Exploring Word Chains

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  • Опубліковано 21 лис 2024
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    The word chains game is a simple game played in Kindergarten, but the analysis is surprisingly complex involving graphs and network theory. You can make your own word chain graphs with the source code here: github.com/Hac...
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КОМЕНТАРІ • 1,2 тис.

  • @97P96
    @97P96 2 місяці тому +2697

    Now combine the graphs with a rule of adding or removing a letter is also allowed, instead of swapping. Maybe there will be less islands then

    • @PunmasterSTP
      @PunmasterSTP 2 місяці тому +303

      I was expecting him to do that near the end of the video! I'd definitely be interested to see a follow-up where letters could be added or removed as well, and I bet there'd be some interesting structure based on where you could or couldn't remove letters from...

    • @zepht
      @zepht 2 місяці тому +38

      it would be so cool to see this, exactly what i was thinking

    • @oEQjet
      @oEQjet 2 місяці тому +49

      I thought so as well, seems an obvious place to go, though the challenge here would be that it massively increases the number of nodes and edges, so even displaying such a graph might not be all that informative. It may even just blob the whole thing together.

    • @Willwantstobeawesome
      @Willwantstobeawesome 2 місяці тому +60

      I think that would have a lot of paths shrinking down (even to one letter words) and then expanding back up

    • @telotawa
      @telotawa 2 місяці тому +7

      was going to reply exactly this

  • @nyuh
    @nyuh 2 місяці тому +620

    5:51 "care" being the most connected word is so poetic

    • @Sunvy101
      @Sunvy101 2 місяці тому +21

      And yeah...
      Care/Love is what connects everyone & everything.

    • @ClementinesmWTF
      @ClementinesmWTF 2 місяці тому +13

      @@Sunvy101evidently, being mad does the same thing. Not so poetic, just a coincidence

    • @SolunaStarlight
      @SolunaStarlight 2 місяці тому +5

      ​@@ClementinesmWTFActually I think it is poetic, especially in our current climate of rage baiting and everything esle, getting people to connect by being angry at something/some group or something. They're like... two sides of the same coin, in a sense. And that symmetry is fascinating

    • @anguscos4506
      @anguscos4506 Місяць тому +2

      omg it's the fellow emmett eon enjoyer!

    • @snaifhassnan6348
      @snaifhassnan6348 29 днів тому +1

      473

  • @carykh
    @carykh 2 місяці тому +739

    7:15 I was so curious what the large 2nd island was gonna be - it makes sense that it's all the -ING words, since it's easy to go from XXXing to YYYing, but not any non-ing words!

    • @Firefly256
      @Firefly256 2 місяці тому +21

      Woah Cary is here!

    • @Hotsilog_Gaming
      @Hotsilog_Gaming 2 місяці тому +12

      Hello Cary one of the creators of bfdi and the creator of "scale of the universe"

    • @mackycabangon8945
      @mackycabangon8945 2 місяці тому +14

      Not surprised to see you are into data visualization Cary

    • @asheep7797
      @asheep7797 2 місяці тому +1

      Drary kh

    • @heichan8657
      @heichan8657 2 місяці тому +5

      woah wild cary caught

  • @MooImABunny
    @MooImABunny 2 місяці тому +664

    5:35 funny that isle is within one of the islands.
    The word isle had the s put in for actual historical reasons, but later they added an s to island because they thought it was related to isle. It wasn't.

    • @notwithouttext
      @notwithouttext 2 місяці тому +23

      same with aisle

    • @DragonTheOneDZA
      @DragonTheOneDZA 2 місяці тому +21

      Wait isle doesn't have to do with islands?

    • @soewithanumber
      @soewithanumber 2 місяці тому +10

      i thought island was spelled that way because there is-land

    • @notwithouttext
      @notwithouttext 2 місяці тому +81

      @@DragonTheOneDZA isle comes from french "ile", previously "isle", which comes from latin "insula", where we get "peninsula" (nearly an isle), "isolate" (to separate off like an isle), and "insulate" (also to separate off like an isle).
      island, on the other hand, comes from "yland", from old english "iegland". "ieg" is distantly related to "aqua", which is latin for water.

    • @comradecameron3726
      @comradecameron3726 2 місяці тому

      I dont remember that being accurate.
      As I recall some 400 or whatever years ago poets and scholars started adding letters that had fallen out of words over time back in for the hell of it.
      .
      I think we should overhaul english spelling. Seriously. I'd be willing to put time into this.
      .
      Just like what Teddy Roosevelt did back in the day. He is why we have "Jail" Instead of "Gaol"
      .
      Excise all silent letters and standardize at least in part the sounds of the alphabet.

  • @notwithouttext
    @notwithouttext 2 місяці тому +295

    1:40 of these words, the ones i know are:
    aa - some type of lava
    qi - chinese natural force or something
    xu - a vietnamese currency
    cwm - cirque (in welsh)
    brrr - onomatopoeia for shivering
    zzzs - multiple zzz sounds, onomatopoeia for sleep
    crwth - some instrument (also from welsh)
    yclad - clothed, clad
    miaou - french spelling of "meow"

    • @pengil3
      @pengil3 2 місяці тому +52

      Of course the french spell it miaouxeuxe

    • @dfw-k6z
      @dfw-k6z 2 місяці тому +39

      And Qibla is the direction to the Kaaba - the direction in which muslims pray.

    • @pyra9345
      @pyra9345 2 місяці тому +8

      ​@@pengil3actually in french, with the french accent, miaou is exactly how it should be spelled. french is a different language. meow. you go m, you go i, which in french sounds like e does in english, you go a, which is like the beginning of ow, and you go ou, which is like the end of ow. the only change you could make is turning ou into w, but w isn't a vowel is it?

    • @Friendly-Neighborhood-Asexual
      @Friendly-Neighborhood-Asexual 2 місяці тому

      The ones you missed were:
      KY: Kentucky abbreviation
      Vly: some kind of swamp or marsh (Dutch origins)
      Ziz: apparently it doesn't have an official definition in Scrabble from what I can find
      Pht: also no Scrabble definition
      Euoi: another word for evoe, which is an archaic exclamation of Bacchic frenzy
      Hwyl: emotional fervor, as in the recitation of poetry
      Qibla: direction of the Kaaba

    • @benonaru
      @benonaru 2 місяці тому

      shut up kid

  • @IcelyPuzzles
    @IcelyPuzzles 2 місяці тому +385

    this concept of word manipulation has interested me for a while and if anyone is looking for more stuff like this, there's an online game called Wordward Draw about changing a 4-letter word letter by letter (and also the steam game Lingo which is a rule discovery word puzzle game with a large amount of 'word changing' functions).
    one of the chain types that I want to see, and I don't know if anyone's ever done, is doing this but with synonyms or antonyms, like what's the farthest (fair) seeming synonym or antonym chain? one interesting puzzle like this I wrote was 'RAISE -> FOLD -> DECREASE -> RAISE' which I think is an incredible antonym cycle (using a different pair of meanings for each one in the cycle). also I just want to say I really appreciate the visualization in this video :)

    • @fifablockly9752
      @fifablockly9752 2 місяці тому +41

      CBA

    • @lbqg637
      @lbqg637 2 місяці тому +31

      hello chess battle advanced

    • @darkshoxx
      @darkshoxx 2 місяці тому +25

      Do I even have to say it...?
      CHESS->BATTLE->ADVANCED
      On a more serious note, I remember these "Word ladders" both from an old game I had on CD and a puzzle book my parents had. Wonder where that ended up...

    • @CodeParade
      @CodeParade  2 місяці тому +93

      Thanks! Yeah it's hard to find any good antonym or synonym datasets, most of them really stretch the definition to include too many things, it's very subjective what should count.

    • @geeteevee7667
      @geeteevee7667 2 місяці тому +6

      hello mr. cba

  • @simple385
    @simple385 2 місяці тому +232

    for 100% completeness the 1 letter words are all connected [ I and A]
    they are both the start and end of the largest diameter ( I -> A or A ->I ) and they tie in largest degree at 1

    • @AllenKnutson
      @AllenKnutson 2 місяці тому +46

      The graph of 0 letter words, by contrast, is not connected.
      Nor is it disconnected!
      If you want every graph to be uniquely the disjoint union of connected subgraphs, you'd better decide that the empty graph is not connected. Much like 1 is neither prime nor composite.

    • @CatLoverNightshade
      @CatLoverNightshade 2 місяці тому +10

      The simulation of -1 letter words, to compare, is _imaginarily_ connected!
      It contains imaginary words that you can make by keyboard smashing, and however letters apart it is from a real word is its negative count.
      Permutations are about to get interesting.

    • @CatLoverNightshade
      @CatLoverNightshade 2 місяці тому +3

      @@AllenKnutson​​⁠​⁠This is like the 0th dimension, where it is everything and nothing at the same time, containing itself but nonexistent. It toys with the idea of 0/0, which you could prove is indeterminate, meaning all real numbers!
      Everything is amazingly analogous to our universe and the idea of 1 in infinity, which is also infinite infinitesimal numbers in 1.
      Something can be infinity and 0 all at once.

    • @aformofmatter8913
      @aformofmatter8913 2 місяці тому +2

      O is also a 1 letter word
      But by definition, every 1 letter word is connected to every other because they're all 1 letter apart, no matter how many there are

    • @tilkilit
      @tilkilit Місяць тому +1

      What is the longest chain for 1 letter words? And are there any isolated ones?

  • @ebrdsht
    @ebrdsht 2 місяці тому +509

    imagine coming home from school and telling your dad about a game you learned only for him to get just as, if not more, into it than you are. its so so so sweet

    • @SimoneBellomonte
      @SimoneBellomonte 2 місяці тому +1

      Pfp (Profile Picture) and / or Banner Sauce (Source [Artist])? 🗿

    • @HemlockTheRat
      @HemlockTheRat 2 місяці тому

      @@SimoneBellomontebroooo 💀💀💀💀💀

    • @SimoneBellomonte
      @SimoneBellomonte 2 місяці тому

      @@HemlockTheRat 🤌🤌🤌

    • @lailoutherand
      @lailoutherand 2 місяці тому +1

      ​@@SimoneBellomontewth

    • @palmossi
      @palmossi 2 місяці тому

      @@HemlockTheRatwdym?

  • @anguscos4506
    @anguscos4506 2 місяці тому +719

    your son has the coolest dad

  • @jblen
    @jblen 2 місяці тому +16

    It's so nice your sons curiosity influenced this project. The fact he wanted to challenge himself with harder words is a good sign for his future, and tackling the problem rather than just going 'it's too complex' is setting a great example. I still don't know if I want to be a parent at all but this is the kind of parent I want to be.

  • @sawarinyan
    @sawarinyan 2 місяці тому +315

    1:32 Miaou is how we do the cats noises in French! The Meow equivalent!

    • @4rumani
      @4rumani 2 місяці тому +32

      ok why is that in an English language dictionary

    • @kijete
      @kijete 2 місяці тому +39

      ​@@4rumani for funsies

    • @LeReubzRic
      @LeReubzRic 2 місяці тому +12

      We do Miaow or Meow in the UK

    • @minirop
      @minirop 2 місяці тому +16

      @@4rumani Harper Collins Scrabble dictionary has many words of many languages (scots, hindu, arabic, etc) because "UK/worldwide" whilst the merriam webster has (almost) none of them. Will Anderson made a video titled "Why Is The Scrabble Dictionary SO WEIRD?"

    • @4rumani
      @4rumani 2 місяці тому

      @@minirop autism

  • @DrakiniteOfficial
    @DrakiniteOfficial 2 місяці тому +82

    Wow, it's so great that you were able to get your son interested in network theory by nerding out about a game he learned!
    By the way, nice touch adding emoji each time you read out a word. Helps out when it's a word that not everyone might remember.

  • @cobaltbluesky2276
    @cobaltbluesky2276 2 місяці тому +120

    idk if this is adressed later but the one at 0:48 you can go aim -> arm -> are -> age

    • @TrackpadProductions
      @TrackpadProductions 2 місяці тому +6

      Or AIM - ATM - ATE - AGE, that's the one I got

    • @cobaltbluesky2276
      @cobaltbluesky2276 2 місяці тому +44

      @@TrackpadProductions i think ATM being an abbreviation wouldn't really count as a word

    • @stickguy9109
      @stickguy9109 2 місяці тому +3

      So this isn't necessarily finding the shortest path

    • @Riverperson_4
      @Riverperson_4 2 місяці тому +4

      huh, i went aim-ail-all-ale-age

    • @Spoomguy
      @Spoomguy 2 місяці тому +4

      Ahhhhhhhhhhh, I went Aim -> Alm -> Ale -> Age

  • @SpencerTwiddy
    @SpencerTwiddy 2 місяці тому +36

    This almost felt like a carykh video. I enjoyed watching!

    • @gavinarad2288
      @gavinarad2288 2 місяці тому +3

      That’s funny, because Cary actually commented on this!

    • @SpencerTwiddy
      @SpencerTwiddy 2 місяці тому

      @@gavinarad2288 whoa, he got my bat signal lol

  • @tird_boi4206
    @tird_boi4206 2 місяці тому +37

    I actually had this idea as a kid. A few months ago, I wrote a script that found the shortest chain between any 2 words. In all 49,995,000 combinations of the 10,000 most common English words, the longest shortest chain I found was 26 long (actually, there was a many-way tie): having -> saving -> saying -> staying -> stating -> seating -> eating -> mating -> making -> baking -> biking -> hiking -> hiring -> firing -> fixing -> mixing -> mining -> dining -> diving -> living -> loving -> losing -> posing -> posting -> postings. Looking at it now, it's a bit strange that they're all 6-7 letter words. Maybe there was a mistake in my code, or the solution happens to be this way.

    • @veldrovive9442
      @veldrovive9442 2 місяці тому

      I tried it out with the dataset CodeParade used and got a 46 chain: hammerings -> hammering -> hampering -> pampering -> papering -> capering -> catering -> cantering -> bantering -> battering -> bettering -> fettering -> festering -> pestering -> petering -> peering -> peeing -> seeing -> sewing -> swing -> sing -> sine -> mine -> mire -> mere -> metre -> metred -> metered -> petered -> pestered -> festered -> fettered -> bettered -> battered -> bantered -> cantered -> catered -> capered -> papered -> pampered -> hampered -> hammered -> yammered. Interesting that the longest chain always seems to start or end with an "-ing".

    • @lacavernedug33k
      @lacavernedug33k 2 місяці тому +1

      So you did have it so that you can also remove or add letters, right? Then the rules are a little different I guess.
      Also he did find a chain that is 29 letters long with only 5 letters words and his stricter rules (at 6:27) so either you had less words, or your code really didn't find the longest connection !

    • @tird_boi4206
      @tird_boi4206 2 місяці тому +1

      @@lacavernedug33k Yeah, it could add or remove letters. He found a 29-long chain because he was looking for the longest chain in general, while I was trying to find the largest chain in the set of all shortest chains between all permutations of the 10,000 most common words.

  • @PianoMastR64
    @PianoMastR64 2 місяці тому +89

    When I was like 12, I tried to start an email chain that was exactly this except I allowed you to add or remove letters. They still had to be real words. The chain never took off, but I still loved the idea

    • @Swagpion
      @Swagpion 2 місяці тому +2

      I played a mobile game like that.

  • @AsiccAP
    @AsiccAP 2 місяці тому +492

    CBT is definitely not a word but i feel like ive heard of it before
    Edit: Dang, no way I got more likes than carykh and icely puzzles. Go like their comments, their comments are way more relevant to the video lmao, and icely proposes an alternate ruleset for the game. Also watch their videos, cary makes cool videos and projects, and icely does puzzles (duh).

    • @applejuice74
      @applejuice74 2 місяці тому +111

      Cognitive behaviural therapy maybe? I spelled it wrong, but something like that

    • @lucabluewaterfall
      @lucabluewaterfall 2 місяці тому +43

      Maybe cognitive behavioural therapy?

    • @wade-potato6200
      @wade-potato6200 2 місяці тому

      Nah he’s talking about cock and ball torture

    • @cinnis5670
      @cinnis5670 2 місяці тому

      Cock and Ball Torture

    • @marvinkaaelarsen5306
      @marvinkaaelarsen5306 2 місяці тому +2

      Cock and Ball Torture👍

  • @nathanael.higgerson
    @nathanael.higgerson 2 місяці тому +192

    0:21 CBT is real, I do it every day 😤

    • @htspencer9084
      @htspencer9084 2 місяці тому +34

      Hopefully the therapy kind and not the torture kind!

    • @TheRabbitPoet
      @TheRabbitPoet 2 місяці тому +32

      ​@@htspencer9084if that's what they're into, who are we to judge

    • @vytah
      @vytah 2 місяці тому +20

      from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    • @dannypipewrench533
      @dannypipewrench533 2 місяці тому +5

      I knew that somebody was going to leave this comment.

    • @northernsines
      @northernsines 2 місяці тому

      I can help with that

  • @Ryco117
    @Ryco117 2 місяці тому +13

    Fun coincidence that the connection power of "care" is so strong ❤

  • @zer0mar322
    @zer0mar322 2 місяці тому +26

    1:35 "Qibla" popped out to me among all the other jumbled letters, as it is an English transliteration of an Arabic word that's very important in the context of Islam. The qibla is the direction Muslims must pray in on a daily basis. When speaking in English, qibla is rarely translated, because there isn't exactly a singular word in English it accurately translates to. Therefore, it is written out very often in English. I guess you could call it a loanword?

  • @UltraMC3
    @UltraMC3 2 місяці тому +10

    There's a game called Word Evolver and it takes this concept and expands upon it by adding the insertion of characters and removal of characters.
    So the three operations are:
    Cat -> Cot (Change)
    Fame -> Frame (Insertion)
    Post -> Pot (Removal)
    The game seems to only contain any word with 7 or less letters.

    • @Alexander-v-w
      @Alexander-v-w 2 місяці тому

      not really 7 letters or less, but any word in the network, because i can type clapping/slapping and it will accept it

    • @aidenton6490
      @aidenton6490 Місяць тому

      Game
      Same
      Sane
      Bane
      Bare
      Bard
      Ward
      Word

  • @sandrin0
    @sandrin0 2 місяці тому +7

    this reminds me of the phenomenon of psycholinguistic activation
    when processing a word, other words that are either semantically or phonologically related will become more cognitively 'prominent', with the phenomenon usually being described as forming a web-like shape (I'm not super familiar with graphs or graph theory so I don't know if this is how it's modelled in the literature, but I don't think that these sort of chains are what's usually looked at in experiments, I could be wrong of course though)
    a word like 'cat' will activate words in its phonological web that have a similar initial (the sound at the beginning) like core or curl, words with a similar nucleus (usually a vowel) like zap or had, words with a similar coda (the sound at the end) like pot or rut, with words that fulfil several of these being activated more strongly like bat or sat (nucleus and coda), and cap or cab (initial and nucleus), this aspect of a word is referred to as its 'form'
    in the semantic web, 'cat' will activate words that are similar to its referent (ie a four legged, relatively small, furry animal with a tail, whiskers, prominent ears, often kept as house pets, etc) like dog (lots of similar characteristics), lizard (four legs, kept as pets), fox (also similar, usually not pets though), bird (kept as pets, preyed on by cats), mouse/rat (same deal as birds), this aspect of a word is referred to as its sense
    experimental evidence, iirc, suggests that 'prominence' generally results in, among other things, being able to access words faster when prompted. someone for who a word that has been 'primed' (is prominent/activated) will for instance, if presented with a grid of four pictures (lets say one of a phone, a cup, a pencil, and a sandwich) with one of the pictures being of the primed word (the cup in this example), when prompted to, pick the image of the prime (the cup) measurably and consistently faster than someone who hadn't had 'cup' primed for them in any way

  • @seod1353
    @seod1353 2 місяці тому +6

    this is going to be a BANGER youtube reccomendation in 7-12 years

  • @mikeraphone7868
    @mikeraphone7868 2 місяці тому +4

    This guy is a legend for making the engine for 4D Golf an open source plugin for Unity WITH THOROUGH DOCUMENTATION. I love indie devs

  • @brunnomenxa
    @brunnomenxa 2 місяці тому +2

    3:00 Thank you so much. I've been looking for something like this for months with zero results.

  • @donotdew
    @donotdew 2 місяці тому +175

    0:22 oh trust me CBT is *definitely* a word

    • @Mukuta_Pavlov
      @Mukuta_Pavlov 2 місяці тому +11

      NO!!!!

    • @Bulba413
      @Bulba413 2 місяці тому +39

      it actually has more than one meaning! cognitive behavioral therapy and. you know

    • @donotdew
      @donotdew 2 місяці тому +21

      @@Bulba413 yes i meant cognitive behavioral therapy. does it have another meaning or something

    • @EggBastion
      @EggBastion 2 місяці тому

      yeah it means broken
      don't it?

    • @yeetus5763
      @yeetus5763 2 місяці тому +18

      @@Bulba413closed beta testing?

  • @kenarnarayaka
    @kenarnarayaka 2 місяці тому +24

    1:40 idk about the other ones, but qibla is the transliteration of an Arabic word which is used a lot by Muslims

    • @PorterStatsTheSecond
      @PorterStatsTheSecond 2 місяці тому +3

      I know one too. Cwm is Welsh for valley. I see it a lot around town names and village names. However, I doubt that is the reason it is on there.

    • @CauliflowermuncherNo5634
      @CauliflowermuncherNo5634 2 місяці тому

      Miaou is very similar to the German spelling for meow, so I'm just gonna assume some language adds the O

  • @maddymakesgames
    @maddymakesgames 2 місяці тому +3

    This is actually a problem we did in my graph theory course! Its a really fun thing to play around with and learn about graphs and networking.

  • @louisreinitz5642
    @louisreinitz5642 2 місяці тому +8

    We played the game with the added rule, you may add a letter to the beginning or end then you can jump up or down in word size

  • @neologicalgamer3437
    @neologicalgamer3437 Місяць тому +2

    Fin -> fie -> tie -> toe -> toy -> try -> iry -> ire -> are -> age

  • @ori5315
    @ori5315 2 місяці тому +4

    The solution I came up with for fin > age was fin > fir > air > aim > arm > are > age

  • @oblivion5683
    @oblivion5683 2 місяці тому +8

    1:37 lol im sure you didn't know but the inclusion of qibla on the absurd word list is probably gonna get a frown out of a few people

  • @GuyPerson-jt9tv
    @GuyPerson-jt9tv 2 місяці тому +19

    Your son in kindergarten is learning about graphs, which I only learned about a couple of years ago in a college computer science class. 😮

  • @DaymusikGaming
    @DaymusikGaming Місяць тому +1

    Interesting, interesting... as a musician and a songwriter, I think you've just shown me a helpful little cheatsheet for writing lyrics. Thank you!

  • @Nzargnalphabet
    @Nzargnalphabet 2 місяці тому +46

    the most fun thing about my name is it actually hails from a 3 generation word chain, my grandpa is Don, my dad is Dan, and I am Ian, I've long pondered on what to name my kid if I wanted to continue that

    • @IonRoux
      @IonRoux 2 місяці тому +10

      Tan - short for tanner.

    • @lailoutherand
      @lailoutherand 2 місяці тому

      Inn 💀😭

    • @heckYEAHman.
      @heckYEAHman. 2 місяці тому +12

      Name your child Man for the Man -> Max -> Jax -> Jay -> Ray -> Roy -> Ron -> Don setup down the line

    • @я_не_говорю_по-русски
      @я_не_говорю_по-русски 2 місяці тому

      Jan for a girl and Van for a boy. If a girl, she can name her child jax

    • @Monkeymario.
      @Monkeymario. Місяць тому +3

      @@heckYEAHman.Grandpa git mad >:(

  • @forest-goddess
    @forest-goddess Місяць тому +1

    i really like the way care is so interconnected. it's kinda poetic.

  • @ImSable
    @ImSable 26 днів тому +7

    0:20 there's an argument to be made here i think

  • @jamesdadabo
    @jamesdadabo 2 місяці тому +1

    I made a game with this concept called Lettermorph, and all of the levels were hand-coded. It’s interesting to see how this could be used to generate levels by selecting two nodes within an island. Cool video!

  • @sebastianfries274
    @sebastianfries274 Місяць тому +4

    0:45 AGM (Air to Ground Missile) works if you count abbreviations.

    • @Qllz783
      @Qllz783 Місяць тому

      Arm,are,age

    • @sebastianfries274
      @sebastianfries274 Місяць тому

      @@Qllz783 I was thinking just swap the M for an E

    • @tainted2141
      @tainted2141 Місяць тому

      I was thing aim-ail-all-ale-age

  • @ehmaree
    @ehmaree 2 місяці тому +2

    0:48 Fin -> Pin -> Pie -> Pre -> Are -> Age immediately came to mind. It depends on if you count Pre as a word

  • @ZerglordGhi
    @ZerglordGhi 2 місяці тому +6

    Fin -> Sin -> Sim -> Aim -> Ale -> Age
    Solved the hard one!

  • @ltkdt
    @ltkdt 2 місяці тому +1

    I didn't expect a programming solution when I see the title. As a coder myself I enjoyed the video very much

  • @pleappleappleap
    @pleappleappleap 2 місяці тому +12

    Both "brrr" and "qibla" are words I've actually used in life. As is "aa". Well, it's actually "a'a". So is "qi", now that I think about it. It's the "life force " thing from Chinese culture. "brrr" is an onomatopoeia. I didn't have to look up any of these.

  • @cnc-enthusiast
    @cnc-enthusiast 2 місяці тому +1

    I was stoke to see this small idea being so fruitful... and then you end the video with telling me you open sourced your 4D golf engine with documentation. Mad respect

  • @Neoh53
    @Neoh53 2 місяці тому +3

    1:37 Because english is mostly based on French (British Royalty spoke french), you can find some french word. Here "Miaou" is actually Mew (the cat noise) in french

  • @KaiTheCyberCat
    @KaiTheCyberCat 2 місяці тому +2

    I've encountered a similar puzzle where you have to add a letter instead of changing one, starting with one letter. For example
    i
    in
    sin
    sing
    sting
    string
    staring
    starring
    You can add the new letter anywhere in the previous word, as long as it stays a real word, ofc.

  • @in_sa_ne
    @in_sa_ne 2 місяці тому +44

    1:34 Qibla is an Arabic word (also in English): the direction of the Kaaba (the sacred building at Mecca), to which Muslims turn at prayer.

    • @isaaclowe5000
      @isaaclowe5000 2 місяці тому +2

      It's not even an english word, so i was confused as to why it's in the data set. It's a transliteration for pronunciation. It's just using english letters to pronounce an arabic word

    • @k.k.9378
      @k.k.9378 2 місяці тому

      English tends to build its dictionaries on the principle that if people are talking about doing taekwondo, then taekwondo is an English word now.

    • @in_sa_ne
      @in_sa_ne 2 місяці тому

      @@isaaclowe5000 Usually, when some words are being used regularly in a language/country, it gets integrated into the language. Most languages have a large number of foreign words. You think this is not an English word, so it shouldn't be considered english, but we are using thousands of words thinking they are english. French and Latin words make up 58 % of modern English vocabulary today. On their own, purely French words make up 29% of English.

    • @in_sa_ne
      @in_sa_ne 2 місяці тому

      @@k.k.9378 That is true for every language.

    • @k.k.9378
      @k.k.9378 2 місяці тому +1

      @@in_sa_ne Not for the likes of standard French and Icelandic, which much prefer to coin a compound. You can debate whether anyone actually *speaks* the standard version, but they are what the dictionaries represent.

  • @DanielLCarrier
    @DanielLCarrier 2 місяці тому +2

    Reminds me of the game Counterfeit Monkey. It's a text adventure where you start out with a device that can remove all of one letter from a word. Like you can remove the b to turn garbage into a garage. But it has to be an actual object, and not alive. Later on, you get access to a way to reverse words, swap them with homonyms, get rid of the restrictions that prevent abstract things like "sin" and allow living things, a way to combine words (like cross and word become crossword), remove all the t's, and swap words for anagrams. Also, in-universe there's ways to remove just the first letter of a word and to turn any plural word singular (you can usually do this by removing all s's, but not always). So word chains that you can do with those sort of things are very important, and half of the main character (who is Alex and Andra combined) was trying to create a conlang to make it all especially useful. Personally one major thing I'd do is make a single letter that's only used to make words singular, so once you have one of something, you can get more just by removing that letter.

  • @Catman_321
    @Catman_321 2 місяці тому +83

    Oh no, Now he's going to make it into an fps game

    • @PunmasterSTP
      @PunmasterSTP 2 місяці тому +12

      I'd definitely be up for a graph theory game of some sort...

    • @swedneck
      @swedneck 2 місяці тому +1

      @@PunmasterSTP sounds like a very decent premise for some sort of puzzle game

    • @jenriesgamingworld8041
      @jenriesgamingworld8041 2 місяці тому

      MAKE
      AH-IT
      SUPERCALIFRAGA-

    • @Monkeymario.
      @Monkeymario. Місяць тому +1

      YOOOOO EPIK SUPERCALIFRAGILISTICEXPADALIOCIUS

  • @EquaTechnologies
    @EquaTechnologies Місяць тому +1

    this is SOOOO sick!!! like every word has it's own adress in the graphs and there are patterns!

  • @HiFish74
    @HiFish74 2 місяці тому +41

    1:35 "BRRR" is a word and you can't convince me otherwise!!!

    • @TheLazyCowboy1
      @TheLazyCowboy1 2 місяці тому +2

      Really? It doesn't have a vowel, so it cannot produce sound, so it's not a word. It's typically pronounced "berr" or like "bur." Bur is a word, I believe. But br is not.

    • @jacobgonzalez1386
      @jacobgonzalez1386 2 місяці тому +7

      ​@@TheLazyCowboy1but you still know what it means, and you know how to say it.

    • @Firefly256
      @Firefly256 2 місяці тому

      @@jacobgonzalez1386It is a word in Scrabble, I use the CSW21 and I can confirm it's a word

    • @bubblinebee
      @bubblinebee 2 місяці тому

      @@TheLazyCowboy1 What about tsktsks?

    • @TheLazyCowboy1
      @TheLazyCowboy1 2 місяці тому +1

      ​@@bubblinebeeI wouldn't know that word. It likely isn't a formal one, I reckon.

  • @roeyshapiro4878
    @roeyshapiro4878 2 місяці тому +1

    Thanks for making the inspiration that I can always come back to.
    Love the smaller scope of the project (maybe it had its classic share of tangential problems, but at least conceptually), definitely a super cool example of patterns emerging from simple rules.

  • @comtoisetienne
    @comtoisetienne 2 місяці тому +3

    It would be interesting to change the rule to : change, add or remove one letter. That way there would only be one graph. Maybe unconnected words in one "level" (word lenght) could be connected to the whole.

  • @CollinWilliams-by5cs
    @CollinWilliams-by5cs 2 місяці тому +1

    I love network theory! This reminds me of that guy who did the Wikipedia graph. Thanks for the video, CodeParade!

  • @albertchosenko8514
    @albertchosenko8514 2 місяці тому +3

    I think what's interesting, is the first and last word of the longest line, every word you can change it into is already in the line, since otherwise it would be the longest instead

  • @Minty7602
    @Minty7602 2 місяці тому +71

    “Orgy” and “sexy ”being all alone is quite ironic

  • @TBH_Inc
    @TBH_Inc Місяць тому +2

    Nice work! The only thing I would’ve liked to see highlighted was word pairs that were the only connection between 2 big nodes.

  • @randomperson-fd5wr
    @randomperson-fd5wr 2 місяці тому +3

    Fin > Sin > Sip > Dip > Dim > Aim > Alm? > Ale > Age

  • @samiralawton7497
    @samiralawton7497 2 місяці тому +2

    Holy crap i just came across this puzzle in ian Stewart's "Nature's Numbers". I was fascinated by it and wanted to see something exactly like this. I was going to do it on paper so thank you for this gem

  • @moldslop
    @moldslop 2 місяці тому +3

    48: AIM>ARM>ARE>AGE

  • @Nzargnalphabet
    @Nzargnalphabet 2 місяці тому +1

    also, I have a simple suggestion, count the empty space before and after words as characters, it will likely connect much of the different word sizes and things might get even more interesting

  • @Wapcvm
    @Wapcvm 2 місяці тому +9

    5:25 great words in the middle there.

    • @cashierexo
      @cashierexo 2 місяці тому +1

      I saw goon 💀💀💀💀

    • @black-mesa
      @black-mesa 2 місяці тому

      @@cashierexoI saw tits 💀💀💀

    • @AKPittaz
      @AKPittaz 2 місяці тому

      Reason y I came to the comments

    • @SwankemasterSupreme
      @SwankemasterSupreme 2 місяці тому

      @@cashierexo*sneaks behind you and steals your money*

    • @KenzoOSC
      @KenzoOSC Місяць тому

      @@SwankemasterSupremehoes

  • @jwvdvuurst
    @jwvdvuurst 2 місяці тому +1

    Interesting! Next step is to combine all these graphs by making the connection from one word to another that you can get to by adding 1 letter to it. So you can either go to a next word by changing one letter or expanding the word by adding one letter.
    AND->END->BEND->BOND->... etc

  • @닉네임-u4q
    @닉네임-u4q 2 місяці тому +3

    FIN->MIN->MID->AID->AMD(Advanced Micro Devices)->AMP(adenosine monophosphate)->APP->APE->AGE Gotcha!

  • @stuvl_33
    @stuvl_33 2 місяці тому +1

    The 6 letter graph kinda started resembling the world map. Or maybe I'm just tripping.
    Great video!

  • @Ty-Jack
    @Ty-Jack 2 місяці тому +7

    7:06 you could make a map with this L0L.

  • @wermaus
    @wermaus 2 місяці тому +1

    THIS as a tool for guiding conlang development to help "feel" out the consonant composition based on conjugations, affixations, short words and roots seems like a really promising area of exploration. Just using the tool (which I think might have some edge cases where it fails to make connections it should because I was getting some missing branches) really helped feel out a few new shorter words to help out a conlang I'm working on niow!

  • @tux1468
    @tux1468 2 місяці тому +28

    0:21 implying that its not a real word? >:3

    • @EnZon3
      @EnZon3 2 місяці тому +4

      bro 😭🙏

    • @naoxi1
      @naoxi1 2 місяці тому +1

      Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

    • @ImpossibleEvan
      @ImpossibleEvan 2 місяці тому +4

      Cog & Bullet Torture

    • @Eavontide
      @Eavontide 2 місяці тому +3

      it's not. it's an abbreviation

  • @suonss
    @suonss 2 місяці тому

    There’s a game online called “Weaver” which is a word chain game! It focuses on 4/5 letter words, and you try to connect them in the least amount of nodes. It’s really fun to play!

  • @kongolandwalker
    @kongolandwalker 2 місяці тому +3

    I played this game in childhood. But the rules also allowed to add (insert) a letter or delete one.
    Lap->flap

  • @victork8708
    @victork8708 2 місяці тому +1

    Thank you for showing me Gephy, because i need something like this, and i didn`t even know where to look!

  • @Konomi_io
    @Konomi_io 2 місяці тому +13

    4:21 the australian in me feels the need to tell you that it's pronounced "ee-myu"

    • @Nanuak_
      @Nanuak_ 2 місяці тому

      The British in me feels the exact same way

    • @bengamincopper6508
      @bengamincopper6508 2 місяці тому

      I cringed when he said E moo, like, ew

    • @trioOFmischief
      @trioOFmischief 2 місяці тому

      @@bengamincopper6508Yes
      I won’t be able to sleep for weeks

  • @suupe4453
    @suupe4453 2 місяці тому +1

    0:40 fit > pit> put> rut > rue> rye> aye> age

  • @ees4.
    @ees4. 2 місяці тому +9

    Qibla isn't an archaic word, or out of use. It refers to the direction that Muslims pray in.

    • @Ergzay
      @Ergzay Місяць тому

      But it's not an english word, which is the point.

    • @ees4.
      @ees4. Місяць тому +2

      @@Ergzay He said 'archaic', not bothering to check whether it was still in use or if he just hadn't heard it before.

  • @zeldaandTwink
    @zeldaandTwink 2 місяці тому +2

    i would love to see a follow up where you add the rule that you can add or remove one letter during a turn

  • @Real_LeCHL
    @Real_LeCHL 2 місяці тому +3

    1:31 Qibla is a word from Arabic, which means the direction facing the Ka'ba in Makkah. Also I guess 'brrr' is an onomatopoeia for money printers?

  • @vassilisstergioudis
    @vassilisstergioudis 2 місяці тому +1

    As an artists who draws ambigrams and studies ambigram typologies, I find this video really interesting!

  • @jademonass2954
    @jademonass2954 2 місяці тому +3

    reminded me so much of the levenshtein distance i went to search it up
    turns out, this is called the hamming distance! only with the limitation of being real words
    super interesting stuff tho

  • @mckseal
    @mckseal 2 місяці тому +1

    I did a version with a given budget of "fake" words you could use. This means you can bridge some of the gaps, but the fake word must still be one letter off.
    It was actually a really fun twist! Recommend it

  • @ScrumpeyBros
    @ScrumpeyBros 2 місяці тому +11

    6:35 Interesting how "beaut" goes to "beast"...

  • @irExron
    @irExron 15 днів тому

    I would love to see a version that has +1 or -1 letters aswell. i assume most of the words will be connections like Care/Cares, but some of those disconnected nodes might get some love!
    One i made myself as an example, Loin to Weighty
    Loin > Ion > In > Sin > Sign > Sigh > Sight > Right > Bright > Wright > Weight > Weighty.

  • @sophiegrey9576
    @sophiegrey9576 2 місяці тому +152

    BRRR isn't even that unusual out of the weird words you picked out for the scrabble dictionary-it's just onomatopoeia for shivering in the cold, like "brrrr it's freezing"

    • @isaaclowe5000
      @isaaclowe5000 2 місяці тому +18

      onomatopoeia aren't real words. and if you find that they are because someone more qualified than me said so, I still completely disagree

    • @timothymclean
      @timothymclean 2 місяці тому +53

      @@isaaclowe5000 How do you not realize how conceited you sound when you say "I'm right even if experts say I'm wrong" out loud?

    • @BryanLu0
      @BryanLu0 2 місяці тому +17

      ​@@isaaclowe5000buzz, splash, crash are all onomatopoeia

    • @Philip-qq7ql
      @Philip-qq7ql 2 місяці тому +3

      ​@@timothymcleanbut experts can be wrong, especially if they think onomatopoeia should be considered words

    • @zmaj12321
      @zmaj12321 2 місяці тому +17

      ​@@Philip-qq7ql Every definition of onomatopoeia that I can find calls it "a word" or "the creation of a word". I think it makes sense. If onomatopoeia's not a word, then what is it exactly?

  • @KnakuanaRka
    @KnakuanaRka 2 місяці тому +1

    Hey, that 12dicts word list sounds like something I could use for a couple of programs I’ve made; thanks for letting me know.

  • @hAboyd
    @hAboyd 2 місяці тому +5

    2:47 But that's just a Theory, a NETWORK THEORY!

  • @Tremuska
    @Tremuska 2 місяці тому +1

    Finalt 4D is over and we start to see high quality content. Well done mate!

  • @itsyusufcraft4674
    @itsyusufcraft4674 2 місяці тому +34

    Where is 1 letter

    • @NinjaKatzKool
      @NinjaKatzKool 2 місяці тому

      Fr, I bet there are no connsctions

    • @Gjeea
      @Gjeea 2 місяці тому +12

      @@NinjaKatzKoolinfact quite the opposite, every word would have connections! Since 1 letter words are only- well.. a letter long. Since you switch 1 word per time, every word with a single letter would have connections.
      Although im pretty sure the only 1 letter words are a and i.

    • @aguyontheinternet-n8p
      @aguyontheinternet-n8p 2 місяці тому

      The only real 1 letter words are i and a, but u and y can also do, plus every letter is a word in the dictionary

    • @Gjeea
      @Gjeea 2 місяці тому

      @@aguyontheinternet-n8p well either way, you get my point

    • @frenchburgur
      @frenchburgur 2 місяці тому

      everything would be connected as you change all (1) letters in one move

  • @leo9463065
    @leo9463065 2 місяці тому +1

    I had heard about an extra rule to allow more connections when the words get loger: allowing rearranging letters, i.e. turning it into one of its anagrams.
    One interesting word chain this rule allows is the cycle of 4 seasons: spring → summer → autumn → winter → spring

  • @PM74rake
    @PM74rake 2 місяці тому +5

    1:40 I agree and disagree, Qibla _is_ a word but it’s taken from the arabic language (my language) so yeah. Just wanted to point that out.

    • @zmaj12321
      @zmaj12321 2 місяці тому

      And it's also used in English, so it's considered an English word.

  • @HerzaPop
    @HerzaPop 2 місяці тому +2

    I like playing his game on sporcle, ladders they called. Cool video, enjoyed it

  • @WeaselOnaStick
    @WeaselOnaStick 2 місяці тому +9

    4:40 blurring right as the CU- appears lmao

  • @Valgween
    @Valgween 2 місяці тому +1

    it makes sense that they get less connected the more letters. because the number of potential letter combinations increases faster than the words that are actually used.

  • @theominouspigeon
    @theominouspigeon 2 місяці тому +14

    new codeparade vid dropped :D

    • @ChristmasCakeGlazer
      @ChristmasCakeGlazer 2 місяці тому +4

      Actual coding?

    • @amyshaw893
      @amyshaw893 2 місяці тому +1

      Yeah I know, I'm watching it

    • @ChristmasCakeGlazer
      @ChristmasCakeGlazer 2 місяці тому +3

      @@amyshaw893hey you were supposed to say “Call the coder!” not this (omg Google en passant chain reference??)

    • @Vodboi
      @Vodboi 2 місяці тому +2

      @@ChristmasCakeGlazer 4D engine in the corner, plotting steam domination

    • @ChristmasCakeGlazer
      @ChristmasCakeGlazer 2 місяці тому +2

      @@Vodboi Code sacrifice, anyone?

  • @rosiefay7283
    @rosiefay7283 2 місяці тому

    Thank you for doing this analysis and showing us your results. It is fascinating, isn't it. Some of those longest chains are amazing --- amazing that words that might look as if they can't be connected can be.

  • @hAboyd
    @hAboyd 2 місяці тому +6

    0:33 Batman!

  • @DogeDragone
    @DogeDragone 2 місяці тому +1

    that was a good hour entertainment for my day, downloading python again (ig I didnt download it on this computer yet) and then playing around with words and then turning it into a graph

  • @CuppzGeo
    @CuppzGeo 2 місяці тому +6

    1:17
    Ain Means the arabic letter, ع

  • @cmyk8964
    @cmyk8964 2 місяці тому +1

    There's a browser game called Craftwords, which is a word ladder game where you're also allowed to connect anagrams (e.g. egos-goes), and add or remove 1 arbitrary letter (e.g. qua-aqua, quit-quite). I wonder how much that reduces island words.

  • @Alexander-oh8ry
    @Alexander-oh8ry 2 місяці тому +3

    0:22 interesting example for a forbidden word. Cognitive Ball Torture

  • @jaydentplays7485
    @jaydentplays7485 19 днів тому +2

    2:45 Oval and oral are the only words for each other, so you cannot get either one from any other word.

  • @Firefly256
    @Firefly256 2 місяці тому +6

    1:11 As a Scrabble player, I literally thought of the same solution too!
    Also, what do you think of a variant of word chains, where you can either add a letter, change a letter or remove a letter? So a chain could be something like
    GOAT -> GOT -> COT -> CLOT -> CLOTH