Casimir's Gift: How the Jews Came to Poland (966-1370) [feat. History House Productions]
Вставка
- Опубліковано 28 чер 2024
- PATREON: / samaronow
BOOK: amzn.to/3dIsHvz
MERCH: www.redbubble.com/people/sama...
TIPS: www.paypal.me/samaronow
History House Productions:
/ historyhouseproductions
Sources:
Shlomo Simonsohn
The Apostolic See and the Jews
books.google.co.il/books/about...
Maristella Botticini, Zvi Eckstein, and Anat Vaturi
"The Chosen Many: Population Growth and Jewish Childcare in Central-Eastern Europe, 1500-1930" [PDF]
sapir.tau.ac.il/sites/economy...
Tel Aviv University
Stuart Dowell, the First News
"No Way, No Plague: Was Poland Once an Island of Immunity?"
www.thefirstnews.com/article/...
Shai Carmi, Ken Y. Hui, et. al.
Sequencing an Ashkenazi reference panel supports population-targeted personal genomics and illuminates Jewish and European origins"
www.nature.com/articles/ncomm...
0:00 Intro
0:43 Early Polish Statehood
2:00 The Statute of Kalisz
4:07 Casimir the Great
6:15 The Black Death
10:08 The Birth of Yiddish
I’m still trying to figure out why you want to join a unit with a casualty rate of 97%
Your bits were amazing
Thanks for joining!
You have great videos!
cool weapons and a free horse
@@yko_7313 thanks for your kind words everyone!
Fun fact: Casimir's laws regarding the Jews were preserved way after the partition of Poland by the European powers. Catherine the Great promised to keep the privileges given to the Jews in Poland in the ex-Polish territory that was then Russia. That would set a legal barrier that is now known as the "Pale of settlement".
Yes, but she then forbid Jews from living outside the Pale without permission.
@@SamAronow Living outside was beyond the pale
"fun"
One of Casimir's laws was against the desecration of Jewish cemeteries (including capital punishment if I recall correctly) which I assume means that this ugly behavior was a problem in the middle ages too. Such desecration happens just about every single year across the world to this very day.
If one person calls you a horse, ignore them.
If two people call you a horse, think about it.
If three different people call you a horse, maybe you're a horse.
I am not Polish, but Polish history is really interesting.
Thank you. Greetings from Poland.
Jewish quarter in Kraków is called Kazimierz after Kasimir the Great. And different from Western European ghettos it was not a place of seclusion or segregation but a free, self-governing community.
Great video as always! As a Pole myself, I've been taught in school that the plague missed most of central Poland for the sparsity of bigger cities and measures taken by our king to reduce the plague's impact. I also have heard, albeit not in school, that this might have been one of the deciding factors which made Poland a relatively friendly place to live for the Jews, as the antisemitism in the rest of Europe caused by the plague was growing rampant. From what I've read in the article you linked, this theory might still hold *some* water, as it seems Poland was not hit by the plague as bad as the rest of Europe, although I wouldn't know.
I'm excited for future videos about the history of Jews in Poland, I've always been interested in the topic! It is really sad to see how our country devolved from multi-cultural, progressive, semi-tolerant state of the XVIII century to a homogenous one, still healing from the scars of communism. Only a few years ago have I begun hearing people talking not in Polish on the street, as a result of the Ukrainian situation, which came as quite a shock to a person who lived their whole life in a small town, even though I consider myself tolerant.
I think I've went off-track enough already, so thank you again for making those great videos and looking forward to the next one!
Actually that's the reason the comments section is one of the most valuable sections a YT video has. A viewer can add significant information to the video that the producer for practical reasons (like time) cannot. So make as much comments as you wish. 👏😁
Another cool fact about Poland is that homosexuality has only ever been illegal there when it was occupied by a foreign power.
i mean maybe but anti semetism was also rampant in the nonheavy urbanized south of italy and musim and even at some points Christian spain was pretty tolerant despite being pretty urban.
most of that "poland didnd get hit" stuff is just soviet propaganda
@@adrian4973 Poland was never communist just occupied and leeched by communists. The only facists are the ones mandating injections.
@@adrian4973 I won't say that the period of People's Republic was all bad (eliminating illiteracy, improving healthcare and helping many people lift themselves from extreme poverty were all good things). Unfortunately, it wasn't good for Polish Jews in the long run. You might want to read-up on the antisemitic purge of 1968.
*sees 10th century Poland with modern southern border*
EmperorTigerstar is watching you.
Oh boy oh boy oh boy! Has UA-cam's best Jewish historian finally met UA-cam's funniest historian?! 😁😁😁
This is gonna be good!
אתה כזה מלך! איך מצאת אותו?
Yiddish is such a cool language, especially if you speak German and understand most but not all of it
From the economical point of view it made a lot of sense to stick to the germanic language because:
- cities in Poland had a large population of germanic (German, Dutch) settlers and inhabitants.
- Baltic trade was doninated by germanic Hansa.
- German was language of comerse in Holy Roman Empire, Baltic States, and Habsburg's dominions in Cenral Europe.
Remember, Bolesław the Chaste and Bolesław the Pious are different people 😆
Great video.
Dark topics, covered well.
Love the collaboration
Interesting, There is a legend that upon entering Polish lands, the Jewish people saw the words פה לן, Po Lin, here you shall rest, written upon the trees.
It’s interesting that I’ve come across other legends positing a Hebrew origin for country names, like Italia, coming from אי טל יה, island of the dew of yah.
I think these folk etymologies are interesting, if anybody knows of any more, feel free to share.
In fact, in the XIX century many Polish Jews became involved in the Polish independece movement, earning considerable respect among their gentile compatriots (even within the traditionally antisemitic Catholic clergy). For a while it seemed that the Polish-Jewish relationships would only improve with time. Unfortunately, towards the end of the century "modern" nationalism reared its ugly head...
Yiddish being the dominant language of Jews in Poland caused many problems later on. I can't remember his name, but there was an autobiography by a Polish speaking Jew who felt alienated by his fellow Poles for not being Catholic and from his fellow Jews for not speaking Yiddish. I know there was tension between the Polish and Yiddish speaking Jewish communities in Interwar Poland.
Hello, most of the Polish Jews were bilingual, the most assimilated spoke only Polish, the Jews in Poland were neither immigrants nor foreigners, they were a secular population of Poland, they represented one of the indigenous ethnic groups of the Poland, the national culture and food habits of Polish Jews were 80% the same as Polish Christians, ie Polish food culture adapted to Jewish rites. The culture of the Polish Ashkenazim had no connection with the Middle East nor with the current Israeli culture which is mainly steeped in Sephardic Mediterranean culture.
@@benbox2064Chicago Pole, Jew Catholic, I love the Chicago gyro, best food on the planet. Make my own challah.
@@johngillespie3409 Hello, gyro is absolutely not part of Ashkenazi-Jewish culture, our culinary culture is 80% similar to Polish, Czech, Austrian and Russian food. As a European Jew, I fight politically against the invasion of Europe by Islamic and Oriental culture from the Maghreb, Black Africa and the Middle East. Europe is a civilization made up of old nations and old peoples, it is not like the United States which is an artificial multiculturalist state made up of migrants. At home in Europe we naturally don't mix with people from the Muslim world, it remains very limited, it's like water and oil, to live in Europe you have to assimilate to the culture of the country, The American multiculturalist model imposed in Europe by our political elites is a disaster that will lead to inter-ethnic and religious civil war. Myself and my wife no longer feel at home, we have become strangers in our own country, millions of Muslims and Africans are settling here by force with the complicity of the corrupt political world. Hundreds of thousands of Europeans are fleeing Western Europe to settle in Eastern Europe, it is a real exodus hidden by the media. Myself and my wife are considering fleeing, we can no longer bear the world of gyros and merguez, nor the delinquency, nor the incivism, nor the criminality that goes with it, we are considering settling in the Czech Republic or in Poland, these countries do not want immigration from the third world, in Poland almost all the gyros are run by Poles and European culture predominates at 90%. Come to us to see the disaster in France, Belgium, England, Germany, hundreds of towns are completely Islamized, you have to walk several kilometers to find a European store, and often when you buy in an oriental store you get a price for white or for disbelievers.
Information, the Yiddish language established itself among the Jews of Eastern Europe partly for economic reasons, German culture had economic superiority and cultural prestige, the Jews of Poland are not all from Germany, it is likely that less than 50% come from Germany, the others come from Bohemia, Moravia. Ukraine. The first Jewish language of Eastern Europe, Knaanic close to Slovak fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knaanique later mixing with Judeo-German, hence the large number of Slavic words in Yiddish . In addition, the majority of Jews in Poland were bilingual or trilingual, in my family we spoke both Polish and Yiddish, my grandparents were also Russian speakers.
@@benbox2064 I eat gyros because they are lamb and beef. Polish sausage here in Chicago is pork and I try to keep kosher. There's 2 million Poles here. My mom's family came from Warsaw in the late eighteen hundreds. Edmund Majewski is the family name. He was an artist and I have his talent. I'm a self taught Sofer and did my own Hebrew calendar, Shema, and Hebrew illustrations. We have a lot of Mexicans messing things up. But there's still a lot of people that only speak Polish here.
Finally my country gets mentioned
Country is cool but im from KALISZ!
Amazing video! The only bad thing about it is that it ended so quickly (and the fact that I was unable to watch it and comment sooner). I'm certainly looking forward to future episodes continuing the story of Jews in Poland. It's great to look at the history of my country from a different perspective and to see others learning something about it while learning about Jewish history. I'm aware that our shared history has many dark and/or controversial and divisive parts, but that's not all that is there to it, and I think you can do a good job presenting it all in a balanced way.
Also, did somebody say cavalry? Makes me think about a certain guy much later (like say, in 1794 or so) but let's not get ahead of ourselves.
Also also, I find an alternative timeline where the Knaanic language survived and became the main language of the Jewish community in Central-Eastern/Eastern Europe instead of Yiddish to be interesting food for thought.
I think it'd be a bit more darker along the way, but what people don't understand is that it's a shared history of Polish Christians and "Polacy pochodzenia Żydowskiego" and that nothing is black or white in history.
I collect coins and the rarest coin in my collection is a Denar of Bolesław III. I found it pretty interesting to hear that he had the Jews help mint his coins. Makes the coin just that little bit more interesting.
I only just discovered my mother's side are Polish Jews last week, who went in hiding in Canada for the reasons that one did, so I've been watching your videos back to back over the past few days, it is funny that I caught up just as this video came out! These videos have made the decision to connect with this heritage much easier, and I appreciate your work immensely.
according to Jewish Law you’re fully Jewish then, you should check out Chabad. Org to ACTUALLY learn about Judaism, you should also check out Rabbi Yaaron Reuven and Rabbi Tovia Singer’s Channels and Jews For Judaism
Why would they went into hiding being in Canada? Was there any immediate danger like in Europe?
@@gryf92 Europe was a horrible place for Jews to live and in most parts of it still is, up until 1948 Jews were generally safer in Muslim countries than western ones
That’s both awesome and super sad for obvious reasons. Also, we are probably related in one way or another as descendants of Polish Jews so that’s fun.
@@themosinguy6508tak bardzo niebezpieczne było życie zydow w Europie ….a skąd takie wielkie majątki powstały 😂😂teraz macie bezpiecznie w Izraelu …dlaczego wszyscy tam nie wyemigrujecie i nie bronicie swojej ojczyzny….wygodnie jest siedząc na kanapie tylko mówić…wszyscy nie nawiedza zydow wszyscy nie nawiedzą zydow….naucz się historii …pewnie w Hiszpania lub Anglii bardziej was kochali niż w Polsce nie wspominając o Niemcach 😂
This one was so good! I can't wait for the next one.
I most likely wouldn't be alive if it wasn't for this man.
Great video as usual, learning stuff I never knew, thanks Sam :)
Excellent video. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.
Thank you for a wonderful video, the best available on youtube. It will be a great pedagogical tool. Some details are a bit shifted, but over all it's great.
Checked out your channel after I got recommended this video and I'm pleasantly surprised to find out you specialize in Jewish history.
Love this so much. Hope you can continue a series on Poland.
Casimir was one of the greatest rulers of europe, he handled every challange posed to him with amazing grace, he was a good ruler for the economy, for internal and external safety, he was able to implement quarantine during the black death (which shows how much power he held). He built castle’s, employed inteligent people, sepparated belief from fact while still being friendly with the church.
And all this 700 years ago, extraordinary
Cool video! Dig the ren faire music too
hey man great channel and great videos as someone from turkey I didn't know that much about Jews and Judaism hope the channel grows more.
Cool video!
Well made!
Really cool video, top tier pronunciation of Polish words & a cool dive into Polish & Jewish history
I assume you have Polish Ashkenazi ancestry
Great video! HHP's cameo was a welcome surprise (sure, I knew he was coming from the community tab, but still...)
Is this going to be a 2-part collab with a related video on his channel, or is that all we'll hear about Polish Jewry for now?
This is it for now. Connor was just being very generous and was happy to help. But there will be plenty of Poland-centric content in the Early Modern Period.
Just finished exploring the Krakow Jewish Quarter, and have been reading about it's history as well while immersing. This is a wonderful video, captures so much of the deeply important points and explains a lot
Great video
Please do a part about ladino and Yiddish and another semic languages…🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
Im not sure Yiddish would be a "semitic" language like Arabic and Hebrew, more like a Germanic language with Semitic addition.
Kind of like how english is a germanic language with latin addition via french. English uses TONS of latin words but you wouldnt call it a romance language or latin
Another brilliant video!
Really great video. On a side note, did you grow up in New York, but then spend time in England? Your "thought" vowel is very NYC, but your "half" vowel sounds like RP.
Gosh excuse me for being quite nitpicky but your maps are...wrong. Corect on names (in most situations) but very wrong on borders. Since most borders you use are inspired by modern ones, especially in Eastern Europe.
Hey, love the videos. Curious where you got the number 350 Northern European Jews left after the Plague. If it's based on the Ashkenazi genetics study, I would just comment that these were 350 WOMEN and probably even more since not all of the women of that time's descendants would live on till today. Thus, the total number was probably more like 1,000-2,000 (if that genetics study is correct). Would love to hear your thoughts @sam
Hey, I’m working on a paper and I would like to get a number on the Jewish population of Europe at that time. Could you link that genetic study you mentioned? That would be awesome, thanks
1:30 I sincerely hate the Rhineland massacres.
Such atrocities are evil
@Noah Tyler...you probably dont realize those were black people persecuted and driven out of europe at all cost leading up to the caucasian renaissance.
@@amram1305 Jews were never black, unless you mean the Jews that went to Ethiopia and mixed with the locals there (so called Beta Israel). Saying otherwise is just a conspirational Afrocentric bullshit
I have no idea what to expect for the next video
Interesting video, as always. I'm interested in this parash cavalry tradition you noted, do you have the source of this information by any chance?
Josephus mentions it in the Antiquities; they show up in The Jewish War as well. There appear to be references in the Talmud, particularly the statements of Hillel the Elder and Yehuda ben Bateira. This actually isn’t the first time I’ve brought them up, and it won’t be the last.
@@SamAronow OK... But that's about 700 years later, isn't it? Have you found evidence that this tradition made it all the way, both in time and in distance, to the Yiddish or the local slavic speaking language (כנענית) cultural sphere?
@@dolevlitvin8904 It that's the case it would be quite the continuity.
@@dolevlitvin8904 why would it not? Why are some people so invested in trying to disprove the Middle Eastern origin of the world's main Jewish populations?
@@dolevlitvin8904 Jews can be a part of Slavic culture or the culture of any country where they reside, while also being just as much Jewish.
Przemysi is where my grandmother is from
I know it's not really your type of thing, but have you ever thought of opening a discord server for the channel?
Who is the elite hereditary cavalry mentioned at around the 5:20 mark and where can I learn more about them?
08:44 - Great video, as usual. But, didn't you mean 1349, instead of 1249?
Can you cover other historic topics??
May I ask were you got the evidence from
Invaluable information.
oh wow, these are fascinating! this is an eye opening look at history paralleling the stuff I learned through my own mainstream European history courses. And as i hear about those horrible things done in the HRE, it's not hard to realize that horrible things happening now are just built into our cultural DNA.
Thanks for the presentation of these!
Im waiting for the 2nd part. How the 1/3 population was in Poland
Oh my, does the word Yiddish mean Jewish german? If so that’s one new thing I learned.
“Yiddish” is the Yiddish pronunciation of “Jüdisch.”
Wealth of the noble estate in Poland was suppose to come from owning the land and farming. Nobles were delegating trading duties to Jewish families (avoiding ordinary townsfolk a they were usually Germans).
I think you meant to say 1349 at 8:41
probably my second favorite Rishonic video after The Rambam video it was a really good one (also i was waiting for "the Rosh" or is son to show up, Is "Ba'al haturim" the grandson of Yehiel the pariz?)
cause Rosh= Rabby Asher ben Yehiel
Yaakov ben Asher was indeed the son of the Rosh. Asher’s father was a different Yehiel from Yehiel of Paris, but he was a grandson of Eliezer ben Natan from “The Jewish Crusade.”
@@SamAronow Rashi's student?
Yes.
@@SamAronow ok, thank you!
What are those maps...
Did any of them go to Ireland. Ireland wasn't really affected by the plague due to it's isolation.
They weren't allowed in Ireland at the time, having been expelled from there (as well as from England and Wales) by Edward Longshanks in 1290.
I forgot Ireland was under English rule at the time.
Naming the horse-breeder/soldier בן פרש is a nice touch!
הפרש. It's a title, not a name, like הכהן or הלי. This will become relevant several centuries down the line.
@@SamAronow Aha! cool I didn't know if it was a real person or a character for for the sketch... guess I should have figured. Great video!
Not a real person per sé, but a representation of real people- the Jewish light cavalry fought for Poland right to the end.
And also a setup for a stupid joke.
@@SamAronow very well, looking forward to the punchline!
@@benjaminromm8184 You just watched it.
Huh I'd always liked that bit on how the Jews protected Poland from the Black Death, is Milan also a victim of this ahistoric narrative?
Milan is a bigger mystery. We have no shortage of sources from Italy- probably the most of anywhere in Europe. And Milan didn't escape the plague, it just had a 50% lower mortality rate. It's known that the infected were walled up in their rooms and left to die, but we also know that that wouldn't have worked since the disease was spread by fleas and rats, not human-to-human contact.
@@SamAronow the pneumonic plague is spread from human to human contact like covid19. Historians believe that it was the pneumonic plague that was responsible for such high death rates and rapid spread of the Second Plague Pandemic (Black Death).
am i the only one who noticed the witcher music
Other than of course the State of Israel, no country is as important to the Jewish people as Poland this is where the foundations of our existence are found. So when I meet an individual of Polish descent I immediately recognize that we have a lot in common thank you very much and of course Am Israel Chai 🇮🇱🇺🇲🇮🇱🇺🇸
So not jews but Poles then
Zahumlje and Bosnia are mentioned in Byzantine sources (see De Administrando Imperio) of the time as being Serb states, while Maritime Croatia (Croatia proper & the larger part of Dalmatia) and Pannonia (Slavonia) were Croat states, so that part of the map is pretty inaccurate but then again the Balkans aren’t the focus of this video so it’s not too important
Esterska/ Esther his wife also contributed to the consideration towards the expansion of this privilege to the Jews.
An in depth look at what happened until mid-seventeenth century would be nice. Jews arrived en masse in Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in late 14 century you already have a general priviledge and within a hundred or so years you have a situation where a convertite jew is a treasurer of the grand duke (Abraham Juzefowicz), while his brother, who remained in the jewish faith as the main financier or banker lending to the state, just a decade after jews were expelled from the Grand Duchy (~1494). Which is a fascinating story in itself.
Also the cultural interaction with the rest of society is quite interesting. How jews in this region adopted or borrowed certain facets of self-government from the gentile society in creating Kahals with certain features of political culture overlapping with dietines/sejmiks.
That one is interesting. Middle High German is indeed a standardisation of Highland German, while modern High German is Midland German (Luther translated the bible into it, priests had children who went into the universities,... - in short, from the 1600s to the 1750s, Oberteutsche Schriftsprache (the Highland German continuation of Middle High German used in the roman-catholic south) was supplanted by protestant Middle German Meißner Kanzleisprache that is the predecessor of today's Modern High German).
Problem was, Middle High German wasn't spoken universally. People in Westfalia and (Lower) Saxony would speak Middle Lowland German, the language of the Hanse that is the predecessor of Skandinavian orthography and modern Lowland German (Nederdüütsch). In Cologne, which had a sizable Jewish community, as well as Mainz, Worms and Speyer, people would speak Midland German. Only people in the South, Straßburg, Freiburg, Switzerland, Bavaria and Wurttemberg-Swabia would speak Highland German (Oberteutsch).
Were the Jews universally speaking Highland German because Middle High (Highland) German was the court language? Or were the Jews that settled into Poland predominantly from the Highland German states (Austria, Bavaria, Swabia, Wurttemberg, Badenia and Alsace)?
In the 1500s, Midland Meißener Kanzleisprache was spoken in the regional courts in Meißen (Upper Saxonia), Thuringia, Hassia, Frankonia, Palatinate, Rhineland and Lorraine. It would be strange if Jews from those Middle German countries would start to speak Highland German in Poland.
Does anyone know more where Jiddisch has its roots - or more specific, HOW it came to be a Highland German (Oberteutsch) dialect?
If I am not mistaken The very first Jews that lived outside Mediterranean in the Roman Empire lived in border region called Agri Decumates between the Rhine and Danube in what is Today Southern Germany,later the Rhine and Rhone in Franch side became the main center for Jews and later South and Western German towns,I don't know much about the languages themselves but Jewish culture definitely developed in post Roman collapse more or less in early Rishonic era in those parts of Germany and when "Jewish" language catch on Jews don't change much.
8:45 How could Charles IV allow for that to happen in the year 1249 when he only became Holy Roman Emperor in 1355?
Okay he must've misread 1349 but he still wasn't holy Roman emperor
Woooo Polish Jews represent! Anyone want some kreplach?
I'd like some cymes. 😋
A bunch of these European political and religious leaders coming to the defense of the Jews makes me curious about a claim you've made in another video, about how conventional wisdom oversells the ubiquity of anti-Semitism during the Early Medieval Period.
I know we're well past that point in the series, but I'd love if you could cover why historians no longer believe the Early Medieval Period was a period of widespread anti-Jewish persecution by their pagan and early Christian neighbors. Or maybe some books you could recommend for my own research. Thanks!
Noo ,Rip Judaeo-slavic
It was probably nothing more than Old West Slavic written using the Hebrew Alphabet.
Judeo-Czech, still a shame it died
Considering how many of our ancestors were murdered, it's a miracle that any of us are here today.
Genoa is not Corsica though...
I watched a couple of your videos. Could you please remove the background music? It is really difficult to concentrate on the narrative with the music going on in the background. I found the Indian music in the video on Jews in India particularly loud.
Can someone explain why knaanic wasn’t revived like Hebrew was?
Because nothing survived from the language?
spanish inquisition next?
Alhambra Decree/expulsion would be next, the inquisition came after that.
@@matthewbrotman2907 oh! ok. this is gonna be ruff
I wasn’t expecting that
@@sdelmonte lol
And what a gift!
This video reminds me of Borat.
Slightly sceptical about the more hand washing among jews than Christians, seems to play into the myth of dirty mediaeval times (which is a myth from Renaissance and enlightenment era).
Well, in Poland church was still just moaning about immoral practices like bathing during the black plague, but without any greater enthusiasm. Public bathhouses ware very common. Moreover king Kazimierz ordered a strict quarantine, so he flattened the curve of death. Thenks to this it was not such a shock to society, moreover it clearly showed that local Jews were not the cause.
Jewish population in Poland was not zero when ibn Ibrahim arrived!
Actually paganism in Poland didn't last more than a century after Mieszko converted and also polish people were just simply tolerant for medival European standards
1:58 I wonder how many jews it took to mint the country's coins two or three? Good job anyway I admit. I bet those owners of land did not plough themselvs.
02:32 In the original version you had nothing.
I do not understand. If 2000 jews were burned at the stake in Strasbourg, by any standards, that is a catastrophe bigger than a plague. Unless this is an exagerrated number, the yahood should never live in that evil, cursed, and racist land where such hate exists. Burning 2000 human beings, families, is beyond sadistic. Its against humanity.
That's why they left. Did you even watch the video?
Central European Plain, btw
I dont understand the hate of jewish people.
It was because the Jews were black and whites decreed to drive them out of europe. Its why they called it the dark ages and once they killed them en mass and deported and drove them out during their renaissance. This is what the world doesnt want you to know; but there are certain books about it.
Casimir married a Jewess. I heard.
You mean the legend of Esther. A medieval chronicler Długosz says that one of king's many mistresses was Jewish. The legend adds that it was she who made the king friendly towards the Jews.
Jewish fables even made her a royal wife.
no more israeli politics videos?
They now have their own channel! ua-cam.com/channels/hm6ruT0nyR-6BceX6qpgdg.html
Christians: "what sin have we done for such punishment as the black death"
God: *"I sent the plague because you murdered Jews, each other denominationally, and villages of Muslims, and murder in my name. Yea I send plague of punishment"*
Christians: **Says nothing**
The separation of church and state established by Casimir the Great...?! What? This is some ahistorical nonsense. In the Middle Ages, no one thought in such categories, it was only an invention of the French Revolution. Don't confuse people, man, and learn some history!
Did you know that not all historical figures were the same?
Open a book.
Seems the euro/Christians of the middle ages saw Jewish people as many the Israeli of today see the Palestinians. Human history can be a tad grim
This is sad considering the Christians worship Jesus who is a descendant of Levi through Mary
I thought mary was from the tribe of judah too
Well obviously, considering that Christianity literally used to be a branch of Judaism.
👍🇵🇱🇧🇷