What Matter Makes Up Our Known Universe? | Jim Al-Khalili | Spark
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- Опубліковано 23 гру 2024
- The great 19th-century Austrian physicist, Ludwig Boltzmann was one of the most important proponents of the idea that all matter is made of atoms.
Today no one doubts this is true but in Boltzmann's day it was a controversial idea and many of his contemporaries disagreed with him. But Boltzmann used brilliant mathematical arguments to show that many aspects of the world we observe, like the behavior of heat, can be explained if one accepts that atoms are real.
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@@zackzodiac1757a AAA 2$15😮🎉🎉🎉🎉
" when we understanding how Machines work we will understanding how universe works " : : mankind's pshyology : : child birth : : structured language : : nexit
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Prof. Jim is right up there with Brian Cox, as one of the most engaging and inspiring teachers of our time
Since seeing the first documentary narrated/hosted by him I said the same thing. You can just feel how passionate he is as well as happening to have a really clear and engaging voice and charisma.
Agreed! I wish that Jim Al-Khalili did more documentaries/lecture. I try to watch them all.
Better
Cox is way too arrogant when unscripted. Jim cognitive abilities are also order of magnitude above those of Cox.
@@qumpaniaI’ve watched both of the extensively. You are expressing a personal opinion. Arrogance.
I just revised my second law of thermodynamics at my age 91. In my college days I worked a lot with Entropy when working on steam cycle. I also happened to visit Fusion laboratory
in Oxfordshire on a College trip and was intrigued by a 700 ton flywheel was used to give a sudden burst of energy required for Fusion experimement. I read scientists are gradually
aproaching the temperature required for sustained fusion. Great lectureby Prof. Al Khalili.
@DaytonAutikait means they read up on it. You know revised like revising for an exam.
42:55 after 91 years fatefully discovers HIS OWN inevitable demise relentlessly displayed by the Material Laws of this Realm/Universe
It means when presented new data, he’s updated his understanding of how something works. Isn’t that how science is supposed to work?
"We will surely reach fusion b4 the turn of the century..." they said
Never to late to learn... And go back to university (or start😊) you are an inspiring grand dad, thanks for sharing your experience.
Years ago I watched these series and they actually blew my tiny little mind and I feel like my life since then has been perpetually falling down this rabbit hole over and over and over.
The Truth let’s you climb out when you need to. Don’t let it consume you.
@@harrymacdonald858 in the middle east, they refuse to believe the earth rotates, because if its true, they should be able to jump and end up in london and another jump new york with the last jump back reality.
Taking too many drugs
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
@@cancon88 or not enough. Maybe the wrong ones
This is one of the best and most beautiful documentaries on science in existence today.
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
Every documentary narrated by Jim al Khalili is the best I've ever seen.
He has a unique way of explaining relatively complex and difficult to explain ideas and processes so that they become accessible
That's what good teachers do
3:56 ライプニッツ (Leibniz)
14:08 カルノー (Carnot)
22:21 クラウジウス (Clausius)
29:59ボルツマン (Boltzmann
This is probably the best documentary channel on youtube right now. Always excited when they upload!
Check out" Best Documentary "
Absolutely. Top comment.
I like it
It’s a BBC documentary, resold
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
Everything Jim writes or creates is simply awesome !
7
Cambridge Prof Simon Schaffer's commentary was particularly wonderful to listen to. Thank you, Wonderful program. Beautifully edited.
I normally don't find these interesting, but I like this episode 👌
Same
This series of documentary is in totally different level. I'm truly amazed in many ways.
10 to 15 years old I think
One of the most exciting episodes of popular science videos. I am watching it for the third time and it is still a mesmerizing amalgam of facts, history, and most of all, a great narrative.
The car shot with you talking is brilliant. Keep up the great work !! ❤🤲🏻
What a way to tell..... Marvelous. Wish everybody could see your immense dedication and contribution.
Anything Jim Al Khalili does is brilliant. He keeps it easy to understand and always interesting. The thing about these videos, the amount of adverts! Does anyone watch them or does everyone press skip ASAP?
Great fun documentary if you’re enrolled in mechanical engineering thermodynamics…
I graduated years and I think knowing a little history behind Clausius statement would’ve been nice.
What is turmoil dianimate?? Can I element rats with that stuff??
I have concluded one thing. Discovery requires a tremendous amount of thinking.
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
Maybe not, when it comes to physics maybe we think too much
And it requires the abality to let the inspiration come to you ! A difficult balance between "la raison" (Descartes) and "daydreaming" (to accepte what's the eldest scientists will say wrong) so you need also courage and strong support cause the path seems to be long run and desapointment.
It's just amazing how quickly Humanity has developed.
Yes now we are far more efficient at killing each other.
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
and at the same time, declined. As above 👍 so below 👇
Makes me think this just one of MANY human episodes of sophisticated technical advancements and then somehow hurled BACK into the stone age through maybe some sort of natural/Galactica global disaster.
Science has developed quickly in recent times…. looks like the progression of humanity though is going backwards in this 21st century….
BEAUTIFUL. AMAZING. Unreal. Production value is off the charts. Ambient music kills it. Big thanks to all involved with this Spark.
Think the BBC made this few years back!
@@recsund THANKS BBC! Too funny! Im glad it was made a few years back, otherwise they would have made Lizzo the Isaac Newton of history.. Ha.
The music is sublime
@@daphne4983 True. I was lost in it for a bit.
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
Understanding the universe is fantastic.
A profoundly thought-provking documentary which forms a bridge between "intangible" and "tangilble". Absoultely worth investing 2 hours.
Amazing content! Thanks for sharing knowledge!!
All stolen from the BBC
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
Enjoy your great explanation, with love and prayers from Nigeria 🇳🇬
This documentary video must be shown in every school teaching physics!
I love this guy he is a phenomenal human being. He's a wonderful teacher. More people to pay attention to what this man has to say. He is on point! 🙏🙏
@@batsoup8338 h h be
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
Hate that expression"on point"
Very pretentious 😏
@@johncoyle8139 I think he is the devil
@@TimPerfettowhy
That silk portrait of Jacquard was hanging on the wall in the living room in my grandparents' house, and the cousins and I never had any idea what it was. Our family came from Lyon and started a silk works in Pennsylvania way way back in the day. Glad I watched this!
Is worth lots of money in any museum
That's so cool!!👍 U should get one too, keep it going!!!
Wow, what an interesting history…
@martinstehli6346 Your family has stepped into history. How wonderful to find it in this documentary. You've come full circle and now you know what it was. What makes the portrait so amazing is knowing his story and what it was made of.
This has became one of my favorite channels on UA-cam. I love it.
Probably the best documentary that I’ve ever watched…
Prof.Jim!!✋ zawsze poziom i elegancja wykładu popularno-naukowego✨🌹,,rzeczywistość,,zadziwia i szokuje🌃😯!?
Thanks!
This is an amazing documentary
When 'professor' Jim claimed "Maxwell's Demon could create order WITHOUT EXPENDING ANY EFFORT" I lost all respect for him or any of his videos. First of all, the Demon needs to constantly keep track of billions of atoms flying through space, then at precisely the right moment, open doors to let individual atoms pass through. And you say all that can be done with no effort or energy? Omg, what a moron.
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Great stuff. I watch over 5 times to understand it all. Congrats!
goosebumps while watching that fusion reactor glow, amazing
I kept thinking what if it exploded any minute. Then what!???!!!! Surprised they didn't mention CERN.
One of the greatest and most exquisite science documentaries available today is this one.
Someone, please explain, in maxwell's demon thought experiment, even with the information about molecule separation of cold and hot molecules requires some energy right?
Yeah its impossible but its a thought experiment about entropy. Entropy in a closed system always increases: order to disorder. Maxwell's demon was a challenge to that hypothesis. If you could have perfect knowledge and insight, you could separate the atoms/molecules and collect all of the hot ones on one side, all of the cold on the other, therefore reversing entropy.
@@SubvertTheState Thanks for the clarification !!!
@@SubvertTheState Perfect knowledge is likely what is driving AI.
That was the most beautiful inspiring educational program I’ve ever. Thank you.
This program was thrilling and, strangely inspiring to me. The beauty, and the Majesty of it all and its ability to be perceived by man.
Why distinguish deletion? I'd say storing information needs energy too. And copying feels like better choice for the basic operation. Moving, or "destructive copying" is for free, and duplication takes energy.
One of the best documentaries
46:41 omg.... the intensity! I will have to say i can somewhat relate to the pressures of ot being understood when trying to say or do what i need to. Ill leave it at that as im quite sure most will know where im comics from. It is what i hope is taken farther and explainable to progress in better undersranding entropy in all areas especially psychologically.
True, writing words has done a lot for us, but we need a code that will forever remain clear, concise, and nonambiguous. 😭
These are all the best documentaries I've ever seen. I never fully understood the double Slit experiment till I watched him!
Being from northern UK the cotton mills were a huge thing here during the industrial revolution
I'm from the UK also and as a kid I visited Titus Salts Saltaire and so on👍
yippie
One of the best science videos I've ever seen....
Very interesting. This documentary was produced few years back. Wonder what new tech and discoveries have been made since
They have been focusing on Uranus apparently.
not much i should think. all the science covered here really has left the world unrecognizable ever since and is itself very old by now, but I get the feeling it represents some of the biggest ideas that are even fathomable, let alone 100% real. so to fully grasp would take us more time, whatever the scale
Our universe is composed of ordinary matter (4.9%), dark matter (26.8%), and dark energy (68.3%). Ordinary matter consists of atoms that form planets, stars, and galaxies.
What a informative video
an... what "an" informative video.
;-)
At 26:33 there's an incorrect statement: "as hot things cool their entropy increases". This is almost always wrong as the the derivative of entropy wr to energy is the inverse of temlerature (that's temperature's definition, in fact), so as long as the temperature is positive the changes in energy and entropy are always of the same sign: they either increase together or decrease together. There are states that have effectively negative temperature, such as states of atoms in lasers, however in simple systems like a cup of tea temperature is positive. And so, for these systems the opposite of what Jim is saying is true. Comment below if you know how to amend Jim's statement (this is rather simple, really), or let me know if you need pointers to the relevant exposition.
Mais um trabalho espetacular.....obrigado, mestre!
Does the speed of light limit also apply to the vibration of atoms? If so than there is a maximum temperature?
Excellent informations thanks sir
No one has ever really seen an atom. Humans like to see something before they believe in it. I am sure there are some people who object to that since there have been claims that electron microscopes have imaged atoms? just give the loons a Ball.
Professor, u truly r an amazing autour of history n science . I believe u are 1 of few humans on this planet able to see past our negatives and only see the positives of every type of cultures on this planet we all share !
He's one of my favorites. Also he might be the only person born in Iraq named Jim. Respect 🙏
Jameel Sadik Al-Khalili
I like all the discussions about Jim Al Khalili being appreciated and admired. I also think him being the only whom i could understand such complex scientific topics with ease.
You are awesome teacher, thank you.
No one has ever really seen an atom. Humans like to see something before they believe in it. I am sure there are some people who object to that since there have been claims that electron microscopes have imaged atoms? just give the loons a Ball.
One of my favorite science educators, Al-Khalili is the British Sagan of our times. Of course I remember the OG when Cosmos was first broadcast, and though I was already in my early 20s it changed my life.
Amazing video, thank you!
When 'professor' Jim claimed "Maxwell's Demon could create order WITHOUT EXPENDING ANY EFFORT" I lost all respect for him or any of his videos. First of all, the Demon needs to constantly keep track of billions of atoms flying through space, then at precisely the right moment, open doors to let individual atoms pass through. And you say all that can be done with no effort or energy? Omg, what a moron.
Loved every bit of this 💡☎️🖥️ Always makes a subject interesting does JAK🏆
Thanks for your video it just reassured me of how insane people are to think that to use it like it is is okay in any way at all thanks for reminding me I'm a cancer survivor so far but hell 2 weeks into the radiation chemo I lost over 50 lb and never gained it back and slowly have been dying from radiation so why would anybody line up at the doors there something must be done good luck.
I haven't read the other replies but.
Am I incorrect to assume that once Entropy reaches or constructs the end of the. Universe.
Doesn't everything become nothing and order is restored and Entropy starts all over again?
Guinness and did return to work ..but is still on chemo ..
But must of helped ??
My son in law has been through
Chemo ..he drank
I do believe we are in a sandwich of radiation now with WiFi 5g now in use..
Our poor immune cells.
there are so much more advanced ways of treating cancer (sorry about your experience btw) they had a much healthier and effective way of treating cancer when they chose radiation as the only way the medical doctors would be allowed to treat their patients because it made them more money due to recurring health problems. in fact it is merely a watered down solution of mustard gas.
I'm proud that I thought entropy on my own before learning about it from the experts... I could could understand how things went from a hot state to a cool state...but not vice versa... this in fact was a form of entropy...
Well the wings of eagals have one feather, the tranimal. I have it on great authority that Mr. Toad will not be attending your sauce festival but the Ents will light the lamplights on Griminal eave for you. Have a lovely day and don't eat the frooootcake.
More Jim.... he's a wonderful presenter
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
No thanks! Sick of the english accent!
Takes me back to the dark days of physical chemistry and Dr Stubbins thermodynamics lectures. I wish we had had Jim!
Great channel would be nice if there weren't ads every 3 minutes
You can thank You tube loving$$$
I know the ads just blow🤔
it's called adblock, use it.
EXTRA ORDINARY RESEARCH FOR THIS INFORMATIVE EPISODE 🎉
THANKS FOR
Never the less interesting part of history would be to know who and how manufctured these massive machinery parts...
Jim Al-Khalili videos are so interesting, this commit is to keep track! Second observation.
The power of time has a natural way of evening out imbalances
"Living force is an amazing concept isn't it? ☺️ Saved the world from a lot of trouble!"
Really great content! Should be seen by every student
If you stop and think about it for a moment you may come to think of language, any kind, as a magical thing. It just depends upon how you define magic.
Yeah it has that affect. I never thought about how much it changes meaning from when it was first thought up by people who hadn't yet imagined things words mean today.
If you stop and Think about it. if
True. Words are spells
Lmao ni shuo duile dummy
💖The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🔥
What is the musical soundtrack to this documentary?
I love his narration 👏🙏 so cozy to listen to and engaging.
Its called brainwashing to psyop mind control but a lot less sophisticated tech than Voice to Skull mind control. Dont be a sheep who falls for the glamour, research yourself to avoid falling victim.
Don’t let anything u can’t control effect your spiritual energy and environment entanglement with positive vibrations
Sound advise
Meaningless clap-trap
@@Tinker1950 if you are blind to the meaning why not ask for the explanation
Foolish like relying on the rain for drinking water. No control
@@dontlizten
Because, as I mentioned, it's meaningless clap-trap.
As I'm fully au fait with my native tongue, a request for 'explanation' would be superfluous.
Any attempt at logical communication or use of sentences containing the words, 'spiritual' and 'energy' is to be immediately disregarded. I would also include, 'vibrations' especially when juxtaposed with 'crystal'.
Finally, a quick review of the poster's profile is often rather telling.
The Victorian age was the era of great planners builders and engineers at a time of marvelous thinking, the foundation for the construction of the modern World.
I'm so happy I made productive decisions about my finances that changed my life forever. I'm a single mother living in Melboume Australia, bought my second house in September and hoping to retire next year at 50 if things keep going smoothly for me...
Criptocurrencies? Better in the housing market in Málaga, where i live
I love listening to him and his way 9f speaking on silence and it's history. Keep it up Jim Ali kalili
God bless everyone
May God bless you brother.
No one can prove or disprove, the perfect mindfuc. 👆
Which god today?
God can only bless people according to their ways - good or bad! God is not a liar. Politics / testing not included!
No, but thanks
Yet another brilliant documentary, joining events over time to show where we are at this moment. But a fundamental aspect needs great consideration as 'things move from order to disorder' tapping into the 'rate' of or 'speed/velocity' of this disorder changes by either decreasing or increasing depending on inventions and developments - but, what is the mean rate of entropy?. If the goal of human is to delay reaching 'total entropy', then what we are doing to the climate is of importance. Not bringing religion into this but in religious text we know that we start an action and its another that continues ('the Moses to Joshua effect', throughout this documentary progress had been highlighted in this way) So where a seed is sown now with technology and the continuous development thereof we need time. If we know the 'rate' we know our timing and the steps that are the best way forward.
Beautifully said. Thank you. I share your concerns and so does Goeffrey Hinton, "Godfather of AI." He quit Google and is on YT warning of the dangers.
And God created the Heaven and the Earth.
@@harrymacdonald858 then explain who created the universe...
Odd how the deniers never come back with an answer for that? Hmmm...
LOL.
@@user-zt4zr7eg6z let me guess... You can't explain it either?
This video must be shown in every schools teaching physics!
What's the name of the music at the start ?
My Je'daii character in Star Wars is an academic who understands that all things end. The second law of thermal-dynamics are a chief reason for that.
Absolutely awesome presentation
Jim Al Khalili is so amazing explaining things about Physics
Agreed. He is top class.
1:21:15 Those aren't information lines, those are alternating current transmission lines.
Information is carried through wires by electricity.
...Wonderful study on physics and information....However, never forget this. There had to be a 1st Cause for both physics and information. And it is undeniable that both physics and information must come from an Intelligent Source.
Very lucid description of most complex problems. Thank you.
These are the best documentaries ever
Is this actually new or just re-uploaded? Because I remember it was one of these videos of Jim's on 'information' that introduced me to Maxwell's Demon 😈... A little over halfway through and it seems familiar as he starts talking about the loom but I'm not sure if it's the exact same yet?
I feel like its a compilation of two of Jim's previous documentaries, "What is Energy" and "Information." So its like they have bee put in one video.
Wishful thinking has left me with a rude awakening too many times so far to feel ok with anything.
It's a low line between good and bad. Or a safe line. However you look at it. Maybe the learning the hard way starts more innocent now. If it doesn't give too much hell for somebody that'll grudge 10 fold back over nothing. Fairly touchy myself sometimes.
Title says "compilation"
35:47 amazingly shown. Am a bit relieved i must say feeling the way i do. This does get me upset about how our schools ate lacking teaching. I loved Biology, 98 average and band as well. There is so much i was pushed out of and my daughters generation is even worse. Had it been different, i know id been so much farther and my daughter as well. Its terrible how things are these days.
Thank you Professor Jim. This was very informative.
What was said at 8:26?
From Jacquards loom to algorythms! Fascinating
No one has ever really seen an atom. Humans like to see something before they believe in it. I am sure there are some people who object to that since there have been claims that electron microscopes have imaged atoms? just give the loons a Ball.
What is the intro music? It is mesmerizing!
...if you play this intro music into somebody else's cell phone while they press the "what's this song" button... ..
.....(🎙️).... It should be able to identify it for you,... But it is very similar to a lot of other mysterious ambient music out there so it may be hard to identify, but you definitely will find a lot of other amazing mesmerizing music by trying because it'll find the nearest thing to it...
... And you will love all of those as well, I listen to them all the time,...very relaxing,, ....good for focus,,, good for sleep....good for thinking...good for not thinking...
Good luck..
@@DontbeAsshole I tried using a third party app to do exactly that. The app has been 90% successful in the past… but not for this particular tune. The hunt continues…
@@xkapade_official yeah I kind of suspected that it might be difficult to identify, it's such a non distinct sound, I'll give it a try one of these days when I get a second phone near me and I'll let you know what happens for the fun of it,..
.... If you want to hear other mesmerizing space music that is often just like this, all you have to do is search for "ambient space music" and that should take you near to the sounds we're talking about.
....,.......
I want it too, but shazam just can't :(
Regarding Maxwells Demon, and the separation of low and high energy molecules, based only on information, sounds like a perpetual motion machine to me. First you have to obtain the information, which requires some energy-driven interaction, and as we know from the quantum measurement problem, measuring something imparts energy to it, and changes its properties. Second, you need an energy-driven trap door that can open and close to segregate the fast molecules from the slow ones. So even if you know which are fast and which are slow, you still need to seperate them physically. Just as you would if you had a box of red and green balls, sure you know which are red and which are green (the energy from light give you that information) but you still have to pick out the red ones, energetically. And ultimately it will require more energy to identify and separate the molecules than you can obtain from your gadget. Sorry, but I dont see this kind of process happening energy-free on information only. No cigar here.
yeah it wasn't a good "eye deer" lmao
He said that the "Demon Process" WAS NOT POSSIBLE because of the energy required to delete the information in the Demon's memory. He said this energy cost would defeat the possibility of perpetual motion.
BTW, just because the trap door requires energy to operate does not mean a perpetual motion machine is not possible. If the energy obtained by separating the particles is greater than the energy needed to operate the trap door you would have a net energy gain. It all depends on the energy gained versus the energy costs.
I assume someone has calculated all the energy gains & costs, it's definitely above my pay grade .
My proof for this would be that I haven't seen too many perpetual motion machines that work all that well. (lol)
@radzewicz I'm with you. Then, focusing only on Maxwell's demon's brain (not the equipment as you have successfully done), I don't see him filling up his memory nor DELETING anything. Rather I see him using TIME to create PATTERNS to recognize the "where + speed" of molecules in order to know WHEN to allow molescules to pass through thereby creating order out of disorder. Further, with TIME (experience), his pattern recognition is refined so that he EXCLUDES (not deletes) all superfluous data that distracts from his purpose thereby CONSERVING energy. He learns what to look for and ignores the rest - similar to what Alan Turing did with his experiments. I don't see that he has to ERASE anything. Thus, TIME is the energy it costs for the demon to function efficiently, not the erasure of data. Of course, he does have to expend energy to open the hatch!
25:10 By looking at 2 different-temperature bodies in contact with one another, you can't tell if the hot if moving to the cold or the cold is moving to the hot. Without knowing the hot body is the carrier of the energy, the change amounts to the same thing. Nowadays, we know that heat is just another way of looking at kinetic energy, and we can form theories.
TRACK ID for the main theme song? .... love it!!!
Have you found it?
@@Lambdaphile not yet
@@pavdub It's Order 7 Piano 7C from Alex Menzies :)
Thank you for sharing your knowledge, i really appreciate. 🙏🙏
In this video, Jim explored how information and energy are entangled and are encoded in the nature of binary bits, only the next step of superposition of QUBITS allowed Maldacena to conjecture how quantum computing function can explain everything in the universe and let Penrose explain how irreversible system can be built from reversible (big bang to big crunch in an ever cyclic universe when entropy was always increasing.
When 'professor' Jim claimed "Maxwell's Demon could create order WITHOUT EXPENDING ANY EFFORT" I lost all respect for him or any of his videos. First of all, the Demon needs to constantly keep track of billions of atoms flying through space, then at precisely the right moment, open doors to let individual atoms pass through. And you say all that can be done with no effort or energy? Omg, what a moron.
@@djbenje4019 The Demon wasn't Jim's, I think it was Bell's.
1:13:03 perfectly executed thought spoken before you speak it into existence and then it becomes a reality that you don’t have to worry about your own feelings about it anymore because you are the one who has to be the one ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤😂 1:24:08
1:26:49 wow that’s so cool
1:28:23 Omega Protocol thank you for this opportunity to help us get the best possible outcome for our families 1:29:25
Allen Touring Company has been working with several other companies in this area we believe the destiny God has set us all i together