini4938 7 років тому

      HAHAHAHAHA

    • @Citizenvelo
      @Citizenvelo 6 років тому

      its something in the water...

    • @another90daystochangethis34
      @another90daystochangethis34 6 років тому +3

      +Daniel Alvarado It's something NOT in the water.
      Americans continue to drink heavily from a polluted tap source.

    • @abyssstrider2547
      @abyssstrider2547 6 років тому +1

      Tats Nah, he just eats healty food and since his religion forbids unhealthy things Muslims often live long.

    • @unvorbereitet
      @unvorbereitet 5 років тому +1

      Edin743 that's not true! muslims dont live longer, it's exactly the opposite. im muslim myself. because muslims dont drink alcohol from time to time and dont dance and enjoy music they wont age like people who have joy in their lives. a lot of muslims have depressions because of this.

  • @nagabhushanabr8479
    @nagabhushanabr8479 6 років тому +5

    Oh my god!what a culture tradition, we must visit it in our life

  • @ManishSharma-jn7ud
    @ManishSharma-jn7ud 6 років тому +7

    I wonder how they maintain such underground canals.. its cleanliness n distribution... amazing people

    • @goposino7917
      @goposino7917 6 років тому

      Manish Sharma ..Mai bhi yehi soch Raha ...Kaise clean hai

  • @exactinmidget92
    @exactinmidget92 7 років тому +7

    dude looks pretty good for a 100+ year old man.

  • @Y2Kvids
    @Y2Kvids 7 років тому +9

    Mars has Iranians !

  • @lancesay
    @lancesay 2 роки тому +3

    wow... must be the water to stay that young, a 102 years of age.

  • @mucusmayhem1118
    @mucusmayhem1118 6 років тому +4

    102, Wow fair shout. What is his secret. Yes harshness is a way of life. But he doesn't have the stress of every day life, pollution, bills, etc, etc. 102, walking straight, no cane, I take my hat off to him. 👏

  • @atranas6018
    @atranas6018 7 років тому +32

    Give the man solar powered electric pump already

    • @madman2u
      @madman2u 7 років тому +10

      +Basil Gan Without electricity, you wouldn't be able to post those ignorant comments of yours.

    • @nnelg8139
      @nnelg8139 7 років тому +4

      Okay, he'll need a few hundred of them plus the means to make replacement parts as the harsh environment damages them.

    • @josedourado3747
      @josedourado3747 7 років тому +6

      Anas Takiyudin exercise makes you live longer. hes 102 due to manual work learn something with the elderly.

    • @TheArklyte
      @TheArklyte 6 років тому

      Just calculate how many would you need to replace it. Progress at any cost and without the requirement for it is not always the best solution. Counter solution - decrease the drain on water reserves in the region and dump of pesticides into the sources. You've already turned Aral Sea into a chemicals covered desert Aralkum. And now when the oil was found there, I doubt that any project to reverse the water drainage will be approved. That's intensive(ie wasteful) agriculture for you:\

  • @TomasValRavinaF1
    @TomasValRavinaF1 6 років тому +12

    This Qanat be possible

  • @hussainbharmal7243
    @hussainbharmal7243 7 років тому +72

    great country....

    • @christineraghoo299
      @christineraghoo299 7 років тому

      Hussain Bharmal am

    • @TheDeltathreat
      @TheDeltathreat 7 років тому

      Hussain Bharmal it certainly was but islamic revolution has changed too many things...

    • @hussainbharmal7243
      @hussainbharmal7243 7 років тому +2

      May be but one thing is for sure this country lone as the courage to stand against US and Saudi Alliance

    • @oliverwilson11
      @oliverwilson11 6 років тому +1

      The dumbest Iranian is still smarter than the president of America who watches TV for like 8 hours a day

    • @TheArklyte
      @TheArklyte 6 років тому

      +Hussain Bharmal
      if only you guys(Iran, Pakistan, India) decided that it's time to stop playing backstab paranoia roulette.
      P.S.: yes, I know about the relationship inbetween. But I'm serious about India. After all Afghanistan and Iraq were already taken over and out.

  • @Good_BorisAV
    @Good_BorisAV Рік тому

    _Thank you!_
    _Thank you for the provided film!_

  • @HMPublish
    @HMPublish 6 років тому +4

    It's great if you want to play music, it's even better if you can.

  • @Mrmudbone_gaming
    @Mrmudbone_gaming 7 років тому

    Great work on the captions. I was definitely able to read it through out the whole video.....

  • @lee-lemon
    @lee-lemon 7 років тому +4

    2:19 "Living in the dessert..." mhmm donuts.

  • @Benzijune
    @Benzijune Рік тому

    Iran is the wonder land of Middle East ❤😊🇮🇷

  • @johnlarson7858
    @johnlarson7858 6 років тому +2

    The music...please help me to understand. Is it absolute nails-on-a-chalkboard sounding to just me? Won’t lie...this music could bring two nations to war.

    • @tusi1390
      @tusi1390 5 років тому +2

      Finally I find out why the US withdraw from nuclear agreement with Iran.

  • @aiwwakk7152
    @aiwwakk7152 Рік тому

    Long live the Islamic Republic of Iran.
    Proud to be Muslim and Iranian.
    🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷🇮🇷

  • @yogeshdesai5999
    @yogeshdesai5999 6 років тому +1

    Where are young people? These age old traditions will die soon with these oldies.

  • @rnqtn
    @rnqtn 7 років тому +7

    1:10 Ahh, music to my ears. They are bleeding and tearing apart a little but it's wonderful.

  • @RiotHouseLP
    @RiotHouseLP 7 років тому +5

    Something tells me that National Geographic can only make videos that the Iranian government allows them make. Only shows what is permitted to be shown.

    • @OfficialShadowKing
      @OfficialShadowKing 7 років тому +1

      RiotHouse
      idiot dipshit, National geographic covers these sorts of materials... what other materials does NG cover other than culture and wildlife?

  • @freaker126
    @freaker126 7 років тому +10

    people wondering about his age. have you guys look at his surrounding? That's why people in the old days live longer. They don't live in the shitting environment that we are now in the cities with air pollution and the shit we eat. and, he spend more time in the dessert. Which is of course, less stressful then ou 24hrs job seeking for wealth that corrupt our mind. You need to be mentally and physically healthy to live longer. it's one thing to live longer but to live in a ripe old age without the burden of losing your mind, body and soul. :p

  • @ShalahudinAlAyubiZLA
    @ShalahudinAlAyubiZLA 7 років тому +1

    Wow... I'm early.... nice video as always natgeo

  • @mariadaluzmoutinho6691
    @mariadaluzmoutinho6691 6 років тому +4

    O que é mais espectacular no deserto é que pode encontrar-se um oásis ou um poço em qualquer parte...os rituais devem existir ...pode-se constatar aqui não é ?

  • @key1875
    @key1875 7 років тому +13

    as an Iranian i should say that music was not good at all...

    • @jalil16
      @jalil16 6 років тому

      you don't know Iran . that's problem with some Iranian people also you don;t where they recorded this video

  • @---zx9zf
    @---zx9zf 4 роки тому +2

    I actually like the music lol

  • @teekamdev259
    @teekamdev259 6 років тому +1

    Great job

  • @ameerejazejaz6412
    @ameerejazejaz6412 6 років тому +3

    Nice to see still in operation. Here in pakistan these canals are called karaize but they are drying due to new modren tube wells weter table is getting lower

    • @hamidrezaamini8626
      @hamidrezaamini8626 4 роки тому +6

      In Iran, we also use the word "Kariz". In fact, the word "Kariz" is a Persian word while "Qanat" is an Arabic word.

  • @palsingh5212
    @palsingh5212 4 роки тому +1

    Excellent

  • @poetsatya9089
    @poetsatya9089 3 роки тому +1

    Nice country . Wish to visit..

  • @franosbornblaschke3694
    @franosbornblaschke3694 Рік тому

    Beautiful images. : )

  • @AhJodie
    @AhJodie Рік тому

    Beautiful. I want to know more.

  • @marklo6283
    @marklo6283 7 років тому +2

    Great place

  • @blaseforestcall3800
    @blaseforestcall3800 7 років тому +2

    Whao... overwhelming

  • @rudyishoggin
    @rudyishoggin Рік тому +1

    What a beautiful country

  • @BORN-to-Run
    @BORN-to-Run Рік тому

    IRAN is one of the earliest cultures on Earth!

  • @walowaiyesh
    @walowaiyesh 6 років тому +9

    "Qanat" does not mean "to dig", it's an Arabic word that means "channel" or "canal". And all have a shared semitic root that means "reed" or "stick", which is what forces the water to go in a certain direction. Interestingly enough, the word for law in Arabic is derived from the same root (Also the English term "canon law", but this one comes from Arabic's cousin language: Hebrew).

  • @tusharjoshi7069
    @tusharjoshi7069 5 місяців тому

    In India, burhanpur same heritage site is there known by the name kundi bhandara.😊

  • @cherishireland9194
    @cherishireland9194 7 років тому +4

    I couldn't handle the music but it's an interesting video

  • @souvikdeb2523
    @souvikdeb2523 6 років тому +1

    By Jove!! He doesn't look like 102. I have a 30 year old convenience store near my place that easily looks 102

  • @ericyao3479
    @ericyao3479 5 років тому +5

    0:07 I thought that was a rock at first

  • @bostonmassacre508
    @bostonmassacre508 7 років тому +4

    someone please stop that music my head was about to explode

  • @iranazadi7
    @iranazadi7 2 роки тому +1

    I'd like to fill them with desalinated water from the south

  • @phaganators
    @phaganators 7 років тому +8

    That guy is NOT 102 years old

    • @kwokwing-hung5134
      @kwokwing-hung5134 7 років тому +2

      Same thing I thought. If he's 102, then I'm the fucking King of India.

    • @louperdrix5517
      @louperdrix5517 7 років тому +3

      I hosted a young (18y.o.) migrant from Guinee Konakry 3 months this winter. He told me he was very surprised of the looking of eldest in France . He said in his country, everybody looks old at 50, but here in France : still young (i am 57). I personally know some 70 and 80 y.o. people, women especially, who walk very fast in the mountains, climbing and descending as if they were 20. Much more fastly than i do although i was born in the mountain. My grand uncle still runs in the stairs, up and down, at more than 90 and does some childish exercices outside in the garden, turning around a bar above his head. My grand-grand father died at 100 in a perfect mental condition and was able to climb mountains up to his 80s. I know a big number of more than 100 people, esp. women, in excellent condition, physically and mentally (in France). I think you find many also in Cuba, in Okinawa, and in the USA (even old women of more than 80 who dance very energicaly, doing shows in all the country !) ... So THIS old man is not an exception. He is exceptionaly thinking, preserving his culture, transmitting knowledges : this is because Iranian people are very well educated, an very ancient grand civilisation. And that's probably why you are surprised : where do you come from ?

    • @stevephillips3541
      @stevephillips3541 6 років тому +1

      Yah, in Iran that guy is 32

    • @ComciastJSA
      @ComciastJSA Рік тому

      Yah he is 102
      I know because I live in iran

  • @shojaajhideh8829
    @shojaajhideh8829 3 роки тому

    جانم ایران سرزمین نجیب زادگان❤❤💖❤❤

  • @timog7358
    @timog7358 7 років тому +2

    squidward anyone? :D

  • @fhuber7507
    @fhuber7507 6 років тому +2

    Learn how to keep things working or when they break down you're screwed.
    Especially if its your water supply that breaks down.

  • @dumdropdumdrop
    @dumdropdumdrop 3 роки тому

    this is one of the reasons why i believe romans had earlier knowledge before pagan deities, romans called them aquaduct to prevent flooding cities. egyptians had similiar to these water tunnels. in my opinion i believe romans had two separate going knowledge, you dont have to name abacus as a religion. unless intellectually dishonest, it wasnt until after offspring were worshipped.

  • @MrSubielove
    @MrSubielove 6 років тому

    Well, iran better start conserving because the country is definitely experiencingajor water crisis. Continue this and it for sure qanat last any longer ^_^

  • @blindpew412
    @blindpew412 7 років тому +35

    I'm no Arab so Im wandering if that music is considered good?

    • @hello.m3299
      @hello.m3299 7 років тому

      BAMBI The vacuum cleaner 5000 i am arab but i didn't understand what he said 😕

    • @maxzak5310
      @maxzak5310 7 років тому +40

      he is not arab but persian , music is not good or bad , it's traditional kind of instrument ... kinda like scottish pipe ... its usually popular among villagers for special events ... wedding , funeral , new year.... it not what you listen in your car if you know what i mean !

    • @maxzak5310
      @maxzak5310 7 років тому

      yeah well the porous of these kind of music is to notify the residents not to enjoy , they are usually loud and deafening .... kurds have relatively decent ones

    • @VersionBest
      @VersionBest 7 років тому +3

      BAMBI The vacuum cleaner 5000, roflmao lol I thought the same hahaha.

    • @sisu413
      @sisu413 7 років тому +5

      he's a Persian. not Arab

  • @SS-ve7tt
    @SS-ve7tt Рік тому

    Pretty interesting video, thank you.. But 102? Right.

  • @sanjaysingh-bn2fu
    @sanjaysingh-bn2fu 6 років тому +1

    In india also two city burhanpur and belgam have qanat
    Its perisan inflence on india

  • @salemkhan6239
    @salemkhan6239 7 років тому +2

    Whats with the music?

  • @akhtargul6000
    @akhtargul6000 6 років тому +1

    It called kareez in Pakistan and Afghanistan

  • @WaterspoutsOfTheDeep
    @WaterspoutsOfTheDeep 6 років тому +1

    that music is unbearable

  • @thirdy3126
    @thirdy3126 3 роки тому

    The mosquito sounds:

  • @fabiozindel
    @fabiozindel 7 років тому

    amazing

  • @cakbudi9
    @cakbudi9 4 роки тому

    Bah Bah... Ali bud

  • @gamebro511
    @gamebro511 6 років тому +1

    That is the worst instrument in history lol.

  • @coolcalm1605
    @coolcalm1605 Рік тому

    WHO says now 98% of the population in Iran (Cities and villages) have healthy drinking water supplied to their homes. That's amazing because I live in a capital city that has 3 times the GDP of Iran but I can't drink water in 5 star Hotels except from commercial bottled mineral water. In the capital city, every day I have to buy mineral water to drink.

  • @2Sage-7Poets
    @2Sage-7Poets 2 роки тому

    same distance with the earth and the moon? oh i see an exaggeration..

  • @KaliffVillaflor
    @KaliffVillaflor Рік тому

    Over 3000 years!!

  • @LoveVanillaRose
    @LoveVanillaRose 3 роки тому

    That is the worst noise I’ve ever heard

  • @OmarFaruk-iz3ju
    @OmarFaruk-iz3ju 6 років тому +1

    what's wrong with those disturbing musicians???

  • @3Buffylover
    @3Buffylover 7 років тому

    He is in the desert in the middle of the day with fire and a sweater??

    • @BrokieOFC
      @BrokieOFC 7 років тому +5

      And he is 102 years old. First time you see a real man, eh ?

    • @---zx9zf
      @---zx9zf 4 роки тому

      Thats the traditional clothing haha

  • @jrok9996
    @jrok9996 7 років тому +1

    Noooooo one noticed the chick's name? MAHBOOBEH sounds a lot like my boobie.

  • @sanjaysingh-bn2fu
    @sanjaysingh-bn2fu 5 років тому

    In india also there r 2 kanat system
    One in burahanpur
    And belgam

  • @amit4Bihar
    @amit4Bihar 7 років тому

    They were not called qanat til 10th century

  • @asumani2657
    @asumani2657 6 років тому +1

    So Iranians are complaining of their music!!?? WTF! Why you keep playing it, ok let's dance to our African beats haha

  • @MrArianmas
    @MrArianmas 7 років тому +22

    I can already tell there's going to be so much cultural ignorance in these comments.

  • @thechris2039
    @thechris2039 Рік тому

    Why don't they do this in Africa

  • @azizdeihimi6047
    @azizdeihimi6047 2 роки тому

    Qanat comes from the word digging is a Persian word

  • @utshoahmed3202
    @utshoahmed3202 3 роки тому

    This tunnel is a movie made, someone will tell me the name of the movie please

  • @yodaydyxz1752
    @yodaydyxz1752 6 років тому +1

    To short

  • @rchuso
    @rchuso 7 років тому

    If they really are ancient - which culture created them?

    • @gregwiens9146
      @gregwiens9146 7 років тому +2

      Rand Huso Persia

    • @fhuber7507
      @fhuber7507 6 років тому +2

      Persia was one of the more advanced societies at one point in history.

    • @---zx9zf
      @---zx9zf 4 роки тому +1

      The Persians. The same people who managed to have an empire reaching three continents

    • @rchuso
      @rchuso 4 роки тому

      @@---zx9zf - I suspect they learned their technology from the Sumerians.

    • @---zx9zf
      @---zx9zf 4 роки тому +1

      @@rchuso No they did not. This technique is one of the oldest and almost a trade mark for the greater Iran region. Persians did this long before having an empire and having contact withe sumerians and other great civilisations.

  • @shaheenmusicvlog519
    @shaheenmusicvlog519 7 років тому +2

    iran is the best country

  • @gerrygwag
    @gerrygwag 7 років тому +1

    I got as far as the length of these tunnels. Almost 240 thousand mile?? I really don't think so.

    • @micahriley8192
      @micahriley8192 6 років тому +1

      me either. it's too good to be true. an entire civilization could live in them... oh ho ho now i see why the video cuts out without giving us actual learning. sneaky mole people.

    • @---zx9zf
      @---zx9zf 4 роки тому +2

      You have to think, that since 3000 years there are more and more qanats being build, while the older ones are still in use. There are Qanats as old as 2000 years that are still working and the life source of an entire village

  • @omarhernandez289oh
    @omarhernandez289oh 7 років тому +1

    No way that guy is 102 and still walking

  • @xtingwisher
    @xtingwisher 7 років тому +1

    I don't ever watch this but fuck it I'm early

  • @thedude5901
    @thedude5901 7 років тому

    just use a pipeline

  • @darrelcdammann
    @darrelcdammann 7 років тому +3

    explanation to how it works would be great.... um... sure he's old😂 how about some knowledge 😒😒

  • @hunter-ws8sx
    @hunter-ws8sx 4 роки тому

    he Qanat be 102..

  • @azizdeihimi6047
    @azizdeihimi6047 2 роки тому

    Qanat = Iranshahri

  • @jleezy0121
    @jleezy0121 6 років тому

    Dune desert planet

  • @shriekingbushpigshrieking
    @shriekingbushpigshrieking 7 років тому

    gut wrenching music

  • @azizdeihimi6047
    @azizdeihimi6047 2 роки тому

    Qanat vient du mot creuser est un mot persan

  • @The_Konstrukt
    @The_Konstrukt 5 місяців тому

    Enki

  • @hansolo1935
    @hansolo1935 7 років тому +1

    These qanats even exist in Afghanistan.

  • @bogart6155
    @bogart6155 7 років тому

    Not First!'!'

  • @nighthunter1313
    @nighthunter1313 7 років тому

    oops

  • @azizdeihimi6047
    @azizdeihimi6047 2 роки тому

    قنات از واژه کندن می‌آید واژه پارسی است

  • @alinewton7448
    @alinewton7448 6 років тому

    How does the Iranians can dig water tunnels with the longth is 350000km.

    • @micahriley8192
      @micahriley8192 6 років тому +1

      i would love to know this also. i doubt it's true. maybe most lengths are natural. or it's skewed math. maybe they calculate the area of aquifers then change the math to linear distance for some odd reason... wow factor.

    • @---zx9zf
      @---zx9zf 4 роки тому +2

      @@micahriley8192 They are continually build since 3000 years.

    • @whiderboss
      @whiderboss Рік тому

      I didn't believe it myself but wikipedia and math says it probably is
      350000 km / 3000 years = 116 km dug per year
      116 / 50000 qanats in iran = 0.00232 km dug per year in 1 qanat
      digging 2,32 meters of rock a year seems pretty plausible. Obviously they'd dig faster with lots of people, and stopping when it's done.

    • @رضا-ص6ث
      @رضا-ص6ث Рік тому

      There are more amazing things in Iran. One of Iran's water tunnels is 1700 years old and is only 80 kilometers long

  • @marieconstant6452
    @marieconstant6452 4 роки тому

    1999 PLOTS RELIGIONS MARC CONSTANT CEDIEU PAUL DANIEL FOUND RISING DRAMATICALLY

  • @wizofozz2490
    @wizofozz2490 6 років тому

    Water tunnels..?? There is absolutely no scientific explanation for the formation of long caves and tunnels. unless you understand they were once the roots of giant trees that decayed and disappeared leaving the fossilized surrounds intact..