Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains the Smallness of Molecules

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  • Опубліковано 17 січ 2025

КОМЕНТАРІ • 784

  • @JWhitePWC
    @JWhitePWC 4 роки тому +702

    i hope they never run out of things to explain

    • @Buddha.ThaGod
      @Buddha.ThaGod 4 роки тому +72

      They literally couldn’t if they tried.

    • @jayrajshirali6327
      @jayrajshirali6327 4 роки тому +35

      Knowledge is infinite

    • @absoluteradiance5423
      @absoluteradiance5423 4 роки тому +25

      Yeah explaining everything would be the best and worst thing that could happen for science.

    • @mgeorgescu
      @mgeorgescu 4 роки тому +10

      How could one run out of things to explain?

    • @mrpearson1230
      @mrpearson1230 4 роки тому +7

      Impossible! Too many things to talk about.

  • @NeroThacher
    @NeroThacher 4 роки тому +199

    Be it 3 minutes or 3 hours - this show is always a JOY to watch

  • @gregowski_pl
    @gregowski_pl 4 роки тому +132

    Neil: "I have nothing else to add to that... oh, by the way..." and he continues his awesome examples :)

    • @TheBiggreenpig
      @TheBiggreenpig 4 роки тому +2

      Yeah, I was slightly disappointed he won't mention the star counts... Then he did.

    • @ericparrish1515
      @ericparrish1515 2 роки тому

      I don't think anybody behind the curtain is looking for a good influence.

  • @johnanderson5500
    @johnanderson5500 4 роки тому +262

    "12 grams isn't that much." Yeah tell the judge that! 😂

    • @cassuttustshirt4949
      @cassuttustshirt4949 4 роки тому +18

      This comment underrated gold.

    • @sith4life375
      @sith4life375 4 роки тому +4

      I was thinking something similar... don't guys charge like $120 for that much?

    • @funky_missy
      @funky_missy 4 роки тому +3

      i ruined the 69 likes on this comment

    • @eddillahunt
      @eddillahunt 3 роки тому +1

      😂😂😂😂

    • @vib3rations888
      @vib3rations888 3 роки тому +2

      Hey John... that's 12,000 milligrams buddy!

  • @johnlocke9108
    @johnlocke9108 4 роки тому +39

    I have to say thanks to y’all (Neil & Chuck) for this excellent content. We laymen are privileged to have such excellent educational content that’s entertaining as well

  • @thebarebodkin238
    @thebarebodkin238 4 роки тому +48

    Cosmic Queries used to be my favorite thing about Startalk, but these explainer videos go in depth about topics in a more manageable time commitment

  • @bullettube9863
    @bullettube9863 4 роки тому +61

    My mind becomes numb whenever scientists start talking about immense numbers. I think I'll get myself a drink.

    • @theduder2617
      @theduder2617 4 роки тому +5

      Consume the square root of the weight of one mole of carbon in drinks, then try again.
      If that does not work, multiply the previous amount by 1.5.
      By then the numbing should either fade, or increase to the point of no longer caring.
      Either way, just don't be driving for several hours. lol

    • @nqinadlamini
      @nqinadlamini 4 роки тому

      You're welcome.
      It is with reference, to the fact that the water you're about to drink, has probably passed through my kidneys.
      Carry on.......

    • @pramwilson
      @pramwilson 4 роки тому +1

      ...of water.

    • @lyssakay2228
      @lyssakay2228 4 роки тому +1

      Same

    • @banananerlandia
      @banananerlandia 4 роки тому

      Googleplex brought me to this comment

  • @jamir-e9z
    @jamir-e9z 4 роки тому +88

    Neil deGrasse Tyson explains EXPLAINING

    • @RafiGish
      @RafiGish 3 роки тому +1

      Can you explain to Neil & Chuck that a VPN doesn't prevent sites to track you though? They really are clueless about the actual
      functionality of their sponsor... Thanks a lot!

    • @theduder2617
      @theduder2617 3 роки тому

      @@RafiGish
      Except that criminal scammers utilize VPN's all of the time to avoid being tracked. A vpn can block tracking technology.
      It is why internet criminals use a vpn. To avoid being tracked and located.
      All a website or ISP would be able to determine is that a person is using a VPN. And not every website or ISP are able to even detect that, much less track anything else on a system running a VPN.
      Where the risk actually lies in regards to VPN's is that the creator of the VPN can track your every single move. Many actually do so actively.
      Norton for example offers VPN service. Except they track EVERYTHING done while using the service.
      Talking passwords, home addresses, mother's phone numbers, who a user talks to online. The list is unbelievably long.

    • @IncubusOfDeath
      @IncubusOfDeath 3 роки тому

      😄😄😄

  • @heavencanceller1863
    @heavencanceller1863 4 роки тому +13

    I'm so grateful for people like Neil and chuck to put so much effort into their craft but also taking the time to educate and entertain us. Great work guys. Keep it up

    • @banananerlandia
      @banananerlandia 4 роки тому +3

      Because of Star Talk I can sleep at night and not have too many panic attacks

  • @paulaguaraldi8990
    @paulaguaraldi8990 4 роки тому +5

    wow! I love Neil and Chuck-together they really make this so much fun! I learn, I laugh, I get grossed out--what more can you ask for?

  • @jesselopez5174
    @jesselopez5174 3 роки тому +9

    LOVE HOW HE EXPLAINS EVERYTHING WITH SUCH A PASSION AND STILL HAS A SENSE OF HUMOR ! BOTH OF YOU GUYS ARE GREAT 💯💯💯

    • @stevenvanhulle7242
      @stevenvanhulle7242 8 місяців тому

      Yes, but that's no reason to shout at us. #allcaps

  • @jeremyrodriguez324
    @jeremyrodriguez324 4 роки тому +7

    Amazing how these guys make learning so fun. Can't get enough of these videos.

  • @TheRabbitRonin
    @TheRabbitRonin 4 роки тому +106

    Drinking water as he says i'm drinking molecules that has passed through someone else.

    • @TheRabbitRonin
      @TheRabbitRonin 4 роки тому

      Those too

    • @marcoottina654
      @marcoottina654 4 роки тому +6

      Some of those molecules probably once were your mother.
      Just to say.

    • @BattleBunny1979
      @BattleBunny1979 4 роки тому +6

      i think yr taking about atoms. those molecules wont stay the same for long as they constantly exchange atoms. watermolecules for instance are constantly exchanging hydrogen atoms with one another.

    • @marcoottina654
      @marcoottina654 4 роки тому +1

      @@BattleBunny1979 yes, that's what I meant

    • @mosquitobight
      @mosquitobight 4 роки тому +1

      @@marcoottina654 Gestation and breastfeeding already give someone a lot of molecules from their mother.

  • @MusicMike512
    @MusicMike512 3 роки тому +2

    13:02
    Chuck: That’s insane.
    NDT: That’s insane.
    Chuck: Yeah.
    NDT: Yes.
    😂😂😂😂😂

  • @Prince0bama
    @Prince0bama 4 роки тому +13

    Man, I always love these videos! They are always so funny and fascinating, as well as educational

  • @sweetdurt2143
    @sweetdurt2143 4 роки тому +106

    Neil: There's also fish poo.
    16 years old me: Interesting

  • @jeromemyles7320
    @jeromemyles7320 4 роки тому +8

    i know i may be alone in this but ive clearly understood the concept of mole in just 2 minutes of Neil's explanation than all the combined classes of my chemistry teacher

    • @banananerlandia
      @banananerlandia 4 роки тому +1

      Avogrados number! C:

    • @flavioa6351
      @flavioa6351 3 роки тому

      That’s because you didn’t pay attention in class

  • @GiddyThis
    @GiddyThis 3 роки тому +2

    I love how the sponsored ad was spiced up with the sea animals and vpns are important. Great episode as usual. 👏

  • @zeedee7387
    @zeedee7387 4 роки тому +2

    Only this corner of the internet will truly appreciate how precious it is that, in all of time and space, we exist at the same time as Startalk. A wonderful gift to us all.

    • @haroldfrets5468
      @haroldfrets5468 2 дні тому

      Well, if you think of it that way..........lol

  • @mitchsbecrazy1902
    @mitchsbecrazy1902 4 роки тому +3

    It has been a while, even though I am a long time subscriber, since I have watched a social distancing version of StarTalk. Reluctantly, this is the first episode i have turned into. And I must say it gives me and mine much hope in adapting to a new method of interaction and exchange of ideas. Watching the prestigious teachings of Dr. Tyson and intellectual yet comedic commentary of Mr. Nice assures all of us we shall continue in our ambitions to experiment, learn, teach, and repeat.

    • @ericparrish1515
      @ericparrish1515 2 роки тому

      So when can we learn more about crayon log books?

  • @SeanKennardRN
    @SeanKennardRN 4 роки тому +4

    Whatever camera you guys are using now, it's a really nice aesthetic. Digging it 👍🏾

  • @blessedveteran
    @blessedveteran Рік тому

    Thank you for being here to take my mind off of all that is going on right now..I appreciate it ❤ I know this was 2+ years ago but it's helping me now 😊

  • @niveshutube
    @niveshutube 4 роки тому +1

    Chuck and Neil, you make learning so much fun! All the best to you!

  • @insane_troll
    @insane_troll 4 роки тому +21

    The size of a football pitch compared to the width of a human hair is roughly the same as the width of a hair to the size of an atom.

    • @angrysocialjusticewarrior
      @angrysocialjusticewarrior 4 роки тому +5

      cool username bro

    • @DJLiddle
      @DJLiddle 3 роки тому +3

      I'm going to be stealing this interesting fact and passing it off as my own just so you know 😄

  • @steps0x029a
    @steps0x029a 4 роки тому +1

    The thought of tools being able to manipulate atoms and assemble molecules as we see fit immediately gave me goosebumps! Anyone else thinking of new materials that may have properties we can't even dream of yet? Really exciting stuff! Thanks a lot for Star Talk, you guys are awesome

    • @cristineevangelio5223
      @cristineevangelio5223 4 роки тому +1

      some of the elements in our periodic table were created that way by scientists!

    • @steps0x029a
      @steps0x029a 4 роки тому +1

      @@cristineevangelio5223 One more reason to dig deeper :) My last real contact with the periodic table was about 20 years ago in school, so...I'm not surprised that a lot has happened since :) Thanks for the heads up

  • @codyj9983
    @codyj9983 2 роки тому +1

    I laugh and learn so much watching Startalk!

  • @marcoottina654
    @marcoottina654 4 роки тому +22

    The more Chuck learns the more he builds up his muscles.
    Theory: just wait a few years and he will be the next Schwarzenegger.

    • @papagrounds
      @papagrounds 4 роки тому +4

      He's going to turn Austrian? Maybe Ronnie Coleman? 😁🤔

    • @angrysocialjusticewarrior
      @angrysocialjusticewarrior 4 роки тому +1

      @@papagrounds Connie Roleman with Austrian accent maybe?

  • @Idontknow-hv8ci
    @Idontknow-hv8ci 4 роки тому +1

    Great video once again

  • @taqihasan6666
    @taqihasan6666 4 роки тому +3

    Lovely to see u guys u r doing great job love 😍 from Pakistan 🇵🇰. I really like ur content ur amazing niel 😍😍

  • @shakesrear7850
    @shakesrear7850 7 місяців тому

    On form. One of the most inspiring and repeatable talks directing me toward many subjects.

  • @upamanyuz
    @upamanyuz 3 роки тому

    I am just hooked to this channel !

  • @lghammer778
    @lghammer778 4 роки тому +1

    Hydration, the StarTalk artwork at the very beginning is really sweet!

  • @dwightdidier7096
    @dwightdidier7096 3 роки тому

    Love these clips/shows..!!!

  • @midnightchurningspriteshaq8533
    @midnightchurningspriteshaq8533 4 роки тому +2

    Thank you so much for bringing my attention to "quantum construction" on a molecular level. This has potential on a macro level after optimizing it on a micro level. This process could be the missing piece for the next gen computer, food science, and environmental stability. Great episode!

  • @joesimba
    @joesimba Рік тому +1

    11:51 CORRECTION; atomic number of carbon is 6 not 12. Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. What he was referring to I guess is MASS NUMBER of carbon

  • @BIGREDDOG09
    @BIGREDDOG09 4 роки тому +1

    I've been reading and watching scientific stuff for some time now and hearing this still blew my mind.

  • @nimeshsingh7
    @nimeshsingh7 4 роки тому +11

    12:10 a mistake there, 1 mole of silicon will be 28gms since its atomic number is 14.

    • @theduder2617
      @theduder2617 4 роки тому +2

      I think he got ahead of himself and did not catch the mistake before moving on. lol
      Did your brain scream at you too when you heard it? Or was it just mine I heard having a fit? lol

    • @scottallencarr
      @scottallencarr 4 роки тому

      I'm sure this is not to be spoken. LOL that's what the drop of Newton spittle told me.

  • @PigRipperLAW
    @PigRipperLAW 4 роки тому

    ❤️ All of it. Every concept. Thank you.

  • @moukatelmomo6985
    @moukatelmomo6985 4 роки тому

    I love your dynamic duo 😂 Great video

  • @ryanallen7511
    @ryanallen7511 3 роки тому

    Great talk guys.

  • @edsoir1932
    @edsoir1932 3 роки тому

    I like this duo an astrophysicist and a comedian, perfect combination!

  • @Tabarnac2010
    @Tabarnac2010 4 роки тому

    Thanks Neil, always enjoy your discussions

  • @golightning291
    @golightning291 4 роки тому +3

    Chuck is legit having an existential panic attack during the whole bit on water and air molecules being shared by everyone in history lol

  • @jrgaskin01
    @jrgaskin01 Рік тому +2

    we all share everything on the planet that has lived and will ever live.

  • @galaxyalexanderh5737
    @galaxyalexanderh5737 3 роки тому

    Best part- " well, all I can say is that somehow youve done it, youve done it neil"....😂😂 my two favorite people ever

  • @isatousarr7044
    @isatousarr7044 5 місяців тому +1

    The smallness of molecules highlights the fundamental scale at which chemical interactions and processes occur. Despite their tiny size, molecules play a crucial role in shaping the properties and behaviors of matter, influencing everything from biological functions to material science. Their small scale necessitates sophisticated techniques to observe and manipulate them accurately. How might advancements in nanotechnology and molecular imaging further our ability to understand and harness the power of these minute building blocks of the universe?

  • @galaxygg8996
    @galaxygg8996 4 роки тому +2

    Love you Neil❤️

  • @alabanzadedios1
    @alabanzadedios1 4 роки тому

    *SALUD, AMOR, DINERO, PROTECCIÓN, PARA TI QUE ESTAS LEYENDO ESTO, QUE EL UNIVERSO TE MANDE LAS MEJORES VIBRA, AHORA EN ESTE INSTANTE*

  • @ScotttheCubeGuy
    @ScotttheCubeGuy 4 роки тому

    Keep making these awesome videos, i'm literally binging all of them and learning a LOT

  • @bhagyalaxmipotadar3581
    @bhagyalaxmipotadar3581 4 роки тому +1

    Next video on the topic of warp drive
    Please

  • @muthuk
    @muthuk 4 роки тому

    AWESOME 👌

  • @freddyp319
    @freddyp319 3 роки тому

    This duo is the best.

  • @_SlyLingual_
    @_SlyLingual_ 3 роки тому

    ...Mind Blown !! 🤯🤯💥🤯🤯

  • @reddwarf3046
    @reddwarf3046 4 роки тому

    Chuck is great 👍

  • @gelosaurus
    @gelosaurus 4 роки тому

    I'm into this updated production value.

  • @makemoneynow5061
    @makemoneynow5061 4 роки тому

    Your videos are splendid! Thank you for giving me a new perspective to contemplate!

  • @bigmacxd43
    @bigmacxd43 3 роки тому

    4:33 about the glass was so mind blowing

  • @albertjackinson
    @albertjackinson 4 роки тому

    WOW!
    I'm going to have to research quantum construction in more detail.
    And this episode in general was MIND BLOWING the whole time!

  • @HyModHub
    @HyModHub 4 роки тому

    The best show out there.

  • @RemoCODclips
    @RemoCODclips 4 роки тому

    Love these videos so much

  • @Ricocossa1
    @Ricocossa1 4 роки тому

    Even if you already know all this stuff, it's still a pleasure to watch

  • @billintulsa
    @billintulsa 3 роки тому +1

    At about 6:50, I think Neil misspoke. He said there are 100 molecules per cup of water. I am sure he meant more like 100-thousand or 100-million.

  • @FrostMarsh
    @FrostMarsh 4 роки тому

    These guys are great they explain alot of things I've always been thinking about.

  • @ecospider5
    @ecospider5 Рік тому +1

    It would be interesting to see an animation of how a single breath of air spreads across the whole world. Does that happen in 10 years or does it take 10,000 years, or maybe even longer.

  • @Gorjino
    @Gorjino 4 роки тому +1

    14:05 is that the sound of someone uncorking a bottle of wine?😂

  • @arnesbeganovic
    @arnesbeganovic 4 роки тому

    I like explanation for Avogadro number.

  • @GiuseppePipia
    @GiuseppePipia 4 роки тому +8

    To imagine the Avogadro number, just think that it is of the same order of magnitude of the mass (in kg) of Mars. 10^23.

  • @nobodyknows3180
    @nobodyknows3180 3 роки тому +1

    "Well, all I can say, is that somehow, you've done it Neil. You've done it. You've made it so I am never again going to drink water." 😂😂😂😂😂😂

  • @stevestumpy6873
    @stevestumpy6873 4 роки тому +6

    water molecules get broken down through photosynthesis, the atoms are still the same but the molecules are different.

    • @InTheMirrorr
      @InTheMirrorr 4 роки тому

      Molecules are broken into Oxygen and Hydrogen ; have you ever seen someone farts Hydrogen before? :D (just joking)

    • @stevestumpy6873
      @stevestumpy6873 4 роки тому

      @@InTheMirrorr just methane CH4 and stuff that smells like it.

  • @cyborgzulu2011
    @cyborgzulu2011 4 роки тому

    The fact that Democritus mentioned atom theory should be spoke upon more in this. Cmon Neil!! Love the show!

  • @vykintasmorkvenas6839
    @vykintasmorkvenas6839 3 роки тому +1

    Those facts were brilliantly put in a book by Bill Bryson called "A Short History of Nearly Everything".

  • @AtypicalPaul
    @AtypicalPaul 4 роки тому

    Love this show

  • @manuel2673
    @manuel2673 4 роки тому +1

    I love this show

  • @SatireGamingSleuth
    @SatireGamingSleuth 4 роки тому

    You two are the funniest guys on the internet

  • @phoenix2464
    @phoenix2464 4 роки тому +5

    Hello Neil, can we have a video about frames of reference?

    • @hipoojan
      @hipoojan 4 роки тому

      You mean general relativity? lol

    • @SpectreKelevra
      @SpectreKelevra 4 роки тому

      Kinda already is one, called "Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains Big Numbers" on this channel.

  • @Bobrapbahizi
    @Bobrapbahizi 3 роки тому

    Always a pleasure listening to you guys. Under the existing laws of physics, how small can something be?

    • @StaticBlaster
      @StaticBlaster 3 роки тому

      The smallest length possible according to the laws of physics, would be the Planck length which is 10^-35 m. In fact, if you could get any smaller, you'd end up with a black hole and it would take an incredible amount of energy to create a mini black hole, and more energy results in larger volumes. So inevitably (although it sounds weird) eventually, the micro becomes the macro and perhaps (this is just my conjecture) the macro becomes the micro. So we might live in an extremely weirdly-shaped, contorted universe kind of analogous to the surface of the Earth where if you traveled in one direction you'd eventually end up where you started except in this case it's applied to size scales.

    • @ericparrish1515
      @ericparrish1515 2 роки тому

      @@StaticBlaster if we shrunk to the plank length would we see something smaller since we can't see the plank at this size? Like a size horizon.

  • @SnowmanDTD
    @SnowmanDTD 3 роки тому

    Best duo in the world

  • @billtruttschel
    @billtruttschel 4 роки тому +1

    Skip to 1:20 to skip ad. You're welcome.

  • @mikegray-ehnert3238
    @mikegray-ehnert3238 4 роки тому +3

    Spent some time recently on FB learning about the English women who discovered the basic building block of the universe. Her, along with many other women, have been left out of the stories of discovery in many STEM fields. I remember the women who actually first saw the double helix of DNA, or the women with he slide rule that checked NASA calculations for early space flights. How about shedding some light on some of those folks in your series?

  • @obi-juanshinobi5624
    @obi-juanshinobi5624 4 роки тому

    Most of the stuff he talks about are things he talks about on cosmos. Which I think everyone should watch

  • @wsextreme
    @wsextreme 4 роки тому +2

    It brings me joy that I have had water that passed thru Neils kidneys ❤️

    • @jsmithers.
      @jsmithers. 3 роки тому +1

      It has to be a long enough time for the molecules to spread everywhere, so you may not have. That's why he only brought up historical figures from hundreds or thousands of years ago.

    • @wsextreme
      @wsextreme 3 роки тому +1

      @@jsmithers. way to ruin my parade

  • @sujaynazare489
    @sujaynazare489 4 роки тому

    Great video. Sir please explain Human Evolution 😀

    • @schoolcraft420
      @schoolcraft420 4 роки тому

      Truth is usually somewhere in the middle. Perhaps between Evolution and Intelligent Design

  • @ManaBDew
    @ManaBDew 4 роки тому +1

    Happy Thanksgiving 🙂

  • @calebpoemoceah3087
    @calebpoemoceah3087 2 роки тому

    I have been playing around with fog water droplets, and it seems to me that it takes more energy to put the fog droplets back togather in one large mass then it does to produce the fog in the first place. Some astronaut said that tiny water droplets tend to bounce off one another because of a coating of air around the droplets. Is this similar to fusion teck ?

  • @Siamect
    @Siamect 4 роки тому +7

    So... It must have taken Avogadro a long time to count all the molecules in that mole...

    • @cassuttustshirt4949
      @cassuttustshirt4949 4 роки тому +2

      Legend has it, he's still counting...

    • @carultch
      @carultch 3 роки тому +2

      The mole is a concept that didn't originate until 50 years after Avogadro's death. The reason Avogadro is the namesake of the unit, is because of his contribution to the ideal gas law, that the volume is proportional to the number of molecules, regardless of the substance identity. In other words, the idea that the R in the ideal gas law is a constant, rather than a substance-specific value. Avogadro's idea that population of gas molecules is what ultimately matters to gas laws, is why he is the namesake of the number of molecules in a mole.

  • @Chrisrhamm85
    @Chrisrhamm85 4 роки тому

    I got that book as a youngin at a university in Chicago. Early 90’s kids can appreciate it!

  • @ManaBDew
    @ManaBDew 4 роки тому

    Happy Thanksgiving 😀💫🌎

  • @rondale9973
    @rondale9973 2 роки тому

    Excellent.

  • @phreewill
    @phreewill 4 роки тому +1

    oh, thanks Neil. if i did not have enough to do in a day, now i will be thinking about every breath i take

  • @pistitoth1363
    @pistitoth1363 4 роки тому

    Nagy dobásra készülök! Kértem egy mammographia képet . Élet anyaga lessz a kutatásom célja ! OK! Jók vagytok .30 !!!!! Hungari !

  • @ShikharMasseyMusic
    @ShikharMasseyMusic 4 роки тому

    Binge watching your all over videos every day every night.. 10 hourse a day. You are my netflix

  • @howardOKC
    @howardOKC 3 роки тому

    I just love chuck

  • @ryanguzek361
    @ryanguzek361 4 роки тому

    How do people dislike this content?

  • @keerthivasanb7931
    @keerthivasanb7931 5 місяців тому +1

    Avogadro number, is 100 times bigger than the number of stars in the observable universe! 🤯🤯Those many water molecules in just 18g of water

  • @killshot2333
    @killshot2333 4 роки тому

    Yeng and yang painting is awesome

  • @djohle3430
    @djohle3430 3 роки тому

    so fascinating that we can discover things we're not even able to see, but we know they exist simply because science works

  • @abhaschandrakumar
    @abhaschandrakumar 4 роки тому

    MIND BLOWN

  • @darshanpatel3890
    @darshanpatel3890 4 роки тому +1

    Big fan keep it up

  • @freeb1111
    @freeb1111 6 місяців тому

    Catching up in 2024 - incredible content as always, thanks guys.

  • @charlesdavis9100
    @charlesdavis9100 4 роки тому

    Reminds me of a quote from a TV Show called Life in the Episode Fathingale.
    We are none of us alone. Even as we exhale, it is inhaled by others.
    The light that shines upon me, shines upon my neighbor as well.
    In this way, everything's connected to everything else.
    In this way, I'm connected to my friend, even as I'm connected to my enemy.
    In this way, there is no difference between me and my friend.
    In this way, there is no difference between me and my enemy.
    We are none of us alone.