Why Are Scientists Worldwide Suddenly Nervous by the New JWST Discovery from 10.8 Billion Years Ago?

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The universe is expanding, and the rate of this expansion is referred to as the Hubble constant, a crucial factor in understanding both the evolution and the future of our cosmos. It's like a balloon inflating-this constant measures how quickly that balloon is expanding. However, measuring the Hubble constant is proving to be quite tricky. Different methods yield different results, leading to what's known as the "Hubble tension."
Astronomers use two primary methods to measure the Hubble constant: distance indicators like supernovae and cosmic afterglow from the early universe, known as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). These methods should give the same value for the expansion rate, but they don't. Supernovae indicate a faster rate of 74 kilometers per second per megaparsec, while the CMB suggests a slower rate of 67.4 kilometers per second per megaparsec. This discrepancy has baffled scientists for years.
Adding fuel to this debate, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) recently observed a distant supernova called "Supernova Hope." This explosion occurred around 10.3 billion years ago when the universe was 3.5 billion years old. By analyzing this supernova, scientists reported a Hubble constant value of 75.4 kilometers per second per megaparsec, aligning with local universe measurements but conflicting with early universe data, worsening the Hubble tension.
The Hubble tension isn't the only cosmological mystery. Another problem, known as the S8 tension, revolves around how matter clumps together in the universe. Recent large-scale simulations using supercomputers like FLAMINGO have attempted to solve this by including more detailed data about both dark matter and regular matter. While these simulations have provided insights into galaxy formation, they haven't yet resolved the issue. Scientists remain optimistic, though, as further observations from the JWST and other instruments may eventually offer the answers.
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[@darrenarterbury7092]

I don't understand how the universe is expanding with the existence of the Great Attractor that is allegedly pulling everything, including all our local galaxies, towards it with its overwhelming gravity.

[@robertbate5790]

Neither do they. That's the problem, lol 🤣

[@Vaquero4382]

Has it ever occurred to anyone that the Hubble Constant might not be constant?

[@6AxisSage]

The universe is spreading itself out to maximise volume coverage

[@thehonorablejiveturkeyspoo6370]

I had no idea we had a crisis in cosmology. A crisis in cosmetology yes but not cosmology

[@JaDeeeee3097]

Really awesome content. With my limited understanding and Non-science background I think I understood most of it.
I wonder if the Hubble tension will remain in the future or if it will be replaced by the S8 - Tension model.
It didnt dawn on me yet, why astrologists are so deeply thinking about exactly that tension model. What is so fundamental about it? Does it allow us to calculate the light year distances between stars? Or what is this model normally used for?