Nitration of Benzene Mechanism - Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions
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- Опубліковано 9 чер 2024
- This organic chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the nitration of benzene mechanism which is one of the most common electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
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The best nitration reaction in detail i have ever seen.... thank you so much
many thanks!!!
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can this also be applied for a xanthoproteic test?
Thanks sir
I dont understand chemistry. Why does something form if its going to be unstable and have loads of lone pairs. Why do the lone electrons have to be in pairs. What even makes something stable or unstable.
Something is formed even if it's unstable to proceed the reaction, you can always just not form it and let it be but we have to see other possibilities, also sometimes formation of something unstable leads to something more stable than what we started with.
Lone electrons are always in pairs because of distribution of electrons in orbitals, I don't clearly remember the name of the rule right now but look up electronic configuration and you'll find the distribution rules.
Stability depends on a lot of factors, no of alpha carbons, attachment of electron withdrawing group or electron donating group, electronegativity of carbon etc, you'll have to look it up and understand every concept to be clear on this one
Dude chemistry is like minecraft but its really infinite exploration its a natural phenomenon that we are trying to understand by analysing and giving facts and proof, no one can change it its just as "it is what it is"
We see this sort of thing in every day life even from the movement you were born you were forced to learn numbers(1,2,3.....) If you were yo say it dont make any sense you will be correct but you still need it to perform mathematical operations , just take imaginary number like who the hell need it but......oof
I thing you understand what i am trying to convey you here , bye
It's like exactly asking why the matters in the universe work like this and why they are constituted like this. No one knows, humans just study the universe and these are observed facts about the matter in the universe, based on those facts, we then study further their behaviour and properties.
Regarding the stability question:
You might have often heard that "less energy is more stable". The energy referred here is the Potential Energy.
Take two positive charges. If we just put them close to each other and let go, what would happen?
They would repel each other and move far apart, right?
As they move far apart their potential energy decreases.
Stability is kind of like Nature's favourite condition. We don't know why it's like that but nature prefers systems that have less energy. So it tends to push things towards a less energy state i.e, stable condition.
Hope this helps. If you want you can check out Khan Academy video on the same topic "Why less energy means stability"
Dude this all are fake, bcz how can any sceintist see with his naked eyes whats happening inside the test tube
Good
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Resonance structure of phenol
question, what about para meta directors how do they fit in if the nitro group is a deactivation group?
Dude did you get the answer..I was thinking the same
Thank you once again.
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Which is most readily nitrated
Why does the o in the oh group (on nitric acid) grab the hydrogen on sulfuric acid rather than the negative o in nitric acid?
What will be the rate determining step of it? The attack of the double bond from benzene to the nitronium ion in order to create the carbonation ion intermediate?
The rate determining step (RDS) is the slowest step in the reaction. Here the RDS is formation of Sigma complex which happens after the generated electrophile attacks the aromatic ring
It doesn't get rid of carbocation in step 2, but H. Or am I wrong?
In my textbook it says no2 withdraws electrons from the benzene ring but isnt it a + ion because it has an extra electron
It doesn't have extra electrons but a positive charge so it wants electrons.
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At 4:36 why didnt Base took the other Hydrogen why the one connected with NO2?
Because that time also electrophile is trying to remove that particular hydrogen so it will become weak as compared to other carbon hydrogen bonds
From another point of view
That NO2 group has -I (it pulls electrons itselfs) so that Hydrogen bond is weakened it will be easier to remove that hydrogen compared to other carbons hydrogen
My question is: why sulfuric acid specifically?
Does this reaction require sulfuric acid? Or could nitric acid react with itself in the first step?
It requires sulphuric acid to help nitric acid forming an electrophile
ok i kinda get it
im just here to listen to that angelic voice ngl
I’m still thinking about 4:00 it’s negative charge instead of positive
you still?
-two pi electrons are used to make one sigma combine
so it would be relatively positive
@@user-xu5ts9eu4p what are pi electrons. What is sigma.
@@edwardjarvis3442 pi pi hota h aur sigma sigma hota h
@@edwardjarvis3442 double bond between atoms is called pi bond and single bond is called Sigma bond.
I have a question about the step you did for producing NO2+ (timestamp: 2:50 )
I saw a different equation.
HNO3+2H2SO4=NO2+ + H3O+ + 2HSO4-
This makes more sense to me for some reason, could you check it pls, I don't think water can be one of the bases in this case.
Hno3 can be used as base
I think
How did the carbocation get it's charge? There are only three bonds
Edit: Time stamp: 4:03
, when the nitroniumion is attacking the ring with a positive charge, it gets nurtilized by giving the positive charge to the ring.
Therefore it will from crabocation.
Mahdi Abdullah Noman It took a while, but I see it now. Thanks
Respectfully and gain knowledge
HNO3 acts as a bronsted base
I have an doubt. How the benzene hv one more hydrogen .
Time stamp:2:58
There is a hydrogen on every carbon atom, he didn't bother drawing all 6 and just drew 2.
:(
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