Ever look at a really old map of Earth? Like from antiquity or the middle ages. If you have you probably noticed it didn't look much like Earth. So if you made a map and it turns out some of it doesn't make sense, just chalk it up to that. It's an old map made by cartographers who had a flawed understanding of their world. No need to sweat or scrap your progress.
The UK casts a shadow on Norway: the Gulf Stream keeps northern Norway warm, but the UK blocks it from southern Norway, so the south of Norway can be colder than the north.
Most of it is actually caused by the Scandinavian Mountains (Oslo is often colder than Nordland in the winter) but there is a bit of influence from the UK as well which is why Bergen and Alesund are typically milder in the winter than Kristiansand and most cities in Denmark. They are also shielded from Siberian air masses by the mountains as well while places to the south do not have such a privilege
@@bruhguy2356 Nope. Not only is the English Channel not really deep nor wide enough to be able to channel a strong current like that, but it's also the wrong end of the British Isles. The general path of Gulf Stream goes to the north of Scotland, between it and Iceland then curves around into the North Sea alongside Norway.
For altitude, there’s a basic method you can use: For every one kilometre you go up, you extend a climate sone down ten degrees. For example, if you have a large area of land 2 kilometres above sea level at 40 degrees north, you make the climates as if it was at 60 degrees north.
Tropics generally need 180 meters per degree C, so one kilometer will be like 6 °C. And while temperatures decrease, seasonality stays the same as sea level but with greater diurnal temperature range, so it doesn't really become like a higher latitude climate.
@@elijahlay5860the highest elevation on earth peaks at just below 9 km. If you're fantasy world has Mountains as tall as 100km you probably didn't try to make it very realistic in the first place
@@b.k.5667yeah and even the tallest mountain on mars is just 24 kilometers high, sure maybe they could get higher, but I’m not a geologist and I’m working off the limited knowledge of a quick google search
Plus if two heads are better than one, three videos are definitely better than one. If he said we had to wait for part 6 I'd be jumping up and down out of joy.
Same. I'm in the middle of making a map for my D&D world going forward, and was thinking how great it would be to have more actual video explanations about the climate and water/air currents and so on. Plenty of articles cover the geological features and how that effects water flow for rivers / pooling for lakes and so on, but much less on how the climate and biomes would form naturally. And Artifexian's earlier videos on the wind circulation and ocean currents came to mind, but this one (actual climates based on that) hadn't been made and released yet. So this gets me halfway to determining kinds of volumes of vegetation for my map-in-progress. Perfect timing.
There is (or was?) a mod, "Realistic World Gen" or something like that, that attempted to incorporate things like climate bands into the procedural world generation.
That actually gave me the idea to create random worlds and using the maps for the sole purpose of using them for worldbuilding. Probably not the most original idea ever but it beats trying to conceptualize a world without any artistic skill under my belt.
Okay, this is great, but can someone tell me how do I apply this with different planetary parameters, i.e. stellar day above or below 24 hours, surface gravity above or below 1 g, different stellar irradiance, stronger or weaker tidal forces, atmospheric pressure above or below 1 atm, axial tilt above or below 23.3 degrees, different planet size, semi-major axis above or below 1 AU, different atmospheric composition than the standard 78% N2, 21% O2... Edit: Nevermind, he actually did it. God, this channel is a godsend.
I bashed my head into my desk trying to figure this stuff out a few months ago (figuratively). This is so helpful! Thanks! This is my favorite world building related channel by far.
Yay! Another worldbuilding video! The fact that the dry/wet flip flops like that due to the wind direction in South America after such a small distance is really interesting.
I believe it's the same, but I'm not quite sure, the name is different so it should have different meaning... I know! there is only one thing to do! TIME FOR MORE SCIENISSECINGIFFICALALALUCATION
5:53 that wouldn't be a desert fully even with the rainshadow, due to the movement of the Doldrums over the year. In the northern summer, so for part of the year that desert would be on the windward side. I would suggest it being a steppe, with some subtropical highland regions.
This is pretty close to how i already do biomes which was cool to note - Though it did go in way more detail. I'd love to know how you marked out your regions (i assume you used photoshop) as statistically it lools pretty cool. I'm looking forward yo the next video keep it up!
Nice to see how the previous videos tie into the climate zones akin to how star types and orbital radii determines the type of planets at the start of the process. Also appreciate the nuance of what would have been otherwise an over application of the brush tool, it certainly does give it an air of plausibility, mask layers as well? Can barely wait for the temperate and colder regions videos. Thanks again for the video.
The elevation for mountains should be a little bit higher than 800 m at a base. After looking at various elevation maps, 1200-1500 is a decent range to aim for. I think with your map though, your elevation is just a little too minimal from the start, leaving your mountains a bit stunted in comparison to earth's (not sure if that was on purpose to be honest -- it wasn't mentioned in the tectonics video). For scale, the rocky mountains, which are pretty average as far as mountain range heights go, consistently have peaks above 2500m, with their bases starting around 1300m, give or take 200m for regional variation.
OMG exactly what i needed! been thinking about this for weeks now! have put it off for more than 2 months! Finally i have a guideline for this and can finish my worldbuilding >.< Thank you so so much!
This is exactly what I needed! I'm excited for the next one. I want to wait until this next one to create a new world map for my story because I feel like it'll be a really fun couple of days to just go through and do it all at once.
Your map has too much savanna and too little desert given the location of your mountains. Instead of a huge inland savanna I suggest mixing strips of savanna in a mostly desert in that area. Savanna in areas where valleys are allowing clouds to pass through the mountains or where the mountains are lower. Because quite frankly even low mountains will dry out the air quite a lot. Not just due to a wind shadow causing less rain to fall in the first place but also due to foehn winds picking up and carrying away the little water there is there whenever there's winds blowing over the mountains. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foehn_wind As a result those areas would be deserts despite being located in an area that would otherwise be a rain forest. After all, in the real world the rain forest is there because it's so hot that local air rises causing rain as it rises up while pulling cold air from north and south of there where the above mentioned dry air is falling towards the surface pushing away any moist air that may otherwise have reached the area. In your map there's no sea north of your savanna for moisture to be pulled away from in order to create the rain at equator. The area would simply be dry despite the lake you've placed at 30° where the dry air is falling. Honestly, Pangea and other super continents like that are a better model for your world then our current one is in terms of understanding the climate that your geographic features are actually causing... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_Global_Circulation_-_en.svg
@@user-jr7ww2gf1h Super-continents tends to be rather dry in the middle... Asia is small compared to a *real* super continent. Anyway, the effect you kind of get with mountains is something like Tibet or Australia. And with a large continent there's usually *something* stopping the water from getting through the whole thing to the middle.
Deciding the actual extents/shapes of my climates is the hardest part of conworlding. Especially when all my coastlines are fractalized. Will you ever do a video on deciding where civilization borders should be, especially for mountain dwelling people?
I can help, if you want. I have spent quite a lot of time researching for worldbuilding, including studying geology and climatology, and I’m an history amateur.
Danquebec01 hah hah thanks, though I have to re-add my mountains again (since I lost my usb containing my latest map) before I do anything like that yet.
Are you gonna include the full technical definitions of each of these climate zones in the documents? Cos those would probably be useful. Especially if you wanna tweak the planetary temperature or precipitation off of current earth standards. For example you’d be surprised how much smaller the tropical zones would be on a world with temperatures similar to those of the last ice age. I can make that map for you if you’d like just for a demonstration. And going in the opposite direction, a hothouse world could see the tropical zones extend far outside the Hadley Cell
Edgar might not be able to include such wondrous additions in his current production s schedule, but I am sure.there are.many of us that would greatly appreciate your contributions to world building!
No. But a lot of this will be covered in the third video in this series. You seem to have researched this, if you're willing DM me on twitter, I'd love to get a look at some of your work.
Also a hothouse world would potentially lack the polar tundra climate zones Earth has with at least temperate zones being likely to extend right to the polar regions, similarly the transition to alpine climate zones at any given latitude be at higher elevations than on Earth assuming that is the world has a similar atmospheric composition. This is both due to the higher sea level temperatures at each latitude and due to the fact that a hothouse world would also be more humid and the temperature lapse rate with altitude decreases once the ambient temperature falls bellow the dew point due to the release of the latent heat of vaporisation as the water vapour begins to condense.
Great video. I studied some climate and geology in college as electives and what you said here is generally pretty accurate. One thing you may want to correct though, is saying inland areas will always be hot and dry. You got the dry part right, but hot, not so much. Try telling the people of Winnipeg, Manitoba or Yellowknife, NWT that their cities are always "hot" year round while they're in the middle of -30C winters! A more accurate statement would be interiors of continents have more extreme temperatures then coastal regions. They tend to get both hotter AND colder then coasts, while costs tend to remain more consistent and mild in their temperatures.
Do you think this could be implemented as an algorithm. It looks sufficiently deterministic to me for now. Maybe one can throw a world map with elevation data, ocean currents and wind patterns and the program would tell you the different regions in the Köppen climate classification. Cuold that be possible? If so, it would be very interesting to do paleoclimate models with that and comparing it the the actual ones. Should we expect it to be similar? Fascinating video by the way. I love your presentation style and appreciate the hard work.
this is the best way to actually learn geography cuz you introduce the concept and principles and then apply them back at earth, instead of explaining each part of earth
Watching the three previous videos and this one makes me think I could much more easily make a very believable world. I never want to start building a civilization because I could never know the world that they would be a product. Because of these videos I can start making a map and referring back to these. You aren’t telling me what to put in my world, your telling me how to discover what is in my world. Thank you
How did you make this waaay better topographic map? It is really cool and this looks way better than the one you made in the original video about plate tectonics. It looks like you did it with vector graphics.
I have an idea for cultures based on these geographic regions: Central Rain Forest: A boat-based culture, with the local ethnicity being mostly short, dark and of average built. Despite regional differences, the unified climate stretching quite widely and relatively flat terrain allows for easy mixing. Mostly tribal communities with a wide array of cuisines, comprised mainly of fruits, mushrooms and edible insects, with a wide variety of spices and fermentation techniques, allowing for foods that are fruity, sweet, often spicy, or mild and gently-flavored. In certain lakes, a spirulina or spirulina analog is often cultivated, and is priced more than gold, as well as many cotton cultivars, choosing for longer, softer fibers of various yellows and greens, on the lighter side of course, and even some analogues to banana fibers, dyed many vibrant colors. They strongly appreciate a good deal of heat. They mostly access salt from trade, and it has resulted in them becoming diplomatically advanced, as it becomes an increasing necessety in their hot and wet environment. Coastal Rainforest: Smaller tribes, mostly nomadic as opposed to their sedentary more "mainland" cousins, mostly live in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, and mostly peaceful, since of their ability to trade for valuable ressources of salt and spices. Coconut, crabs and fish allow for a proteine rich-diet, and they tend to use dried grasses as opposed to more complexe cloths. Coral reafs allow for a wide array of fish, seashells and crustacians. Tend to be more isolated, but not quite as much. Peninsula Rainforest: Mostly houses a sea-faring culture, used to a rich diet of fish, seafood and coconut, as well as many fruits and berries. Well-versed in agriculture, fishing, war and trade, they have come to dominate the area, and perhaps, are looking for expension. They tend to cultivate shorter kinds of cotton with white fibers, but trade with other cultures for silks and dyes. Their tropical rainforest climate and their trading culture allows them to mix a wide variety of spices, locally enjoying extremely spicy foods. Eastern Island: A small, isolated hunter-gatherer society, often invaded by other cultures. They enjoy there access to salt, spices, seafood, fish and fruits, though, and have a unique cuisine with an emphasis on stews served with flavorful salty-fruity condiments. They do not particularly enjoy spices, though. Monsoon forests: Too small and thin to have any significant self-contained culture, they tend to form regional variets withing larger cultures, exept the most extreme estern one, fairly isolated, enjoying closeness to the sea and mountains, allowing for plenty of fresh water, sea-salt, fruits (coconuts, mangos and citruses being favorites), spices and both cotton and linen cloth productions. Dairy, which allow for small-scale of various peas and beans, dairy is quite frequently consumed, but beef is taboo. and the wet climate with it's abundonce of disease carrying insects make it difficult to slaughter and eat large animals in general. Savannah near the large river: Mostly houses the main tropical civilisation. A deeply unegaletarian irrigation society, stretching throught the Savannah, but also steppes and desert, they consider themselves the pride of the region. The inhabitants of these lands tend to be very dark, tall and slender-boned. Cultivation of emmer, peas, gathering of salt in the desert, and raising of cattle allow for a healthy diet. Most fruits include dates, figs, barbary berries and smaller citruses. The upmost town control trade with the peoples of more moderate regions. Open Savannah: Semi-nomadic or nomadic tribes roaming the land looking for grazing for their cattles, or prey to hunt. The lack of a stable water source make sedentariasation extremely difficult, if not impossible. Savannah Island, central: Isolated, yet close to the continent, mostly lives a sea-farring lifestyle, mostly hunter-gatherers. Fruits and nuts make the rest of the diet, as well as many small bird species, larger and meatier thanks to insular gigantism, allow them to practice some raising of cattle in the form of tropical, oversized pigeons. South-Western and Coast Peninsula Savannah: While still open, the nearby sea and mountains allow for a beginning of horticulture, and cold costal waters allow for abundant fisheries. These almost settled cultures, with a very reduced nomadism and beginings of horticulture. Highly interconnected with the small, central island, itself a popular destination of the River People. North-Eastern Peninsula Savannah: more geographically isolated and has exeptionally low population density due to a lack of food source. Mostly wild, and with some isolated societies of hunter-gatherers, surviving of meat and grain, with occasional roots. South-Eastern Island: Mostly sea-farring, nomadic, but with the begginings of raising of cattle, mostly birds raised for meat. Fish play a large part of their diet as well. Eastern Steppes: Mostly coastal population living off fishing, raising cattles such as short-haired sheep and bovins and emmer cultivation, but frequently revert to nomadism due to frequent droughts. They often ressort to trade with other cultures, in hopes of getting additionnal food sources. The mountains allow for a greater supply of fresh water. Most vitamins come from algea or mountain berries. Deserts: Mostly dominated by camel-mounted traders and merchants, but also "sand-pirates". No settled population, exept maybe in the rarest of oasis.
I and my best friend have a years long between us world build that has been incorporating a lot of this stuff. Despite most of the map stuff having already been set down I still managed to follow geographical climates due to a geology minor in college. A fun thing to look at is soil types based on the local rocks and features, it'll influence crops, plant life, types of animals and culture, also a lot of trade routes in relation to ores, dirts, and precious stones. Soil PH and nutrient content has a lot of effect on farming techniques in any given area, just as much as access to water. (I'll reference the meme about a delicate rose vs a dandelion yelling at it about growing in a crack in the ground, I live in a region where roses are nearly weeds due to having the right soil composition for them, I had no concept of roses being delicate growing up due to the fact that the ones around my house are ~10x the size they should be and unkillable, while over in Europe they're happy to grow but the soil has different nutrients and thus they can be killed)We argue all the time over minute details but generally if @Artifexian has a vid out on the topic we will defer to it and side that direction. It's kept a lot of things in our relationship from blowing up spectacularly.
I created a sort of desert monsoon effect on my world. The equatorial/south tropical desert called the Malanash by the Felines heats up, and the winds blow towards the cool mountains inhabited by Felin Cotrunikh. During the Mountain winter, winds blow towards the range more, and during summer the winds follow a general prevailing wind pattern (towards the spiraltail lands on the equator). During the winter monsoons, red sand particles get blown through the air, making the sky a reddish-orange, thought to be the mark of the sun God’s distance, as it is similarly colored to a sunset.
That sounds like a really cool setup. I dig the cultural stuff you have created based on the geography. But the existence of tropical desert seems weird to me. Deserts will tend to be located right under high pressure zones like subtropical ridges not at the equator. Even if you have a convenient mountain range near the equator, it's rainshadow may be dry enough to have savannah but not so dry to allow for equatorial deserts. Thinking about it as I write, you might be able to get away with an elevated plateau (drier conditions up high) that is the rain show of a large mountain range. If that makes sense. Don't know for sure if that would work but might be worth looking into.
Artifexian I realize now that it is near a high pressure band (it stretches from the equator to around 40° south in a supercontinent interior) and a rise near a Rift Valley. I’m glad you like my culture too! All this is making me want to show you where the desert is too. I just realized you have an Instagram can I send you a photo of the map?
As always, an excellent video. I think you quite spoil us, and on that note: When you're done with climate do you think you'll touch on biomes? If you do I hope you redo vegetation. It was a good video, the one you already made, but I found it a bit lacking. Again, loved the video, keep up the good work.
An Artifexian video the same day as WorldBuilding Notes? Awesome! I really need to work on my current world some more, I'm building it's map based on interactions between nations and events. Also the type of areas I want people to live, Region by region.
regarding areas with lots of fog it is probably worth mentioning fog forests are a thing namely the Redwood Forests of California and the tropical equivalent at higher altitudes but I understand leaving them out since they are complicated and are more or less the result of biological induced climatic variability. Cut down a fog forest and you will get coastal desert, savanna or Mediterranean climate since the trees themselves bring the moisture through combinations of emitted chemical/particulates for moisture nucleation Regarding rain-forests it is worth mentioning that like fog forests their reach can extend past the typical margins due to biological feedbacks a good example of this is the amazon which is way larger than it could be based purely off of climate the climate based off this chart for much of the amazon would actually be Savanna which is why deforestation in rain-forests is so crippling in parts of the Amazon since the wet climate disappears once the trees are cut down resulting in savanna desert or monsoonal conditions. Probably worth making a video all about forests or floral modified climates since those really have interesting applications to world building. As an additional mention while situational it is worth pointing out that due to climatic variability induced by Milankovitch Cycles the strength and direction of Monsoons can shift. This was a particularly important element in human evolution since the strength of the West African Monsoon shifts every 20,000 years or so turning the Sahara wet and dry respectively. On a story timescale you can probably neglect this unless your setting is playing out over the transitional phase between the two states where it could have huge societal implications. Monsoonal shifts are also largely why there re so many people in the Arabian peninsula and middle east as well since people tend to get attached to land even after it becomes less hospitable so that is another aspect where monsoonal shifts could play a world building role. I know you like to simplify stuff and drop off much of the more complicated details (which is probably sufficient for most people) but I find there can be great freedoms and potential in some of the nuances. ;)
Coasts do not have "low" temperatures, they have "mild" temperatures, although what kind of sea current bathes those coasts matters a lot (that's why Newfoundland is much colder and less habitable than Ireland, but still has a milder climate than Manitoba or Minnesotta).
Hey out of curiosity, and because I suck at conlanging, do you think any experienced conlangers would make their services available for a reasonable price? And what would a reasonable price be? So far I've only managed the one decent one (by my standards, which are probably low), and really it's only good for naming. And I've read David Patterson's book, the art of language invention, like four times now. It's like Latin to me. I struggle to make sense of it.
I curios as to why you didn't include the wet parts of the mountains slopes. Elevation is generally a good indicator of precipitation (if it is on the prevailing side) and while.you did talk about rainshadow you didn't apply the converse part of its effect, namely a wetter side on the mountains. Further 800m? That is really low, especially for the tropics.
Small mistake: it’s orographic lift, not orthographic, although I love the subsequent pun (« orthographe » means « proper spelling » in French...). « Oro- » means « relief related ».
love your videos, if i may ask. one day would it be possible to do a full in depth video like this climate one and your other vidoes about a tidally locked earth like planet like building a tidally locked planet from the ground up ?, i know youve touched on tidal locked stuff a bit before. But try as i might i cannot find any good videos about tidally locked planets, and i know you could give a video like that great justice.
I may have to do this given the number of requests I get about it. Regardless, tidally locked planets will be a mention in the third video in this series. See the top line of the description for more info.
@@Artifexian My i add another tid bit to my above post of asking if one day you think you might do a full video of constructing a tidal locked planet. If that day ever comes maybe even have multiple Scenarios involving stars. Such as a Big Blue Giant, a Star like Sol, and a Small red dwarf would probably all have diffrenet effects based on brightness and generated heat and such. Also the idea of say a planet is tidally locked to 1 star in a binary system, where one side of the planet is always Day, and the other side of the planet has a day night cycle. I just think these types of different variables are interesting and such.
It adds a lot. For instance without the Monsoons that feed the Nile River ancient Egypt wouldn't have developed. And if it wasn't so surrounded by desert, a result of climate, it's history would probably be more like the Mesopotamia's marked with frequent outside invasions. In many ways societies our shaped by their environment including climate.
The moonsoon part is a bit off. For example, there should be a large moonsoon area west and south of your big eastern mountain range. The ITCZ travels around depending on the position of continents. The Sun hits the tropics the hardest in summer, so if it’s land, it’s going to be the hottest place in the world, so that’s where the ITCZ should be. If it’s water, the ITCZ will instead align to where land is closest south of there, or to the equator if there’s no land, because water doesn’t change temperature so quickly, as you said. Another thing to keep in mind is that when the wind “wants” to hit the ITCZ, but the ITCZ is far beyond the equator, it will have to turn and go in the reverse direction. Equatorial forests can form far from the equator, as far as the tropics. It will form where it’s hot enough and about constantly hit by warm humid winds.
Gotta love when Mushoku Tensei's author had to canonically state in story that: "no, the climate doesn't make sense, its probably magic" 20 volumes in.
This was almost perfect for me except the fact that my map is taking place a lot further away from the equatorial zone. So now I am eagerly waiting for part 2 when it will be more relevant for me
Step 1: Make a Desert Planet
Step 2: Summon the Worm
Step 3: ???
Step 4: RIDE THE WORM!
SPICE MUST FLOW
Step three is give him beans
*Rise of the Harkonnen OST starts to play in the background**
Never doubt the worm
Thank you
Artifexian: releases new video
Me: opens worldbuilding maps and sweats
When you've already planned land features for certain areas but then you find out it's probably improbable
Ever look at a really old map of Earth? Like from antiquity or the middle ages. If you have you probably noticed it didn't look much like Earth.
So if you made a map and it turns out some of it doesn't make sense, just chalk it up to that. It's an old map made by cartographers who had a flawed understanding of their world. No need to sweat or scrap your progress.
Part 3 is for you..
So basically everyone watching this video right now?
Grim The Ghastly I guess I'm the exception that proves the rule.
The UK casts a shadow on Norway: the Gulf Stream keeps northern Norway warm, but the UK blocks it from southern Norway, so the south of Norway can be colder than the north.
That's really interesting contrary to what I would have assumed. Thanks for the info.
Most of it is actually caused by the Scandinavian Mountains (Oslo is often colder than Nordland in the winter) but there is a bit of influence from the UK as well which is why Bergen and Alesund are typically milder in the winter than Kristiansand and most cities in Denmark. They are also shielded from Siberian air masses by the mountains as well while places to the south do not have such a privilege
Eeehhh... Explain why Bergen and Stavanger and such rarely get snow, then
Doesn’t the gulf stream go through the english channel and upwards to the Norwegian Sea?
@@bruhguy2356 Nope. Not only is the English Channel not really deep nor wide enough to be able to channel a strong current like that, but it's also the wrong end of the British Isles. The general path of Gulf Stream goes to the north of Scotland, between it and Iceland then curves around into the North Sea alongside Norway.
For altitude, there’s a basic method you can use: For every one kilometre you go up, you extend a climate sone down ten degrees. For example, if you have a large area of land 2 kilometres above sea level at 40 degrees north, you make the climates as if it was at 60 degrees north.
Tropics generally need 180 meters per degree C, so one kilometer will be like 6 °C.
And while temperatures decrease, seasonality stays the same as sea level but with greater diurnal temperature range, so it doesn't really become like a higher latitude climate.
what if you're 100km above sea level 🤣
then your mountain would not exist? it would be crushed under its own weight@@elijahlay5860
@@elijahlay5860the highest elevation on earth peaks at just below 9 km. If you're fantasy world has Mountains as tall as 100km you probably didn't try to make it very realistic in the first place
@@b.k.5667yeah and even the tallest mountain on mars is just 24 kilometers high, sure maybe they could get higher, but I’m not a geologist and I’m working off the limited knowledge of a quick google search
Marker(s) for myself:
Precipitation and temperature: 1:18
Rainforests: 3:00
Savannah: 4:35
Desert: 5:26
Steppe: 6:22
Monsoon: 6:42
When putting it like that, there are a lot more climates talked about in this specific video than I thought.
How dare you make a video this great and then make me wait for a part 2. Who even gave you the right to make this kinda content?
ArkaneEmerald, me, now shut up and let him give you free naledge
Oof
Technically, I'm making you wait for a part three :P Seriously though three shorter videos a better for my mental well being than one mega video.
Artifexian makes sense
Plus if two heads are better than one, three videos are definitely better than one.
If he said we had to wait for part 6 I'd be jumping up and down out of joy.
Thank you! I waited so long for this
Thanks for hanging in there.
Ditto.
Second that! Can't wait for part two!
I literally thought to myself last night how helpful a video like this would be. Awesome.
Same. I'm in the middle of making a map for my D&D world going forward, and was thinking how great it would be to have more actual video explanations about the climate and water/air currents and so on. Plenty of articles cover the geological features and how that effects water flow for rivers / pooling for lakes and so on, but much less on how the climate and biomes would form naturally.
And Artifexian's earlier videos on the wind circulation and ocean currents came to mind, but this one (actual climates based on that) hadn't been made and released yet. So this gets me halfway to determining kinds of volumes of vegetation for my map-in-progress. Perfect timing.
Let's gooo, I've been waiting for this every goddamn day, I'm so glad it's finally here!
Hope you enjoyed it.
yo kobo
wassup screamy boy
lol for some reason I couldn't stop thinking about this as a Minecraft world
There is (or was?) a mod, "Realistic World Gen" or something like that, that attempted to incorporate things like climate bands into the procedural world generation.
@@impiaaa TerraFirmaCraft at least varies temperature by distance from the equator.
@@entropyzero5588 sadly TFC is no longer getting updates. it was so great.
@@impiaaa did it acomplish that?
That actually gave me the idea to create random worlds and using the maps for the sole purpose of using them for worldbuilding. Probably not the most original idea ever but it beats trying to conceptualize a world without any artistic skill under my belt.
Okay, this is great, but can someone tell me how do I apply this with different planetary parameters, i.e. stellar day above or below 24 hours, surface gravity above or below 1 g, different stellar irradiance, stronger or weaker tidal forces, atmospheric pressure above or below 1 atm, axial tilt above or below 23.3 degrees, different planet size, semi-major axis above or below 1 AU, different atmospheric composition than the standard 78% N2, 21% O2...
Edit: Nevermind, he actually did it. God, this channel is a godsend.
In which video did he do this? I am looking for it for some time now... Thanks!
@@donmeles7711 Part 3 of this series I believe
I keep on re-doing my map, so I have to re-do all my biomes. Your awesome accent and explaining makes it all worth it. Thanks, Artefexian
Im making a conlang and this channel has helped so much, I just subbed. Keep up the great work!
Best of luck with your conlang.
I bashed my head into my desk trying to figure this stuff out a few months ago (figuratively). This is so helpful! Thanks!
This is my favorite world building related channel by far.
Aw, cheers pal.
Yay! Another worldbuilding video!
The fact that the dry/wet flip flops like that due to the wind direction in South America after such a small distance is really interesting.
Ye, it's really visually striking. North-south mountain ranges can produce really cool results.
yeet
I’d imagine that if you build a long railway or road along the summits, you can watch the rainforest shift from one side to the other.
What is this "description" you speak of? Is it similar to a doobly-doo?
I believe it's the same, but I'm not quite sure, the name is different so it should have different meaning... I know! there is only one thing to do! TIME FOR MORE SCIENISSECINGIFFICALALALUCATION
ROFL
Most likely
After months of patiently waiting for this, it's finally here! Thank you!
Artifexian proving once again just exactly why he's the best channel on this whole dang website
5:53 that wouldn't be a desert fully even with the rainshadow, due to the movement of the Doldrums over the year. In the northern summer, so for part of the year that desert would be on the windward side. I would suggest it being a steppe, with some subtropical highland regions.
its been up for 3 days and I'm already so sad part 2 isn't here... this is the best video
No one:
Me when Artifexian uploads:
:O
:)
Funny, I was just thinking about developing this in my world
Perfect timing.
This is pretty close to how i already do biomes which was cool to note - Though it did go in way more detail. I'd love to know how you marked out your regions (i assume you used photoshop) as statistically it lools pretty cool. I'm looking forward yo the next video keep it up!
Yup, all of my maps are created in photoshop.
I've wanted this for so long, thank you!!
Thank you for watching.
Nice to see how the previous videos tie into the climate zones akin to how star types and orbital radii determines the type of planets at the start of the process. Also appreciate the nuance of what would have been otherwise an over application of the brush tool, it certainly does give it an air of plausibility, mask layers as well?
Can barely wait for the temperate and colder regions videos. Thanks again for the video.
I have been waiting YEARS for this.
I can't believe the video I just watched is already over. I want more...
The elevation for mountains should be a little bit higher than 800 m at a base. After looking at various elevation maps, 1200-1500 is a decent range to aim for. I think with your map though, your elevation is just a little too minimal from the start, leaving your mountains a bit stunted in comparison to earth's (not sure if that was on purpose to be honest -- it wasn't mentioned in the tectonics video).
For scale, the rocky mountains, which are pretty average as far as mountain range heights go, consistently have peaks above 2500m, with their bases starting around 1300m, give or take 200m for regional variation.
OMG exactly what i needed! been thinking about this for weeks now! have put it off for more than 2 months! Finally i have a guideline for this and can finish my worldbuilding >.< Thank you so so much!
This is exactly what I needed! I'm excited for the next one. I want to wait until this next one to create a new world map for my story because I feel like it'll be a really fun couple of days to just go through and do it all at once.
YEEEAH! LET'S WORLD BUILD!
It makes my day so much better when you post 😋
Your map has too much savanna and too little desert given the location of your mountains.
Instead of a huge inland savanna I suggest mixing strips of savanna in a mostly desert in that area.
Savanna in areas where valleys are allowing clouds to pass through the mountains or where the mountains are lower.
Because quite frankly even low mountains will dry out the air quite a lot.
Not just due to a wind shadow causing less rain to fall in the first place but also due to foehn winds picking up and carrying away the little water there is there whenever there's winds blowing over the mountains.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foehn_wind
As a result those areas would be deserts despite being located in an area that would otherwise be a rain forest.
After all, in the real world the rain forest is there because it's so hot that local air rises causing rain as it rises up while pulling cold air from north and south of there where the above mentioned dry air is falling towards the surface pushing away any moist air that may otherwise have reached the area.
In your map there's no sea north of your savanna for moisture to be pulled away from in order to create the rain at equator.
The area would simply be dry despite the lake you've placed at 30° where the dry air is falling.
Honestly, Pangea and other super continents like that are a better model for your world then our current one is in terms of understanding the climate that your geographic features are actually causing...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_Global_Circulation_-_en.svg
Luredreier that’s super interesting. My world is currently in a supercontinent and I have been modeling its climate off of Asia
@@user-jr7ww2gf1h Super-continents tends to be rather dry in the middle...
Asia is small compared to a *real* super continent.
Anyway, the effect you kind of get with mountains is something like Tibet or Australia.
And with a large continent there's usually *something* stopping the water from getting through the whole thing to the middle.
Deciding the actual extents/shapes of my climates is the hardest part of conworlding. Especially when all my coastlines are fractalized.
Will you ever do a video on deciding where civilization borders should be, especially for mountain dwelling people?
I can help, if you want. I have spent quite a lot of time researching for worldbuilding, including studying geology and climatology, and I’m an history amateur.
Danquebec01 hah hah thanks, though I have to re-add my mountains again (since I lost my usb containing my latest map) before I do anything like that yet.
@@DrPonner Ok contact me at dan que bec 01 @ ya hoo . ca (all written together) if you want help.
Are you gonna include the full technical definitions of each of these climate zones in the documents? Cos those would probably be useful. Especially if you wanna tweak the planetary temperature or precipitation off of current earth standards. For example you’d be surprised how much smaller the tropical zones would be on a world with temperatures similar to those of the last ice age. I can make that map for you if you’d like just for a demonstration. And going in the opposite direction, a hothouse world could see the tropical zones extend far outside the Hadley Cell
Edgar might not be able to include such wondrous additions in his current production s schedule, but I am sure.there are.many of us that would greatly appreciate your contributions to world building!
@@jeffstormer2547 Of course. And if he needs them, I can gladly copy them into the document.
No. But a lot of this will be covered in the third video in this series. You seem to have researched this, if you're willing DM me on twitter, I'd love to get a look at some of your work.
Also a hothouse world would potentially lack the polar tundra climate zones Earth has with at least temperate zones being likely to extend right to the polar regions, similarly the transition to alpine climate zones at any given latitude be at higher elevations than on Earth assuming that is the world has a similar atmospheric composition. This is both due to the higher sea level temperatures at each latitude and due to the fact that a hothouse world would also be more humid and the temperature lapse rate with altitude decreases once the ambient temperature falls bellow the dew point due to the release of the latent heat of vaporisation as the water vapour begins to condense.
He mentioned names of stuff; a little Google Fu should find you temp and precipitation tables for these climate zones
Right when I needed it this video finally came out
Total aside, but dude, you're looking good! That beard and haircut are really working for you.
This will be incredibly helpful once I decide to sit down and re-design my world more seriously, thanks!
Great video. I studied some climate and geology in college as electives and what you said here is generally pretty accurate. One thing you may want to correct though, is saying inland areas will always be hot and dry. You got the dry part right, but hot, not so much. Try telling the people of Winnipeg, Manitoba or Yellowknife, NWT that their cities are always "hot" year round while they're in the middle of -30C winters! A more accurate statement would be interiors of continents have more extreme temperatures then coastal regions. They tend to get both hotter AND colder then coasts, while costs tend to remain more consistent and mild in their temperatures.
I've being looking for this for almost a decade
Honestly, an underrated series. Good job explaining + visuals :)
Do you think this could be implemented as an algorithm. It looks sufficiently deterministic to me for now. Maybe one can throw a world map with elevation data, ocean currents and wind patterns and the program would tell you the different regions in the Köppen climate classification. Cuold that be possible?
If so, it would be very interesting to do paleoclimate models with that and comparing it the the actual ones. Should we expect it to be similar?
Fascinating video by the way. I love your presentation style and appreciate the hard work.
Miki P of course, as long as you know a bit of math and are willing to do the work you should have no problem writing an algorithm for it.
Hoping to run a "realistic" high fantasy campaign for Pathfinder and using these videos for inspiration! Thank you for uploading, was a lot of help!
this is the best way to actually learn geography cuz you introduce the concept and principles and then apply them back at earth, instead of explaining each part of earth
Watching the three previous videos and this one makes me think I could much more easily make a very believable world. I never want to start building a civilization because I could never know the world that they would be a product. Because of these videos I can start making a map and referring back to these. You aren’t telling me what to put in my world, your telling me how to discover what is in my world. Thank you
How did you make this waaay better topographic map? It is really cool and this looks way better than the one you made in the original video about plate tectonics. It looks like you did it with vector graphics.
Homunkolus I’m commenting because I want to know too
I have an idea for cultures based on these geographic regions:
Central Rain Forest: A boat-based culture, with the local ethnicity being mostly short, dark and of average built. Despite regional differences, the unified climate stretching quite widely and relatively flat terrain allows for easy mixing. Mostly tribal communities with a wide array of cuisines, comprised mainly of fruits, mushrooms and edible insects, with a wide variety of spices and fermentation techniques, allowing for foods that are fruity, sweet, often spicy, or mild and gently-flavored. In certain lakes, a spirulina or spirulina analog is often cultivated, and is priced more than gold, as well as many cotton cultivars, choosing for longer, softer fibers of various yellows and greens, on the lighter side of course, and even some analogues to banana fibers, dyed many vibrant colors. They strongly appreciate a good deal of heat. They mostly access salt from trade, and it has resulted in them becoming diplomatically advanced, as it becomes an increasing necessety in their hot and wet environment.
Coastal Rainforest: Smaller tribes, mostly nomadic as opposed to their sedentary more "mainland" cousins, mostly live in a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, and mostly peaceful, since of their ability to trade for valuable ressources of salt and spices. Coconut, crabs and fish allow for a proteine rich-diet, and they tend to use dried grasses as opposed to more complexe cloths. Coral reafs allow for a wide array of fish, seashells and crustacians. Tend to be more isolated, but not quite as much.
Peninsula Rainforest: Mostly houses a sea-faring culture, used to a rich diet of fish, seafood and coconut, as well as many fruits and berries. Well-versed in agriculture, fishing, war and trade, they have come to dominate the area, and perhaps, are looking for expension. They tend to cultivate shorter kinds of cotton with white fibers, but trade with other cultures for silks and dyes. Their tropical rainforest climate and their trading culture allows them to mix a wide variety of spices, locally enjoying extremely spicy foods.
Eastern Island: A small, isolated hunter-gatherer society, often invaded by other cultures. They enjoy there access to salt, spices, seafood, fish and fruits, though, and have a unique cuisine with an emphasis on stews served with flavorful salty-fruity condiments. They do not particularly enjoy spices, though.
Monsoon forests: Too small and thin to have any significant self-contained culture, they tend to form regional variets withing larger cultures, exept the most extreme estern one, fairly isolated, enjoying closeness to the sea and mountains, allowing for plenty of fresh water, sea-salt, fruits (coconuts, mangos and citruses being favorites), spices and both cotton and linen cloth productions. Dairy, which allow for small-scale of various peas and beans, dairy is quite frequently consumed, but beef is taboo. and the wet climate with it's abundonce of disease carrying insects make it difficult to slaughter and eat large animals in general.
Savannah near the large river: Mostly houses the main tropical civilisation. A deeply unegaletarian irrigation society, stretching throught the Savannah, but also steppes and desert, they consider themselves the pride of the region. The inhabitants of these lands tend to be very dark, tall and slender-boned. Cultivation of emmer, peas, gathering of salt in the desert, and raising of cattle allow for a healthy diet. Most fruits include dates, figs, barbary berries and smaller citruses. The upmost town control trade with the peoples of more moderate regions.
Open Savannah: Semi-nomadic or nomadic tribes roaming the land looking for grazing for their cattles, or prey to hunt. The lack of a stable water source make sedentariasation extremely difficult, if not impossible.
Savannah Island, central: Isolated, yet close to the continent, mostly lives a sea-farring lifestyle, mostly hunter-gatherers. Fruits and nuts make the rest of the diet, as well as many small bird species, larger and meatier thanks to insular gigantism, allow them to practice some raising of cattle in the form of tropical, oversized pigeons.
South-Western and Coast Peninsula Savannah: While still open, the nearby sea and mountains allow for a beginning of horticulture, and cold costal waters allow for abundant fisheries. These almost settled cultures, with a very reduced nomadism and beginings of horticulture. Highly interconnected with the small, central island, itself a popular destination of the River People.
North-Eastern Peninsula Savannah: more geographically isolated and has exeptionally low population density due to a lack of food source. Mostly wild, and with some isolated societies of hunter-gatherers, surviving of meat and grain, with occasional roots.
South-Eastern Island: Mostly sea-farring, nomadic, but with the begginings of raising of cattle, mostly birds raised for meat. Fish play a large part of their diet as well.
Eastern Steppes: Mostly coastal population living off fishing, raising cattles such as short-haired sheep and bovins and emmer cultivation, but frequently revert to nomadism due to frequent droughts. They often ressort to trade with other cultures, in hopes of getting additionnal food sources. The mountains allow for a greater supply of fresh water. Most vitamins come from algea or mountain berries.
Deserts: Mostly dominated by camel-mounted traders and merchants, but also "sand-pirates". No settled population, exept maybe in the rarest of oasis.
OMG I love your videos on world building
you came back... finally...
This channel is seriously underrated.
This helped me reaffirm my climate zones I made too, that I did from earth science and your currents video.
Cool!
Edgar looks so good. 10/10 man right there
WOAH just noticed this is your 100th video! Congrats!
Paldies-thanks from Riga, Latvis!
Okay I watched plate tectonics, ocean currents, and wind patterns. Now I’m back to watch this video. Thanks for the required ‘reading’ list
You blew my MIND with that image of South America's mountainous regions. I had never heard of Orthographic Lift!
I and my best friend have a years long between us world build that has been incorporating a lot of this stuff. Despite most of the map stuff having already been set down I still managed to follow geographical climates due to a geology minor in college. A fun thing to look at is soil types based on the local rocks and features, it'll influence crops, plant life, types of animals and culture, also a lot of trade routes in relation to ores, dirts, and precious stones. Soil PH and nutrient content has a lot of effect on farming techniques in any given area, just as much as access to water. (I'll reference the meme about a delicate rose vs a dandelion yelling at it about growing in a crack in the ground, I live in a region where roses are nearly weeds due to having the right soil composition for them, I had no concept of roses being delicate growing up due to the fact that the ones around my house are ~10x the size they should be and unkillable, while over in Europe they're happy to grow but the soil has different nutrients and thus they can be killed)We argue all the time over minute details but generally if @Artifexian has a vid out on the topic we will defer to it and side that direction. It's kept a lot of things in our relationship from blowing up spectacularly.
i feel so overwhelmed trying to do this. its so complicated
Beaut! This is much better than watching a tax compliance video with dinner.
Haha! I'd say so. :)
Wow, let's not over do it now. When I was ten I audited my parents, let just say there were some discrepencies, and I was grounded for a month.
Waiting for part two! This was very useful, like all the other videos in this series
This is the second time you’ve uploaded a video I needed the day I decide to work on the next part of my world map... thanks!
Thank you for making this content
No probs. Thank you for watching.
I created a sort of desert monsoon effect on my world. The equatorial/south tropical desert called the Malanash by the Felines heats up, and the winds blow towards the cool mountains inhabited by Felin Cotrunikh. During the Mountain winter, winds blow towards the range more, and during summer the winds follow a general prevailing wind pattern (towards the spiraltail lands on the equator). During the winter monsoons, red sand particles get blown through the air, making the sky a reddish-orange, thought to be the mark of the sun God’s distance, as it is similarly colored to a sunset.
That sounds like a really cool setup. I dig the cultural stuff you have created based on the geography. But the existence of tropical desert seems weird to me. Deserts will tend to be located right under high pressure zones like subtropical ridges not at the equator. Even if you have a convenient mountain range near the equator, it's rainshadow may be dry enough to have savannah but not so dry to allow for equatorial deserts.
Thinking about it as I write, you might be able to get away with an elevated plateau (drier conditions up high) that is the rain show of a large mountain range. If that makes sense. Don't know for sure if that would work but might be worth looking into.
Artifexian I realize now that it is near a high pressure band (it stretches from the equator to around 40° south in a supercontinent interior) and a rise near a Rift Valley. I’m glad you like my culture too! All this is making me want to show you where the desert is too. I just realized you have an Instagram can I send you a photo of the map?
Thanks for the link to World Anvil !
As always, an excellent video. I think you quite spoil us, and on that note:
When you're done with climate do you think you'll touch on biomes?
If you do I hope you redo vegetation. It was a good video, the one you already made, but I found it a bit lacking.
Again, loved the video, keep up the good work.
Really happy I finally watched this. Bout to hit up the entire series. This is helping immensely.
quick tip: at the equator, extreme elevations result in a more arid or even temperate climate, for example peru/ecuador or ethiopia
A new worldbuilding video was a good 20th birthday present.
Amazing.
An Artifexian video the same day as WorldBuilding Notes? Awesome!
I really need to work on my current world some more, I'm building it's map based on interactions between nations and events. Also the type of areas I want people to live, Region by region.
Brand new worldbuilding from Artifexian? Heck yes please!
Awesome. I've been doing this intuitively for years and gotten pretty far, but it's great to have a real guide out there.
There’s a lot to digest in this. I may need to watch it a few more times lol. Jesus Christ be with you friend.😊
Can't wait for part 2!
regarding areas with lots of fog it is probably worth mentioning fog forests are a thing namely the Redwood Forests of California and the tropical equivalent at higher altitudes but I understand leaving them out since they are complicated and are more or less the result of biological induced climatic variability. Cut down a fog forest and you will get coastal desert, savanna or Mediterranean climate since the trees themselves bring the moisture through combinations of emitted chemical/particulates for moisture nucleation
Regarding rain-forests it is worth mentioning that like fog forests their reach can extend past the typical margins due to biological feedbacks a good example of this is the amazon which is way larger than it could be based purely off of climate the climate based off this chart for much of the amazon would actually be Savanna which is why deforestation in rain-forests is so crippling in parts of the Amazon since the wet climate disappears once the trees are cut down resulting in savanna desert or monsoonal conditions.
Probably worth making a video all about forests or floral modified climates since those really have interesting applications to world building.
As an additional mention while situational it is worth pointing out that due to climatic variability induced by Milankovitch Cycles the strength and direction of Monsoons can shift. This was a particularly important element in human evolution since the strength of the West African Monsoon shifts every 20,000 years or so turning the Sahara wet and dry respectively. On a story timescale you can probably neglect this unless your setting is playing out over the transitional phase between the two states where it could have huge societal implications. Monsoonal shifts are also largely why there re so many people in the Arabian peninsula and middle east as well since people tend to get attached to land even after it becomes less hospitable so that is another aspect where monsoonal shifts could play a world building role.
I know you like to simplify stuff and drop off much of the more complicated details (which is probably sufficient for most people) but I find there can be great freedoms and potential in some of the nuances. ;)
UA-cam gods, please recommend me more of this kind of stuff.
Thanks a lot for this great video! Very useful material. Looking forward to the next one.
Coasts do not have "low" temperatures, they have "mild" temperatures, although what kind of sea current bathes those coasts matters a lot (that's why Newfoundland is much colder and less habitable than Ireland, but still has a milder climate than Manitoba or Minnesotta).
Hey, Jan Misali from Conlang Critic wants to do a crossover episode with you on base counting systems. You should check him out!
oh god oh fuck that would be amazing
Hey out of curiosity, and because I suck at conlanging, do you think any experienced conlangers would make their services available for a reasonable price? And what would a reasonable price be?
So far I've only managed the one decent one (by my standards, which are probably low), and really it's only good for naming. And I've read David Patterson's book, the art of language invention, like four times now. It's like Latin to me. I struggle to make sense of it.
Connor Johnson take that as a no. Oh well. Crazy how people don't like money.
Borslaw possibly. That would be cool
Holy shit this video is so well timed for me. Was just busy figuring out the climates of a new world i'm building
I curios as to why you didn't include the wet parts of the mountains slopes. Elevation is generally a good indicator of precipitation (if it is on the prevailing side) and while.you did talk about rainshadow you didn't apply the converse part of its effect, namely a wetter side on the mountains. Further 800m? That is really low, especially for the tropics.
How do you make all these wonderful animations? You use them nicely to explain complex concepts.
Thanks! Really needed that
You are awesome, I find your videos to be some of the most interesting on UA-cam, or anywhere tbh
Love this. Have been waiting for something like this since I started watching your videos a bit under a year ago!
Thank you so much for including the link to website, it's amazing
Make a fauna and flora desing guide video!
Small mistake: it’s orographic lift, not orthographic, although I love the subsequent pun (« orthographe » means « proper spelling » in French...). « Oro- » means « relief related ».
love your videos, if i may ask. one day would it be possible to do a full in depth video like this climate one and your other vidoes about a tidally locked earth like planet like building a tidally locked planet from the ground up ?, i know youve touched on tidal locked stuff a bit before. But try as i might i cannot find any good videos about tidally locked planets, and i know you could give a video like that great justice.
I may have to do this given the number of requests I get about it. Regardless, tidally locked planets will be a mention in the third video in this series. See the top line of the description for more info.
@@Artifexian My i add another tid bit to my above post of asking if one day you think you might do a full video of constructing a tidal locked planet. If that day ever comes maybe even have multiple Scenarios involving stars. Such as a Big Blue Giant, a Star like Sol, and a Small red dwarf would probably all have diffrenet effects based on brightness and generated heat and such. Also the idea of say a planet is tidally locked to 1 star in a binary system, where one side of the planet is always Day, and the other side of the planet has a day night cycle. I just think these types of different variables are interesting and such.
Very cool had never thought about this element to world crafting- thanks!
It adds a lot. For instance without the Monsoons that feed the Nile River ancient Egypt wouldn't have developed. And if it wasn't so surrounded by desert, a result of climate, it's history would probably be more like the Mesopotamia's marked with frequent outside invasions.
In many ways societies our shaped by their environment including climate.
The moonsoon part is a bit off. For example, there should be a large moonsoon area west and south of your big eastern mountain range.
The ITCZ travels around depending on the position of continents. The Sun hits the tropics the hardest in summer, so if it’s land, it’s going to be the hottest place in the world, so that’s where the ITCZ should be. If it’s water, the ITCZ will instead align to where land is closest south of there, or to the equator if there’s no land, because water doesn’t change temperature so quickly, as you said.
Another thing to keep in mind is that when the wind “wants” to hit the ITCZ, but the ITCZ is far beyond the equator, it will have to turn and go in the reverse direction.
Equatorial forests can form far from the equator, as far as the tropics. It will form where it’s hot enough and about constantly hit by warm humid winds.
One of your mountainranges looks like Slovakia.
XD
Where on the Earth is Worldbuilding: How To Design Realistic Climates 2?
It's probably not out, yet
Gotta love when Mushoku Tensei's author had to canonically state in story that: "no, the climate doesn't make sense, its probably magic" 20 volumes in.
That was pretty fascinating.
God... That beard... Its... Beautiful..
Why thank you. :)
I HAVE WAITED SO LONG!! Thank you!!!!
Curse you Edgar and your only-on-weekdays upload schedule that makes me unable to watch your videos as soon as they air.
He’s really doing it
This was almost perfect for me except the fact that my map is taking place a lot further away from the equatorial zone. So now I am eagerly waiting for part 2 when it will be more relevant for me