Why do animals have such different lifespans? - Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
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- Опубліковано 3 кві 2017
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For the microscopic lab worm C. elegans, life equates to just a few short weeks on Earth. The bowhead whale, on the other hand, can live over two hundred years. Why are these lifespans so different? And what does it really mean to ‘age' anyway? Joao Pedro de Magalhaes explains why the pace of aging varies greatly across animals.
Lesson by Joao Pedro de Magalhaes, animation by Sharon Colman.
If you want to keep exploring fascinating facts from the animal kingdom, check out this playlist: bit.ly/2I7F48x
TED-Ed how about jellyfish?
They can go back to form where they don't need to eat
TED-Ed thank you
TED-Ed why do small dogs live longer than larger ones if they are the same species?
I love to see the expression of those animals in this video
I wish they had talked about how crazy bird life expectancies are. Little birds only live 2-4 years but parrots like cockatoos have a life expectancy of 80-100 years. It's really interesting
did it start ?
50 years max where u getting 100 from?
@@massivemagoo actually I have no idea where you get 50 years max?? That's around the average life expectancy for African grey parrots but certainly not the max, the oldest lived to be 72 but my best friend had one as a kid that belonged to her grandfather before he was too old to take care of it and it lived to be 62. Cockatoos average life expectancy is between 40 to 70 years, and macaws while the average love expectancy is 60 the oldest lived to be 114 years, and there are dozens of examples of parrots living to be 100 or just under it, but certainly not a max of 50. Even smaller birds like cockatiels and conures commonly live to be 20 and 15 years old. While the oldest of both species was around 30. This is why these birds are such a huge investment, even the smaller ones live a very long time and the bigger ones are pretty much a companion for life. So idk where I got 80-100 as an average, but 80-100 isn't UNCOMMON for some species, with 70 being pretty common for most of them. Even human beings in America have a life expectancy of only 72 years. So if you intend to get one of these birds, expect it to live it's entire life with you, because 50 years is certainly not a max for them.
@@massivemagoo where are getting 50 max from? These birds are known to live up to around a century
@@massivemagoo I think he is talking about max life expectancy, not longetivity.
As the op stated, "80-100 years" of life expectancy is incorrect. The average parrot would not live till those years, only a few.
This guys voice is the best, if he can do every educational video ever that would be great.
I know who to turn to now in case Morgan Freeman denies to narrate my life.
I can't find out who it is! I keep wanting to reference him but I don't know who he is.
Vivian Glick The only thing you got to do is wait until the credits show up on screen
Vivian Glick His name is Addison Anderson. He does have a great voice!
Oh thank you!
One day people will be like " ONLY 71 YEARS?!" "THAT'S SO SHORT!"
Diego Brando wtf
@@Mechjeb661 ummm what... 💀💀
@@Mechjeb661 umm k
@@Mechjeb661 What are you related to Grigori Rasputin?
everyone in my family that has. died in the last 40 years has lived to be over 90. My great grandmother died when i was 3, and she had just turned 109. i think the averages will change pretty soon.
You forgot the *Legends*
*Legends* _never die._
Rick Astley
When the world is calling you
can you hear them screaming out your name
They become a part of you
I know this is mainly just memeing around but it actually made me feel better from the existential thought this video gave me.
"we are the only species on earth to take control over our natural fate "
wow that's deep
there is a species of jellyfish that is called "the immortal jellyfish" and they can also take control of there lifespan too and oh have i also mentioned that if they do die they can simply be reborn don't believe then look it up
Freaked me out man
deep meaning
Muhammad At Thariq Filardi it’s literally a fact not deep at all
@@thejurassicwarewolf3300 but they mean medicine, vaccines, treatment etc.
feels kind of depressing knowing I will start degenerating in a few years.
Tod 1 You're technically dying. And being born.
Its ok. I'm in my 40s and i live with a smile starring at my 5 yr old boy. Its ok.
Tod Olusola News flash, you already are
Tod Olusola well at least we’re all in this together!
i wish i was doctor who with regeneration abilities.
When the girl in the animation pulls her leg back at the end, i briefly thought she was going to kick the guy in the nuts 😭
Me when i see ted new video i havent seen before : *its time to learn everything and nothing at the same time*
if human can live up to 400 years, the world will end way more quickly.
TheLoongsiu yup
I don't think so if people will live 400 years we will have many enlightened ones walking here and there so it would be a better world I guess
@Danial Naz well it's not like we don't have sufficient food but the food is not distributed properly
If Einstein and Newton could live up to 400 years.........
If it that would happen... SAY HELLO TO CANNIBILZIM
But what if we could engineer our telomeres so that they don't get shorter as we age?
Mohammed then we would get sexually mature (turn into an adult) normally and then stay that way forever it would be awsome and old people could probboly use it and become young again which is cool
Pls don't. Imagine extending humans like Trump. pls dont
We already have such cells in our bodies. We call them cancer cells.
😱
Smiley we would be like elves
This is really nice. I was hoping you guys can do a video on why certain dog breeds live longer than others!
2:34 I don’t know why, but that freaked me out.
Do you feel bad for mosquitoes and flies?
same i really jumped from my screen lol.. good thing i wasnt in public
Same
3:06 Swiper no swiping!!!
LMAO 😂
this is my favourite comment
LOL
I love how the guys shirt at the end said *notification squad*
Faye Dingle haha ikr
Right lol
lol
Faye Dingle Subliminal messages
haha that’s me
This has interested me for a long time. As I heard that the average lifespan for some animals was different. It is really interesting how whales can live on average for 200 years.
I really liked the part where you said "We are the only species on earth to take control over our natural fate ". Imagine if one day we will be able to make average life even longer like 150 years.
The maximum (~120+) has never changed. Healthcare, environment, genetics and lifestyle allow more people to get closer to the known maximum.
You notice how many of us rn? And we on constant war for land? There no peaceful life here yet
Imagine someone reads your comment from when people are actually living up to 150 years
So there's Wales today that could have met someone born in the 1700's?
Isn’t it weird that dying at age 50 is young, but you are arguably old at age 50?
young from a social perspective; old AF is from a rational perspective.
@@laurynasjagelo5075 I think it’s the opposite
50 is not old what are you talking about
@@dunyacaliskan7495 it can be, depending on where you live. For example in a country where the average life expentancy is 45 or something, then 50 is considered to be "old".
Yeah but it depends on who you’re talking to. Perception of old depends on age. But almost everyone except small children will consider dying at 50 too young.
You know...this gives an added perspective to existentialism. Knowing that a clam/shell creature will outlive me really makes me wonder why I exist at all. Would it be better if I was a clam/shell? Maybe
I think you're thinking very small. Why not be the multiverse? Outlive everything, including yourself.
Elsa bella The thing is, clams aren't nearly intelligent enough to appreciate their long lives. Not much point living for centuries if there's basically nothing about to think about, learn, or accomplish during that time.
If you were a clam, you wouldn't even be capable of understanding you exist.
Elsa bella also makes you think, is the only reason of being here just to reproduce?...
Eat the clam and you will live longer than it!
lol those elephants are cute, wiggling their trunks back and forth xD
what
😩
Yes, so cute🥺
No the oldest animal was a clam called Mia which was 561 years but scientists accidentally killed it
Hamza Kamali no the oldest animal was a shark named uthred which was 783 years but scientists accidentally killed it and then a car ran over it
Why do scientists kill everything :-(
@@leen3942
Scientists maintain it alive in the first place so...
@@Adrian-mg5bl no, they were just experimenting on it. Not keeping it alive
@@leen3942 Well they had to keep it alive in order to experiment🤷♀
The only thing I learned from this is why Peter griffin lives in Quahog and drinks at the drunken clam
You missed an extremely important fact, and got another one completely backwards. Experiments on a fly with an life expectancy of 24 hours pushed that to 72 hours simply by delaying the point of reproduction. It was hypothesized that the individual is useless to nature once reproduction has been carried out. In the case of the Fly, they are programmed to die shortly after reproduction, but when this is consistently delayed the epigenetic markers pushed that out to ensure that the next generation is able to survive long enough to reproduce. In this way, the mouse doesn't reproduce fast because it has a short life span - it has a short life span because it reproduces fast. Nature has selected for fast reproducing mice because those who wait have a higher likelihood of being eaten. While this may sound like a case of fast reproduction in response to early death, keep in mind that we are talking about natural death - aging - being influenced by being killed via outside forces.
Similar trends are observable in recorded human history. In eras and locations where war and famine had a higher tendency to kill people at a young age, reproduction occurred even younger, which in turn sped up the rate of sexual maturity. It is even biologically possible for a human of just a few years old to give birth to a health baby, as has actually happened. Hypothetically speaking, if some selective pressure pushed for that, humans could rapidly change to have the lifespan of mice. Of course, with modern humans, the push for education has resulted in cultural delays on reproduction with the age of sexual consent being pushed up to a higher age faster than nature can keep up. This has resulted in a teen pregnancy statistic - something humans have never even cared about before - which is still on average higher than the age humans used to reproduce on average. There are still outliers though, like the 12 year old girl who has a baby who herself was born when her mother was 12 making the youngest grandmother in the UK, but as a whole, despite the biological push to reproduce at a younger age than culture allows, humans are consciously choosing to wait, with an even larger population waiting until their 30's and 40's to have children than ever before. All of this tells us that the gradually increasing lifespan has more to do with epigenetics than modern medical science.
Not that modern medical science isn't also playing a role, but it's actually a long term negative. Or rather it will be until human gene therapy can tackle the resulting issues. You see, many humans have genetic defects that are easier to pass on when modern medical science helps them to live to the point of sexual maturity. Most people think of the age related conditions, but I argue that's a smaller issue since it's connected to aging - not age. As the rate of human aging adjusts these conditions should, at least in principle, change the age at which they appear.
After so many generations of epigenetic stability, the process eventually becomes hard coded. People think of random mutation when they think of evolution, but that's rarely the cast. Most mutations tend to be harmful. Hard coding of an epigenetic change happens because the epigenome changes what genes are being coded and so when a mutation happens in a non coded region it being impossible to change back without another mutation. A good example of this is the teeth of a chicken, who still have the genes for sharp teeth, but can no longer escape from the egg when an epigenetic change otherwise results in the formation of teeth since another important gene is broken. A mutation can bring it back, but only if the mutation coincides with the epigenetic change.
To those who doubt how important the epigenome is to evolution, consider this: The placenta is viral. Or rather, the ancestor of all mammals was infected with a retrovirus at the point of conception which caused the virus to spread evenly to all cells (the only way to pass a virus on reproductively as part of the species genome) and the epigenome later on figured out how to turn the virus genes on and off at precise times to create the placenta. In fact, a fair chunk of human DNA is viral in origin, and all of which controlled epigenetically. You simply cannot form a factual basis for explaining life without looking at this system. It's the real time adaptation level that really enables species to adapt to their environment.
Elliander Eldridge Where did you study? Interesting topic. Whats the counter to your point I would like to know.
Elliander Eldridge just watching this comment thread
So, does this mean that being a virgin is the secret to immortality? :D
Good that I am never going to have sex
Elliander Eldridge could this mean that the reason women live longer than men is because men masturbate at a young age which signals the male body that it has passed on its genes and can now die (since masturbation is unnatural) while the woman's body signals birthing much later in life causing the body to die much later?
I wonder if the sun has anything to do with it. Some of those older living animals under the sea probably don't get as much exposure to the sun.
It probably increases the rate of cell death.
Yep. Ultraviolet radiation is constantly destroying the DNA in our cells. Less radiation -> less energy used up for replacing cells.
Oh shoot I never thought of that!
Never thought about that🤔
Im staying inside this summer
0:33 Salmon: Imma speed run that part.
Great video! I love the little heartbeat animations hinting at the importance of the absolute number of them during lifespans.
"I want to live longer" then suddenly plans to live in antarctica
I love this person's voice. I think half of the reason why I love this channel is because of the narration.
pls do a video on the topic: what would we look like on different planets
Welcome to another episode of "I never searched for this video but wow, interesting it made me curious too and now I'm binge-watching TED-Ed videos" I love TED so much
I could listen to this guys voice forever...
Nah, we all gonna die.
Thank you for sharing everything you know TED-Ed
People: queen Elizabeth is really old
Quahog clam: hold my ocean juice
Great work!!! Love these videos, very educational. 10/10!
I love these videos. they are really interesting and well said
I was under the impression the longest living mammal was the Greenland shark which currently theres one still alive who is over 500 years old.
How do they know, did they ask him or something
Sharks aren’t mammals, they’re fish
Moral of the story: get rid of your heart and metabolism to live forever.
Wait
_Modern problems require modern solutions_
Except the fact that oxidation will slowly kill your cells and other parts of your body, since oxidation is a pretty sizeable part to age.
So apparently just don't breathe, remove heart and metabolism, and bam... Immortal.
@@sloughsharkseh3307 That can be theoretically possible..... We just need to replace the need of oxygen with something else, but governments don't let us test on humans.
@@sloughsharkseh3307 I mean the air is still touching your skin
@@davidsplooge14yeah I was joking. Because the problem is that oxygen is also diffusing through skin into your cells, and diffuse through your eye area into the brain.
As an aside, I love the colors and textures in this animation!
Honestly wtf do you do for 200 years in the sea??
Edit: wait never mind 400 years!!
Moonyooka swim, eat, swim, eat, swim, eat, etc...
that is plenty of mating, after all ... the sea is full of fish :P
just keep swimming, just keep swimming, just keep swimming
Clear information, thank you.
Ah thats one of the first piece I've ever learned! Great job on the nuances!
I love how ted eds sound so clear and calm.
Never thought about it in my entire life until my 6y old asked me this question today. I couldn't answer and the Google showed this video. Very informative and well explained. Thanks
Wow
Amazing knowledge!!! Thank you!
These videos answer questions I never knew I had
I think it comes down to the length of time a species can spend in an optimal environment. Temperature, food availability, access to water, natural threats, and exposure to toxins are just some of the main components that factor into the lifespan of an organism
Eeee
Jesus said:"Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons.." -Matthew 7 How did that "man" know that more than 2 thousand years AFTER HE DIED; ALL THAT WILL HAPPEN, There are so "Many" christian religions today, doing exactly what He prophesied more than 2000 years ago.
"Remember the former things, those of long ago;
I am God, and there is no other;
I am God, and there is none like me. I make known the end from the beginning" -Isaiah 46
ua-cam.com/video/vFAxw6vueuQ/v-deo.html
But also, why does small dogs usually live longer than bigger dogs?
This is one of the few educational videos that i wanted longer. Like the specifics of the other species
haha the baby elephant is pretty cute. The overall animation is cute. Props to Sharon!
I remember reading about a scientific study of various differently-sized mammals which concluded that most, if not all, mammals have a life span of around 800 million heartbeats, regardless of the size of the animal.
That should be true as I have read that smaller the body, higher the heart beat.
Ya i saw it just now after reading your comment it says humans pass 800 million threshold after an age of 25
what about the turritopsis dornhii? its a jelly fish that has the ability to live forever. it goes through a process known as transdifferentiation, where after sexual maturity, it can take its old cells and transform them to younger cells in its life cycle. and the only way it can die is if it is eaten, which is slightly unlikely due to the fact that its tentacles can sting other predators.
Underrated comment for 4 years
Ur voice is so calming even at the end when u made it sound so sad that we cant live as far as the .....thingy and other thingys
Wow.. I've always taken the fact of different lifespan as granted and the title sure caught my attention!
2:17 can we talk about the beautiful movement of the animals?
i wish I was a giant, living under ice sheets
Great video. Thanks.
Excellent video. And I love the fact that you always credit the name of the writer on the title.
Does that mean that in colder climate humans live longer too? And if to move there from a warmer place, would I have the extra years?
Andriy Vasylenko OFF TO ANTARCTICA!!!!🐧🐧
Unless you plan on lowering your own body temperature then no it wouldn’t do anything
That would just force ur body to work harder on keeping you warm
Nah you can’t, you will most likely freeze to death. The animals that live in cold climates have learned to adapt to the freezing temperature, unlike us.
That's not how it works, it's not like a freezer where you put meat in it and it lasts longer. Why do you think places such as Antartica, Greenland, and iceland in total have under 400,000 in population. Wouldn't there be more people living there if living in colder environments would allow you to live longer?
This is one of those times when I'm proud to be human
And then I remember how horrible we are to everything around us, that thought goes away
Same
I love your videos always because it can be downloaded thanks @Ted-ed
I want to watch more and learn more. It is a very good studying material and it inspires me a lot. Thank you very much
I just found out everyone in my family lives to be at least 90. Great.
Some people will tell you that you are blessed. That is a long time.
*When schools in session:* doesn't wanna watch ted videos when asked to by professors
*summer vacation:* binge watches ted/educational videos
Thank you!
Great Info
What about dogs? We care for them, give them nutrition, and yet a dog living to age 20 is a crazy thought. Why is this so?!
Cereza good things don't last sadly
what about cats?? my cat named Leo lived 19 years
Longlivity is not an aspect that can be increased through natural selection since it stops working once you stop having kids. Unless the species only reproduces at their deathbed, and produces more succesful offsprigs the later it does, natural selection won't effect it.
That's why the body is not built to last past a certain point, despite natural limitaitons to lifespan no longer being in place.
There's more than this, of course, but you have to take into account how much we selected dogs make specific races, forcing them into a lot of congeniality which resulted in many deformities, illness or weaknesses.
Hi TED-Ed! I've always wondered, why do smaller breeds of dog generally live MUCH longer than the larger breeds? For example, some small terrier & toy breeds can live into their mid to late teens; but Great Danes are lucky if they make it to just 10.
Is it because we humans have messed around with trying to breed-in certain physical traits, sometimes resulting in breeding close relatives together, thus causing major inherited conditions & diseases that limit their lifespans?
Cheers for any answers!
There is no one explanation for all species. Giraffes are large but won't set any lifespan records either, nor will moose, elk or bison.
beautiful explanation and amazing content superb
oh man....its soo amazing to think in this direction.
this makes me be more curious to things around me
Meh, 80-100 years is good enough for me.
Catam Vanitas Not for me.
exactly lol
Same.
Good. Less competition for me when we find the cure for aging. :D
yYSilverFoxYy yeah you’d be long dead before that happens
0:57 They look like eyes!
The similarity between all of these animals is they are ADORABLY animated.
Very interesting! I’ve always wondered how this worked :)
Its a little hard for the average fellow to follow this video. One example being, how does one find out that a species can live for 10,000 years? Certainly they havent logged the life of the same cucumber for that amount of years, thats just silly. So what gives? Where does that information come from? Thanks to anyone who takes the time to reply.
reply
Mustyrat Probably calculations made using cell decay rates
Sea sponges grow quite slowly, so when they find one the size of a car they base it off of that I'd assume.
"Carbon dating" (you can just look it up from here, if you're still interested)
Thanks again.
Interesting video! Thank you. One question though, there was mentioned that the animals living in colder places have a slower hart beat which also could be a reason why they live longer. If this is true, could that mean that humans with a slower hart beat can live longer, than humans with a faster hart beat? If not developing illnesses of course. Thank you if anyone answers it!
Sjarlie Yes, slower heartbeat means that you are very resistant to the cold, and won't instantly die.
This was super helpfull
Animals can live longer than they usually do under captivity. I have a yellow canary which has an expected lifespan of 2-3 years in the wild, but it's 8 now and is expected to live up to 15 if domesticated. Many of these animals could probably live even longer if you make the conditions right - healthy food, safety from predators, ideal temperatures .etc.
But in olden days our grandpa is living nearly 100 we are from India you can cross check but nowadays we are getting weak most diseases is occurring in 55 😭.
The guy's shirt at 3:57! Notification squad! XD
Great animation
Grande João!!
Slower heart rates = longer life?
Awesome. I'm on Beta blockers for high blood pressure. They slow my heart rate. Guess that means I'll live longer than people who don't have to take Beta blockers, right?
Right?
Thank god I've been living my life as a couch potato.
I'd be dying a whole lot sooner if i was exercising and increasing my heart beat.
orangedac That’s not how it works, people that exercise more have a slower resting heart beat. Being a couch potato results in a weaker heart thus increasing resting heart rate in order to get blood through the body.
Blake I’m on beta blockers too, let’s see for how long we’ll live lol
Blake mate you have high blood pressure
depending on how long you lived with high blood pressure before being put on the blockers. all those years of damage to your arteries will take its toll down the line resulting in an earlier death.
Very good points. But I just have a question. I hope you can answer this. How can scientists measure the life expectancy of organisms other than observation? How can scientists tell that certain animals live for like 200 years, 400 years, 10 thousand years, etc when we can only live like 71 years? I guess another video regarding this? 😅
I love this video!
Short but insightful!
I've heared that generally most species do have a similar total amount of heartbeats.
The difference lies in the fact that the heart of mice beats extremely fast in comparison the the heart of a whale.
My question is:
Theoretically wouldn't this mean that having a fast heart rate (and maybe also doing much sport which of course also accelerates the beat-rate) mean that these people would die younger than people with a slower heart beat?
(sorry if this is a silly question.)
Athletes have much lower heart rate than average people when they are not exercising. Maybe only 40 per minute. So I don't think we will die younger if we exercise.
Who else feels bad for those animals who don't live very long
Animals don't have any concept of time. As an analogy you can look at a human toddler. At around 2-5 years they might know that they are "x years old" because people have told them, but they really have no concept of years or time. It is basically a "here and now" state of being for human toddlers as well as animals. This is why you put a toddler in a 5 minute timeout (basically here and now) vs grounding them for 2 weeks like you would a teenager. Also explains why babies and toddlers can go from one extreme to the other in terms of emotions in just minutes. They don't care what happened 10 minutes ago or what will happen 10 minutes from now. They have no concept of either in the moment.
Ultimate point here is that, when it comes to most (if not all) animals, 100 years is no different than a day. As a result, I wouldn't feel that bad for them in this respect.
On a similar point, I would also argue that animals don't really have a concept of death. I believe they know a predator can kill them or they can kill their prey. But they have no concept of the permanence of such an event. Again, here and now is all that matters.
Finally, some animals do appear to show some initiative for the future. For example, a squirrel stocking up nuts for the winter. However, this is a primal instinct rather than a concept of the future/time.
I love Ted ed so much
Clicked on a ted-ed video, cute baby elephant animation found, never disappoints ...
Becuase Chuck Noris likes some animals more then others
So what kind of world is the most plausible in the next 100 years? A world controlled by super-intelligent AI, a world controlled by cybernetics humans or a world controlled by mutants?
RookieN08 I think if we create a super AI, and it wanted to control the world it has 2 options: Make better AI or make better people. So our super AI creates super humans which are to us, mutants. In order to combat the mutants, we would use cybernetics.
There you go, a world with all 3. 😎
Well America is currently controlled by inbred mutants
Worst: a world controlled by politicians just like today
Oh so thats why stress kills because the beating of your heart
I like the part at the end, the little illusion at controling a little our position over the grand scheme of things
Ted: tells me I can live longer
Me: *eats candy*
But “the love of time is just an illusion”
I love the elephants nose moving back and forth!
it would always amaze me that some things die after a week while some live for 300 years, yet both seem to survive evolution and reproduce.
It be nice if dogs would have a life expectancy of 80 to 100 years
I wish to live long enough to see human create dank memes
I can't stop watching Ted ed
Imagine how long an antarctic glass sponge could live if given proper healthcare.