Loved this short and precise explaination. It is indeed a miracle of engineering and one that we take for granted. Very well animated and covered. Thank you for the effort.
@@spooderdaddy8827 uhm, satelites, and the signals are an amount of vibrations and frequencies you cant feel or see, you cant see vibrations and frequencies in the first place, at least not our eyes
This is the work of several generations of research and innovation. People constantly learning more about a particular idea, and then creating something novel with that idea.
I came to find this after getting binary explained to me in another video and computer book. Its... all starting to make sense. I have an even greater appreciation for science the more i study and learn.
Please make more, you are absolutely exceptional at teaching. You make every single aspect easier. You should consider teaching. It would benefit our nation truly
Welcome back InOneLesson!! I still watch your "How Computers Add" and "How a CPU works" every now and then, and I'm currently reading "How do it Know?" and "Code" because of them (I've been alternating between the two and will likely finish both around the same time). Thank you so much and I'd love to see you put out even more as your schedule permits!
I've found several videos and articles that describe what this video describes, but I'm having trouble finding one that describes how a particular set of RGB voltage levels gets from the chip that is receiving the data stream to a paticular pixel on the screen. For a 1920 x 1600 pixel screen, that's over 3 million pixels! For each pixel, you have 3 LED's with 2 electrodes each that you have to wire up. So that's 3 million * 3 * 2 = 18 million wires! So I can't imagine that it's actually done with wires? How does it work?
But how does the monitor send a signal to each pixel? does that mean each pixel is wired? I thought thats why mini led is hard to make, Found the answer from reddit, doesn't explain why the mini led is hard to make, and what kind of tiny wires are they using?: "ACTUAL ANSWER: most screens are subdivided into squares or columns of pixels. The actual pixels are made up of 3 subpixels. Yes, each subpixel has two wires going to it, usually one wire above going up and down and another line under the going sideways, like a grid with subpixels located at the intersections. Inside the screen there are "column driver" chips that take binary address along with color and intensity and convert it to a signal to drive the subpixels. If your monitor is say 1920x1080, you can have twenty 192x540 blocks each driven by their own driver. All these chips are then connected to the master chip that takes input from your videocard, does address conversion from x,y,intensity to column,x,y,intensity. This master chip has very few data lines coming from the videocard."
Thank you - very interesting! I did not know. My question now is how are wired those liquid crystal units up to the video memory? I can't imagine each pixel is connected with 6 wires. That would be millions of wires to connect. It cannot be a connection in 2D or in 3D.. It must something else....
Surely the best LCD video I've yet seen! Awesome work! You could've added a "extra fact" thing that explains that the 0-255 is just a 8 bit binary number, not an arbitrary value.
***** That's right. 256(=2^8) is 8 bits for each color, while 16777216(=2^24=256^3) is the total colors that each pixel can have. That's a lot of information for 1920x1080 screen! You need about 50 million of 0's and 1's for each frame, if it was completely uncompressed.
One thing I don’t get is how you get varying voltage from the binary? Binary is on and off so does each pixel use a digital-to-analogue converter in order to get the different voltages used to vary the brightness or are they just sent through different resistors depending on the binary numbers coming through?…
Even when my screen is completely black, there is still light coming out from it. Where is the light coming from in that instance? Is the light coming through the spaces "between" the pixels? Or is something else happening here?
When there is light even when your screen is completely black that means there is still some degree of each color between 0 and lets say 20 or less so it's not completely black but it's very very dark that you would think it's black.
AFAIK it's make up of tiny, "LED-like" light-emitting dots. So it's far simpler than LCD but there wasn't such kind of material in the past and the manufacturing processes for such a small scale, I suppose.
+Alex John In short, we need to stop twisting in order to make the light pass horizontal (and not twist to vertical), such that it is blocked and produces darker shades up to black. According to the video ( 1:34 ), the light gets twisted by default when no electricity is applied to the electrodes, and the liquid crystals are in their normal, twisted arrangements. Therefore, the horizontal polarized light (from the first polarizer filter) gets twisted to the vertical plane, passes through the second polarizer filter (the vertical one), resulting in a lighted sub-pixel (one LC with the the color filter at the end). When the electricity is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystals lose their twisted or "normal" arrangements and are all arranged horizontally, simply passing the incoming horizontal light forward, which then gets blocked by the vertical polarizer filter, resulting in a black pixel or color filter.
I was playing around with a toy microscope and noticed these rgb bars in the pixels and I assumed it either just switches on or off. I thought the brightness would stay uniform through out depending of the brightness setting. I had no idea even at a fixed brightness the brightness of each pixels' rgb would also play. I cannot begin to understand how they are even made. I mean we always assume oh it's machine, but how? these components are so small. It's fascinating how common this technology has become when you realise how much is going on for something so simple.
@@SoundWaveTrax I don't think so… aren't LEDs or OLEDs displays in which the individual R, G and B components emit their own light, hence true black/white is achieved? Or is it that I'm confused between LED and OLED?
This is cool. Question tho...Who was the individual or individuals who were the FIRST to figure this out? And how did they figure it out?...what test were ran?...what’s was the first purpose for this technology? Has it always been for smartphones and tv screens?
this channel is brilliant, very simple yet fully detailed explanations. needs alot more content tho. can you please make a video on batteries and sound devices (phones and playback)
But I have another thing I am curious about. Why put up a horizontal polariser if you need to make the light vertical? Why not just put vertical polarisers right in front of the backlight? Why would you go through all of this LC stuff if you could just put up a vertical polariser at the start?
the idea is to switch between a bright state and a dark state. when the liquid crystal is subjected to an electrical field, it looses its twist angle, therefore losing its ability to twist the polarization of light. so you exploit crossed polarizers, between crossed polarizers all light is blocked unless you have some kind of material in between that can switch the polarization of light.
This has been the connecting point for everything I've researched on pixels Given that each color filers has 8 bits ( binary digit) of brightness information like this : 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 for each bit you get 2 possibilities : 0 or 1 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 2^8 = 256
Question: My display has over 8 million pixels, so each need 2 wires to connect, so that 16 million wires that need to be addressed by the display driver.... I don't see 8 million tiny wires anywhere, or even 10 thousand, or even 1000 of them... how do they activate a single pixel exactly when there are no direct individual electrical connections to it?
How on earth did anyone figure out that a) there was such a thing as 'liquid crystal' , and b) how the hell did they figure out that adding electrical current would alter the angles of the crystal elements? Best explanation I could find though and just what I was looking for. Love tech
One question. Before putting vertically etched glass and horizontally etched glass, liquid crystals (LC) are randomly oriented. After putting them in front and rear of LCs, LCs align with the etched pattern. So the single LC closest to the front glass is perfectly 90 degrees apart to the other closest to the rear glass. How come LCs follow etched pattern in glass and why?
no they do not. the etched glass actually favourises a planar arrangement of molecules. Either etched glass, or glass with a layer of oriented polymer will do the same thing, the molecules simply follow the features of the glass. Also, this video has a small mistake, the liquid crystal is never disordered in the liquid crystalline phase, and it's in that phase in a wide temperature range, prefferably from ~0 C all the way to 60-70 C, otherwise the liqud crystals would transform into an isotropic phase at higher temperature, or even crystallise into a solid state at lower temperature. The liquid crystalline phase is already ordered in itself, most likely into a chiral phase, but this chiral phase would have the helixes in different arrangements in the glass if it's not etched or covered in polymer. The transparent electrodes are Indium-Tin-oxide and are needed to change the liquid crystals orientation and destroy the helix structure, this requires an electrical field.
Now i just need to figure out how they manage to send the electrodes into these things seperatly. It's honestly really fascinating ów0 Or aleast it is when you speculate on how you can use this science to create something like an omnitrix or another scienctifical tool of amusement.
If a computer display is set at 60 FPS, does that mean that 60 times per second the computer adjusts the amount of light going to the red, green, and blue pixel?
John Doe The computer display is measured it Hz by the way, so it's technically a 60hz monitor. It has the capability to refresh up to 60 times a second, so when playing a game, if you are getting more than 60fps, you would be using more processing power than needed. There is no point in getting 90fps if your monitor will only refresh 60 times a second
+Cr1spyBacon8r Actually, FPS isn't an end-all way to determine if you are getting enough frames. There can be a lot of screen tearing going on, or differences in times between frames that are all too visible to the human eye. All too often, 60fps rounded by the second isn't as smooth as it could possibly be, and a higher processor capability can help greatly in remedying that issue. You're %75 right though, sometimes it is a bit of a waste.
Trinispace A retina display is just a high-density display. IPS I believe has 2 sets of polarizers and liquid crystals for deeper blacks and richer colors
Loved this short and precise explaination. It is indeed a miracle of engineering and one that we take for granted. Very well animated and covered. Thank you for the effort.
To the fact that 1 pixel is smaller than the diameter of my hair. How do they manage to squeeze all that components there. Amazing!!!
ILOVEYIU
The pixels on my screen don't seem to be that small
plus they manage to get the right perfect color rendered and make it appear all in a microsecond amazing
the user lasers and magnifying lens to make etches in metal/silicon chips
@@anim8dideas849 so is the full RGB thing, 1 or 3 pixels?
After seeing this I have a new-founded respect for the people that design and invent technology like this. Incredible stuff!
This is witchcraft, or alien technology, take your pick
It's incredible ! I can't imagine that people made this
Jean Panachay
Yeah I can't imagine how the fuck are signals made/invented
How the fuck do they do it!?
I'm sure aliens teached humans
It is PATRIARCHY.
You don't have to be an alien to use your head
@@spooderdaddy8827 uhm, satelites, and the signals are an amount of vibrations and frequencies you cant feel or see, you cant see vibrations and frequencies in the first place, at least not our eyes
It's actually very simple.
How the hell did the scientists figure this out in the first place? o.O
Engineers mate, engineers.
Engineers, scientists... eh. I'll just call them technomagicians, because this stuff looks like magic to me, even when fully explained. : p
This is the work of several generations of research and innovation. People constantly learning more about a particular idea, and then creating something novel with that idea.
it is great , it is supposed to be and look like this when we hear it
the question is what can i do , what can you do ? :)
It is 2017 and we have fidget spinners..
I came to find this after getting binary explained to me in another video and computer book. Its... all starting to make sense. I have an even greater appreciation for science the more i study and learn.
Please make more, you are absolutely exceptional at teaching. You make every single aspect easier. You should consider teaching. It would benefit our nation truly
there's at least one video on youtube that explains your question (rule #255 of the internet)
Hmmm 255 u say?
Well if u click on 2:14....
Coincidence? I think NOT
This was such an incredibly concise presentation. It fast-tracked my understanding, thank you so much!
Welcome back InOneLesson!! I still watch your "How Computers Add" and "How a CPU works" every now and then, and I'm currently reading "How do it Know?" and "Code" because of them (I've been alternating between the two and will likely finish both around the same time). Thank you so much and I'd love to see you put out even more as your schedule permits!
Fantastic explanation! Thank you.
Perfect and simple explanation.
Excellent Sir,Crisp and easy to understand
exceptional teaching video.Thanks for your sharing!
this channel really is a big help for guys like me that needs clarity
I've found several videos and articles that describe what this video describes, but I'm having trouble finding one that describes how a particular set of RGB voltage levels gets from the chip that is receiving the data stream to a paticular pixel on the screen. For a 1920 x 1600 pixel screen, that's over 3 million pixels! For each pixel, you have 3 LED's with 2 electrodes each that you have to wire up. So that's 3 million * 3 * 2 = 18 million wires! So I can't imagine that it's actually done with wires? How does it work?
So that’s why is see red green and blue when I sneeze on my screen
Lol
@@SsbYvdvkkf5 no lol
@@acidandthei 1yr ago...
@@kelsey9719 yes? I still use UA-cam.. I’m not a caveman
@@acidandthei you know, i was going to reply a funny thing, but i just realized that i am wasting my time instead of studying.
I've watched a lot of vids about lcd and this one is the best. Good job.
But how does the monitor send a signal to each pixel? does that mean each pixel is wired? I thought thats why mini led is hard to make,
Found the answer from reddit, doesn't explain why the mini led is hard to make, and what kind of tiny wires are they using?:
"ACTUAL ANSWER: most screens are subdivided into squares or columns of pixels. The actual pixels are made up of 3 subpixels. Yes, each subpixel has two wires going to it, usually one wire above going up and down and another line under the going sideways, like a grid with subpixels located at the intersections. Inside the screen there are "column driver" chips that take binary address along with color and intensity and convert it to a signal to drive the subpixels. If your monitor is say 1920x1080, you can have twenty 192x540 blocks each driven by their own driver. All these chips are then connected to the master chip that takes input from your videocard, does address conversion from x,y,intensity to column,x,y,intensity. This master chip has very few data lines coming from the videocard."
oh so do the wires go in between the "black" parts
cuz was my exact question
you are a legend.
you saved my college assignment after 7 years you put out this video.
This is easily the best explanation I've found on UA-cam.
Thank you - very interesting! I did not know.
My question now is how are wired those liquid crystal units up to the video memory? I can't imagine each pixel is connected with 6 wires. That would be millions of wires to connect. It cannot be a connection in 2D or in 3D.. It must something else....
Best explanation of how lcd tv works
That was a far better explanation than I ever expected. Thank you very much!
Surely the best LCD video I've yet seen! Awesome work!
You could've added a "extra fact" thing that explains that the 0-255 is just a 8 bit binary number, not an arbitrary value.
*****
That's right.
256(=2^8) is 8 bits for each color, while 16777216(=2^24=256^3) is the total colors that each pixel can have.
That's a lot of information for 1920x1080 screen! You need about 50 million of 0's and 1's for each frame, if it was completely uncompressed.
bunch of geniuses in the chat!
Pls also explain about optical and megnatic memories
is there any reason a horizontal and vertical polarizer are used as opposed to 2 vertical polarizers?
i feel bad for pixels while watching a epilepsy video
Thank you for posting this great vid. Knowing what lies behind making say, percentage adjustments in photoshop colour, is very helpful.
One thing I don’t get is how you get varying voltage from the binary? Binary is on and off so does each pixel use a digital-to-analogue converter in order to get the different voltages used to vary the brightness or are they just sent through different resistors depending on the binary numbers coming through?…
Even when my screen is completely black, there is still light coming out from it. Where is the light coming from in that instance? Is the light coming through the spaces "between" the pixels? Or is something else happening here?
I the black pixel goes fully dimmed but doesn't turn off. Just guessing.
However, an AMOLED display can actually turn off the black pixel.
When there is light even when your screen is completely black that means there is still some degree of each color between 0 and lets say 20 or less so it's not completely black but it's very very dark that you would think it's black.
one of the greatest videos in youtube 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌👌
Very well explained
Love this channel, happy to see it back! Good video
sometimes clever humans have the capacity to do great things ...like design lcd pixels. homo sapiens, i think i love you!
I'd appreciate a video about AMOLED screens.
AFAIK it's make up of tiny, "LED-like" light-emitting dots. So it's far simpler than LCD but there wasn't such kind of material in the past and the manufacturing processes for such a small scale, I suppose.
Why do we need to stop twisting when we light was already horizontal ?
+Alex John In short, we need to stop twisting in order to make the light pass horizontal (and not twist to vertical), such that it is blocked and produces darker shades up to black.
According to the video ( 1:34 ), the light gets twisted by default when no electricity is applied to the electrodes, and the liquid crystals are in their normal, twisted arrangements. Therefore, the horizontal polarized light (from the first polarizer filter) gets twisted to the vertical plane, passes through the second polarizer filter (the vertical one), resulting in a lighted sub-pixel (one LC with the the color filter at the end).
When the electricity is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystals lose their twisted or "normal" arrangements and are all arranged horizontally, simply passing the incoming horizontal light forward, which then gets blocked by the vertical polarizer filter, resulting in a black pixel or color filter.
*+Instrumental Corner* Why not just say it's window science? It's like window blinds.
Wow it looked so complicated but you made it clear in two and a half minutes. Take my like and this ONE BILLION internetz.
I was playing around with a toy microscope and noticed these rgb bars in the pixels and I assumed it either just switches on or off. I thought the brightness would stay uniform through out depending of the brightness setting. I had no idea even at a fixed brightness the brightness of each pixels' rgb would also play. I cannot begin to understand how they are even made. I mean we always assume oh it's machine, but how? these components are so small. It's fascinating how common this technology has become when you realise how much is going on for something so simple.
*Why does a “dead pixel” turn black?*
GREAT. The next video should be: How LED monitors works
+Tiberiu Zabara LED monitors are LCD. The LEDs are used for the backlight.
What about plasma displays?
@@SoundWaveTrax I don't think so… aren't LEDs or OLEDs displays in which the individual R, G and B components emit their own light, hence true black/white is achieved?
Or is it that I'm confused between LED and OLED?
Excellent explanation
a great explanation, thank you
How is the electricity that passes through the crystals controlled?
This is cool.
Question tho...Who was the individual or individuals who were the FIRST to figure this out?
And how did they figure it out?...what test were ran?...what’s was the first purpose for this technology? Has it always been for smartphones and tv screens?
Best video still now on how LCD works 😍
The best explanation , thanks !
What controls the amount of electricity to the electrodes?
I thought this channel was dead! Just finished the Braille series a week ago btw
this channel is brilliant, very simple yet fully detailed explanations. needs alot more content tho. can you please make a video on batteries and sound devices (phones and playback)
But I have another thing I am curious about. Why put up a horizontal polariser if you need to make the light vertical? Why not just put vertical polarisers right in front of the backlight? Why would you go through all of this LC stuff if you could just put up a vertical polariser at the start?
the idea is to switch between a bright state and a dark state.
when the liquid crystal is subjected to an electrical field, it looses its twist angle, therefore losing its ability to twist the polarization of light.
so you exploit crossed polarizers, between crossed polarizers all light is blocked unless you have some kind of material in between that can switch the polarization of light.
This has been the connecting point for everything I've researched on pixels
Given that each color filers has 8 bits ( binary digit) of brightness information like this :
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
for each bit you get 2 possibilities : 0 or 1
2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 2^8 = 256
Amazing explanation, thank you!
Thanks a lot, Billy Bob Thornton. Didn't know you were into physics and engineering :)
Great video, nice explanation.
Is that white light on the back which is called the backlight? What about the edge backlight?
Clear and succinct explanation. Thank you.
Great great explanation. Would you do one for plasma?
are you still there? kinda miss you In One Lesson
Great explanation
So basically, light comes on, based on current, so much light comes through an LCD electrode that then hits an rgb filter?
why do you need the Horizonalfilter when the next filter liquid crystal twist the light any way?
Shame, this channel has only 150k subs!
that was really cool and good ,
I wanted you to know that I feel happy some how ,
because i knew this new info
Question: My display has over 8 million pixels, so each need 2 wires to connect, so that 16 million wires that need to be addressed by the display driver.... I don't see 8 million tiny wires anywhere, or even 10 thousand, or even 1000 of them... how do they activate a single pixel exactly when there are no direct individual electrical connections to it?
please help i accidentally peel the back with silver color it doesn't work anymore how to fix it?
How on earth did anyone figure out that a) there was such a thing as 'liquid crystal' , and b) how the hell did they figure out that adding electrical current would alter the angles of the crystal elements?
Best explanation I could find though and just what I was looking for. Love tech
One question. Before putting vertically etched glass and horizontally etched glass, liquid crystals (LC) are randomly oriented. After putting them in front and rear of LCs, LCs align with the etched pattern. So the single LC closest to the front glass is perfectly 90 degrees apart to the other closest to the rear glass. How come LCs follow etched pattern in glass and why?
I think he said it's because the electrodes placed in the etches have currents run through them that reorient the crystals.
no they do not. the etched glass actually favourises a planar arrangement of molecules.
Either etched glass, or glass with a layer of oriented polymer will do the same thing, the molecules simply follow the features of the glass.
Also, this video has a small mistake, the liquid crystal is never disordered in the liquid crystalline phase, and it's in that phase in a wide temperature range, prefferably from ~0 C all the way to 60-70 C, otherwise the liqud crystals would transform into an isotropic phase at higher temperature, or even crystallise into a solid state at lower temperature.
The liquid crystalline phase is already ordered in itself, most likely into a chiral phase, but this chiral phase would have the helixes in different arrangements in the glass if it's not etched or covered in polymer.
The transparent electrodes are Indium-Tin-oxide and are needed to change the liquid crystals orientation and destroy the helix structure, this requires an electrical field.
What software is used for this visualization? These 3D models are nice
Very well explained. Wonderful :)
explained easily really great
My question is that if the smallest iPhone has a little less than 2,527,200 pixels, how the heck do they fit all those wires in there?
So cool, thanks.
So it's still a form of scanline? Or is that called rasterization or bitmapping? or bitmapped image.
Great explanation! Thanks :)
I love how most youtubers say "watching this on your monitor" when most people watch it on their phones or tvs
Doesn't monitor means a computer visual display, aka screen?
one of the best videos ever !!!
It’s a combination of technologies. Edwin Land invented the Polarizer in an inexpensive way.
but what's the defrence between the hirizontal and the vertical light
and after the horizontal light pass the first one why it must chnge to vertical
Would it be possible to make a monitor whit a distinct shape at home?
Extremely good video
But how does it tell one single pixel to illuminate?
Why one sheet is horizonral and another is vertical.. Why they both cant join in horizontal
Ever wondered why when you touch your phone screen gets wet you can sometimes see RGB
Ever wondered why when your phone screen gets wet you can sometimes see RGB it was written wrong
How the f is it possible to make pixels so small. I’m currently looking at my phone screen and it’s just so unreal how small those pixels are.
Can you do how to create awesome videos and intros for you tube?
How is light horizontal and vertical?
So much of easy explanation ...thnku so much ...
Now i just need to figure out how they manage to send the electrodes into these things seperatly. It's honestly really fascinating ów0
Or aleast it is when you speculate on how you can use this science to create something like an omnitrix or another scienctifical tool of amusement.
Very informative, thank you!
It's been forever since you uploaded!
welcome back
Yayyy a new video.
If a computer display is set at 60 FPS, does that mean that 60 times per second the computer adjusts the amount of light going to the red, green, and blue pixel?
John Doe The computer display is measured it Hz by the way, so it's technically a 60hz monitor. It has the capability to refresh up to 60 times a second, so when playing a game, if you are getting more than 60fps, you would be using more processing power than needed. There is no point in getting 90fps if your monitor will only refresh 60 times a second
+Cr1spyBacon8r Actually, FPS isn't an end-all way to determine if you are getting enough frames. There can be a lot of screen tearing going on, or differences in times between frames that are all too visible to the human eye. All too often, 60fps rounded by the second isn't as smooth as it could possibly be, and a higher processor capability can help greatly in remedying that issue. You're %75 right though, sometimes it is a bit of a waste.
and how does it control the amount of light that passes the filters ? this is my question :(
good tutorial,why you stop uploading video in your channel can explain how programming language works?
Amazing video
Thanks for this. This video explains it a lot better about LCD. Does this apply to IPS and Retina displays as well?
Trinispace A retina display is just a high-density display. IPS I believe has 2 sets of polarizers and liquid crystals for deeper blacks and richer colors
I got my eye very close to a computer and i saw the colours on the pixels (they were REALLY small). For some reason I saw red, yellow and black
Gracias por la Explicacion!
Great video. Great channel. Just hope it doesn't take as long as this to see another one.