0:00 - Introduction 3:23 - Study Design 9:03 - Intermittent Fasting on Health Results 18:24 - "Fasting Increases Inflammation" 20:08 - Intermittent Fasting on Health Continued 23:00 - Conclusions/Take Aways
The blood pressure difference is quite amazing and easily explained. While being exposed to lower insulin levels the kidneys are better able to filter and excrete sodium and uric acid thus leading to lower blood pressure.
It still amazes me you can get such a benefit with no weight loss. I imagine the biggest benefit is more time clearing fat out of the liver instead of burning food to make sugar.
I eat less but three times a day and very healthy. Good markers. Pressure glicemia etc. Good wheight alsoi dont need to fast. Just good food and supplements
Had some issues with gastrointestinal reflex, tums were a staple in my cupboard during that time. Found out about IF, starting doing it. All I needed to do to cure my reflex was simply make sure my stomach had no food in it, when it was time to go to bed. No more tums, no more night time indigestion. The remedy...no food after 3 in the afternoon.
Interesting results, thanks. I suffer badly from reflux, but eat in the evening rather than the day. I notice that no food actually makes my acid rise, and drinking or eating keeps the acid working in the stomach.
@@chrise7359 Yeah, and then you lie down, and because you have acid in your stomach, that acid leaks out causing damage to the Esophagus, particularly to the flap that is suppose to prevent acid getting out. I do not drink anything when I eat, I find it prevents the acid from breaking down my food, and then the food stays longer in the stomach. Fluids dilute acids.
What I took from this video is that even if there is no weight loss fasting is benficial for our health, which is encouraging. I needed to hear that because this translates to me as IF is healing.
Thanks for the great insights into IF! Newest 2023 studies tease out why early time restricted eating works on a molecular level in conjunction with circadian rhythms. You might dive into them. Anyway thanks!!
I got a 150/90 BP last year from the school nurse i was so dizzy and had a persistent headache. I was told to go to a dr for a checkup, and that I may already need to have "maintenance meds." My colleagues were telling me the same thing but taking meds for the rest of my life is unacceptable to me. Went on intermittent fasting for a month, cutting down on carbs during the hours that I do eat (2pm-10pm). Had my blood work done after a month and everything was normal. 😇
Thanks for the video! Not sure if you’ll see this, but I was wondering if the researchers specified a time point in a day where they drew the blood and did the tests? I’m asking because I wonder by the time the tests were done, the two groups would be in different fasted/not fasted states. Or if this is all fasted values? Thanks!
I had to give in and start fasting when I stalled out on Keto and had to figure out another strategy to get the last few pounds off. I really didn't want to...really, really didn't want to....but it worked. For me it takes at least 18 to 20 hours to see any results. I should do longer but after 20 hours I turn into a werewolf.
Intermittent fasting is the greatest lever to improve health. I am usually 18/6 2mad but toss in 1mad once a week. Started about 2 yrs ago and now feeling best ever mentally and physically at 50! Wish I had this knowledge in my 20s.
Thank you for yet another fascinating video! I have familial hypercholesterolemia AND -triglyceridemia. I've been doing 18:6 and 16:8 IF to lose weight and boost my overall health. I'm on a low-carb but not keto diet. I was concerned to learn in this video that triglyceride levels increased in the eTRE protocol. Does this mean that following eTRE and/or other IF schedules could exacerbate my condition?
Thank you for your info 🥰😇 I love science and research, I read them as much as I can, but, more then that, I apply different ways to empower my body and health, out of research. I came to MY OWN CONCLUSIONS, my health and the way I'm eating. I am MY BEST TEST/PROOF what's working! Blessings 🥰😇
Thanks Nick! I think fasting for men and women are slightly different. Yes for men eating 4000 cal in 8hr window is hard but for small frame women eating 1200 cal in any window is easy. Although increase NEAT is a way to increase calorie burnt but not that much. So in a way, fasting comes to help (eating 1200 calories in 1 meal sounds reasonable) but still quite difficult (to stay within) Sorry I am ranting, and growing old doesn’t help lol
Oh yes, in that regard, I completely agree. If I had to only consume 1400 calories or something to that effect, I'd be thankful for that one to two meals, but truly consuming 4000 calories in one or two meals is a pain at times, although I shouldn't complain.
I am a woman who is down to well under 2000 cal a day for maintenance and I can tell you that eating 1200 cal at one time or even in six hours is not easy for me. Older people don’t have a lot of appetite to start with, so it isn’t hard to feel stuffed on, 400 cal, and 400 cal three times in six or eight hours feels like I’m basically stuffing myself because I’m never hungry. But I do eat when I’m not hungry now that I’m older because the few times I’ve experimented with not doing that, I ended up losing a lot of muscle.
Wait...well, alright, I haven't finished watching this, YET, 2 min in...but I CANNOT fathom eating 4000 cals. I got fat being put on prednisone for chronic pain 25 yrs ago (5'8" 129lbs very fit) was diagnosed with fibromyalgia @7 yo. 270lbs later(maxed). NOT fit. Also a side effect w/fibromyalgia I can't eat much and my husband makes veggie/berry smoothies with avocados and nut butter. I don't Ever eat before 8am, never past 6. And very conscious of not eating bread/carbs/no pasta because it hurts my stomach. But 4000 carbs is an insane for me. Btw, moved to Costa Rica just over a yo, quit my 9to5 and my wt is down to 235 encounting. Fresh produce, no work stress, more (gentle) movement. Also, I quit prednisone 10 yo when I learned about how detrimental it is. I'm always going to be in pain, prednisone just causes more problems than it's worth. I've always had a fast metabolism, I think it would've still been the same had I not been put on pred. My brother is still 6'2 170 lbs dude is 55.5, I'm 54 and he's eaten his whole life trying to gain, just can't 😅, people mistook us for twins up until my awful prednisone journey.
Great stuff. I did 18/6 fasting around 3 years ago for around 8 months and it was great. Latelly, I have been thinking about jumping on IF again, your vid convinced me even more... huh.
@@CMDRunematti I lost a lot of weight that time and wanted to get more lean weight. In retrospect, I would just switch things differently but kept IF, because that time, I did not track my protein intake. I did not know anything about nutrition basically, did not watch my macros at all, just ate what I had. I am thinking about trying it again, more calculated amd better this time.
@@kubislavcze yeah you could've kept IF, if for nothing else to control hunger, isn't it nicer to not have to bother with it? I'm currently trying OMAD, with greater and lesser success. Also mixing up when I'm the day I'm eating, so grelin never knows when to make me hungry... Been a challenge to eat enough tho, so be careful to not starve yourself!
Hi Nic, thank you for your work. It truly is valuable. I have a request: how about some content investigating (Intermittent) Fasting using Fats like butter, heavy cream, MCT oil etc. I do IF but I don't really like black coffee and I can't seem to find (yet) a satisfying tea to replace coffee. So I put a little butter or cream in my coffee and I can easily go all day without food. I am very interested to see what the pros and cons are with fat fasting.
Yea, I've gotten a few requests on how to break a fast, as well as fasting with fats. Admittedly, I don't think fasting with fats is the same as pure water fasting, but it could still confer some benefits. Thanks for the suggestion, Kamran.
Did researchers mentioned when blood samples and BP measures were taken? Something tells me that if you look at blood glucose right in the end of 18h fasting window you'll get your lower number. And slight hypoglycemia might cause drop in BP.
Thanks for the breakdown. Interesting that the IF group was eating 3 times in a 6 hour window. I know why it was done but personally when I eat in a 6 hour window it's usually just 2 meals. The data jives with other isocaloric/non weight gain fasting studies where one group was a control and the other fasted 16 hours although the one I remember measured many health markers.
I was curious as to my the Intermittent Fasting arm occurred first, seemed counter intuitive to me. Then I skimmed the study after watching the video. I found this... "Much to our surprise, even after the seven-week washout period, all but one participant who first completed the eTRF intervention entered the second arm of the trial with substantially lower (≥25%) mean postprandial insulin levels." One has to be careful reading, as it's a double negative of sorts. Why would they be surprised? I think the comparison or "variance" of Control vs IF would invalidated by this. And, the variances would actually be much greater in some measurements. They essentially reset everyone's baseline then measured "the norm" or Control. Thoughts? Disclaimer: not a hater, enjoy your style very much. And have lost 10 pounds in 5 weeks, 16/8 IF & Low Carb.
Ignore the comments from those who don’t like where the objective data leads. It could be bots or some from let’s say sources with a $$$ vested interest in not having data come out that contradicts or challenges their brand and what they sell in anyway.
Haha, while I'm flattered, let's not pump my head too big, Joshua. I can be wrong and expect to be wrong in the future, and that's okay so long as we change our minds (like you mentioned). Thank you, though.
No. Fasting alone is not recommended at all, you should always fast in groups. Latest study #4051,2 shows that health benefits increase by 7% for every additional fasting buddy.
Right off . . . "any noticeable amount of weight". Anyone with a desire to lose weight will not overlook ANY amount of weight loss. And I think the problem is "filters" aka biases. It's all in how one looks at the issue, what they want to find vs what they structure a study to find vs skewing the "findings" to fit their desired outcome. The Human Condition.
Yeah, this made me very suspicious. So it seems like there are benefits in this area highlighed, but the side effects are not mentioned in other areas of health? Well most of the time. I don't understand any of this in the first place.
@@Physionic Off course I don't say that. Ok lets take a definition: health = the state of being free from illness or injury Then the title becomes: Does IF "improve" the state of being free from illnes or injury. or better: Does IF keep the doctor away. Now if autophagy prevents cancer it would keep the doctor away. You only studied some markers that seemingly don't make a difference in keeping the doctor away. Advice: don't use health but use the couple of markers that were studied. I like your videos a lot.
My confirmation bias lash-out: How dare you even ask the question of if fasting improves health? Even asking it implies a doubt that you are trying to plant into my mind. In all honesty, I appreciate you putting out this content. My theories on why fasting works are just theories unless backed up by scientific analysis. If we are afraid of truth then we need to reexamine ourselves.
I think this fasting thing is another hype for some "experts" to get some attention and $$. Losing weight is not rocket science: eat less and eat healthy and stay active.
People are evangelical about almost everything. I get told I’m wrong so many times throughout a day, with no explanation except it hurts peoples feelings to not have glowing reviews of their ascribed life choices.
Yes there is a cult of everything. I’m vegan and have been for a long time and sad to say there is also cult of vegans. I’m prob seen as a bad vegan. LOL but my background is also science so I’m OK with wherever the objective data leads. We also have to remember like other industries in health is worth multi billions at this point and images and brands incl popular doctors have a vested interest. Some comments could be paid bots. Friends who are both MDs and in research admit funding sources and influence on studies can be an issue and not BS.
0:00 - Introduction
3:23 - Study Design
9:03 - Intermittent Fasting on Health Results
18:24 - "Fasting Increases Inflammation"
20:08 - Intermittent Fasting on Health Continued
23:00 - Conclusions/Take Aways
The blood pressure difference is quite amazing and easily explained. While being exposed to lower insulin levels the kidneys are better able to filter and excrete sodium and uric acid thus leading to lower blood pressure.
It still amazes me you can get such a benefit with no weight loss. I imagine the biggest benefit is more time clearing fat out of the liver instead of burning food to make sugar.
I eat less but three times a day and very healthy. Good markers. Pressure glicemia etc. Good wheight alsoi dont need to fast. Just good food and supplements
Had some issues with gastrointestinal reflex, tums were a staple in my cupboard during that time. Found out about IF, starting doing it. All I needed to do to cure my reflex was simply make sure my stomach had no food in it, when it was time to go to bed. No more tums, no more night time indigestion. The remedy...no food after 3 in the afternoon.
Interesting results, thanks. I suffer badly from reflux, but eat in the evening rather than the day. I notice that no food actually makes my acid rise, and drinking or eating keeps the acid working in the stomach.
@@chrise7359 Yeah, and then you lie down, and because you have acid in your stomach, that acid leaks out causing damage to the Esophagus, particularly to the flap that is suppose to prevent acid getting out. I do not drink anything when I eat, I find it prevents the acid from breaking down my food, and then the food stays longer in the stomach. Fluids dilute acids.
Hi. I'm back, from 2 years in the future. By the way, congrats on the getting your PhD
Thanks for this presentation. I especially appreciated the explanation about inflammation. Now i understand your "triggering" video.
What I took from this video is that even if there is no weight loss fasting is benficial for our health, which is encouraging.
I needed to hear that because this translates to me as IF is healing.
Thanks for the great insights into IF!
Newest 2023 studies tease out why early time restricted eating works on a molecular level in conjunction with circadian rhythms. You might dive into them. Anyway thanks!!
Please talk about how to gain more then 4-5 hrs of sleep.
I got a 150/90 BP last year from the school nurse i was so dizzy and had a persistent headache. I was told to go to a dr for a checkup, and that I may already need to have "maintenance meds." My colleagues were telling me the same thing but taking meds for the rest of my life is unacceptable to me.
Went on intermittent fasting for a month, cutting down on carbs during the hours that I do eat (2pm-10pm). Had my blood work done after a month and everything was normal. 😇
Unmeasured benefits to IF = better digestion. Giving my body a 16 hour rest has helped my stomach so much! Less GERD, more regularity and others.
Great points.
Thanks for the video!
Not sure if you’ll see this, but I was wondering if the researchers specified a time point in a day where they drew the blood and did the tests? I’m asking because I wonder by the time the tests were done, the two groups would be in different fasted/not fasted states. Or if this is all fasted values? Thanks!
I had to give in and start fasting when I stalled out on Keto and had to figure out another strategy to get the last few pounds off. I really didn't want to...really, really didn't want to....but it worked. For me it takes at least 18 to 20 hours to see any results. I should do longer but after 20 hours I turn into a werewolf.
I would imagine that would work; however, try to refrain from becoming a wear wolf... Now, where do I keep my silver... :P
Great great stuff. I am going to watch your video on “good inflammation from IF”. Thanks for your assertive, clear and well supported videos.
Ah, this does explain a couple things. I obviously need to go through more of your content.
Intermittent fasting is the greatest lever to improve health. I am usually 18/6 2mad but toss in 1mad once a week. Started about 2 yrs ago and now feeling best ever mentally and physically at 50! Wish I had this knowledge in my 20s.
That's wonderful news, thanks for sharing, Paul.
Thank you for yet another fascinating video! I have familial hypercholesterolemia AND -triglyceridemia. I've been doing 18:6 and 16:8 IF to lose weight and boost my overall health. I'm on a low-carb but not keto diet. I was concerned to learn in this video that triglyceride levels increased in the eTRE protocol. Does this mean that following eTRE and/or other IF schedules could exacerbate my condition?
Thank you for your info 🥰😇
I love science and research, I read them as much as I can, but, more then that, I apply different ways to empower my body and health, out of research. I came to MY OWN CONCLUSIONS, my health and the way I'm eating. I am MY BEST TEST/PROOF what's working! Blessings 🥰😇
Good, it's great to empower oneself.
support !
Thanks, Jason!
People need to relax and just sit back and learn
Thanks Nick! I think fasting for men and women are slightly different. Yes for men eating 4000 cal in 8hr window is hard but for small frame women eating 1200 cal in any window is easy. Although increase NEAT is a way to increase calorie burnt but not that much. So in a way, fasting comes to help (eating 1200 calories in 1 meal sounds reasonable) but still quite difficult (to stay within) Sorry I am ranting, and growing old doesn’t help lol
Oh yes, in that regard, I completely agree. If I had to only consume 1400 calories or something to that effect, I'd be thankful for that one to two meals, but truly consuming 4000 calories in one or two meals is a pain at times, although I shouldn't complain.
Lol jealous
I am a woman who is down to well under 2000 cal a day for maintenance and I can tell you that eating 1200 cal at one time or even in six hours is not easy for me. Older people don’t have a lot of appetite to start with, so it isn’t hard to feel stuffed on, 400 cal, and 400 cal three times in six or eight hours feels like I’m basically stuffing myself because I’m never hungry. But I do eat when I’m not hungry now that I’m older because the few times I’ve experimented with not doing that, I ended up losing a lot of muscle.
Wait...well, alright, I haven't finished watching this, YET, 2 min in...but I CANNOT fathom eating 4000 cals. I got fat being put on prednisone for chronic pain 25 yrs ago (5'8" 129lbs very fit) was diagnosed with fibromyalgia @7 yo. 270lbs later(maxed). NOT fit. Also a side effect w/fibromyalgia I can't eat much and my husband makes veggie/berry smoothies with avocados and nut butter. I don't Ever eat before 8am, never past 6. And very conscious of not eating bread/carbs/no pasta because it hurts my stomach. But 4000 carbs is an insane for me. Btw, moved to Costa Rica just over a yo, quit my 9to5 and my wt is down to 235 encounting. Fresh produce, no work stress, more (gentle) movement. Also, I quit prednisone 10 yo when I learned about how detrimental it is. I'm always going to be in pain, prednisone just causes more problems than it's worth. I've always had a fast metabolism, I think it would've still been the same had I not been put on pred. My brother is still 6'2 170 lbs dude is 55.5, I'm 54 and he's eaten his whole life trying to gain, just can't 😅, people mistook us for twins up until my awful prednisone journey.
Very useful data-based information! Thanks.
Great stuff. I did 18/6 fasting around 3 years ago for around 8 months and it was great. Latelly, I have been thinking about jumping on IF again, your vid convinced me even more... huh.
Why did you stop? Not thinking about eating all the time is such a big benefit (for me)
@@CMDRunematti I lost a lot of weight that time and wanted to get more lean weight. In retrospect, I would just switch things differently but kept IF, because that time, I did not track my protein intake. I did not know anything about nutrition basically, did not watch my macros at all, just ate what I had.
I am thinking about trying it again, more calculated amd better this time.
@@kubislavcze yeah you could've kept IF, if for nothing else to control hunger, isn't it nicer to not have to bother with it? I'm currently trying OMAD, with greater and lesser success. Also mixing up when I'm the day I'm eating, so grelin never knows when to make me hungry... Been a challenge to eat enough tho, so be careful to not starve yourself!
Good post.
What was the menu they ate?
Hi Nic, thank you for your work. It truly is valuable. I have a request: how about some content investigating (Intermittent) Fasting using Fats like butter, heavy cream, MCT oil etc.
I do IF but I don't really like black coffee and I can't seem to find (yet) a satisfying tea to replace coffee. So I put a little butter or cream in my coffee and I can easily go all day without food.
I am very interested to see what the pros and cons are with fat fasting.
Yea, I've gotten a few requests on how to break a fast, as well as fasting with fats. Admittedly, I don't think fasting with fats is the same as pure water fasting, but it could still confer some benefits. Thanks for the suggestion, Kamran.
@@Physionic Thanks for the reply and consideration, Nic.
Black Dragon Pearl is a rich, meaty black tea that makes phenomenal iced tea. It is my favorite black tea.
Love the science, especially when it doesnt fit!😂😂😂. Keep it up man!
I won't be sharing, but I shall leave a like and a comment for the algo, thank you for your work Nicolas
Thanks, VR - much appreciated, regardless.
Great stuff. Keep up the good content
Have you done a video on 3 - 4 day fasting ?
Very interesting analysis, thanks
Did researchers mentioned when blood samples and BP measures were taken? Something tells me that if you look at blood glucose right in the end of 18h fasting window you'll get your lower number. And slight hypoglycemia might cause drop in BP.
Great study! Thank you
Love the science!
Triglycerides were high because of the short time (5 weeks) of the study, my opinion is they will go lower with time
Great job!!!
Thank you!!
What do you think about fasting 5 days and eating on weekends?
I don't see a issue with that, unless you suffer from under nutrition.
@@Physionic ok cool, cuz that's what doing. I have enough fat to burn😄
Would have been nice if they used the participants as their own control by performing a crossover study.
A great point, Dean.
Ive heard fasting can be bad for women, can you touch on that too?
Try it & find out
Thanks for the breakdown. Interesting that the IF group was eating 3 times in a 6 hour window. I know why it was done but personally when I eat in a 6 hour window it's usually just 2 meals. The data jives with other isocaloric/non weight gain fasting studies where one group was a control and the other fasted 16 hours although the one I remember measured many health markers.
My comments keep getting deleted when I comment on specifically your comments.
Test: Mathfaster
I just tested it - if I abbreviate your name to “M-F” (without the space), it deletes my comment.
@@Physionic :-D
My experience… fat has little effect on disruption of benefits of intermittent fasting
As always great job 👍 thanks 😊
Thanks, Razi.
How about you yourself? Do you do intermittent fasting ? Recommend it?
@@Bepartofthepanacea When I'm on a fat loss phase, yes - I do. I certainly recommend it for anyone trying to drop weight/fat.
Good results for insulin sensitivity / but CRP / IL6 and inflammatory state is it chronic or transient !! Thanks Nick
Good question - I'd guess chronic, but no doubt there's a chance that's wrong.
Great conclusion at the end of this video: IF will not automatically make you lose weight if you don’t want to.
I was curious as to my the Intermittent Fasting arm occurred first, seemed counter intuitive to me. Then I skimmed the study after watching the video. I found this...
"Much to our surprise, even after the seven-week washout period, all but one participant who first completed the eTRF intervention entered the second arm of the trial with substantially lower (≥25%) mean postprandial insulin levels."
One has to be careful reading, as it's a double negative of sorts. Why would they be surprised? I think the comparison or "variance" of Control vs IF would invalidated by this. And, the variances would actually be much greater in some measurements.
They essentially reset everyone's baseline then measured "the norm" or Control. Thoughts?
Disclaimer: not a hater, enjoy your style very much. And have lost 10 pounds in 5 weeks, 16/8 IF & Low Carb.
I don't know you guys but since I do OMAD sometimes that I have to eat 2 times a day I feel like Sh***t😅when I eat carbs also I feel like crap😅
Ignore the comments from those who don’t like where the objective data leads. It could be bots or some from let’s say sources with a $$$ vested interest in not having data come out that contradicts or challenges their brand and what they sell in anyway.
Y
No, fast with friends
Nice.
Let’s be clear Nick… you know more than I do, when we have a difference of opinion, I know it’s time for me to change my opinion… 😁
Haha, while I'm flattered, let's not pump my head too big, Joshua. I can be wrong and expect to be wrong in the future, and that's okay so long as we change our minds (like you mentioned). Thank you, though.
@@Physionic 😜
What exactly u mean by control diat?
What's unclear to you, Ranjan?
@@Physionic control diat mean what? LCHF or SAD diat?
Traditional, with carbs, diet.
Does "fasting alone" mean fasting but eating lots of junk or carbs or processed food cheetos and Nacho's, donuts 🍩🍩🍩🍩
No. Fasting alone is not recommended at all, you should always fast in groups. Latest study #4051,2 shows that health benefits increase by 7% for every additional fasting buddy.
What is the recommended frequency of 18/6 intermittent fasting on days a week?
Typically, people do it 7 days a week.
@@Physionic I'm trying to do it some 5 days a week, and one 24h fasting, and 1 with 3 meals. All meals low carb.
Right off . . . "any noticeable amount of weight". Anyone with a desire to lose weight will not overlook ANY amount of weight loss. And I think the problem is "filters" aka biases. It's all in how one looks at the issue, what they want to find vs what they structure a study to find vs skewing the "findings" to fit their desired outcome. The Human Condition.
Yeah, this made me very suspicious. So it seems like there are benefits in this area highlighed, but the side effects are not mentioned in other areas of health? Well most of the time. I don't understand any of this in the first place.
No word about autophagy and still "health" in the title of this video.
As if autophagy = health...
@@Physionic Off course I don't say that.
Ok lets take a definition:
health = the state of being free from illness or injury
Then the title becomes:
Does IF "improve" the state of being free from illnes or injury.
or better:
Does IF keep the doctor away.
Now if autophagy prevents cancer it would keep the doctor away.
You only studied some markers that seemingly don't make a difference in keeping the doctor away.
Advice: don't use health but use the couple of markers that were studied.
I like your videos a lot.
My confirmation bias lash-out: How dare you even ask the question of if fasting improves health? Even asking it implies a doubt that you are trying to plant into my mind.
In all honesty, I appreciate you putting out this content. My theories on why fasting works are just theories unless backed up by scientific analysis. If we are afraid of truth then we need to reexamine ourselves.
I think this fasting thing is another hype for some "experts" to get some attention and $$. Losing weight is not rocket science: eat less and eat healthy and stay active.
So there's a cult of fasting? you can't say anything that remotely looks like a critic? even if its not? haha
People are evangelical about almost everything. I get told I’m wrong so many times throughout a day, with no explanation except it hurts peoples feelings to not have glowing reviews of their ascribed life choices.
Yes there is a cult of everything. I’m vegan and have been for a long time and sad to say there is also cult of vegans. I’m prob seen as a bad vegan. LOL but my background is also science so I’m OK with wherever the objective data leads. We also have to remember like other industries in health is worth multi billions at this point and images and brands incl popular doctors have a vested interest. Some comments could be paid bots. Friends who are both MDs and in research admit funding sources and influence on studies can be an issue and not BS.
“They don’t bother to try to understand” OMG…. You have discovered the modern day Republican…. Lol