Sonic Youth - Live in Germany 1996 (Full Show)
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- Опубліковано 27 тра 2024
- All songs written by Sonic Youth | Live at Rockpalast - Dusseldorf, Germany (Apr-07-1996)
00:00 Teenage Riot
07:45 Bull In The Heather
10:38 Starfield Road
13:30 Washing Machine
23:00 Junkie's Promise
27:30 Saucer-Like
31:42 Becuz
38:01 Sugar Kane
46:14 Skip Tracer (additional lyrics by Leah Singer)
50:19 Skink
54:58 The Diamond Sea
That Steve Shelley is one damned solid drummer.
Fo reels doe
Indeed! he is great
Heck yeah. He has some of the best meter of any rock drummer.
la batería Motorik desde donde nació
100% agree.
Another is a line of incredible drummers from the era - Grohl, Matt Cameron, Jimmy Chamberlain, Steve Shelley, Sean Kinney, Danny Carey, Dave Abbruzzese, Janet Weiss, Dave Lovering, Tre Cool, Dan Peters, Lori Barbero and there's others.
What's really cool about them is they're all so singular and very different from one another but with each equally as potent in their specific musical and artistic lane.
I still think the 90's into early 2000's(edit) are underrated in the history. I think most see the the 1960's as the top of the heap, then the 70's, then maybe the 90's or 50's. For me though, I see the 90's as equal to, if not surpassing the 1970's in terms of rock n roll greatness behind only the 60's. I also believe history will in time agree.
Ok yeah, tangent over.
Teenage Riot is one of the songs that could go on forever and it wouldn't get boring.
Meh. The softest Sonic Youth song on the record.
Yeah, that and "Mother Sky" by Can, "Fools Gold" by The Stone Roses, "Maggot Brain" by P-Funk, among others!
@@dragmio Hardcore, are you?
@@dragmio i wish 'Cool Thing' would go on forever
Sure wouldn't...No way could you be bored listening to this....It's like being stuck though, in between, Is this a Chord or yeah it's a note....Those Notes man can getcha before you know it and you've done drove off the cliff...Cliff is long for a C Chord. Oh man....These are dayz...
Kim Gordon is the coolest woman ever!
But she's at the end of his life on this live.
@scott matthews no…, seriously ?! I thought it was drugs…
She's got her own brand of kool.
This totally changes my perception of success in rock music.
@@jimdur5982 But on this live she is weaning drugs.
Kim is the Goddess Freya
In the months just prior to Lee joining the newly forming Sonic Youth(s) I spent several great weeks driving him and Truus de Groot around Holland, playing a special avant garde/experimental music show in all the Jongerencentrtums(youth clubs) around the country, a fantastic memory and loads of fun, Lee was living with us in Neunen (at DiVoe) at the time. Cheers too to Theo v.Eenbergen.Cheers. Hixx Bozon.
Wow! A fantastic memory indeed! Thanks for sharing it! :)
This was part of a festival (Osterrocknacht 1996) with Smashing Pumpkins, Garbage, Afghan Whigs, Cypress Hill and some others. Sonic Youth were the second but last band playing right before the Pumpkins (promoting Mellon Collie) and obviously wanted to kick their asses. And they did! One of the best SY shows I’ve seen.
Yes! I recorded this on VHS back then and watched it countless times! Especially Sonic Youth and the Pumpkins were awesome.
"Bull In The Heather", such a masterpiece
3 year reply from the future: yes.
@@DogInARocket7 month reply from the future, hell yeah!
@@growskull4 hour reply from the future, affirmative.
I Heard that song for the first time in 2023 and it made me a bigger fan. I now own 9 of their 16 studio records
My favourite band in the world. So fortunate that they once existed!
I see why Cobain loved Sonic Youth so much. They were obviously good friends but damn Washing Machine would make a good song to trip to.
Sonic youth pushed for Nirvana to be on sub pop records and the rest is history.
Great show... right at the peak of their abilities...
This should screen in a theater with an awesome sound system. Incredible tunes, tones and film texture!!
at Fuji Rock 2020
Sounds awesome in my living room 🙂
they did that for a david bowie show recently, hopefully it happens to more because its a really cool idea
Shelley is a beast.
AngrierGorilla I mean, he drummed for the Crucifucks before SY, so he's got those Midwest hardcore chops. And he's so unassuming, too...
Best alt/indie drummer ever.
@@ConvincingPeople Thanks for the Info. I never Knew all the time
He's their secret weapon!
Agreed. Although SY is best known for guitars, I've always thought it was Steve's drumming that took them to the next level. He brought just as much creativity to his parts as anyone else in the band, and he was the glue that held everything together. Richard Edson's drumming on their debut EP was also pretty stellar imo, although stylistically very different from Steve.
The greatest band to never make it big. Such powerful live performers. Sad that we'll never get to see them again.
If they'd made it big, they wouldn't have been Sonic Youth.
and The Fall
but theyre so big
I dunno, stone roses could give them a run for their money, but they're only still great cos they didn't make it big yknow?
considering they are an experimental noise rock band i'd say they made it big
I remember watching this on television at my grandparents beeing 16 years old. Had to convince my parents to stay up late since it aired at like 2 am.
Thanks for the upload!
Same here, I was quite the same age and had also some discussion with my parents. At the end we saw it all together. One of the best moments in my life.
@@kostasperperidis100 Damn, ya'll had some nice parents.
Same story for Nirvana on SNL!!
German TV?
@@XylenRoberts yeah (I'm in the US) what TV station would have aired this in the 90s? Just curious myself.
00:00 Teenage Riot
07:45 Bull In The Heather
10:38 Starfield Road
13:30 Washing Machine
23:00 Junkie's Promise
27:30 Saucer-Like
31:42 Becuz
38:01 Sugar Kane
46:14 Skip Tracer (additional lyrics by Leah Singer)
50:19 Skink
54:58 The Diamond Sea.
kreator Destruktor In Hell Thank you kreator, Sir!
36:17 - 38:01 Becuz Coda
THANKS
Gracias Maestro!
I think it's worth commenting that when I watched this video one year ago, I decided I wanted to play guitar.
Keep playing !
I had a similar kind of thing, as soon as i discovered sonic youth and my bloody valentine I instantly decided I needed to play guitar
Gno-Mind - Excellent! Hope you kept it up, there’s a learning curve for sure, but the rewards are worth it. 🙂🎸❤️
A very Good Decision!
@@rainerkornmusic congratulations!
I was born in 1974. It is now 2019. I still watch this and it is even more relevant to me today. Slowly but surely awakening from the depressing devastation that the digital age and social media has wrought on my spirit and on our so-called music of today, I am emboldened knowing that this golden age of sonic dissonance is alive in me and will always be. True art endures. Our PC social media world of today is hollow and superficial, totalitarian in its quest in cloning people into social presets, but this transgressive music and what it represented to my unimpeachable sense of identity will always be with me, as long as I can always hear this glorious music. Thanks for reading, and even more so thank you so much for uploading!
Very well said - I couldn't agree more. Glad you enjoyed it! Thanks for taking the time to write something beyond the typical status quo comments.
Ok, boomer
@@themoles2000 I am from the generation X you ignorant fucking idiot
There are more Sonic Youths out there today then there were back in the 90s, you’re just too lazy to go looking.
I love how the two last songs are each fantastic performances which capture precisely opposite facets of what made this band great: An immaculately controlled, understated version of "Skink" lightly dusted with neat vocal ad-libs (god, that song is underrated) and a twenty-minute version of "The Diamond Sea" which ends with Kim rubbing her bass against Steve's kick drum, Lee playing his guitar with his mic cord, and Thurston doing *something* with an amp head and a bare guitar jack run through through every pedal on his board.
Interesting observation, thanks for sharing!
Skank!
for art students appropriating un-ironed business casual they certainly had potent sexual neurosis
Been in love with Kim since the early 80's ,she is a great artist.
They toured with fIREHOSE (probably for Ragin' Full On) and she was standing right beside me in the audience watching Watt thumping his bass...I swear she had a woody.
Yeah she greatest🖤
@@KravMagoo What do you mean she had a woody? lol
Washing Machine was the first album I ever bought, when I was 14, in 95. I bought it because a friend had the t-shirt. Took it home and was blown away. It was unlike anything ever, and SY have always had a special part in my heart becuz of this.
SO 24 years later I stumbled across this, because my lecturer (I'm now studying graphic design as a mature student) loves them as well. The kids in my class don't understand.
Anyway yes this footage is absolutely amazing quality for the year, and I'm going to play this over and over like that first CD I bought...
It was '94. I was 14. Experimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star. Bought it at a record store in Quincy Market in Boston. Music is the only thing that keeps me from feeling old.
@@paulsavage5057first of all it was the ability to use an array of Adobe products in depth, as well as write HTML and css to create Web sites. The second part is business studies and applying the skills into your own freelancing or company.
@@ianludwig6382 I got a degree in Graphic Design 15 years ago. I have no use for it. Computers take all the fun out of creating something. Thinking of venturing into the world of tattooing, but I'm not getting any younger.
Think I was 24 .. and yes it was my first Sonic Youth album too. . Superb album.. this was my starting point. Junkies Promise really grabbed me
Awesome
1996? This sounds from the future! Ridiculously amazing.
So cute how kim plays her guitar exactly the same as she plays her bass. I love this concert. Washing Machine is such a fucking legendary album.
This version of Sugar Kane is just....damn...can't find any words in any dictionary..gotta feel it...peace out ☯️
"Thurston Moore" still sounds like name of an old-money billionaire's kid who's rebelling against his squaresville parents by playing discordant feedback on his weirdly-tuned Fender Jaguar.
fatte na fameja
Weirdly tuned *Jazzmaster
Youve seen gilligan’s island?
Jazzmaster u mean?
He probably is. I absolutely adore SY but my personal fav on the Fender Jag is Rowland S Howard... that man played his Jaguar like Albert Ayler played his sax.
This "Diamond Sea" is a total face melter, holy shit!
Sonic Youth live was something else. Sad that we'll never get to see them again.
I bought a Guitar Player magazine back in I think 1990, and there was an article on Sonic Youth. That was how I came to know them. Thank you for sharing this beautiful piece of gem.😍
Wouahh... cette version de Sugar Kane, elle déchire!! 96, année où je les écoutais en boucle.. pas une ride. Merci SY!
One of my favorite live bands. Onstage, they were very different than any other concert experience - unpretentious yet artistic and experimental - a bit like Jimi Hendrix but a cohesive band. No star to focus your attention on. After a show, you could hear people saying "wow, that was amazing. So good."
I've seen SY live too. Totally agreed.
And it was never offensively loud, like other bands can be. The feedback was glimmery and beautiful.
January 93-Sydney Uni, Sonic Youth, Mudhoney, Helmet, I was 22 and it was bliss.
sounds like one hell of a show, lucky you.
The way this video was filmed is perfect.
The way Lee Ranaldo and Thurston Moore play guitar it's magical. Steve Shelley a solid drummer and Kim with her charisma...i miss SY!
So glad I was able to see them in my youth!
What a performance! I saw them a few weeks later at Roseland Ballaroom, NYC. 10 years later I would live in the apt building connected to the venue.
had a bootleg cassette of this when i was a teenager... searched for it today after finishing kim's book. great to find it here, brilliant performance!
I love the sinister faces of Kim Gordon with the light towards the end...great filming, great songs, awesome concert....the best televised SY concert ever maybe?
I would agree that, as a whole, it's their best televised concert. Others certainly contain memorable performances as well, but all of the right elements seemed to come together for this one in particular. The majority of their televised gigs were during festival performances which usually featured truncated set-lists that were not necessarily the best representations of the full SY live experience. And considering festival broadcasts are not intended for commercial release and very little forethought is put into their presentation, most of them don't hold a candle to shows that are commissioned by bands to be recorded and edited specifically for commercial release. So for a festival broadcast, this one stands as a welcomed anomaly with its as-perfect-as-live-to-air-gets capture of an uncompromising set-list and performance. Would be great if the band went through their archives and also acquired the rights to some of their best recorded festival performances for a dvd/blu-ray box set, since a lot of what's available to watch on UA-cam is far from optimal quality. I think most SY fans would be much more interested in a release like that than in having Screaming Fields Of Sonic Love reissued on DVD (which probably won't look much better than it did on VHS anyway).
Sinister...I hear you and honour your truth....hope U can do the same for me...no judgement intended....for me she is the expression of all beautify, femininity and childhoods innocence...the Goddess protector...mother's know best and understand the future...Children.
Yeah she is an open book and doesn't hide any aspect of what it is to be a Goddess in an Age where unfortunately so many women and men are Lost due to "male white corporate oppression...what r U going do for me? You did this to us Women....what, r U going to save us? The very ones who objectified and enslaved us???
That's what U r vining on when you say "Sinister".
Imagine that experience from a Goddesses perspective...of course she will say it how it is....not having a go...just my take on her Beauty!
@@dariobisiani3098 Hmm, so are you against modernism and feminism, or for them?
@@APAL880latter wave feminism theories aren’t modern, they are post-modern. Being both pro modernism and pro feminism is a contradiction.
@dariobisiani3098 Calm yourself
Fuck me Skip Tracer is an incredible song
I saw this tour in nyc on acid when I was 17. It changed my life. For the better.
Timeless & ageless band. Excellent sound and video.
So grateful for SY and everyone who helped them.
For sure one of the best and most important bands in rock history. And really every Sonic Youth concert was a blast! Oh I miss them soo much!
This is the best footage I've seen of this showw! This is amazing!
Glad you enjoyed it! :)
sonicboy19 I'm obliged to ya mate for this excellent footage. How can anyone not like Sonic Youth?.
dirtyfacelifttool51 Indeed .. couldn't agree more - cheers!
shooted on film 16mm I guess, so warm so real
@@snap0r4z It was actually recorded on videotape and later rebroadcast in upconverted 720p50...I applied some filters to it and boosted the colors to give it more of a film look, using a very high bit rate to retain the quality. It ended up looking much better than the rebroadcast imo, particularly the lighting. While nothing beats a concert captured on film, it's amazing how close you can get using post-production filters if you have a high quality source to work with. The problem is that well cared for videotaped concert masters that were properly transferred to a digital storage medium before they started to degrade are relatively few and far between, sadly.
Rock solid metronome drummers like Steve Shelley are the best
Great concert...featuring...Steve Shelley...playing for his soul.
in the 90's i was pissed off with anyone that said that the cool bands were all in the past decades they lived.....and i agreed that there were great bands in times past, but they have to open their minds to the bands of our times.......why now i feel like i'm bound to repeat the behaviour of that people and say: - man, why there are no bands like this anymore?
+Bruno Aziz bands like these today just would not be good bands, you got to fresh thngs up in order to make history, there are tons of awesome bands these days,.. Lcd soundsystem, Coutney Barnett, Portugal. the man, are some of my favorites, i think you should check out.. for me lcd is a must in days like these, the lyrics of "all my friends" changed the way i perceived everything : D
+Bruno Aziz stockmanager.bandcamp.com/track/w-e-l-l-kruf-you-leo
Tame Impala, Arcade Fire, Ought, those mentioned above and so many other great ones that I don't feel like listing, but history repeats itself, there are still some amazing bands;)
last year i really got into phantogram and austra, similar but different, i think they are good - nothing wrong with liking bands from the past though
Bruno Aziz the front bottoms is good, modern baseball has some amazing songs, the story so far, trophy eyes, tigers jaw, taking back sunday, a day to remember, grouplove ect ect. too many great bands
Why do I always discover brilliant bands 20 years too late!!!????
I have been so humbled and embarrassed that I was so narrow minded when I was young... there were so many great bands I let pass by because they serenity thing. Sonic youth,the police, the replacements, and the list goes on. My musical tastes are so much broader and I'm not such a judgmental jerk.
What the he'll was I typing? Damned auto correct..
doesn't matter just keep it up !
At least you made it...
Same
I remember, as a very young high school kid, going to see Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys speak on Northwestern University’s campus in 1986, and at one point he was kinda making fun of the big bunch of new up-and-coming bands he said all had boring, unoriginal names… names like Angry Youth, and Rebel Youth, and - yes, indeed - Sonic Youth! and I suppose the reason their name stuck in my mind above the others was: around two or three years later, still in high school, I read (on paper, at a public library) a _Village Voice_ review of the most promising, exciting new albums or ascending bands of that year… and Sonic Youth had been mentioned! (Shonen Knife also got a big nod, and the Butthole Surfers’ _Hairway to Steven_ received heavy praise), so I made sure to check them out after all, and was duly impressed… and now here we are, over three decades later, reliving the ‘90s over UA-cam as one of the best decades for music ever! It’s just… wild, is all. So much, in just a few, short decades…
I've no words for how good this is
Teenage riot. A 2051 song, recorded in 1988.
Ever since I found this performance. I have watched/listened to it probably once a week. I learned about this maybe 3 years ago. I absolutely love SY.
I saw them on the US leg of the tour before this one in New Orleans (Experimental, Jet Set, Thrash and No Star tour). They had to stop playing at one point because this girl had climbed up to an overhanging part of the wall, way above the crowd. The police stopped them to tell her climb down and she refused for what seemed like 15 minutes. Of course the crowd broke into the "jump, jump, jump" thing. She eventually climbed back down getting huge boo's from the crowd for stopping the music. It was one of the clubs in the Warehouse district and that's just what it once had been and there were exposed pipes and crap all around. Thurston also had to stop at another point to get the people in the front to stop moshing as someone got hurt bad. I remember him saying "don't you guys remember the pogo! Just stay in your spot and bounce!!" And that's what everyone did the rest of the night. Awesome show. They did everything off of "Experimental, Jet Set, Thrash and No Star" plus several others. I've seen a lot of bands, even Nirvana on the In Utero tour, but this one definitely one of the best shows from my youth. Sonic Youth that is.
#SonicYouthRules
too bad that attentionseeker didn't jump then
A small quibble: it's actually 'Experimental Jet Set, TRASH and No Star', based on the respective group members' nicknames for each other: Thurston = Experimental, Kim = Jet Set, Lee = Trash, & Steve = No Star
Super cool this live gig!!! This is also the time that I discovered Sonic Youth, 1996. First I bought 'Dirty' and later I bought 'Washing Machine'. I was hooked from that moment on!
This whole sound is the predecessor to all modern grunge, and even new bands today (commenting in 2019 ) . I listened to this band , while renting a practice facility in the 90's for 100 usd a month. I would lock myself in to practice and learn percussion for 2 days because of day job.. this band I would listen to late Saturday night and I get it.. in all forms, from musicians stand point and everything religious, political, and anti- fame … 2 guitar players never play the same thing ..so its so anti- 1990 ass-rock in the usa ! . Its just pleasant and inspiring to see real players without a ear-mic system ...ripping it up !!!!!
Sonic Youth is in the pool of my favorite bands, along with Nirvana and others...however, Schizophrenia was the first song I heard, then the whole Sister record - and I was totally blown away! As I heard the record Washing Machine - - it was magical. Both records are still my personal favorites and I think those two records are their best work! Evol and Goo are also amazing.
The gig is really awesome! I was totally surprised that they played Washing Machine live - pure awesomeness! AndJunkie’s Promise blew my mind. Finally came the song I waited for: Because...On of my absolut favorites and I never heard it live, yet. But I got goosebumps, because of the intensity and amazement. Just a bliss.
I wished I could’ve have seen them live in concert. Or like being Live at Reading when Nirvana played there. At least we can hear and even watch it. But being there would have been priceless, right? Great concert!
Not that it is important, but I read that they didn’t do any drugs to push themselves. A rare exception in the history of rock music ... I mean, look at Led Zeppelin for instance. Or Nirvana or BJM.
Wow, this takes me back. I saw them live in Glasgow a week after this concert. The setlist was:
Skink
(I Got A) Catholic Block
Washing Machine
Junkie's Promise
Saucer-Like
Becuz
Sugar Kane
Skip Tracer
Bull In The Heather
Starfield Road
Bone
The Diamond Sea
Unwind
Panty Lies
100%
Lee just invented the term " Talking Blues".....credits!! Gotta love Lee's touch
So glad I got to see them at Cabaret Metro in Chicago in 1993. The loudest show ever at that venue. Kim was AWESOME. Love her delivery and stage presence.
It's crazy how I was literally a fetus when this show was being performed.
This band it's so fucking cool.
Fan Onírica I was 14 and it's shocking that I didn't get into them till I was in my late teens-I was already into a lot of ace bands but sonic youth were never on my radar till I was about 18-I'm now 33 and in love with them more than ever 😁
I was six years out of college, but Sonic Youth escaped my notice for another 6-7 years. :(
Fan Onírica I saw this show, same year, but in Ghent. Still the best concert I ever experienced, with Shellac in the Corso Leuven at second place. SY was extatic. I had eyes spread so wide open for hours on end afterwards, everyone I met thought I was a maniac high on a handful of e's, whilest I only had the beer or three and a Bear's Paw. Changed my life, honest to God with a capital G. Exposed to the Youth, Bullseye for sure! 19 and amazed, electrified, stoned by soundwave after soundwave. Hulde. And stop.
I saw them this year, but in the states. You would have loved it. They can be self indulgent at times, but it amounts to brilliance.
Elmo Blatch How? They've been broken up for 7 or 8 years. I'm confused.
Need to see Sonic Youth live one day if they ever play together again! Saw Thurston Moore live the other year on his solo tour and it rocked!
Perfect angsty COVID-19 listening.
They were on this night. Man, when they come together it’s breathtaking
The end of Skip Tracer is amazing. So tight.
this is the yoot I miss the most. transcendental. I am still in denial. thurston, if you're reading this- get yr shit together & do the right thing.
Me encanta! esta banda es lo mejor!
I watched them in 1998 in a festival in Benicassim, Spain, amazing experience
One of the few bands that were for a time " The Best Band In The World " Absolutely Amazing !
Oh boy, as Holly exclaimed regularly, these four lit it up for almost 4 decades!? This must be one of their finest. Saw them 6 times, but wish I was there for this. Fantastic lighting, sound and composition. Very clean and raw.
Absolutely mesmerising... I love Sonic Youth
I have this concert on a CD - 'Junkie's promise' - love it...
Lee Renaldo's songs made them so amazing...
Holy shit! Saucer-like is awsome live!!! Powerful and dynamic... I love Lee!!!
Starfield Road was on FIRE, Jesus. They were really at the top of their game here!
Wow, I didn't know that I'm a fan of Sonic Youth, but this concert is really awesome. I'm addicted to alternative music and I couldn't get enough of MTV's "120 Minutes" with all these great bands like Smashing Pumpkins, Screaming Trees, Alice in Chains, etc.
Big thanks for tis post, the quality of the video and audio is incredible! Don't forget, this stuff is 24(?) years old :-) Love it
Try "The Lonesome Crowded West" by Modest Mouse, "Perfect from now on" by Built to Spill, and "Raise Your Skinny Fists Like Antennas to Heaven" by Godspeed You! Black Emperor.
17:52 Epic moment
thank you for sharing this extraordinary footage
AMAZING QUALITY, THNX FOR THE UPLOAD!
so glad someone uploaded this in this format
Fantastic! Thanks for uploading this. Skip Tracer is incredible.
THANK YOU, SONIC BOY. Was waiting for this whole gig for a while. =)
Top gig. Thanks for uploading.
Influenced by what went before, for sure, but doubly influential in return. Great band.
such is all music
Just imagine if Jimi hendrix could have vibed with sonic Youth. Man what a thought.
thats so lame. hendrix was the worst
Gracias por subir este video épico, epico epico epico
In a thousand years, and then some... sonic Youth will be.... utterly forgotten.
I grew up listening to this band on a mono receiver, and come to find out the proper full stereo way is twice as good. You know what I mean 😎
Steve Shelley's a fucking wicked drummer, innit?
Amazing show. Those drums... wow.
Love this gig! I had it in cassette from a KTS bootleg called “Junkie’s Promise” and thanks to you i watched it! Regards from Chile!
Any Sonic Youth show or song provides inspiration for days.
This register is part of the History of Music, for sure.
Amazed. Thanks for this. I appreciate this a lot. :)
THANK YOU!
в те бы годы,да на их концерт!..очень круто!
Could you imagine being the sound guy and realizing his mic isn't on when he starts singing.
Crispy sound, thanks for uploadng!
Awesome, thanks for uploading :)
Thanks a lot!!!
great quality - great concert. I remember being in Vienna 4.4.1996 at their show. Amazing how fast they travel :)
beautiful, thank You.
I forget just how much "Junkie's Promise" rawks
this is everything i've ever wanted a band to do ...
The magicians of harmonic sonic distortion!
saw them in PARIS at the ZENITH in March of that Year!!! so awesome!!! oh Beck and Stereolab were there too!!!! Good times!!!!
My entire youth flies over those notes.
Hi, there! Greets from Rio, Brazil!! Wonderful show!!! Fantastic footage! Wonderful time for the band!! Fucking Epic!!!!!!!!!