Evolution Of Penguins
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- Опубліковано 11 вер 2019
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This video explains how Penguins went from normal sea birds into the specialised flightless swimmers we know and love today. It will answer questions like why can't penguins fly? Where did penguins come from? and talk about the giant penguins that use to live on earth.
Sources:
www.academia.edu/20522770/A_p...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
Convergent evolution: nature's practical joke on scientists
@Dieter Gaudlitz What do you mean by hype of cladistics?
Practical joke? I'd say the biggest example of evolution being real as natural pressures bring about similar designs to fill a niche.
Good one, made me laugh
Wish I could see a great auk today.
God Bless The Internet Most cultures branch off of and root into those of neighboring nations.
For the "northern penguin" you need to look up the great auk (Pinguinus impennis). Large, flightless, and occupied pretty much the same ecological niche.
@@mootuslootus5463 hahahahhahah
...unfortunately extinct...! :-(
@@Packless1 I mean if we stayed in Africa, they wouldn't be!
@@LarsTonguesInAspix ...good point...!
Came into comments to say the same thing. I used to work with one of the few taxidermy specimens of this animal. They're quite penguin like and related to puffins/razorbills. Very much went extinct due to human actions through 16th to 19th century.
5:00 the great auk was a “northern penguin equivalent” and related to puffins. Convergently evolved. Even the name penguin comes from a Celtic word for auk.
Origin of penguins and their closest avian relatives?
Skipper: *"Kowalski, Analysis!"*
what if we flew, but in water.
I see this as an absolute win
And that’s how the penguin do
Jojo_timmy berrrrrd
@@rooseveltbrentwood9654 *byerrrrd
jk jk
unless...
Penguins are the bird versions of whales and seals
Yes
Penguins are not birds though.
@@ConcordTheGymnogyps cause the bible told you so?
@@ConcordTheGymnogyps _what_
Willie Wagtail [From Dot and the Kangaroo] i’m sorry what else would they be?
@@aaronkisitu4855 They're tiny men in feather suits and helmets.
In the late 1960's my wife and I were visiting relatives in the San Francisco Bay Area. While driving back south we stopped along Highway 1 somewhere near Half Moon Bay to walk on a secluded beach. We were walking along the small beach when we saw something coming out a wave a few yards from us and move on its belly up on the wet sand. My life shouted out, "Look, a Penguin!" Sure enough, there was a small black and white Penguin just like the ones we had seen at the San Diego zoo a year before. Its color pattern was kind of like the striped sides on the Galapagos Penguin. The bird took one look at us, and still on its belly, turned and pushed into the next incoming wave. It porpoised once in the shallow water, and then disappeared. I have never heard of a Penguin that far north, so I figured no one would believe what we saw. All I can guess is the bird was VERY lost, and was as surprised to see us are we were to see it.
oldgysgt Should’ve made a left turn at Albuquerque.
That's awesome! I'm from the Bay Area and have never seen penguins here, but it honestly wouldn't surprise me if they occasionally were blown up from the Galapagos. California has a long coastline, and it'd be easy for a chance encounter like that to be missed. How lucky you guys were!
@@Kaytoun the bugs bunny penguin episode ,I got you .that's all folks
I believe you. I mean, why not? A random penguin lost out of it's normal climate. It could happen.
Awww you called your wife your life.
1.5 meter penguin, that's brilliant! Wish they were around now.
@Dieter Gaudlitz But how good are their hugs?
Didn't they just discover a fossil of a penguin who was 2.6 metres tall?
Dieter Gaudlitz All penguins have deviant tendencies far greater than those of any child
I absolutely love everything you put out Stefan
@@ANTSEMUT1 Hm, the only news I can find are about 1.6 meter penguin
It’s mind boggling that these birds appeared so quickly after the extinction of the dinosaurs, by only 3.5 million years!
Many niches were just left vacant causing huge ecological gaps after the K-T. Birds were already present and flourishing for 100 million years, when the extinction hit and all their Dinosaur relatives died, they were the first to fill in the missing niches. Giant predatory birds continued the proud Therapod tradition of being top predators, following in the footsteps of their Raptor cousins. Penguin like Birds already existed, like Hesperornis, and Penguins evolved to fill their nieche.
@@roadhigher yep, many of the top predators died, allowing bird like dinosaurs to evolve into whatever they wanted based on food and where it was easiest to locate. During that time most of the remaining food was in the ocean.
Peguins are dinosaurs stupid
Why is it such a surprise? Something's gotta be best when that spot opens up.
@@venth6 you know what he meant, stop being an obnoxious nitpicking nerd.
I've always wondered if penguins are a living transition animal that could some day evolve into a full time water species like an ichthyosaur or dolphin.
All species are transitional species.
They lay eggs and even more signicantly, they have to moult their feathers every year. It's hard to see how those two factors could gradually change through evolution to allow them to entirely avoid land.
@@Dave_Sisson Live birth has evolved in multiple sauropsid species, and switching from a single molt to ongoing shedding could solve the issue of the feathers.
Well, the famous speculative paleontology book "after man" has just such a creature in its world 50 Million years in the future,
A scientist has released new findingss on the benefits of penguins being flightless. Appropriately, it's on Falklands TV news. ua-cam.com/video/FZhp5YPVULM/v-deo.html
I thought the "northern penguins" were the great auks?
yep, in fact the word "penguin" originally referred to the great auk, not the southern penguins we know today
Bruh the northern penguins got eaten but no one eats southern penguins?
@@Kyle-gw6qp No one lives in antartica bruh
@metaphysicalgraffiti I aim to please
@@pairot01 polar bears: am I a joke to you?
If flippers are upside down wings, penguins should have tried flying on their backs 🤔
New Penguin update coming soon?
@@lemurpie9381 "soon"
Probably as soon as Hollow Knight: Silksong releases.
So in a few million years.
genius
If you get pecked by a penguin, you will turn into a werepenguin during the next full moon.
Is that what happened to Burgess Meredith in the Batman television series.
And you would then become Anthropornis ("man-bird")
Reminds me of Dwarf Fortress (were animals) I once played an adventure as were-raccoon. Nothing like transforming in the middle of town and ripping guards apart as a giant super strong raccoon
and your new moves will be Drill Peck, Close Combat, Mirror Move, and Roost
@@edoardocastelnovi7154 I'd replace -pornis with -suinae (Anthrosuinae or man-pig) or -canis (Anthrocanis or man-dog) to further offend the elderly chinese people who love pushing/shoving their way to board public transport in Singapore..
But there was an aquatic bird like the penguin that went extinct in the northern hemisphere the Great Auk, so the hypothesis of why there are not flightless aquatic birds in the northern hemisphere due to predators maybe is false.
Fun fact:
Antarctica is the last diapsid stronghold being exclusively inhabited by dinosaurs (if you ignore those few curious naked apes that temporarily dwell there in tin boxes).
What about leopard seals?
@@robokill387
Or orcas...
Robot killer I think they mean on land
@@domsquaaa4323 Do seals count as land animals?
@@stefanalexanderlungu1503 they only come on land to breed, so no
I am fairly sure they lost the ability to fly due to their weight, to survive the cold an emperor penguin is a fairly chubby 23kg while the wandering Albatros the bird with the longest wingspan is 7kg
Wow, only 7kg!?!? It's so huge!
@@opposumness3107 Yeah a lot of it just hollow bones and feathers (and powerful muscles ofc, but only in the parts of their bodies where they need to be that strong for flight). In general birds are waaaay lighter than they look.
@@user-ed9qu5im2y yeah, I know.
But still, it's hard to fathom. They can grip and carry quite a lot of their mass, those winged ones.
I once experienced a seagull dropping a rock the size of my hand with fingers extended down right between my pet rabbit and me. Would've killed the rabbit and maybe even me, if it hit my head.
That rock must've weighed about 1-2kg . If an albatross weighs 7kg, then that seagull nearly lifted half its body weight - I'm speculating.
Chapter one, too fat to fly
I too lost my ability to fly during quarantine
Dude, I'm going to be honest with you. I have learned and sustained more information from your videos than I have in school. You are doing a great job, keep up the good work! These video's will motivate so many teens to consider biology as a major.
Fascinating, I've always wondered how penguins evolved to be so unique compared to other birds
Thank you
This is awesome! I wonder if whales never evolved that a giant baleen penguin would have evolved instead?
Thank you and it's entirely possible or maybe deep sea penguins that ate giant squid
Packs of killer penguins that chased down seals and sharks.
@Dieter Gaudlitz Still, tis a fun thought experiment.
I think it would have been very hard for penguins to become truly fully aquatic due to their reproductive systems. Fully aquatic marine tetrapods all seem to have had one very important trait in common, they give birth to live young. This is obviously true of modern fully aquatic marine mammals, but also seems to have been true of ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs, quite a rare trait amongst reptiles but seemingly unanimous amongst this lifestyle.
It seems likely to me that penguins body plans are more limited due to this, they have to return to land in order to give birth which means their body needs to function on land. They can't be as specialised as swimmers as whales are which makes exclusively filter feeding and supporting massive bodies much harder, not to mention that it's hard to make a body that large function on land at all.
Without being fully aquatic there seems to be a smaller size limit imposed on filter feeders. There are birds that fill this niche and they're certainly not what you'd call small, flamingos are rather large but they're still no whales. Of course, to even get a penguin to this point you'd need the right set of mutations and selective pressure to cause this. A small semi-aquatic filter feeding penguin doesn't seem evolutionary impossible, but without internalising their eggs they were never going to become avian whales. Again, the internalisation of eggs isn't impossible and has happened multiple times throughout history but it just further complicates the pathway for whale-penguins to develop.
@@Lankpants I never thought about the eggs. I guess you are right, fully aquatic penguins could not have happened without a major change in the way how these birds reproduce. But there used to be fully aquatic reptiles, I wonder how they did it.
Idk why, but today under shower i was like: where did the penguins come from and why do they live in antartica?
everyone is all like "penguins could never live in the north!" and im here just sayin...
what about great auks?
From what I have just read, the Great Auk is not closely related to Penguins, although they fill much the same niche.
Indeed, Great Auks are, obviously, auks, or alcids, which include plenty of flying species including the puffins. Known great auk nesting sites were remote, rocky islands; while attacks on nesting sites by polar bears were not unheard of, great auks overall did not have that many predators.
They couldn't live there and thus went extinct
It's a shame most of the megafauna is extinct. I wish giant penguins were still around today :(
It's even more frustrating because they became extinct so recently, giant penguins became extinct 150 years ago. Similar to Dodos. And even the last Mammoths were still alive as the pyramids were built.
@@Chillerll it was smaller mamoths though, still impressive but not quite as jaw dropping
@@Chillerll giant penguins became extinct 150? Years ago? Wtf? 1-5-0 years ago? Are u sure?
@@zieckenbritz811 I looked it up on wikipedia. I mean specifically the great auk. The article says:
The great auk had disappeared from Funk Island by 1800.
So its more like 200 years, but still not a very long time ago.
Well we better not the megafauna we have left ever go extinct.
I read the mountains of madness so I was curious about penguin evolution. You video contained the information in an easy to follow timeline
@Zero
And fortunately we did not have to deal with the Old Ones or rebel Shoggoths to learn about it!😁
Can we all bow in awe of this man...super smooth presentation and great content. One of my fastest subs ever and on deck for a Patreon sub.
The northern hemisphere had a penguin like bird called the great auk is possible that the reason penguins didn’t get a foot hold in the north is because great auks already leaved there
Just found this channel I absolutely love your work! Your voice is very calming too so it’s great whenever I need to wind down with some fascinating stuff
Another great video. I really like this channel, the way you present information and combine it with paleoart just works for me. I've tried to think of some suggestions for videos: evolution of bats, paleozoic invertebrates, recently extinct animals - either focusing on one species or mentioning several. You could definitely make more videos about birds. This is the first one you have done and there are many topics to choose from. Large flightless birds in South America and New Zealand, Argentavis, Pelagornis, Bullockornis or maybe birds right after the split from non-avian dinosaurs.
Thank you and Yeah, cretaceous birds are awsome.
Fantastic attention to detail, and sequential logic. Thanks!
First time watcher. I thought it was a great video. I have subbed today and look forward to seeing more like this.
You make really interesting videos, and they are great to fall asleep to because your voice is so calm with English accent
this was my first video of yours ive seen and its really well thought out and informative and id love to hear about pangolins
Fun video! Thanks for posting!
Amazing video as usual, you're the only channel I have notifications on for! If you're looking for ideas I would love to see a video about terror birds or Phorusrhacids?
Thank you I really appreciate it and that sounds like a good topic
I've just discovered your channel ,great content.
Love your videos, suprised you don't have more subs, you definitely deserve them!
Thank you it means a lot
Moth Light Media is top notch binge watching youtube material. Can't get enough of these videos.
I love this video. Subbed and I'd to watch more similar videos
This is such a good channel!
You explain it all so well! Your channel kind of Reminds me of Ben G Thomas or PBS Eons.
Will you also do video's about extant taxons?
Thank you, there both great channels and maybe, what exactly did you want to learn about them
@@mothlightmedia1936 No problem!
It would be really interesting to see you do a video about Tetradontiform fish. Think cowfish, triggerfish, sunfish, vilefish etc. Or maybe the evolution of lice.
Dunno, I just think they are really interesting :D
He is less long-winded and more focused than Ben. And he gets right to the point and doesn't take 3 minutes to intro the video.
I came here from pbs.
@@mothlightmedia1936 *they're
I’m just imagining skipper from Madagascar saying “well we did it boys, we successfully survived the KT extinction “
Fantastic channel. Very surprised you don’t have a million subs yet. Soon!
Thank you I really appreciate it
Beautiful programmes!
Very nice like to watch more .🙂👍
Love this channel it should have alot more subscribers
Excellent! Cant believe ive never seen this channel before ;(
What do you mean "sometimes adorable"? Penguins are ALWAYS adorable!
Pegwings, penlings, pelguins... Pengwings. All your videos are great. Thank you for the great content and for saying ‘penguin’ proper.
There was a northern penguin analog called the great auk that was also flightless but was hunted to extinction by sailors in the 19th century
these videos are amazing
brilliant! thanks
Wow. Thanks. Its good video.
As you asked for a suggestion, what about the evolution of crocodiles?? I often hear that they've been around since the dinosaur age but can they really have undergone no evolutionary changes in all that time?
Stefan Milo I may be wrong, but I think I remember hearing as a child that the gator and shark families both existed before dinosaurs. I would love to see a video about it though, definitely!
That does sound like an interesting topic.
Crocodiloforms were one of the first diapsida to came into being, along the eons they have changed a lot to occupie a great amount of different niches.
@@Armatu5 Sharks are literally older than trees.
I love Penguins especially the orange flavour ones!
This useful video can be made more useful by minor improvements: printing out all the species names you mention so I can google them up without guessing if I want to further investigate, and the monotone voice can be made bit more vibrant.
Great channel! Can you do a video on the giant horses and huge hooves animals?
Lets thank the cameraman going back in time just to show the evolution of our adorable flightless avian friends
awesome video
I cannot believe you didn't mention the Guillemot. The Guillemot is penguin-like in appearance; very beautiful, slim, pointed bill, in summer a black or dark brown head and upperparts (in winter their heads go white), white underparts, dark legs and feet. Their color eyes are different like with us humans, from brown to blue, but the Guillemots have eyes so beautiful like one has never seen a diamond as beautiful as the eyes of a Guillemot.
does anyone else completely zone out for like a minute or two multiple times when watching moth light?
this channel is so educational 👍🏻
Thank you
a very informative video. I am now curious about the channel and other videos. But as others have said, the auks, and the great auk were the northern penguins, until we wiped them out.
Awesome video!!! Could you do a video on the (convergent) evolution of old worlds vs new world vultures! Or the Felidae family?
Thank you and yes, they are good ideas
You forgot to mention the Great Auk which was a flightless Marine Bird from the northern hemisphere.
Great video
They're in a Northern Hemisphere equivalent of the Penguins, it was called the Great auk which was wiped out by humans a couple hundred years ago.
The most amazing lightless aquatic bird!
love this❤
At 7:40 Super cool pic that just demands all kinds of promos - yoo
I LOVE THIS CHANNEL. That’s it. That’s all I got...
Ohh great vid
So fascinating
Thanks
I work at a Zoo, using your video, I've created a script to include in my Penguin talk, check it out:
Penguins are one of the few species of multi-celled organisms that inhabit some of the harshest environments on Earth, like Antarctica.
DNA evidence has Penguins closely aligned with Albatrosses and Petrels - but exactly where penguins came from is still up for debate.
Through evolution, penguins became highly specialized swimmers, but as a result, their wings became less adapted for flight.
Penguins have made a remarkable tradeoff in the course of their evolution. Their flippers, which are so essential to their survival underwater, have effectively become the reverse of bird's wings.
While birds' wings push air underneath to create lift, penguins' flippers push water above them, allowing them to swim with great efficiency. But this has come at a cost. In exchange for becoming master swimmers, they have lost the ability to fly, even though the ability to soar into the sky could have provided a crucial escape from seal predators.
Penguins likely filled the ecological niches left behind by extinct marine reptiles that once occupied the ocean during the days of the dinosaurs. They evolved in the harsh environments of the South Pole and spread throughout the southern hemisphere, adapting to warmer climates and speciating into various species. The lack of land predators and monopoly over small fish prey populations gave them a significant advantage.
There were various large species of penguins in the past, including the giant penguins, which were the height of humans. Today, smaller penguins have continued to survive due to less competition from large marine mammals.
The ancestors of penguins are believed to be closely related to the aptenodytes family, which includes the largest living species of penguins, the King and Emperor penguins.
In conclusion, penguins are highly adaptable creatures that have evolved to survive in some of the harshest environments on Earth. From their origins to their current state, they continue to fascinate and amaze us with their resilience and ability to evolve.
💗💗THANK YOU AS ALWAYS MOTH LIGHT !!!
We have Cape Penguins and they are so adorable.
This video is how all the others before this should be, with names to every relative on screen as you say it so people can learn more effectively.
Literally so epic
Regarding northern birds similar to penguins, look at the great auk. The flightless aquatic bird design worked fine in the northern hemisphere.
Nobody:
Penguin at 6:08 : I believe I can fly~ (underwater)
There was a northern penguin which was made extinct in the 19th century due to humans. It’s name was the great auk. It was actually what gave the penguins their name. It was flightless and filled the same niche as penguins. However their similarities are caused by convergent evolution they are not closely related.
Penguins planning out their playthrough like "i'm gonna evolve out of the ocean then evolve to fly then evolve into flightless bird then evolve to live in the ocean"
Then we have flying fish and squid evolving to fly.
parkour
I misread the title and kept wondering when you were going to talk about Pelagornis! lol
Well, there were one northern ”pinguin”. Called “Gejr-bird”.
The last speciment was caught by scientists from Copenhagen University, and is still to be found there in the exebition at the zoological museeum in Copenhagen.
da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gejrfugl
It's called Great Auk in English 🙂
Great summary of penguin evolution. ❤
However, I will point out that _Anthropornis_ is not known from New Zealand, but only from 2 species and indeterminate species on Seymour Island, Antarctica.
I cant believe you talked about penguins for nine and a half minutes without ever mentioning the OG penguin which the word originated with: The Great Auk
When i gain fortune and glory one day your channel shall have all the funding it could ever need.
Me: *Thinks about making a sandwich*
UA-cam: Evolution of Penguins
Me: *Yes.*
Let's get this straight
The waimanu is an avian dinosaur!!!!
5:20 that and the great auks already occupied that niche before getting killed off.
Penguins: I'm a dinosaur!
World: Okay
Penguins: I'M A BIRD!!!
World: Okay
Penguins: NOW I'M A SEAL!!!
World: FFS just pick one!
5:00 The Great Auk was the Northern equivalent bird of penguins. It went extinct in 1844. The word "Penguin" was originally applied to this bird before true penguins were known in England.
I wish they were still around. Extinct or Alive did an episode last year.
I wish you’d have mentioned some of Penguins other cool adaptations, such as the vascular heat-exchange in their feet.
Hey Moth! Could you please tell me what the song in the background of this video is called? It really helps me sleep.
Let me know if you find out how it's called please
Thank you for pronouncing emu correctly!
I love new wave!
I still dont understand evolution well enough. I want to keep hearing about that
Fun Fact: You can gather organic polymer from penguins by beating them to death with a club
You were talking about the mutually exclusive mechanics for swimming and flying. And then you mentioned the puffins which is in a way contradictory to this. I would like to hear more about puffins.
Puffins found some equilibrium between water and the air, they can do both but are limited in both. Penguins went totally water-adapted
the thought of a man-sized penguin is genuinely SO terrifying to me
why? theyre more huggable that way
@@kigut7443 Nah, they're stinky like old fish.
Nice video. Though I would have appreciated some basic basic facts such as how many species of penguin are there today.
My bf playing Ark: "babe, what is a kairuku?"
Me trying to write my thesis with instrumental Andes music in the backrground for inspiration: *watches an almost 10min video that has nothing to do with the game * "A type of prehistoric penguin!"
(Sidenote, the music fits well to the video. 10/10 I recommend)
Penguins are always adorable.
What about great auk? It was flightless and basically live like a penguin.