What is Ontology & Epistemology?: In the Context of Designing your Research Project -Free PowerPoint
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- Опубліковано 19 чер 2024
- The following topics were covered:
1. The Basic Principles of Research Design
2. Ontology
3. Epistemology
4. The Role of the Researcher
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Thank you for sharing this informative educational video, Doc Levz! I’m glad to know more about how a researcher’s philosophical views of reality influence the entire research process. Perhaps my most important take-away from your talk is that, prior to designing research, one should consider how the propose study would fit in the bigger picture of the world- specifically how you perceive it, and how you choose to investigate it. Therefore, there should be a coherence between one’s philosophical view of reality (whether is it pre-existing, subjective, etc.) and the manner or process in which one intends to investigate it. In other words, one’s research methodology, should be related to the philosophical underpinnings of the paper. I find this new insight very much helpful in designing research proposals. Thank you again, sir!
I was one of the students who did not fully understand what research is until the new curriculum was introduced. Research was not a thing in my time, or maybe I was just unfortunate enough to not be able to learn research in my earlier studies. Now, I am already a teacher, and I am sometimes tasked to teach research. This video helped me deepen my understanding about research. Honestly, I was not able to fully grasp what this subject is all about, but I think I begin to understand it now because of this video.
The discussions on ontology and epistemology helped me understand the different philosophies and views that the researchers employ in their studies. It made me realize that the true beginning of learning should be taught from the roots first. I wonder why these ideals were not introduced to me before in my studies. I am so thankful for this wonderful video. I really learned a lot.
It is true that we have different truths, that is why, as said, it is important to describe our truths through research. This will give more weight to our decisions, for policy makers to be guided on their policies, and for people to benefit from the research studies we conduct. This video made a huge impact in me. I am now more inclined to do research. Thanks to you doc, and please, make more videos. You help so many in this platform.
im really enjoying this. now is the 2nd time listening. assignment. thank you
this will help me with my
My learnings from the video on ontology and epistemology in the context of designing a research project:
Ontology and epistemology are essential philosophical concepts that underpin research design and methodology.
Ontology refers to the researcher's assumptions about the nature of reality and existence, while epistemology refers to the researcher's assumptions about how knowledge is acquired. It is important to explicitly state your ontology and epistemology when designing your research project to ensure that you are using appropriate methods to answer your research questions. Overall, the video provides a comprehensive introduction to ontology and epistemology and their implications for research design, and it can be helpful for anyone who wants to understand these concepts better. Thank you very much Doc Levi for this video.
I am a fan of a qualitative research. Most of my studies (conducted, presented and published) are more into qualitative research method. Though I can say that I am used to it already, but there are still questions in my mind especially in imploring these so called "philosophical stances". This presentation helped me unlearn, learn and relearn on how we utilize ontology and epistemology as the philosophies that we will anchored with. I realize that both philosophies are essential in qualitative and quantitative research but there are things that we need to take into account. One example is if we employ the social constructivist philosophy. It is not just about what informants said, but we need to consider also their feelings, emotions and their non-verbal ques. However, regardless of what approach or philosophy you are using, at the end of your research the main question there is that were you able to answer your research questions? Were you able to address the gap that you'd like to address?
Thank you for this Dr. Levi!
Thank you! Your explanation was the best that I have heard.
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you very much for this comprehensive video, Doc. Levz!! It gives me an understanding about on how we view the research based on understanding the nature of reality and truth. I believe this is a basic principle that a researcher must put in mind before making a comprehensive study. These guiding principles will help the researcher the path he/she going to take based on reality, validity and consistency on the pressing issue of the society today. As to my point, I think its only the role of researcher to answer the research question but we need to understand that collective data and findings could help the society on understanding the truth and do something about it. Again, thank you Doc Levz and see you tomorrow with more meaningful learning from you. Love lots
Aside from being helpful in conduting researches, this video discussion has a more personal effect/impact on me. This made me re-evaluate myself on where do I really stand as a person and not just as a researcher. As I watched and listened further, I got hooked and interested. It made me do a self-check especially when it comes to the decisions I made in the past, how I view things before and now, and what I would want to become in the future. For a minute, I paused the video, had my eyes closed and just simply absorb the information I have just heard.
The discussion on ontology did impact me a lot. I even reached to a point where I asked myself which of the four views I used or am using at present. After listening to the discssion, I got a bit of an understanding why people act and behave in a way different from mine. It all boils down on the kind of lens we use to view the world - whether as an extreme realist or a nominalist.
As for epistemology, it actually helped me better understand why I was inclined/interested in doing quantitative more than qualitative research. I was not really a fan of the qualitative researches of my students before simply because most of them were prone to biases and were mostly opinion-based. I thought then that different people may have different opinions and so there is no absolute truth in there. In fact, the results of the research may even be subjective and not applicable to all situations. So why do it? Because of this discussion, my eyes were opened to the reality that I am more inclined to being a positivist/realist and that explains why I felt the way I did before. Those things in the past now made sense to me and having this kind of realization would truly help and guide me.
At the end, I had come to realize where I really stand as a person and perhaps what path I would want to take as a future researcher. However, I am still open to a possibility that things may change along the way. Hopefully when that day comes, I wish to watch this video once more. :-)
Hi, Doc Levz! This is Benedict your doctoral student at CNU. First of all, I truly appreciate your advocacy and passion in teaching. With that being said, allow me to share my insights:
Ontology and epistemology influence how researchers approach knowledge, interpret reality, and choose the best study methods, which shapes the foundation of research. To choose the best procedures for their studies, researchers must reflect on these philosophical viewpoints and connect them with their research objectives. Moving forward, these insights will really help me in crafting my research and dissertation with profound basis of choosing the right philosophical stances aligning with the research design and methods. Thank you and Godspeed!
Thank you so much, Doc Levz, for the comprehensive discussion about the basic principles of research design, focusing on Ontology (the nature of reality) and Epistemology (what can be known or the origin of knowledge). It somehow opened the minds of the viewers of this video to simply question reality. Ideally, research design should always be aligned with the purpose of the study. This made me realize to ask the question, “How can I possibly actualize this in my future studies?” Further investigation has been conducted on this question, attempting to verify the inquiry. This has led to the idea that what is set as the standard or written in books about something serves as the ideal, while what is happening around us is reality. In the context of education, for example, teachers should ideally teach subjects aligned with their field of specialization, but in reality, this does not always happen with some public and private school teachers. This highlights the role of researchers in bridging the gap between the ideal and reality. With this understanding, interventions such as additional and enrichment training for assigned subjects might be necessary. This realization emerged from the connection between research design and the purpose of the study, and how these designs can be actualized in research. Once again, thank you so much, Doc Levz.
The Truth is what is experientially relevant, logically consistent and empirically adequate ..
Thank you so much for letting us watch this video sir. This enlightens me to pause for a while and introspect. It is highly important to know your life's perspective and align it with your research motivation. I can still remember when a teacher in college shared to the class, " Your research topic must be something that you feel strongly about." I can connect it with this video since, I need to know more about my why's in research.
In my master's degree, I am really fond of quantitative researches since it is more convenient. However, I have observed that in my doctorate journey, I am loving more the qualitative research methods since it allows me to hear different stories in a closer lens.
Thus, I can say that self-discovery is a continuous process. As a researcher, you need to be sensitive on your personal stands and principles before you'll decide on the research methods that you'll use. In addition, seeking balance between passion and objectivity is also very important factor to be considered.
Doc Levi's discussion is very comorehensive and informative. This greatly helped me fully understand the key concepts of ontology and epistemology and how they are related and useful in determining the research design to engage in. I learned that when a researcher is in realism, one is objective and use quantitative research design in order to know the reality of things. On the other hand, if a researcher is more on relativist, qualitative research design fits the method by gathering information or data from the different points of view, perceptions, and feelings of the people to know the reality from people subjetive view. Thank you for this shared knowledge, Doc Levi.❤😊
Thank you for this doc. It's so enlightening how Ontology and Epistemology can be used as our philosophical standpoint as we venture a research project. It is so important to know all these because once we do research we always take a philosophical stance because it guides the direction of our study. It is also very informative as it discussed in details ontology and four schools under it and in the same way how epistemology is discussed.
Being a mathematics major, I lean towards quantitative research - a realist-positivist stance. This position ontologically believes that there is a singular reality, and it exists independently of the human, epistemologically emphasizes that reality can be measured, thus the need for valid and reliable tools. In contrast, the video also made me realize that some research problems could be best investigated using qualitative research methods - a relativist-social-constructionist stance. This position ontologically posits that there is no singular reality and that it is socially constructed, epistemologically argues that reality needs to be interpreted, and methodologically approaches the acquisition of knowledge in a qualitative way.
However, towards the end, the video emphasized that these positions have its advantages and disadvantages. Qualitative research alone may miss out some important aspects of a bigger problem, and quantitative research alone may miss out the significant experiences of individuals caused by a bigger problem. With this, I think it is also important to look into mixed methods research - which employed methods from both ends of the spectrum.
In conclusion, I realized that the selection of design for a research project should be anchored on the research questions you wish to shed light on, and the reality or realities you wish to capture.
Thanks, Doc Levi, for your insights. I learned a lot.
The conception of my research during graduate studies and college years was from a suggestion given by my teacher and curiosity. I also patterned my research from an existing one. With these experiences, I thought that research starts with a topic and can further be completed after reading similar research and using them as models. After watching the video about Ontology and Epistemology, I learned a very important step that can be added in the research process and that is knowing your principle of research design. Sometimes, researchers tend to slip in their minds this step as what happened to me because of the idea that we can pattern our research from existing research and of course lack of knowledge as well.
How do you know your principle of research design? First is you need to assess yourself on how you view the world or reality. Are you a kind of person who believed that there is a single truth which can’t be changed and can be uncovered through objective experiment? Or do you believe in multiple truths or in the idea that truth can be evolved and changed depending on someone’s experiences? Ontology will actually help us answer these questions. Another important thing to consider is to know how you would like to see the truth. Do you like to see it from the outside? Or from the inside? The answers to these questions will be elaborated in epistemology. The two principles are actually connected in a way that what you believe in the nature of the truth will dictate what kind of relationship you would like to have with whatever is being studied.
I have realized that knowing your principle of research design will help you become a real and grounded researcher. Also, if the research is conceived from the researcher’s principle, the journey of conducting it will be lighter and more natural.
This video provides a discussion of what approach to take when conducting research as well as a clear outline of the philosophical principles upon which we should base our contribution to the creation of research. As a teacher and researcher, this has motivated me to accept other people's perceptions of reality and to realign my goals with my personal philosophy of life. This serves as a wonderful reminder to constantly pursue objectivity while also accepting and respecting subjectivity around us.
As an individual who values research and loves to learn more about it, this video gives me enlightenment on the principles and philosophies in designing my own research. It’s important to be reminded that the very purpose of conducting research is to solve real-life problems and the problem itself dictates on what philosophical stance to bunk on and adapt. Nothing comes easy in doing research. I’ve realized that it is necessary to check my own philosophical beliefs in conceptualizing and in conducting research as my views as a researcher on reality and knowledge will have an impact and to be reminded not to influence and to always uphold the integrity of the results of my study. Thank you Doc Levz.
Thank you, Doc Levi for this excellent UA-cam video. It was indeed a useful tool for a novice researcher like me to strengthen my skills and knowledge in the field. I always thought of research; or even just thinking of a research topic based on the problems observed. I always view research as something that would answer questions, without thinking of imploring and adjusting on to the philosophical stands that I believe in. Through this video, I also realized that our philosophical stance or views impacts our journey in doing research. I was also an "aha" moment for me, realizing that even the use of our research methods can also be based on the different beliefs. Understanding the concept or Ontology and Epistemology can help as navigate and sets direction into our respective research field of interests.
This video material is a significant learning resource for all students, teachers, and scholars.
Every human has his/her own concept of reality and its existence. As a student who is engaged in research, learning about ontology and epistemology helps me discover and understand my biases in terms of research. It made me realize the complexity of trying to explain the existing phenomena present in the surroundings. Furthermore, I believe that there is no such thing as the best method or research design. There is no such concept that positivism is superior to social constructivism or pragmatism or vice versa. I believe that there are limitations to each epistemology and all of them do not claim monopoly or dominance in terms of use. Instead, they complement each other. Nevertheless, reality can be observed and examined directly, or it can also be understood through the emerging feelings, beliefs, and thoughts of an individual (Bararzon, 2021).
Thank you very much, Doc Levi for this very useful learning material. May your tribe multiply. God bless you, Doc..
Thank you very, very much. I understand these concepts so much better now! What a relief. Very helpful for my assignment.
Simplified and well explained!
Such a great help.
The video focuses on how you view reality, how you know if it is real and investigate if its real.
Many years ago, ipad and phones were not real to people- they were not even possible. Now, talking to your loved ones from other side of the earth is as simple as 1-2-3. These things are happening now because people tend to imagine it, and if they can, it becomes real.
How do you know if something, everything, is real? You make it real for yourself. If you believe in something, you try to prove it and make it happen. Reality is that which can be measured and demonstrated to be actual regardless of belief.
It is like saying that you have a dream that you are flying. Is your dream "real"? Of course, your dream is real, but that does not mean that you can fly. Your dream exists in a very closed system of reality that is only accessible to you while you are asleep
Another point in the video is that what is your role as a researcher. In life we are the navigator of our own rout. We set where we are heading and decide what road to take. We gather data, investigate, and try to prove what we believe is real.
Therefore, we live in every day that exists somewhere in between the "objective reality of things" and the "subjective reality of experience". They are all reality, but some realities are more real than others because we believed in it and take a step to make it happen.
Thank you for this lecture, Dr. Barazon. I have been out of the graduate school classroom as a student but pursuing research in a much more comfortable field outside of quantitative research for more than ten years now but this lecture has given me so much insights into treading on unfamiliar but challenging territory. From this lecture, I learned that ontology and epistemology are two fundamental philosophical concepts that play a crucial role in shaping the research design and approach of any study. In the context of research, they provide the framework for understanding the nature of reality and how knowledge is acquired.
It is very important to view ontology and epistemology in research design because it shapes the entire research process, from the formulation of research questions and hypotheses to data collection, analysis, and interpretation. It also influences the role of the researcher in the research process, as well as ethical considerations and the generalizability of findings.
Ultimately, the selection of ontological and epistemological positions should align with the research objectives and the nature of the phenomenon being studied. It's important for researchers to be transparent about their chosen stances, as this allows readers to critically evaluate the research's methodology and the validity of its findings. By acknowledging the philosophical underpinnings of their work, researchers can contribute to a richer and more nuanced understanding of their research field.
This video just widen my perspectives to research. Honestly, everything in this video is really helpful on us, researchers. It's just amazing to know that we are not doing research just because of "research" but there is an underlying basis on them and that is our innate curiosity of knowing the "truth" and reality as explained in ontology and epistemology. For me, as a mathematics teacher, I am more inclined to do the positivist/quantitative research but I always believe in the power of qualitative research in explaining things. As I learned, quantitative research may let you experience and explain the surface of the ocean but it is the qualitative research that will let you understand the beauty of its depth and its grandeur. so I am more on mixed methods researches. With this video, I now understand more on the why's of my approach to research. It all could relate to my perception to reality. Thanks for this Doc Levz. :)
Super thanks Doc Levz. Now I realized the relationship of the four schools of thought to the research project that I’m currently working on. Very well explained doc Levz. Continue creating an impact to the global community and this legacy of yours really will create a ripple. Thanks for spreading knowledge and wisdom as fast as entertainment.
#toGodbetheglory
Learning about ontology and epistemology in research has been a profound journey of understanding the very essence of how knowledge is constructed and interpreted. Ontology, with its exploration of the nature of reality and existence, has opened my eyes to the fundamental question of what truly exists in the research domain, challenging me to critically examine assumptions and perspectives. Epistemology, on the other hand, has been a fascinating exploration of how we come to know and justify our knowledge claims, shedding light on the various lenses through which researchers perceive and interpret the world.
It was just now that I was clarified with the differences among the schools of ontology and the two variations of epistemology. I was clarified, through this video, that a realist also believes in positivist epistemology which would result to a quantitative data in research. This only means that researchers of this kind would attempt to uncover the truth by themselves. On the other hand, a relativist would support a social constructivist epistemology which would result to a qualitative data in research. This also means that the researchers of this kind would be interested in exploring different people’s ideas of the truth.
In application to my thesis during my masters, I realized that I had employed a relativist ontology with a social constructivist epistemology because I was able to discover the truth by analyzing the transactions - in a form of written discourses - created by my participants in their social media accounts. In relation to my research topic, netiquette, I discovered that it was not justifiably practiced by my respondents because the reality that they have created in their posts were contradictory to the reality presented as netiquette rules set by different scholarly articles and personas.
Furthermore, it is through this video of Dr. Levi that I was clarified with the difference between primary and secondary data. Where, primary data came from the personal pursuit of the researcher (e.g. transcripts and surveys gathered by the researcher himself) while secondary data were just taken by somebody else (e.g. data-mining). Hence, I owe these new discoveries and knowledge from this educational video made by Dr. Levi. I hope to gain more knowledge relevant to research studies through his e-learning initiatives. Thank you so much sir! 😊💌
Thanks a lot for your video and your explanation. Really made it easy for the audience. Appreciate it!
The video presents the importance of ontological and epistemological perspectives in research. As for me, a teacher and a future researcher, it made me realize that in life, your perspectives must be align with what you wanted to achieve for yourself so that you will have a direction and full understanding of what you are trying to seek. Also, with all the truths that had been established and with the things that I believed for myself, it is very important to make balance in understanding objective and subjective realities.
Thank you for this, doc. I do appreciate ontological and epistemological perspectives as philosophical standpoints in research. Also, the importance of being objective in the interpretation of our data as a researcher. Great job! 👍👍
Hello, Doc Levz! First of all I would like to thank you for sharing such an informative and educational video! I truly appreciate gaining insights into how a researcher's philosophical perspectives shape the entire research process. A key takeaway from your video lecture is the importance of considering, before embarking on research design, how the proposed study aligns with the broader worldview - particularly one's own perception and chosen approach to investigation.
This topic suggest that there should be coherence between an individual's philosophical stance on reality - whether it's grounded in pre-existing notions or subjective interpretations - and the methodology employed in the research process. Simply put, the research methodology should be intricately tied to the philosophical foundations underpinning the study. This realization greatly aids in crafting more robust and meaningful research proposals.
Once again, thank you for sharing your insights, sir!
Thank you for making and sharing this. To me it is a great stepping stone to further dig into the different branches of ontology and epistemology.
"Be internally consistent!" This is the statement that really struck me.
I would say that being a Science teacher, I shared the same ideas with that of a realist and a positivist because I am trained to it and that is just how Science works. It doesn't need someone's opinion but someone's experimentation as a proof of the truth. I am a person who prefers being objective rather than being subjective. And that no one can bend the truth because it exists whether I am aware of it or not. The truth is just out there waiting to be revealed by experimentation. That's why I learn to love research because I consider research as a way of revealing the truth that is yet to be uncovered.
But after listening to this discussion it made me think to explore more the side of a relativist and a social constructionist. I am so intrigued with the idea that "facts depend on the viewpoint of the observer". Which is exactly the opposite of my viewpoints right now. While listening, it really made me question the relativist and a social constructionist viewpoint because I find it hard doing research with such a mindset or viewpoints. But on the other hand, I want to go out of my shell and explore the other side of the spectrum which I am not used to. I want to be surrounded with people who consider themselves as relativists and social constructionists and listen to how they conduct research based on their viewed reality.
To end my insights, I would leave a question to those who will be reading this comment - as a researcher is it necessary to choose one from the other or to be flexible and do both ends of the spectrum?
As you answer my question, I will continue to reflect on the idea of “be internally consistent” as a researcher.
Indeed I learned a lot from this discussion and it made reflect my core values.
Very clear and concise explanation on Ontology and Epistemology, Dr. Levs. You were the first professor to enlighten me on this matter and I am really glad to be one of your students. Now I am certain, as a researcher, that I am on the right path because the philosophies that you have mentioned are just subtlely embedded in my mental frame! Thank you so much doc. This is indeed a very substantial and informative input for me because unravelling the meaning of philosophy can be too complex! Keep on uploading very informative and helpful videos doc! Cheers!
I actually watched the video multiple times just so I could have a clear grasp of ontology and epistemology, and its importance in conducting and writing our research.
To simply put, ontology is the “what” - “What do I know? What is the reality? What is happening in my surrounding? What are the relationships of the different components in my surrounding?”. Further, under ontology, there is an objective reality or there is a single truth to everything or everyone (realist perspective) and there is the relativist perspective which sees the world to be subjective and flexible because it can be shaped by our own feelings, beliefs, and interpretations (multiple realities). This made me reflect, am I a realist or relativist? As a researcher, I think I am both a realist and relativist because I wanted to explore and discover new knowledge utilizing both perspectives.
On the other hand, epistemology is the “how” - “How do I study the world? How do I approach the different components in my surroundings? How do I know the truth? How can I generate knowledge about the world?”. In the video I have learned that the “how” will depend on the objective of the researcher: does the researcher want to measure, test, and experiment something using scientific rules, tools and designs (quantitative research) or does the researcher want to explain and interpret people’s behavior, knowledge and realities (qualitative research)?
After listening to this very comprehensive discussion, I have come to a conclusion that ontology and epistemology shape our research philosophy. Further, I have come to understand that I should start with knowing ontology and epistemology for they are essential foundations in writing research as they both serve as a ground in framing the research topic, choosing the best research procedure and communicating our research findings coherently, precisely, and accurately.
While watching the video Ontology and Epistemology, I also engaged in self-reflection regarding my philosophical stance and I realized that I am more of a relativist and leaning more towards social constructivism. Despite having conducted quantitative research primarily because of my exposure to this method, I now understand why I find conducting focus group discussions/interviews to triangulate the results of my studies tend to be more satisfying than merely having the quantitative results. Watching this video has helped me understand myself more as a researcher, and moving forward, I hope to use this newly acquired knowledge when designing my future research projects. Thank you Doc Levi for a very comprehensive discussion!
Thank you, Doc Levi, for navigating these complex concepts to providing clear explanations that help me grasp the foundational principles of research. I particularly appreciated its ability to connect these abstract ideas to real-world examples, making the subject matter both accessible and engaging.
The discussion compelled me to revisit my philosophical stance in research if I ever had one (consciously). Because every time I write research, I never really give much thought to the philosophical foundations of research. I thought that so long as I can think of a research topic, and apply an appropriate method or design, then that's it. I rewatched the video 4 times to really get a grasp of the speaker's insights. Now that I understand the role of ontology and epistemology in research, I will try my best to always go back to it in every research endeavor that I will pursue in the future so as to increase the probability of being able to write a better paper. Thank you, Doc Levi.
While watching the video, I was asked the questions "How do I view reality and how does it affect my research?"
I view reality in a positivist way but I also believe that realities should be supported by how people accept/experience these realities by knowing their perceptions, feelings and experiences. And because of this point of view, it affects how I do my research procedures and data analysis. With this, I use mixed method research design where I gather and analyse numerical data but also incorporating the views/ experiences of participants to support the quantitative data gathered.
By this experience and with this video, I realize the importance of determining the researcher's "viewpoint" towards reality since this is the "holy grail" or the "most important piece" in order to identify the kind of research the researcher would like to investigate, to know the research methodology and to pinpoint the appropriate research methods to use.
To sum up, the discussion helps me to appreciate the beauty of epistemology, ontology and most importantly, the different points of view of the researchers. It aids me not only to design a good research project but also to pinpoint the gaps among all other "realities" that exist.
The video is very interesting because I never really expected that these philosophical theories can actually be associated with Research. This is also an eye-opener as I relate how I did my Masters thesis to these realities.
Going into the details, I have come to realize that in the 2 main schools of Epistimology, I am more into the Positivist side. I believe that there is an existing truth out there. They are independent regardless of how others would perceive it. It is like a treasure that awaits to be discovered. The truth in this world awaits as the researchers try to explore and discover it.
This makes me understand deeper how being objective in conducting research is a need. I remember when I had my thesis, I also conducted observation of children with special needs and SPED teachers. I tried my best to really do it objectively, so I can find the truth about my study.
Therefore, as researchers, the way we conduct our research is highly associated with how we perceive our reality.
From this video i was able to understand that ontology addresses questions about the nature of reality, while epistemology addresses questions about the nature of knowledge and how it is acquired. Besides, i also see that both ontology and epistemology are essential considerations when designing research, as they shape the research approach to understanding and studying subject matter.
Thank you, Dr. Levi, for providing a thorough explanation of what Ontology and Epistemology are and how they relate to how we conduct research and investigations. The video taught me the importance of consistency when conducting research. Quantitative design, for instance, employs the positivist approach and views reality as objective or as already existing; qualitative design, on the other hand, employs the social constructionist approach and views reality as subjective to many, with multiple truths depending on how each individual perceives it. As a realist and relativist, I am able to accept both of these philosophical positions. Why? Because I need to see both viewpoints to comprehend the truth thoroughly. The positivist approach can offer generalizations, whereas the social constructionist approach can provide a detailed description of the nature of certain objects.
From the discussion, I can say that ontological and epistemological stances serve as a compass, guiding your entire research process-from formulating questions to interpreting results involving the different phases in conducting a research project or a study.
Ontology refers to our understanding of reality, the nature of existence, and what truly exists in the world. The ontological stance influences how we define research questions, select variables, and interpret findings and consider whether we believe in an objective reality or if reality is socially constructed.
And epistemology deals with knowledge, how we acquire it, and what counts as valid knowledge. Epistemology shapes the research methodology and data collection. It is more like whether we lean toward positivism (objective, empirical knowledge) or constructivism (subjective, socially constructed knowledge).
How we perceive reality, fitting and seeing the bigger picture of it and choosing how to investigate it is what ontology all about. On the other hand, the quest of knowledge which comes from simple realities around and making it into an original, historic, formal, practical and relative to us as people is what epistemology all about.
Our beliefs, ideas and perception may somehow affect to varied matters that we do. Just as how educators believe that his or her way of effective teaching teaching may not be effective or true to other educators or to other content and context of the subject matter. Thus, one may research to justify his/her belief or inquiry that it is a certain strategy in teaching is effective or not through experiment. From there he or she can the facts that displays and exists as reality. However, a teacher may have their own viewpoint and beliefs of a certain strategy that they employ. Hence, reality can be relative. To justify this, we need to get their perception, opinions and ideas that may reveal positive experiences and challenges. Patterns of thoughts and ideas according to their own learning experiences can be derived. Hence, as a researcher, we conduct interviews or surveys with corresponding related constructs that will confirm agreeable and disagreeable a certain context can be. Indeed, this is what makes a researcher more of a social constructionist.
We may be a positivist or social constructionist in such a way that we are guided by being objective at all times-positivist. However, as social beings, we need to consider what is reality in a practical manner which they are currently living and experiencing. This can only be justified and derived from the different social being around us through their lived opinions, behaviours, experiences and perceptions-social constructionist.
In conducting a research, it is imperative then to be clear on what your stance in a certain study and how would you want to investigate reality. Whether it be quantitative or qualitative which follows ontological stand on how one can view the reality of being and you as a researcher tries to understand and justify it by choosing to be positivist or social constructionist.
Upon viewing this UA-cam video,I've come to realize that reality molds epistemology, and determines how knowledge is obtained and subsequently impacts the choice of research paradigm, whether it can be positivism, interpretive, or even critical theory.
Thank you very much, this video is an eye opener and very much informative. God bless you Doc.
Thank you Doc Levi! The video has added to my knowledge on the very important foundations in attacking critical analytical studies in choosing idea or subject of inquiry in a research. I realized that it is equally important to have a philosophical stance on which perspective a researcher has in choosing a topic for research, on which I infer I am more of a realist. ❤❤❤❤
Thank you, Doc Levi. As I went through the lecture, I realized that most of us are just focus on what we usually see. We just tend to ask the difference between methods and methodology (study of methods) where our assumptions , decisions, and research questions are involved. But somehow, we could not fully grasp the root of these questions.
I was actually thinking what beliefs do I have in relation to my research interests. I realized that I am actually a realist and positivist. I somehow believe that there is one truth. I would come up with an intellectual guess and will try to prove or disprove it. I'm into obejctive approaches where I can make measurements and draw conclusions out of it.
Maybe it would reflect why I prefer quantitative research methods to qualitative :) But I'm learning gradually towards qualitative research. Thank you, Doc.
Thank you Doc. Your clear explanations of these two topics helped me to better understand them.
Thank you for this. Just learned that when planning research, it's essential to clarify one's ontological and epistemological assumptions. These assumptions deeply influence the entire research process, including how researchers shape their research questions, choose methodologies, and interpret findings. Ontology and epistemology guide decisions about the most suitable research methodologies and data collection methods. They also shape researchers' perspectives on what constitutes valid knowledge. In essence, ontology and epistemology provide foundational frameworks that support the research journey, empowering researchers to make well-informed decisions at each stage of their investigation.
The significant role of a researcher in knowledge generation starts with self-awareness. The two philosophical stances in designing a research project discussed in this video lecture made me reflect on my introductory statement. Let me share with you my three insights about this matter.
1. The preferred school of thought that a particular researcher wants to follow lies in his values and beliefs. By watching the video lecture, I realized that people, not only researchers, are anchored by these beliefs and values in perceiving reality. It is one of the reasons why we have different perspectives or viewpoints about societal issues or even about perceiving life in general. Now, it is noteworthy that our differences make life exciting yet challenging. In research, for example, these diverse philosophical positions allow the generation of knowledge through a never-ending cycle which I believe is how life should be and research (hehe).
2. Researchers are human beings and therefore have biases and preferences. This insight is connected to number one, which still talks about beliefs. Laypeople must also understand that researchers are not robots and are prone to errors due to their biases. If only some researchers were aware of their partiality and preconceived notions, it must not affect how they view the research goal. This awareness should be their basis for becoming more objective (if they venture into quantitative research) and more responsibly subjective (if they want to explore qualitative research).
3. Although the first step that a researcher should take to contribute to knowledge generation is knowing oneself, the endpoint should be to know others. The research results are not only for our consumption (as researchers) but for the community. And how do we help the community? It is by knowing them! Regardless of our philosophical stance, at the end of the day, we have the same goal - to help.
I am a neophyte in research, and because of this reflection (out from watching this video lecture), I am confident to move forward and help myself and others. Thank you. 😊
good explanation doc. thank you.
Reality is constant and how it evolve or change depends on the way we perceive things and the way we respond to these changes. Being positivist, realist or constructivist or a mixture of these principles really matter and to prove that the reality that exists is the reality in its real sense and it is just out there or right here; however, to unveil them through using our own frame of mind is not enough, we have to discover peculiar methods or ways through experiments of ones experience something unique that the how and why is indispensable. Everything must rest on the real ground of truth. Thanks doc Levz for stimulating my thoughts and ideas based on your vivid discussion on this topic.
When I saw the title of this video, I asked myself, "What is the use of Ontology and Epistemology when these terms I only encountered in my Philosophy class? How does it affect my research work today and in the future?
After watching the video, I realized the very important role of these two philosophical concepts. Ontology helps me as a researcher on how certain I can be above the nature and existence of objects I am dealing with, how do I deal with different and conflicting ideas of reality? How do I deal with biases in my research? On the other hand, epistemology can influenced me as a researcher in my attempt to discover knowledge, to unravel the answer in my research problem.
It is indeed very important to examine the key points that can affect the conduct of research. These philosophical concepts help me as a researcher to reveal the assumption about my research study.
The video gave me an idea that when making a study, one must have an aim or goal as to what is to be achieved or purpose. The study must be guided with truth and its relevant objectives. This video gave me also an emphasis what is the differences between ontology and epistemology that I believe would be of great help when conducting studies in the future.
This is very well explained. Thank you.
Thank you for this informative video, Doc. I realized that in order for a study to make sense, researchers must be able to establish connections among its various parts and elements. Moreover, specifying the lens through which a study looks into a particular phenomenon or problem allows the researcher and the readers to have focus and better understanding. Doing so also provides a foundation for the role of the researcher.
Thank you Doc. My topic assignment is Epistemology. This video is very enlightening and will help significantly help me start right as we are now in Qualitative Research subject to prepare us to make a concept paper and later to continue with what I choose to do my thesis. I will follow your other videos on research design. Doc. God bless.
Thanks for this simplified explanation Doc Levz...I have encountered before these topics, however, they seemed to be still vague for me. With this, through research, we can insist and prove the reality.
This is a comprehensive explanation and a clear guide on what should be our appropriate approach every time we conduct research and the philosophical stands of which we should anchor our contribution for the generation of new knowledge. As a researcher, this has inspired me as well to realign my aspirations with my philosophy in life and to respect other people's view of the world and of reality . A great reminder also for me to be always seeking objectivity as much as possible but also to accept and respect subjectivity around me. Thank you very much professor. ------Jeneveb Malusay 😊
I now clearly understand what is Ontology and Epistemology in research.
I learned that Ontology is the philosophical study of being - of what makes something real. Realism, Internal Realism, Relativism, and Nominalism are schools of ontology. These schools are fighting for their own truth - reality.
For me truth is truth. It is like when you have a problem, you already know deep inside the answer of it but you ask someone for help because you want to hear and ask someone how to face or answer the problem.
I just know that a researcher should anchor his/her stand of his/her truth, in my experience, I just do the research not thinking about my stand of the truth. I'm doing it because of the necessity and not because of curiosity. In this discussion, I am enlightened that I should have my somewhat what we call "truth". It is really amazing to learn these things again on a deeper note.
Thank you very much Doc Levz, this video is comprehensive and very much informative. God bless you Doc. I now understand the principles of research design...Nice topic. God bless more doc.
This video is quite helpful. It explains well the difference between ontology and epistemology. I learned that in conducting research, choosing a paradigm is just as important as choosing your topic. I hope in the next video, it will be about research methodology specific for each paradigm. Thank you, sir!
very helpful in understanding the topic. thank you.
Another bunch of learning struck me after watching this lecture. I like philosophy-related thoughts.
From listening to the class, I came across the schools of ontology, which seem new to my schema. In connection with research, humans study things and phenomena around us because we have mixed beliefs and attitudes toward the so-called truth. We wish to unfold the reality for when we achieve such a goal; it feels free - from uncertainties and anything that control our happiness and satisfaction in life generally. We seek truth and the answers to the mysteries life is showing us. We strive for our ikigai-our primary purpose of existence.
The population may vary in opinions and views of reality, yet each can cooperate to form a generally accepted truth. As researchers, biases are inevitable but can be controlled. To escape from dilemmas in research, there is a need to be objective in dealing with the tasks. With these branches of philosophy ( epistemology and ontology), we understand what we want to explore and how we approach finding answers to our research questions.
Finally, both epistemology and ontology are distinct from each other yet are inseparable fields in research. Because the absence of the former affects the latter and vice versa. They mean that the understanding of what is to be known comes from the ability to understand.
Definition of reality depends on person's perspective. Individuals are diverse so with his or her perspective about reality. The different main schools under ontology and epistemology have given me the idea on the possible point of view to adopt. That the method, sources of data and role of the researcher should anchor the philosophical stance that would best fit my point of view while doing the research. This would help me decide to the possible method that I should employ so that answers on how or why the study is conducted will be answered. Thanks again Doc Levi for this video lesson.
This short video lecture provides substantial information on the context of designing research projects. I have learned that to ensure that the study is set up effectively, ontology is tasked with building the paradigm that will generate a healthy conceptual approach to the research. Epistemology, on the other hand, is tasked with analyzing the elements that will restrict the analysis of the research. One must acknowledge the validity of the initial conceptual framework to which the research is connected, as well as the constraints that will be discovered throughout the actual research process and result analysis. I feel that being able to have a full grasp of these two ideas will help researchers understand their research approach better and should not be constrained to just doing quantitative method because the adviser says so but as researcher, the strategies to best represent the data in order to provide a profound discussion and answers to the objectives of the study must be taken into account.
This video brings me back to my Advanced Philosophical Foundation class. Is the thing in my mind a reality on the thing I am currently seeing?
The truth can really be dependent to the person's ideology of truth. I think, this makes research a more fun endeavor since you can't insist your reality to people. One thing I realized as a researcher is to set your feet on what kind of path to take, would you want to prove something through quantitative data, then put your feet to the shoes of the positivist or the realist.
But, if you would rather choose the path of knowing how other people perceived things, how they believed and what are their views, better to put your feet to the shoes of relativist or social constructionist.
This video offers a useful introduction to the ideas of ontology and epistemology as well as the usefulness of these topics in the process of study design. It illustrates the value of considering these viewpoints when developing a research project, as they can affect research topics, techniques, and results. Specifically, it highlights the relevance of considering these perspectives when designing a research project. This video also provides an overview of various ontological and epistemological views, which can assist researchers in better understanding their own assumptions and how those assumptions may influence their research. This video has helped me as a new researcher to have a better grasp of the processes of research design as well as those who are trying to refresh their awareness of these fundamental ideas.
First, I would like to address the question regarding my personal view of reality. I lean towards realist ontology, as I believe that there exists a singular truth. Given the existence of an absolute truth, I consider it crucial to employ both quantitative and qualitative approaches in order to unveil it.
Furthermore, I've gained an understanding that prior to crafting a research design, it is imperative to contemplate how my investigation aligns with the broader context of the world and why I have chosen to delve into it.
Great explanation
Perfect video for us postgraduate students. Thank you.
True, we all have distinct truths, it is critical to characterize our truths through research. This will give our conclusions more weight, policymakers will be advised on their policies, and citizens will benefit from the research projects we do. This video had a profound effect on me.
After watching this video, I then make some realization that I need to learn more about research. Many questions I have in my head such as
How can I generate relevant theory that I can anchor to my study?
What if I chose Quali and Quanti, will it be going to be very difficult, what am I going to do? Since I have already a research in mind that I really love, and it is more likely a Quanti and Quali research.
I just really hope that this research that I will be doing will not just be for the sake of submission or requirement but will benefit the society.
Thank you Sir for this, definitely will spread the word, this is a great help. Excited to watch more videos and learn with you. God bless.
Very insightful and profound presentation. Thanks a lot
Based on my own understanding about the discussion, ontology shapes the philosophical foundation of research, including quantitative research, by influencing the researcher's assumptions about the nature of reality and guiding their choice of research methods and data analysis techniques.
Major take aways and learnings on Ontology and Epistemology
There are 4 four big words mentioned in this video: Positivist, Social Constructivist, Ontology and Epistemology. Trying to relate and make connection of the four terms, I realize that the philosophical orientation of the researcher guides him or her in his research paradigm. The understanding of what frames the research influences the choices, more so on understanding the philosophy.
When we deal with Ontology, this question will help us: “What is reality?” It will require the researcher to always ask himself or herself, “What is there to be known about the form and nature of reality?” When we try to understand Epistemology, “How can I know the reality” is a better way of analyzing it, or as Otoo (2020) mentioned, it will require the researcher to ask, “What is the relationship between the researcher (myself/would be knower) and that which can be known about the reality?”
In the positivist’s view, his ontological and epistemological orientation will focus on one true reality and employs the scientific method with observable and measurable facts, law-like generalizations, and numbers. Knowledge can and must be developed objectively, without the values of the researchers or participants influencing its development.
If there is one true reality for the positivist, there are multiple socially constructed realities in the viewpoint of a social constructivist. His ontological and epistemological stance will tell us that there are as many intangible realities as there are people constructing them. Knowledge is subjective because it is socially constructed and mind dependent. In this point of view, communities’ stories, belief systems and claims of spiritual and earth connections find space as legitimate knowledge.
As researchers, we are confronted with various philosophies from proponents; some are clashing and may lead us to confusion. What is important is that we become aware and resolve differences to come with our philosophical standpoint. In this sense, we are ensuring that our research outcomes are appropriately and meaningfully interpreted.
Thank you Doc. for this very informative video. The content is easy to understand.
The role of research is to improve human's quality of life. With this guiding principle, we will be able to fully understand the basic tenets of research and the noble reasons why it is done. The ontological principles of reality also guides our research questions. It helps us manage expectations and be able to assess our own realities and the realities of other people. Our realities are different from one another, and this principle helps us create researches that uplift the realities of these people in the margins. Poverty, lack of government support, technological inequality, medical challenges- these are the realities for some of our countrymen and researchers will be able to fill that role of improving their lives through research anchored on facts, truth, and social justice. On the other hand, epistemology as the study of the origin of knowledge helps us choose the nature of research methodology that best fits our research question. The school of positivists is related to the quantitative research while the social constructionist school of epistemology is related to qualitative research. Whether it is in the qualitative or quantitative aspects, it will be very important for the researcher to put at the center of their research on how they will be able to advance knowledge for the enhancement and development of every individual's life.
thankyou so much you made me understand these concepts. i was struggling with these concepts.
Very Comprehensive. Thank you.
Very insightful presentation, It has really been helpful.
Understanding ontology and epistemology is crucial when it comes to designing a research project. Ontology deals with the nature of reality and the fundamental aspects of the world we study. It involves identifying what entities or concepts exist and their interrelationships. Epistemology, on the other hand, explores how knowledge is obtained and what constitutes valid evidence. By considering ontology, you can define the scope of your research and determine what aspects of reality are relevant. Epistemology helps you choose appropriate methods and tools to gather and interpret data, ensuring the credibility and reliability of your findings. Integrating these concepts into your research project design provides a solid intellectual foundation, leading to a more rigorous and impactful study. Good luck with your research endeavor!
Thank you for this Sir. The explanation is clear and simple. We are looking for more videos of this kind.
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I can say with certainty that conducting research requires more objectivity than assumptions. I believe this is also true of conducting quantitative research as opposed to qualitative research because it will get us closer to the facts of why things behave the way they do. Ontology stresses the perspective of reality, but it also recognizes that reality has multiple versions, including those based on science and others that are determined by how people define reality. In other words, it relates to the philosophy of man, which is where epistemology entered. Ed.D EM
Thank you this has really helped me understand Ontology
Thank you finally a clear and a simple explanation
Becoming a good researcher does not happen overnight. We need to anchor ourselves on some principles which will guide us in successfully doing a very good research endeavor and creating results that help shape our society and solve its problems. This video helps us determine the types of ontology and epistemology we researchers embraced in the context of designing our research studies. The four main schools of ontology will aid researchers to uncover the basis of their viewpoint or ideas about the truth and facts. This will guide you in considering fitting your investigation to the bigger picture of the world, in choosing how to investigate, how you perceive the world and reality. Furthermore, the two main schools of epistemology determine whether you study the world by objective observations in which reality is consistent and independent of human perception (positivist) or believing that reality is rather created by people through their feelings, beliefs, and thoughts (social constructivist). The way you view about the reality in the world is totally up to you and this is reflected on the methods you employ and principle your methods is anchored on. There are also different methods employed in various schools of ontology and epistemology as well as on how they draw meaning from types of data and their sources. Finally, the video teaches us about our role as a researcher. As you anchor your principle to a specific ontology or epistemology, also consider the role you are going to play which can set you to the right directions you should be going in your research whether you are detached, external or involved in the process. Trade-offs are normally present when you choose to employ a particular principle or method which also involved some disadvantages besides the benefits it can give. As long as you are able to answer your chosen research questions, other things won’t matter this much. Thanks Doc Levz for sharing this enlightening video.
Very detailed and comprehensive
By this discussion of Ontology, I can really say that doing a research requires more of objectivity than assumptions and I guess we can also relate that on doing a Quantitative Research than Qualitative Research (correct me if I am wrong Sir) as this will bring us closer to the facts of how things behave that way. But what is striking about Ontology is that, although it emphasizes the view of reality, still; the reality has its different version as well, the reality based on Science, and the reality relative to how a human defines it. In other words, it has something to do with the Philosophy of Man where Epistemology came in.
As what i have understood, reality has many versions depending on the experience and perception of man. But what strengthen reality is through experimentation and use of primary data to have an exact definition of reality.
In research, the extraction of reality means the involvement of the researcher on getting the primary data. Now, can I have this question for you Sir? Is replication and duplication of study destroy Ontology and Epistemology? Thank you Sir.
When designing a research project, it is essential to consider the concepts of ontology and epistemology. Ontology is concerned with understanding what exists and what is real in the world, while epistemology is focused on the origin of knowledge and how we can gain knowledge about the world. These two concepts shape the researcher's view of the world and what they believe is possible to learn from it.
Different philosophical views exist regarding ontology and epistemology, and there is no right or wrong approach to these concepts. Researchers must choose an approach that aligns with their research question and objectives. For instance, social constructionists tend to use qualitative research methods that allow them to understand the meaning people give to the world and how they construct it. In contrast, realists favor a positivist approach that emphasizes objective observations and measurements of the world.
Ultimately, researchers should choose the approach that suits their research objectives and aligns with their worldview. The important thing is to be consistent in applying the chosen approach and transparent in explaining the philosophical assumptions that underlie the research.
Thank you. I understand now.
Very useful. Thank you
Cheers Doc. Spot on.....
In this video, it was primarily asked how do I know it is real? How do I view reality and how does if affect my research methods? With this, it made me sum up my ideas into three points.
First, I believe reality exist even if I don't know it actually exist. However I also wanted to know why does it exist? How does it exist and what makes it exist? This makes me usually do mixed method researches since aside from knowing the single truth I also wanted to know the story behind this truth.
Second, knowing your research question will eventually help you see a pattern or a logic on your study from the ontology ➡️ epistemology ➡️ methodology ➡️ methods. As what is emphasized at the end of the video, your goal in research is what matters most and this will also help you find your view of reality, how you should do it, how can you gather it and what tools should you used for you to answer and to reveal the truth on your research question.
Lastly, your view on reality affects how you conduct your research as you take your role being the researcher. It is usually common in a quantitative research and experimental researches to be detached from your participants because you wanted to objectively observed the truth based on your question. Moreover in the lens of a qualitative research like phenomenological study for example, you tend to be part of the world of the participants in order to see better, explain with depth the multiple realities they have stated. This is generally ideal for a social reconstruction and a relativist.
In totality, I know truth exist whether I know it or not, but this does not hinder me to know why and how it existed. I also understand that how I view reality and the role I take as a researcher will mean a lot in the creation of the study. There will be a pattern or flow on how things will go making research more interesting.
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Ontological considerations help researchers define the nature of the phenomena they are studying. It involves questions about the existence, nature, and characteristics of the social or natural world. For example, in social sciences, researchers might ask whether social phenomena have an objective reality or if they are socially constructed. Also, epistemological considerations guide researchers in determining how they can acquire knowledge about the phenomena of interest. It deals with questions about the nature of knowledge and how we can be certain or justified in our claims. Researchers need to decide whether they believe in objective, subjective, or constructivist approaches to knowledge.
The role of the researcher, ontology, epistemology, and research design are all critical components of any research project. In this reflection, I'll go over each of these principles and their significance in conducting effective research.
The overall plan or strategy for conducting research is referred to as research design. Making decisions about research questions, sampling methods, data collection procedures, and data analysis techniques are all part of the process. A well-designed research project is essential for ensuring reliable and valid results.
The study of what exists and what can be known is known as ontology. It is concerned with questions about the nature of reality, including the researcher's relationship with the object of study. In research, ontology is important in shaping research questions, hypotheses, and data collection methods.
On the other hand, epistemology is concerned with the nature of knowledge and how it is acquired. It is concerned with the validity and dependability of knowledge claims. Epistemology is important in research because it influences the methods used to collect and analyze data, as well as the interpretation of findings.
The researcher's role in a research project is multifaceted. Researchers are in charge of designing the study, gathering and analyzing data, interpreting findings, and communicating findings to others. They must also follow ethical guidelines and conduct their research with integrity.
In conclusion, research design, ontology, epistemology, and the researcher's role are all critical components of successful research. Each of these principles must be carefully considered by researchers before making informed decisions about how to shape their research project. They can ensure that their research is rigorous, reliable, and valid, and that it contributes significantly to their field of study by doing so.
- Charlene Secuya 😇
Thank you! Complex sociology theories are really simplified. One question please: Is a social constructivist epistemologically different from an interpretivist?
Good day, Doc Barazon. Yet another excellent research-related video. Thank you for making ontology and epistemology sound comprehensible. This will enable me to go in the appropriate direction with any ensuing research and exploration. Again, I must highlight how important and educational this information is to me .
Very well explained! Thanks.
Thank you ! ;)
Outstanding explanation. Thank you
Thank you Jack :-)