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Thank you for asking, all of our systems are freshwater, but we work with partners at Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology that is doing research on salmonids in saltwater systems: www.umces.edu/imet We are collaborating on a national collaborative salmon project that involves research in both fresh and saltwater, more info here: salmononland.org/

Hello @YeeKhaiify we can do this several different ways. In our Atlantic salmon tanks, the tanks have been manufactured with water jets that are formed into the side of the fiberglass tank. The inflow water is supplied to these jets to create velocity in one direction. In addition, we can also create velocity using a capped PVC pipe with holes drilled down in a line for our inflow pipe. The size and amount of holes determines the velocity of flow (larger and more holes creates lower velocity, fewer and smaller holes creates greater velocity). I would be happy to discuss or send photos, email us at: ehauser@uwsp.edu

​ @uw-stevenspointnorthernaqu8491

Hello @gabimatei855 our facility is 8500 square-foot production barn (what you are seeing in the video) which has the two RAS along with incubation, larval and flow through systems. We also have four half acre ponds that utilize power for aeration throughout the summer months. It is difficult for us to give you an exact number for one of our RAS apart from everything else, but an estimate would be around 28600 kilowatt hours per month for one of the RAS systems. The salmon RAS has three, 4hp, 3-phase pumps running consistently, which is most of the systems energy consumption.

​@@uw-stevenspointnorthernaqu8491 Thanks for your response. I wanted to calculate roughly how much I would consume if I opened a 600 square meter facility. If I had two pumps, I still think that I would consume around 2000 kilowatts/per month. I don't know much at the moment, I'm new to this topic but I'm documenting myself day by day. Thank you for your answer!

@@gabimatei855 if you are pursuing RAS, it is critical that you utilize a proven system and design. If you like we can share with you some further resources for this, feel free to contact us: ehauser@uwsp.edu

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CO2 levels is of course dependent on the species, age, water temperature and more factors, we have make up air units in the facility that remove the CO2 from the facility and bring fresh air in. Yes RAS can be an expensive system but also enables optimal control over the fish environment while reusing water. Regardless, economic and biological planning is critical for these systems to be economically sustainable and successful.

We have done research on nano bubbles but in these two RAS in this video, we are not using nano bubble technology, we are using oxygen speece cones (for our warm water system) and low head oxygenation unit (four our cold water system).

Depending on the project, system and densities, we do have some overflow or supplemental water that is coming into the system as makeup water. This gives us a bit of a buffer for water quality, cleaning, evaporation, etc. Yes, this water could be collected and used as irrigation or sent to a separate aquaponics set up. Please reach out to us and I can explain further: ehauser@uwsp.edu

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The effluent stream is sent to a settling basin where we collect the solids and can land apply as fertilizer, we donate this fertilizer to local farmers. The water that overflows the settling basin then is sent to a created wetland where nutrients are taken up by cattails and wild rice. Both the settling basins and wetland size was designed to handle a maximum feed load for our facility.

@@uw-stevenspointnorthernaqu8491 That is good to hear.

​@@uw-stevenspointnorthernaqu8491 ​ How many kilowatts of energy do you consume per month?

Hello Michele, thanks for asking. We feed our fish a diet consistent with the nutritional needs of the species, as well as have ingredients that are certified for human consumption of these food fish. All of our fish are fed a pelleted diet when they are raised indoors. These diets are also specific for use in water reuse systems. We utilize a variety of Skretting diets for this purpose: www.skretting.com/ . There are many misconceptions of fish food, especially utilization of pigments in the diets. These pigments are actually an important antioxidant for the fish as well as for us, known as astaxanthin or canthaxanthin. You can actually purchase these at a health food store as a supplement. For more info on fish food, check out the National Aquaculture Association page here: www.nationalaquaculture.org/aquaculture-sustainability/ or feel free to let me know any other questions you may have.

Yes, we do have a siphon pump generally :)

Hello, thank you for your question, generally this system has about a 60% water reuse potential, mainly the limiting factor was oxygen. Again, this system does not have a drum filter or biofilter so we relied on the fresh water to flush ammonia and solids from the system. We had 8 tanks in this system, calculation for reusing the water is approximated here: 8 tanks 2000L each, 2 exchanges an hour 8X2000X2=32000 Liters per hour 533LPM 141Gallons per minute 60% of that is 19200LPH of recirc water 19200/60=320LPM, about 85 Gallons per minute. The remaining is 12800LPH = 213LPM or 56GPM fresh water.

@@uw-stevenspointnorthernaqu8491 Where does this new water come from because 56 gpm is a lot of water, 3360 gph, or 80000 gallons per day . That would be expensive here. About 84 dollars a day or 2400 a month.

@@vtecmissle thanks for your question. The facility has two high-capacity wells, they are able to provide around 800 gallons per minute each, although generally we are using a maximum of 500 gallons per minute for the entire research facility, most of this flow is going to our flow through larval and raceway systems. Yes, depending on your location, 56 gallons per minute may be significant to run, but this idea was comparing against a flow through system. In that case we would have to run 141 gallons per minute if this system was flow through. This system was created as a way to save water without using a drum or biofilter.

Hi Jody. RDM is certainly one place to approach for help. Another good source for this kind of aquatic knowledge is Kentucky State University Center for Aquaculture. They helped set up Black Iris Farms in Ann Arbor, Michigan which is a state of the art marine shrimp farming facility. I was one of the lucky few that got a tour of Black Iris Farms and all I can say is “I want one too!”. The owner is also an amazing person and one of the most honest people that I’ve ever met in my life.

thank you for your comment, this information is from RDM Shrimp, we just posted it. Please visit them to learn more: www.rdmshrimp.com/

This is a dip treatment where we can dip from 1 to 3% , if you were looking at a bath treatment, that would be much lower level like a .3%. check out this article: www.thesprucepets.com/using-salt-in-a-freshwater-aquarium-1378797#:~:text=When%20treating%20external%20parasites%2C%20a%20dip%20is%20the,make%20a%20solution%20of%201.5%20to%203.0%25%20salinity.

Thank you for your comment, please email Tim to reach him, his email is in the presentation in his first slide

Hello, apologies on the late response, all the presentations can be viewed and downloaded here: uwsp.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_893964fb-c5bd-470b-bcd0-f4b87b231d35/ Also, if you increase the quality of the video playing on UA-cam (under the settings icon in the video), the slides should show up better in the video.

Hello, Tim's contact is on his first slide, at 0:21 in. His email is tim.harder@skretting.com

Hi Peter, I am unsure, we normally use food grade iodine free salt for this, it is cheap and biosecure. If you are using seawater, you may be exposing pathogens to your fish.

Hello, thanks for the comment, be sure and quarantine the fish from any others. Generally, salt is for parasites or bacteria issues, and may help with a bacterial infection that could be causing the sores. Check in with your local aquarium about some treatment options, maybe melafix or pimafix. Unless diagnosed, it may be hard to treat. Salt dips can also be done, but do some research first on dipping your koi and what others have found effective, adding aquarium salt to a quarantine tank following the brand's instructions may also help to heal the sores and prevent further infection.

Hello thank you for your comment and watching our video, here are some thoughts to your comments: 1. You don't need a bio-filter on an aquaponics system. a. This is true if it is a small aquaponic system, hobby to family-size. There are enough bacteria in the tanks, pipes and plant roots to serve the role of a biofilter. b. But if this is a commercial-sized system, then an additional biofilter may be necessary because there isn’t enough surface area for the bacteria to grow on just in the tanks, pipes and plant roots. Especially since the plants will be on a revolving harvest schedule. 2. Plants uptake and indeed prefer ammonia over Nitrate. a. Plants can uptake both ammonia and nitrate. Which they prefer is a factor of pH and the type of plant. If the plant uptakes ammonia it needs to assimilate it into a transferable form. 3. Biofiltration in grow-media beds is incidental to the plant uptake. a. Most aquaponic systems that use grow beds do not require a biofilter because the grow-media provides enough surface are for the beneficial bacteria. As you know, there is such a diversity of aquaponics systems from size, design and species raised. Therefore how the systems operate including biofiltration can be widely different.

Hello, we may have opportunities available, can you email ehauser@uwsp.edu with your interest?

Hello, thank you for your comment, results have yet to be published but the project page is here: www3.uwsp.edu/cols-ap/nadf/Pages/Walleye-Reared-in-Traditional-vs-Integrated-Aquaculture-Systems-.aspx also check out some of these cost estimate templates for raising walleye in RAS: www3.uwsp.edu/cols-ap/nadf/Pages/Walleye-for-Food-and-Stocking.aspx

@@uw-stevenspointnorthernaqu8491 thanks very much

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Hi Abid, if you email us at ehauser@uwsp.edu we can discuss opportunities/resources you may be interested in

Thank you for your comment. Fish health and welfare is a top priority for us as well as many aquaculture farmers. Fish are highly sensitive animals and prolonged stress can quickly lead to disease or mortalities. It is crucial for us and farmers to provide optimum water quality and environment for fish to thrive and survive. We strive for sustainable fish culture to support a healthy protein source for communities but also to support research for fish conservation efforts. In the U.S., fish farmers are regulated by a number of agencies including EPA, USDA, DNR, NOAA, and Dept. of Agriculture. If you have any other questions about how fish are raised in the United States, please contact us.