Very nice, thank you for this! A small suggestion: in future videos, please include the name in writing when you are speaking about species/other taxa, as it makes it much easier to look it up for further inquiries :)
@@mothlightmedia1936 speaking of that, you were talking a bit too fast fore to hear what exactly you called the land crocodile, could you tell me what that's called so I could look them up?
Next step in evolution would be people buying enhance artificial implants. Just because they are better than the "original" parts. Or people so hooked with virtual reality that they'll prefer to have sex inside a simulator instead of real life. Not to forget contamination or overpopulation
I call the phase of evolution after a mass extinction the "This essay is due tomorrow and the save file for what I had got corrupted and I have no backup" phase
@Not Berber Yeah, all the renovation and remodeling in evolution or random species made until Nature reaches a point where it says "OK, now we've got it" 😅 Always evolving rather well, till Continents move, causing drastic changes or perhaps an Extinction happens, and the neat evolution goes down a spiral all over again
This actually works quite well with memetics as well as genetics, early mobile telephones all looked very diverse but modern mobile telephones all look like black rectangles. Probably also with many other ideas such as abstract ideas and how to design clothing. Comic books were just as diverse as films but during the 1960's almost exclusively focused on superheroes.
Well, I bet he meant it in a manner relative to The Cretaceous mass extinction, because, as dinosaurs and majority of Cretaceous flora and fauna died out 65 million years ago, there is only a small window of 5 million years between the extinction and the resurgence of life he talks about. It was actually kinda of early for animals to do anything resembling a recovery and that is what I think he meant.
For clarity and the sake of accuracy: The leading hypothesis is that the genus homo was rather hairless by about 1 million years ago. Several lines of direct evidence converge on that time frame. There have also been about 12 instances of glacial expansion and retreat since then.
@@XalconKugelBlitz I absolutely realize that it was a joke, Ash. That's why I didn't say "You're wrong" or "That's false". I merely injected some factual information so that nobody came away with the idea that your joke was based in reality.
The reptile in the thumbnail, it's called something in the vein of longisquama, I remember having a book of dinosaurs when I was young and this one was always so interesting to me
Lee A there’s actually evidence of rapid evolution in as little as 50 years. So, given all flying insects suddenly went extinct, other insects could potentially develop flight rather quickly.
For me the chart is easy and clear to read. But I agree that he should have used a broader spectrum of color to make it useful for you guys. Numbers as indicators would have been evn better.
It's so much simpler than that. After so many animals die, the developers have to go back to the drawing board and alot of photoshop trial and error happens. You just need to wait till the next update.
You can still compare them. The first tetrapods were objectively "weird", unusual, as chordates able to walk on land, but that was such a successful group today they're less weird. This video is about the radiations that weren't so successful.
@@jamesrochester2459 I guess my point is more philosophical... not even really a point, just a fun observation/joke on what it means to be "weird" lol. Imagine being an alien seeing Earth fauna for the first time: You wouldn't think some of them are any less weird just because they are more common. In that way, all animals are weird, some look weirder to us because they were less successful and thus we saw less of them or things similar to them
@@myky992 In case you were not aware, certain "Designs" are common in specific niches. This is called convergent evolution. Environments prefer one trait over another. Over time all other adaptations will disappear. We call them weird because they deviate from the established "Meta."
Weird in an evolutionary point of view. Crocodiles are so adapted to their niche that they remained incredibly similar tho how they looked when the dinosaurs were around. They’re so adapted that any variation would end up in failure. So a land based crocodile out of the blue is weird and wouldn’t even be possible except in the case mentioned by the video. That’s what makes it weird.
@@joshuamcleod3442 Absolutely true, like I said mine was more of a joke but also an observation on how even the well established "designs" are incredibly weird if you manage to see them with an alien's eye, with no concept of what is "the established meta". Are you a fan of tierzoo as well by chance? XD
More carnivorous crows/more city bird of prey maybe ? There's no predator living entirely in cities, even though there are so many pigeons and rats they could eat
David McCarthy I’ve always thought that seagulls will start propagating out. They have a lot of characteristics - aggressiveness, brazen fearlessness, curiosity, cute offspring, relatively dominant size to the niche around - that make they a good candidate for some to become full predators, as well as maybe develop into city based versions of sea birds with adaptations to their beaks. They have a temperament that allows them to survive near traffic and humans, who can stop them?
@@davidmccarthy4206 in some cities in Brazil, you can observe birds of prey filling that niche! The most common one is Rupornis magnirostris, that looks just like a pigeon and blends in well in the urban areas . It's commonly known in the Americas as the "Roadside Hawk"
Most fascinating for me is that the best evolutionary design is always having not more than one head. For any creature out there, apart from obvious mutations.
This is a really great video - I've always loved weird Cenozoic mammals, but I've never connected the dots there might be an empirical reason why they were weirder, beyond just unfamiliarity.
I know it's a vast oversimplification, but it's cool to kind of think of the Terror birds as the Earth's attempt to return to the business as usual of theropod dinosaurs as the apex land predator. Unfortunately, this mass extinction set the dinosaurs back further than previous ones, leaving only a single, though diverse, lineage of dinosaurs to carry on their legacy: _birds._ The fact that the K-Pg extinction may have involved both the Chicxulub impact event _and_ climate change due in part to the Deccan Traps can seem a bit too coincidental or even at odds with Occam's razor when the widely accepted bolide seems sufficient. I think, however, the fact that the destructive effect of these two overlapping, catastrophic events begin to make a bit more sense when you realize that the dinosaurs, which were such a diverse and dominant lineage for so long, had already survived multiple mass extinction extinction events. Rather than framing the events as the dinosaurs, who were already decreasing in diversity due to climate change, being struck by the asteroid/comet experienced a superfluous amount of bad luck, I think a better way to frame the events is to take into consideration just how hardy and successful they were as a lineage. Perhaps a seemingly-improbable double-whammy was actually _necessary_ to finally bring an end to the "Age of the Dinosaurs." The fact that they'd already survived, and remaining lineages eventually bounced back, following previous disasters that decreased their diversity is evidence that the Deccan Traps or the impact event alone may not have been sufficient to end their dominant positions on land, and might've just resulted in the end of the Cretaceous and the beginning of some fourth division of what might be thought of as an extended Mesozoic. What may have happened instead, however, is that at least two devastating events took place -- which isn't as statistically unlikely as one might expect when considering the timescale involved (Mesozoic = 186 million years). The _Tyrannosaurus rex,_ for instance, lived closer to our own time (66 million years ago) than it did to the Jurassic (150 million years ago). So in that sense, we're still kind of living in the aftermath of the destruction of what has been Earth's default form of land vertebrate.
One more thing to note: Synapsids (mammals and animals more closely related to them than to reptiles) might actually be more impressive when it comes to surviving mass extinctions than even the dinosaurs. Their story is actually surprisingly poetic. They were first extremely diverse during the Permian after the C-P extinction that destroyed the habitat of most of the dominant crocodile-like amphibians called temnospondyls and the giant arthropods. The period was extremely harsh, possibly the harshest in Earth's history, packed with three devastating mass extinction. The first, the very poorly understood Olson's extinction, wiped out most of the sail-backed synapsids like Dimetrodon and Edaphosaurus, causing giant floods near the coasts and a multi-continent sized extremely arid desert. The second was about as deadly as the K-Pg extinction, known as the Campanian extinction, causing a devastating loss in synapsid population and death of one of my favourite animals ever, the rhino-sized Anteosaurus, the biggest ever terrestrial carnivorous synapsid (including mammals). The last was the infamous P-T extinction, better known as the Great Dying, which wiped out 95% of all life on Earth, including the dominant carnivorous saber-toothed gorgonopsids. But the synapsids survived, adapting into even more forms, like Lystrosaurus which once accounted for 95% of the Earth's population. One of its descendants was the elephant-sized Lisowicia, the biggest non-mammalian synapsid. Other synapsids like the venomous wolf-like therapsids survived too and the closely related mammalian ancestors (Mammaliaformes) hang on too, but the apex predator niche was lost to the big-headed archosaurimorphs and later to the terrestrial crocodile ancestors, the pseudosuchians (some of which, like postosuchus and poposaurus, look surprisingly like bear-sized theropods). The synapsid herbivores were also slowly outcompeted by the bigger early sauropodomorphs (commonly known as prosauropods). The T-J mass extinction (or the end-Triassic mass extinction) wiped out the last non-mammaliaform synapsids, as well as the theropod-like pseudosuchians, leaving only the crocodilians and the surprisingly underrated terrestrial notosuchians (probably because they are thought of as primitive). This gave room for the theropods (which were small generalists at the time) to claim the apex predator niche, thus making dinosaurs dominant when it came to both carnivorous and herbivorous niches. Most of them, as you know, died in the K-Pg mass extinction. The last synapsids (mammaliaforms) also took a heavy blow, many groups were wiped out and all marsupials and egg-laying mammals went extinct on the northern continents (former Laurasia), leaving only the placentals there. However the southern continents (former Gondwana) were full of them, while also housing unique placentals like the xenarthrans, notoungulates, afrotheres and giant rodents, as well as many non-mammals like the famous terror birds and the biggest Cenozoic carnivores, the terrestrial notosuchians (I told you they are underrated) known as Sebecids. The northern continent was also inhabited by giant herbivorous birds like Gastornis and carnivorous hoofed terrestrial crocodiles known as Baurusuchids, but they were quickly wiped out by rapid climate change (not outcompeted though, as often thought). Unfortunately the southern continents with the most unique fauna are now mostly lost (excluding Australia). The last true one was South America, but it was going through a minor mass extinction right before the faunal interchange with North America, causing its fauna to be outcompeted. So as you can see, mammal ancestors might be even more impressive, as they once ruled the Earth in the Permian, took a massive blow in the Great Dying, bounced back in the Triassic, but then got outcompeted by dinosaurs after another mass extinction. After the near extinction of the dinosaurs, they started ruling the Earth again in the Cenozoic (although in some places they were still kept in check by crocodile relatives and birds up to very recently, like in South America and Australia).
@@rafexrafexowski4754 Very well said! The evolutionary history of the synapsids is incredibly interesting, as well as the relationships between the extant and extinct mammal clades. The multituberculates are super fascinating for instance. An order that's placed with crown mammals, yet doesn't fall neatly into the Therians or Monotremes and survived well into the Cenozoic. They had incredibly alien dental anatomy and chewing motion that's essentially nonexistent in extant mammals; chewing front-to-back instead of the opposite or side-to-side. They were superficially rodent-like, but their incisors didn't continually grow and seemed more like tweezers they'd use to manipulate food rather than doing the majority of the gnawing. Instead, they'd pass it back with their weird backwards jaw motion, where giant, lower premolars that kind of looked like partial, forward-facing circular-saw blades in more derived clades would then do the gnawing/slicing. We're not even sure how they gave birth. Based on their pelvis anatomy, they may have been similar to metatherians, giving live birth to underdeveloped young, or they could've laid eggs. Very weird. I also find South America pre-interchange interesting. In some ways it was like a bizzaro-universe version of the Cenozoic, with Sebecids almost being an echo of the Triassic pseudosuchians and theropods maintaining a dominant role in the form of the Terror birds. Not to mention the examples of convergent evolution, such as the Metatherian sabre-tooth Thylacosmilus (sp?) or the Notoungulates.
@@thekito4623 cause we're not animals, we are special snowflakes sent from the heavens by the gods to bless this planet. We have nothing in common with animals at all, thats why we look so different.
@@dionysus3774 the earth is flat, im tired of people hating on me cause I share a different opinion. Everyone knows the world is just a flat plain floating thru space on a turtles back.
Yeah it’s like a lot of people are trying to go into the room but they are all stuck at the door . Eventually all of them except one get pushed out the door and that’s how it all ends up
@@r.alexander9075 PBS Eons. ua-cam.com/channels/zR-rom72PHN9Zg7RML9EbA.html TREY the Explainer ua-cam.com/channels/OuWeOkMrq84u5LY6apWQ8Q.html For starters...
@@mnsmn1834 Pick ANY video topic on this channel, and you'll find it on THOSE channels, released ATLEAST a year earlier. All he's done is taken the commentary, switched it up a bit, and added piss poor animation to it. And dude, i'm not going to do a video comparison, as that'd involve me putting in more work on the subject than he did...
This is an aspect of evolution that I hadn't even considered, let alone been aware of. Truly fascinating and so wonderfully illustrated. Very illuminating.
Great explanation! You really clarified an aspect of evolution that I kind of knew about but under estimated how much of an effect niche occupation has. 👍😎👍
Your aviation analogy is a good one, but feel you could have elaborated on it for clarity: at the dawn of powered flight, pretty much every configuration was attempted at some point; however once a dominant design had evolved, early jets used that a starting point so only the elements directly impacted by this new technology changed whilst other elements, such as monoplane layout, are common to almost all of these variations in the same way that bill adaptions aside, the Honeycreeper was fundamentally unchanged
Early Triassic update was a time man... It’s a time when everyone are still trying to figure out the best build to adapt after the Permian Extinction event..
I had not heard of many of these, a few (hooved carnivores and that weird croc). I found it fascinating!! So I was going to take your suggestion and subscribe. I was happy to see I was already subscribed!!
1:23"There were giant birds called Phorusrhacids colloquially known as terror birds that were the main apex predators in South America".Sebecids:Hold my beer(seriously, why does everyone ignore them).
Good video. It made me wonder about convergent evolution of the most successful survivors. The reasons are simple curiosity, and pondering on extraterrestrial life. Subscribed.
My guess before i watch the video: there's so much empty egological space on the ecosystem after a mass extinction wiped much of the old ones out that you don't even need to be flawless to survive in the new world which now has much less competition and you can freely just be something wacky
It’s this and convergent evolution that make me think that if stumbled upon a world with alien life, we wouldn’t see much to blow our mind morphologically. Likely as well chemically due to carbon chemistry being the only real suitable game in town for life.
I wonder... some of the information I've read about cheetahs seems to suggest they could easily classify as one of these "strange" forms which by all rights shouldn't exist anymore. Only stumbling block being that they still do. :) It's an interesting what-if.
Cheetahs hunt solely during the day as they are capable of catching their prey in a straight up foot race; they're pretty much unique to their environment in that aspect. Other predators mostly hunt at night as they rely on ambush tactics. I'd wager if there was a slight modification to the African Savannah the cheetah would adapt far poorer than the less "strange" predators and likely quickly go extinct. If the African Savannah were to become more temperate and forested the cheetah's sprint speed would likely be far less useful and slower, ambush-based predators would be more successful.
I am loving these documentaries but I just wish they would be a little louder on the cell phone. I never understood why UA-cam has so many different variations in volume. You can always turn it down but you can't turn it up past maximum. That's a silly complaint don't worry this is amazing job you are doing.
How many more species may be uncovered if extensive archaeology could be conducted under the deepest parts of the oceans? We have literally only scratched the surface.
@@th3_ph4ntomreborn31 i wonder what would happen if humans suddenly died out? i mean we're practically at the top of the food chain. I think there wouldnt be much difference
Why do animals look so strange after mass extinction. Excuse you!, giraffes, elephants, rhinos, hummingbirds and those dancer birds have something to say Imagine some dolphins take the world after our time and start making expeditions in some special suit (like astronaut suit but they breathe air so, a bit different) and they start to dig skeletons from elephants and the mentioned above, then some dolphintuber make a video titled *squeaky squeack! Squeack squeackens squeack!* ( Dolphin for 'Why do animals look so strange after mass extinction') and some dumb ass dolphin named 'turtledo' comment about some kind of paradox about it
Hairless? Not even close. We have just as many hair follicles per square inch as the other great apes. Our hair is just very fine compared to the other apes.
Something similar happens in pomemon and yu gi oh whenever a new generation or format comes around. In pokemon, when a new game with new pokemons is released, you see all kinds of crazy teams, but as time passes and people notice how shitty some pokemons are and how shitty some older ones have become, you start to see the same mons being overused. In yu gi oh, when a new format comes, like when link summoning appeared, same shit, all kinds of crazy decks, but then tournament season comes and only some decks get any use because they just destroy the competition. The difference between game and real life is that in game the best carda are banned to keep the game competitive, in real life the shitty creatures get extinct because they suck.
Before extinction: normal animals
After extinction: spore creature creator
lmao
Will Wright gets a paycheck every time an extinction happens.
@@altdelet3778
Who's he?
@@thalmoragent9344 The creator of the Sims games and Spore
@@thalmoragent9344 the creator of Sims Everything lol
I guess after they experienced life threatening event, they started to follow their dream and be true to themselves.
@@suckmybic6197 hes trying to say the animals mentally handicapped themselves
Just whut?😂😂
@@suckmybic6197 they’re fabulous let them be 🙄
@@t6amygdala they suck
Love your name
Very nice, thank you for this! A small suggestion: in future videos, please include the name in writing when you are speaking about species/other taxa, as it makes it much easier to look it up for further inquiries :)
Thank you, and I started doing that in my most recent videos.
@@mothlightmedia1936 speaking of that, you were talking a bit too fast fore to hear what exactly you called the land crocodile, could you tell me what that's called so I could look them up?
@@jorted_julimak The family name is Planocraniidae. But "hooved crocodiles" will give you more popsci results.
This is how the Monty python killer carnivores rabbit evolved.
So glad God created hand grenades, for just such an eventuality.
Our profile pictures are so similar
@@slambam2665 Convergent evolution.
*ok*
Next step in evolution would be people buying enhance artificial implants. Just because they are better than the "original" parts. Or people so hooked with virtual reality that they'll prefer to have sex inside a simulator instead of real life. Not to forget contamination or overpopulation
I call the phase of evolution after a mass extinction the "This essay is due tomorrow and the save file for what I had got corrupted and I have no backup" phase
Yep, then as you "edit" it afterwards for a better grade, you remove all the crazy stuff and get left with the relatively "good/normal" stuff
@Not Berber
Yeah, you make the corrections and then use that as a template for your final product 😅
@Not Berber
Yeah, all the renovation and remodeling in evolution or random species made until Nature reaches a point where it says "OK, now we've got it" 😅
Always evolving rather well, till Continents move, causing drastic changes or perhaps an Extinction happens, and the neat evolution goes down a spiral all over again
At that point you need to seriously adaptively radiate lol...
This actually works quite well with memetics as well as genetics, early mobile telephones all looked very diverse but modern mobile telephones all look like black rectangles. Probably also with many other ideas such as abstract ideas and how to design clothing. Comic books were just as diverse as films but during the 1960's almost exclusively focused on superheroes.
“as early as 60 million years ago...”
Oh that’s like yesterday, neat
Yep. Humans have been here for barely any time. That's really early.
This video is false, world didnt even exist back then, and evolution no exist, just read the bible morons
Leno lol you’re funny
Well, I bet he meant it in a manner relative to The Cretaceous mass extinction, because, as dinosaurs and majority of Cretaceous flora and fauna died out 65 million years ago, there is only a small window of 5 million years between the extinction and the resurgence of life he talks about. It was actually kinda of early for animals to do anything resembling a recovery and that is what I think he meant.
@@leno7492 You also think the Earth is 2020 years old, huh?
Yeah, after the ice age, there were really weird hairless apes!
For clarity and the sake of accuracy: The leading hypothesis is that the genus homo was rather hairless by about 1 million years ago. Several lines of direct evidence converge on that time frame. There have also been about 12 instances of glacial expansion and retreat since then.
@@ErgoCogita it was a joke
@@XalconKugelBlitz I absolutely realize that it was a joke, Ash. That's why I didn't say "You're wrong" or "That's false". I merely injected some factual information so that nobody came away with the idea that your joke was based in reality.
@@ErgoCogita it is very rare to see people like you. I appreciate this. Thank you.
ErgoCogita omg finally someone who adds the facts yet takes the joke
The reptile in the thumbnail, it's called something in the vein of longisquama, I remember having a book of dinosaurs when I was young and this one was always so interesting to me
mustve been cool randomly seeing it, more specifically seeing that another knows of and appreciates it too
That name literally just means Long Scale
"Early Protohorses" my favorite band.
They open for the Protomen
More of a Terrorbird fan, myself.
So the current mass extinction of insects is going to kickstart some weird critters soon.
soon in evolution is like a million years
Dick Grayson is it possible that it could be less time for insects because the length of time between generations is comparatively short?
@@leea8706 if so then maybe a thousand years
Killer wasps
Lee A there’s actually evidence of rapid evolution in as little as 50 years. So, given all flying insects suddenly went extinct, other insects could potentially develop flight rather quickly.
"Aight so i made this pie chart and every color is blue"
Underrated comment
I have to say that chart was hell to figure out for me, it all looked the exact same.
i mean the MS office templates are that way too
@@kyrin408
Have you been tested for color blindness?
For me the chart is easy and clear to read. But I agree that he should have used a broader spectrum of color to make it useful for you guys. Numbers as indicators would have been evn better.
Incredible stuff, loving the content!
Thank you
@@mothlightmedia1936 wtf two famous people rgith infront of me O-O
He should buy you some action figures, heaven forbid you buy them yourself.
@@kittygiatanidon4980 lol
YOOOOOOO HES IN THA HOUSE
It's so much simpler than that. After so many animals die, the developers have to go back to the drawing board and alot of photoshop trial and error happens. You just need to wait till the next update.
Cringe
@@luisaazul Not cringe.
Like the half upside down photoshopped cat at 1:22?
I thought it was the noobs that were free to try out whatever off-meta build they wanted after the hardcore players were wiped out by the devs.
*TierZoo want to know your location*
counterpoint: All animals are weird, we are just more used to the non-extinct ones, the famous extinct ones, and those that look like them.
You can still compare them. The first tetrapods were objectively "weird", unusual, as chordates able to walk on land, but that was such a successful group today they're less weird. This video is about the radiations that weren't so successful.
@@jamesrochester2459 I guess my point is more philosophical... not even really a point, just a fun observation/joke on what it means to be "weird" lol. Imagine being an alien seeing Earth fauna for the first time: You wouldn't think some of them are any less weird just because they are more common. In that way, all animals are weird, some look weirder to us because they were less successful and thus we saw less of them or things similar to them
@@myky992 In case you were not aware, certain "Designs" are common in specific niches. This is called convergent evolution. Environments prefer one trait over another. Over time all other adaptations will disappear.
We call them weird because they deviate from the established "Meta."
Weird in an evolutionary point of view. Crocodiles are so adapted to their niche that they remained incredibly similar tho how they looked when the dinosaurs were around. They’re so adapted that any variation would end up in failure.
So a land based crocodile out of the blue is weird and wouldn’t even be possible except in the case mentioned by the video.
That’s what makes it weird.
@@joshuamcleod3442 Absolutely true, like I said mine was more of a joke but also an observation on how even the well established "designs" are incredibly weird if you manage to see them with an alien's eye, with no concept of what is "the established meta".
Are you a fan of tierzoo as well by chance? XD
Makes you wonder what strange animals will evolve in the future in the wake of everything our civilisation has done...
Giant Cockroaches and Rats
More carnivorous crows/more city bird of prey maybe ? There's no predator living entirely in cities, even though there are so many pigeons and rats they could eat
David McCarthy I’ve always thought that seagulls will start propagating out. They have a lot of characteristics - aggressiveness, brazen fearlessness, curiosity, cute offspring, relatively dominant size to the niche around - that make they a good candidate for some to become full predators, as well as maybe develop into city based versions of sea birds with adaptations to their beaks. They have a temperament that allows them to survive near traffic and humans, who can stop them?
Maybe AI will take over and controle humans as slaves
@@davidmccarthy4206 in some cities in Brazil, you can observe birds of prey filling that niche! The most common one is Rupornis magnirostris, that looks just like a pigeon and blends in well in the urban areas
. It's commonly known in the Americas as the "Roadside Hawk"
Awesome videos man. Keep up the excellent work. You have found a curious and devoted subscriber in me.
Thank you, I'm Glad you've enjoyed them
Feel the same way these are my kind of vids
Everything is strange when its their first time:
Look at early cars
Look at early software
Look at early UA-cam Content
Why am I on this video
Look at first condom
Looks at humor
Current state of VR
A good introduction to the concept of adaptive evolution, and a nice showcase for weird and wonderful beasts.
1:11 good job artist, you drew the sabertooth with a merged stomach and back.
what truly is fucked up
Most fascinating for me is that the best evolutionary design is always having not more than one head. For any creature out there, apart from obvious mutations.
as a plane enthusiast, i hugely love your comparison between animal and plane evolution.
This is a really great video - I've always loved weird Cenozoic mammals, but I've never connected the dots there might be an empirical reason why they were weirder, beyond just unfamiliarity.
Your comperison of plain designs and evolution is amazing, makes all things in the universe more connected
Imagine how the fellas that dug up the dinosaur bones for the fist time must have felt
All those dragon stories that popped up independently all over the world came from somewhere. Some fossils aren't buried very deep
I know it's a vast oversimplification, but it's cool to kind of think of the Terror birds as the Earth's attempt to return to the business as usual of theropod dinosaurs as the apex land predator. Unfortunately, this mass extinction set the dinosaurs back further than previous ones, leaving only a single, though diverse, lineage of dinosaurs to carry on their legacy: _birds._
The fact that the K-Pg extinction may have involved both the Chicxulub impact event _and_ climate change due in part to the Deccan Traps can seem a bit too coincidental or even at odds with Occam's razor when the widely accepted bolide seems sufficient. I think, however, the fact that the destructive effect of these two overlapping, catastrophic events begin to make a bit more sense when you realize that the dinosaurs, which were such a diverse and dominant lineage for so long, had already survived multiple mass extinction extinction events. Rather than framing the events as the dinosaurs, who were already decreasing in diversity due to climate change, being struck by the asteroid/comet experienced a superfluous amount of bad luck, I think a better way to frame the events is to take into consideration just how hardy and successful they were as a lineage. Perhaps a seemingly-improbable double-whammy was actually _necessary_ to finally bring an end to the "Age of the Dinosaurs." The fact that they'd already survived, and remaining lineages eventually bounced back, following previous disasters that decreased their diversity is evidence that the Deccan Traps or the impact event alone may not have been sufficient to end their dominant positions on land, and might've just resulted in the end of the Cretaceous and the beginning of some fourth division of what might be thought of as an extended Mesozoic. What may have happened instead, however, is that at least two devastating events took place -- which isn't as statistically unlikely as one might expect when considering the timescale involved (Mesozoic = 186 million years). The _Tyrannosaurus rex,_ for instance, lived closer to our own time (66 million years ago) than it did to the Jurassic (150 million years ago). So in that sense, we're still kind of living in the aftermath of the destruction of what has been Earth's default form of land vertebrate.
Neat. There was a time when paleontologists thought they went extinct because they were just not good enough at life.
One more thing to note:
Synapsids (mammals and animals more closely related to them than to reptiles) might actually be more impressive when it comes to surviving mass extinctions than even the dinosaurs. Their story is actually surprisingly poetic. They were first extremely diverse during the Permian after the C-P extinction that destroyed the habitat of most of the dominant crocodile-like amphibians called temnospondyls and the giant arthropods. The period was extremely harsh, possibly the harshest in Earth's history, packed with three devastating mass extinction. The first, the very poorly understood Olson's extinction, wiped out most of the sail-backed synapsids like Dimetrodon and Edaphosaurus, causing giant floods near the coasts and a multi-continent sized extremely arid desert. The second was about as deadly as the K-Pg extinction, known as the Campanian extinction, causing a devastating loss in synapsid population and death of one of my favourite animals ever, the rhino-sized Anteosaurus, the biggest ever terrestrial carnivorous synapsid (including mammals). The last was the infamous P-T extinction, better known as the Great Dying, which wiped out 95% of all life on Earth, including the dominant carnivorous saber-toothed gorgonopsids. But the synapsids survived, adapting into even more forms, like Lystrosaurus which once accounted for 95% of the Earth's population. One of its descendants was the elephant-sized Lisowicia, the biggest non-mammalian synapsid. Other synapsids like the venomous wolf-like therapsids survived too and the closely related mammalian ancestors (Mammaliaformes) hang on too, but the apex predator niche was lost to the big-headed archosaurimorphs and later to the terrestrial crocodile ancestors, the pseudosuchians (some of which, like postosuchus and poposaurus, look surprisingly like bear-sized theropods). The synapsid herbivores were also slowly outcompeted by the bigger early sauropodomorphs (commonly known as prosauropods). The T-J mass extinction (or the end-Triassic mass extinction) wiped out the last non-mammaliaform synapsids, as well as the theropod-like pseudosuchians, leaving only the crocodilians and the surprisingly underrated terrestrial notosuchians (probably because they are thought of as primitive). This gave room for the theropods (which were small generalists at the time) to claim the apex predator niche, thus making dinosaurs dominant when it came to both carnivorous and herbivorous niches. Most of them, as you know, died in the K-Pg mass extinction. The last synapsids (mammaliaforms) also took a heavy blow, many groups were wiped out and all marsupials and egg-laying mammals went extinct on the northern continents (former Laurasia), leaving only the placentals there. However the southern continents (former Gondwana) were full of them, while also housing unique placentals like the xenarthrans, notoungulates, afrotheres and giant rodents, as well as many non-mammals like the famous terror birds and the biggest Cenozoic carnivores, the terrestrial notosuchians (I told you they are underrated) known as Sebecids. The northern continent was also inhabited by giant herbivorous birds like Gastornis and carnivorous hoofed terrestrial crocodiles known as Baurusuchids, but they were quickly wiped out by rapid climate change (not outcompeted though, as often thought). Unfortunately the southern continents with the most unique fauna are now mostly lost (excluding Australia). The last true one was South America, but it was going through a minor mass extinction right before the faunal interchange with North America, causing its fauna to be outcompeted.
So as you can see, mammal ancestors might be even more impressive, as they once ruled the Earth in the Permian, took a massive blow in the Great Dying, bounced back in the Triassic, but then got outcompeted by dinosaurs after another mass extinction. After the near extinction of the dinosaurs, they started ruling the Earth again in the Cenozoic (although in some places they were still kept in check by crocodile relatives and birds up to very recently, like in South America and Australia).
@@rafexrafexowski4754 Very well said! The evolutionary history of the synapsids is incredibly interesting, as well as the relationships between the extant and extinct mammal clades. The multituberculates are super fascinating for instance. An order that's placed with crown mammals, yet doesn't fall neatly into the Therians or Monotremes and survived well into the Cenozoic. They had incredibly alien dental anatomy and chewing motion that's essentially nonexistent in extant mammals; chewing front-to-back instead of the opposite or side-to-side. They were superficially rodent-like, but their incisors didn't continually grow and seemed more like tweezers they'd use to manipulate food rather than doing the majority of the gnawing. Instead, they'd pass it back with their weird backwards jaw motion, where giant, lower premolars that kind of looked like partial, forward-facing circular-saw blades in more derived clades would then do the gnawing/slicing. We're not even sure how they gave birth. Based on their pelvis anatomy, they may have been similar to metatherians, giving live birth to underdeveloped young, or they could've laid eggs. Very weird.
I also find South America pre-interchange interesting. In some ways it was like a bizzaro-universe version of the Cenozoic, with Sebecids almost being an echo of the Triassic pseudosuchians and theropods maintaining a dominant role in the form of the Terror birds. Not to mention the examples of convergent evolution, such as the Metatherian sabre-tooth Thylacosmilus (sp?) or the Notoungulates.
A lot of this applies to Homo Sapiens as well.
Why would it not? It applies to all animals
@@thekito4623 cause we're not animals, we are special snowflakes sent from the heavens by the gods to bless this planet. We have nothing in common with animals at all, thats why we look so different.
BlackLeo - I agree with the “snowflakes” part. Everyone gets triggered if you have your own opinions and mind. You have to be a part of the hive mind.
@@dionysus3774 the earth is flat, im tired of people hating on me cause I share a different opinion. Everyone knows the world is just a flat plain floating thru space on a turtles back.
BlackLeo - I 100% agree. We’re on a plate, we were born from the left over food some celestial being left out. We’re bacteria. Ps. All lives matter
I could be wrong but isn't it basically just a result of empty niches being filled by what's left over?
Yeah it’s like a lot of people are trying to go into the room but they are all stuck at the door . Eventually all of them except one get pushed out the door and that’s how it all ends up
@@royalteluis623 and said person splits into 9 different people because he loses his mind...
Im wondering if and when youre gonna get the sudden boom of viewers I feel you deserve with the quality you are consistently releasing, hope its soon.
"Sudden boom" "deserve"? You mean for stealing the video ideas from other channels, rewording the scripts, and using shittier graphics?
@@evanroberts2771 link the videos he steals from and the scripts hes using please
@@r.alexander9075 PBS Eons. ua-cam.com/channels/zR-rom72PHN9Zg7RML9EbA.html
TREY the Explainer
ua-cam.com/channels/OuWeOkMrq84u5LY6apWQ8Q.html
For starters...
@@evanroberts2771 The videos not the channels
@@mnsmn1834 Pick ANY video topic on this channel, and you'll find it on THOSE channels, released ATLEAST a year earlier.
All he's done is taken the commentary, switched it up a bit, and added piss poor animation to it.
And dude, i'm not going to do a video comparison, as that'd involve me putting in more work on the subject than he did...
Its hard to realize how LONG all this takes. Like, animals dont just evolve rapidly when changes come about, it still takes millions of years!
0:27 I’ve never seen a photo bring the words “oh shit” to life so perfectly.
How could any animal support a neck like that, especially horizontal? And why? This deserves it's own video my friend. Wow
thats easy ... the devs basically return the game to alpha and mess around with new potential builds until they settle on a new meta
aaaah I love tierzoo
"Why do Animals Look so Strange After Mass Extinctions"?
Seriously?...You try finding a decent hair stylist after armageddon.
A decent hair stylist right now is hard to find xD
This is great on so many levels. Jokes with multiple meaning are seriously the best.
@@sehvehn7955 Lmfaooo you're fucking hilarious. Just made my week
Nature gets wasted.
@@sehvehn7955 exactly
I like your analogy with evolving animals and the invention of airplanes, I'm sure it's helped a lot of people understand a Lil more (including me)
WHO TF CLD DISLIKE THIS 🤦 I get it not being your taste but to dislike something so harmless, informative, and g rated baffles me
This is an aspect of evolution that I hadn't even considered, let alone been aware of. Truly fascinating and so wonderfully illustrated.
Very illuminating.
What a very clear, concise, and succinct overview of adaptive radiation! Well done!
moth media: unusual morphology resulting from adaptive radiation
tierzoo: aN oVeRaBUnDaNcE Of JaNk
Great explanation! You really clarified an aspect of evolution that I kind of knew about but under estimated how much of an effect niche occupation has.
👍😎👍
4:37 dat boi looks like he's ready to go.
Your aviation analogy is a good one, but feel you could have elaborated on it for clarity: at the dawn of powered flight, pretty much every configuration was attempted at some point; however once a dominant design had evolved, early jets used that a starting point so only the elements directly impacted by this new technology changed whilst other elements, such as monoplane layout, are common to almost all of these variations in the same way that bill adaptions aside, the Honeycreeper was fundamentally unchanged
I just think it's funny at 1:00 the plane with 70 wings was the last to survive.
Clearly explained and highly educational videos. Keep up the good work!
Early Triassic update was a time man...
It’s a time when everyone are still trying to figure out the best build to adapt after the Permian Extinction event..
I'm a native Floridian and 4:01 is utterly spine chilling
This was a really interesting video. It's interesting to think that a chain of mass extinctions was necessary for human development.
This video had two 47minute ads before watching. Im glad there is a skip button but its crazy that one ad is longer than the video
4:04 is a genuinely hilarious image and I can't say why
Amazing choice of topic and such a perfect and interesting way of telling it
i like how someone actually built a wall to use as a plane
I had not heard of many of these, a few (hooved carnivores and that weird croc). I found it fascinating!!
So I was going to take your suggestion and subscribe. I was happy to see I was already subscribed!!
1:23"There were giant birds called
Phorusrhacids colloquially known as
terror birds that were the main apex
predators in South America".Sebecids:Hold my beer(seriously, why does everyone ignore them).
1. They're rarely featured on any Paleo documentaries
2. Land crocs are not as cool as giant predatory birds
@@ekosubandie2094 Fair.
Like your style
Straight to the point no boring introduction
I always hear the Darwin's finches example, it was nice to see the Hawaiian Honeycreepers instead
Good video. It made me wonder about convergent evolution of the most successful survivors. The reasons are simple curiosity, and pondering on extraterrestrial life. Subscribed.
My guess before i watch the video: there's so much empty egological space on the ecosystem after a mass extinction wiped much of the old ones out that you don't even need to be flawless to survive in the new world which now has much less competition and you can freely just be something wacky
3:30
Wow this is some cool art, I enjoy it. Thanks for introducing me to a cool paleoartist.
YAAAAY MOAR SCIENCE CHANNELS
I AM NOW OFFICIALLY SUBBED AS HELL
Thanks for that! Your videos keep teaching me new stuff every time :)
It’s this and convergent evolution that make me think that if stumbled upon a world with alien life, we wouldn’t see much to blow our mind morphologically. Likely as well chemically due to carbon chemistry being the only real suitable game in town for life.
1:25 I thought you said forest rocket, which is sounded really cool
Mass Extinction: happens
Animals and Plants: OOOOOUUUUGHHHH TIME TO GET WEIRD
Please keep making videos like these they are phenomenal
5:57 "For over a hundred million years, nearly all animals looked like rodents"
Rodent planet
Excellent. especially the low key voice over. thank you.
I wonder... some of the information I've read about cheetahs seems to suggest they could easily classify as one of these "strange" forms which by all rights shouldn't exist anymore.
Only stumbling block being that they still do. :)
It's an interesting what-if.
Cheetahs hunt solely during the day as they are capable of catching their prey in a straight up foot race; they're pretty much unique to their environment in that aspect. Other predators mostly hunt at night as they rely on ambush tactics. I'd wager if there was a slight modification to the African Savannah the cheetah would adapt far poorer than the less "strange" predators and likely quickly go extinct. If the African Savannah were to become more temperate and forested the cheetah's sprint speed would likely be far less useful and slower, ambush-based predators would be more successful.
I am loving these documentaries but I just wish they would be a little louder on the cell phone.
I never understood why UA-cam has so many different variations in volume.
You can always turn it down but you can't turn it up past maximum.
That's a silly complaint don't worry this is amazing job you are doing.
How many more species may be uncovered if extensive archaeology could be conducted under the deepest parts of the oceans? We have literally only scratched the surface.
I just realized, your logo looks like a Teepee.
Yeah I agree, a teepee with eyes though
@@mothlightmedia1936 Eyepee, or Teeeye?
Looks like it could be a badminton shuttle-cock too...sort of.
@@mixererunio1757 eyepee doesn't sound that good
Your vids are very well done and informative indeed!
Great video! I subscribed and will check out the others soon.
Very good subject matter, not discussed as often so it's a unique topic at least on UA-cam. Good job, was very informative, thank you so much!
Great videos. I'll refer to your channel in comments if thats ok.
Thank you
How did I just find this channel?! Awesome stuff!
Simple, every life form is trying to adapt with the new meta, hence why they tried to create new builds
This is a good example of “Take your time and don’t rush”
The narrator sounds like when you're in middle school and the teacher asks a random student to start reading from the textbook.
Brief and concise videos! I love it! You deserve more subscibers, man.
I wonder what adaptive radiation might bring in the aftermath of the current (human-induced) mass extinction.
Animals that doesn't fear humans it's already happening
@@th3_ph4ntomreborn31 i wonder what would happen if humans suddenly died out? i mean we're practically at the top of the food chain. I think there wouldnt be much difference
2:00 .. Damnit! The birds almost made it. What a shame.
5:55 i assume you meant mammals, not animals?
Common Pepe no all animals looked like rodents listen to the sentence and look at the pictures 😲
Yes he did
Fungo4 no all animals looked like mamels look at the picture u will see a crocodilian that looks like a small rodent
No he did not ... wanna know why CUS ITS TRU ALL ANIMALS WERE SmOLL RODENTS FOR A PERIOD
just randy I don’t have the time for a smoll child pretending he is right
I love this channel!!😁
for the omnivore the better representation would've been the racoon, the pig/men and the bear
i love the subtle background music .
“...all animals looked like rodents...”
you meant to say all mammals, right?
Nah bro even the fish looked like rodents back then.
Proxy 46 hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm /:(
Geοrge Tapp
Everything was on a cob.
@zero one nah, pretty sure they meant “all animals looked like mammals”
Captions would really help understand the more unique names. This is so incredibly interesting
Damnnn this is so goood you should try for discovery !!!♥️
Thank you that means a lot
Still dont understand the lack of subs, this channel is great
Why do animals look so strange after mass extinction.
Excuse you!, giraffes, elephants, rhinos, hummingbirds and those dancer birds have something to say
Imagine some dolphins take the world after our time and start making expeditions in some special suit (like astronaut suit but they breathe air so, a bit different) and they start to dig skeletons from elephants and the mentioned above, then some dolphintuber make a video titled *squeaky squeack! Squeack squeackens squeack!* ( Dolphin for 'Why do animals look so strange after mass extinction') and some dumb ass dolphin named 'turtledo' comment about some kind of paradox about it
Brilliant so much explanation packed in few minutes
You have a lot of nerve calling them “strange”
We’re literally some of the only hairless apes on the planet
What if I shaved a chimp? I bet you’d feel pretty ridiculous for making that comment wouldn’t you.
Fillip Smith do it, smartass.
Fox Wilder five days later, he was found with his limbs and dick ripped off
Your mom wasn't hairless last night
Hairless?
Not even close. We have just as many hair follicles per square inch as the other great apes.
Our hair is just very fine compared to the other apes.
Great little video. An example of punctuated equilibria
Before i start the video, let me guess...
Because they're new and didn't reach the perfect shape for their niches yet.
(Convergent evolution)
The plane metaphore made me understand right away great tip
Something similar happens in pomemon and yu gi oh whenever a new generation or format comes around. In pokemon, when a new game with new pokemons is released, you see all kinds of crazy teams, but as time passes and people notice how shitty some pokemons are and how shitty some older ones have become, you start to see the same mons being overused. In yu gi oh, when a new format comes, like when link summoning appeared, same shit, all kinds of crazy decks, but then tournament season comes and only some decks get any use because they just destroy the competition. The difference between game and real life is that in game the best carda are banned to keep the game competitive, in real life the shitty creatures get extinct because they suck.
I love your videos man. Subscribed !
*some time traveling smart dinosaurs from the Cretaceous*
“Why do animals keep evolving into the same way every time after mass extinction,”
This is actually easy to understand thank you for making this video
Boomers don't realize that they evolved from a mass extinction.