I appreciated your walkthrough at the beginning. While nice to watch experiments, knowing what is happening is the important part otherwise might as well watch some special effects.
7:52 It's the Persulphate decomposing to Sulphate and Oxygen gas. Persulphate is thermodynamically unstable in water, with a temperature dependant decomposition rate that makes it seem like the bubbling stops when it's cold, but in reality it will all still decompose within a few weeks to months (depending on the what the room temperature is) if you left it like that. You can confirm this by bubbling the gas through soapy water and trying to ignite the bubbles. If it was Hydrogen, the bubbles would pop and burn, while Oxygen doesn't do anything in such small quantities.
I think the bubbles may be persulfate decomposition and oxygen liberation. Hydrogen gas being released wouldn't make much sense, as for this, H+ needs to be reduced, not oxidized. Another possibility may be nitrogen formation via the oxidation of NH4+ to N2 and water. You could test this by holding a lit match into the beaker. If the flame becomes stronger, you produced oxygen - if the flame gets suffocated, it's nitrogen.
I believe you are correct. When doing the actual video I didn't plan well on how to assess what was happening and it was the first thought that I had. Thank you for your insight.
Potent stuff, everything is available other than a single oxygen for high temp oxidation. With Mg it would be scary. Can use Al. Zr and Ti powders to make flash compositions too. Mixing with Zn dust is not fast, but it makes a beautiful blue long duration flash.❤
That's a legit question. I did video weighing it and determining the percent yield, but it got lost in the transfer from my camera phone and my pc. The actual yield was 84.3 gms, so a 71.2% yield. Not great, and not terrible. This is the first time I actually tried these quantities and I need to do some more research to hopefully find out how to increase the actual yield some more.
Hey just a question, so where i live i cant buy any persulfate salts and im wondering if i can make it electrolytically. Ive read that i can make it by electrolyzing bisulfate with a platinum anode. Will the anode corrode and is it possible?
thanks for ur videos. I need some info pls bro about for perchlorate cell do we need to purify the NaCl before starting to get good product. And is adding few drops of sulfuric acid to the brine will make it goes faster thanks 🙏
Love the video and wish I knew you in real life as you seem. like you'd be an awesome dude to ask questions when they have them! However, Either your oxidizer was not fully dry out or. maybe not ground well enough. Or lastly, the proportions or ratio may have been incorrect because that is definitely not the most powerful thing. I've seen from two grams of flash powder. I have some magnalium 325 mesh that I've mixed with potassium. chlorate, and it is Gosh dang. concussive When you light up two grams, even unconfined! I'm not disputing your claim of it being the strongest flash, I'm sure that you're accurate, but just, I think that if. whatever is causing it not to detonate Get resolved you're going to have a much better explosion!
Hey thanks for the kind words! And, your experience. I'm trying to find a way to put this whole "strongest flash powder" thing I've started to rest. I'm still working on it.
@@cranialconstruction2218 I’ve mixed potassium persulfate with magnesium and aluminum in various quantities. No doubt I find potassium perchlorate to have a more violent reaction and sometimes a detonation, when touched by a flame.
K2S2O8 are not very strong and unstable, unprofessional for FP. It is a much worse oxidizer for flash than potassium nitrate. A Ba(NO3)2 Mg S 5/4/1 are a much more better pro and safer choice, louder than any persulphate. The two most strongest can make from KClO3 or KClO4 with extreme fine, finer than 20 micron homemade Mg presence of maximum 10% sulfur for small products. But with KClO3 this will highly sensitive for inpact, friction. But still a much better choice than using Na or K persulfate. If you want a real strong, safe professional FP try KClO4 Al S 5/4/1 with Dark 2-7 micron Al.
I appreciate your input. The amount I used in video wasn't even quite a gram that included both the pot. persulfate and the Al. I have used 5 grams total (2.5 + 2.5) before and it exploded violently. I didn't include a video of that sort of mix as i didn't feel it was appropriate for a UA-cam video. Your suggestions are great, but you really need to try pot. persulfate to understand it's strength. Also, KClO3 is far more unstable than any persulfate. You can find that info almost anywhere.
@@cranialconstruction2218 On APC Forum Blogs selection the are a detailed research about this them. Under 15 year research i tried all possible oxidizer for flash which can listed on YT, and users are using for firecrackers. The most powerful safe stable flash powder was KClO4/Al/S 50/40/10%. Which is close to its strength and can even be used for professional purposes are KClO3/Al 70/30. KClO3/Metal/S 5/4/1 The metal are Mg (always coated with linseed oil), Mg/Al (coated) 50: 50, Al gives absolute the same sound effect than KClO4/Al/S 50/40/10 in firecrackers, but here with high sensitivity and stability issues. There is lot of professional documentation on such KClO3 flash compositions. Which can come close in terms of performance are Ba(ClO3)2 but this more sensitive than KClO3 and that's why it's useless, its decomposition temperature is too low to easy way heat it on gas stove (to get moisture free powder). Ba(ClO3)2, Persulphates, KMnO4, there is no official research material on them either because they are completely incompatible for the purpose. Everything else is far behind the power of KClO4. But comparing persulfates with Mg, Sr(NO3)2, Ba(NO3)2, and much more under a precise good strong confinement much more stronger better than any persulfate. Check Shimizu F.A.S.T book Magnesium, Aluminum, Magnalium tables. KClO3 with linseed oil coated Mg, Mg/Al have a good storage stability, but much more sensitive for friction, impact than the most of FP. Persulfates in flash get some moisture, heat in summer it is absolute not stable, it can ignite spontaneously at any time during storage. And it's an unnecessary risk because a much stronger and completely stable flash can be made with many other oxidizer like Sr(NO3)2, Ba(NO3)2, or even weaker NaNO3 too with -400mesh coated Mg. You can't tell how strong a flash is from how fast it is. 0.1g a knife tip portion in a firecracker can demonstrate the real difference in power.
@@cranialconstruction2218 It has an identical number of oxygen atoms and due to the sodium being a little smaller than potassium and it having a higher density it also has a greater amount of available oxygen by weight and volume. Only problem is that the sodium cations tend to be less reactive than potassium in many cases.
Nice science, i love science but I'll NEVER do this to make flash. Too much science, too many steps, many more chances for mishaps. Must be slow flash cuz it should've banged instead of just a poof. But again thats probably cuz its slower flash which means it has to be contained very well for top performance. Thick wall tube, no small salutes, has to be sealed with more than just an empty paper plug to prevent blowout and get a complete burn.
Hey, I love pyrotechnic stuff like flash powder, but if you don’t have the proper licenses for making this stuff it is a federal offense. I wouldn’t do this. Stay safe and have fun.
Sort of. Federal law is concentrated on the commercial usages, sale, storage, transportation, and quantities. There are exemptions for personal usages on the federal side. You still have to consider state and local laws too. Skykighter has an article discussing it with plenty of references. Ned Gorski might still have some videos involving it on youtube but he removed a lot of stuff a few years ago when youtube started cracking down on this information. Anyways, Gorski actually showed how easy it was to get a an ATF explosives license covering pyrotechnics and goes through the process. He has his own website and subscription thing. I'm not sure if it's still freely available now. You can find other sources of the same information though. I know the common reaction post 9/11 is how can this be possible, we are made to believe that even thinking about it is enough to get raided. But it's more nuanced than that.
Please consider helping out this channel via PayPal. Its so very much appreciated. Link is in the description.
Love the pics of the crystals at the end, it's a nice touch.
Thanks man. I am blessed to have been gifted a really nice, but older, microscope.
I really appreciate that you make videos that you rarely see on UA-cam. This isn't only the 2nd time.
Thank you so very much. I really appreciate your continued support.
I appreciated your walkthrough at the beginning. While nice to watch experiments, knowing what is happening is the important part otherwise might as well watch some special effects.
7:52 It's the Persulphate decomposing to Sulphate and Oxygen gas.
Persulphate is thermodynamically unstable in water, with a temperature dependant decomposition rate that makes it seem like the bubbling stops when it's cold, but in reality it will all still decompose within a few weeks to months (depending on the what the room temperature is) if you left it like that.
You can confirm this by bubbling the gas through soapy water and trying to ignite the bubbles. If it was Hydrogen, the bubbles would pop and burn, while Oxygen doesn't do anything in such small quantities.
I think the bubbles may be persulfate decomposition and oxygen liberation. Hydrogen gas being released wouldn't make much sense, as for this, H+ needs to be reduced, not oxidized. Another possibility may be nitrogen formation via the oxidation of NH4+ to N2 and water. You could test this by holding a lit match into the beaker. If the flame becomes stronger, you produced oxygen - if the flame gets suffocated, it's nitrogen.
And while I think you're right that it's not H, your flame test would demonstrate that it was, if it was! Floooof!
I believe you are correct. When doing the actual video I didn't plan well on how to assess what was happening and it was the first thought that I had. Thank you for your insight.
Wow I didn’t knew that this is so easy😮 very interesting, thank you for sharing 🙏🏻
This is the content we love❤️✊
But why don't you try flash with straight ammonium persulfate, it's also a strong oxidizer?
I have actually and it works pretty well. But, it's not the strongest flash powder known and that's what this video was about.
Me: How bright is it?
Video: Single entierly white frame.
Cranial Construction: Yes
Keep it up brother your videos are 🔥🔥🔥
Thank you!!
Nice lab equipment, Amigo. ❤❤
Thanks. It's been a slow collection over many years.
Potent stuff, everything is available other than a single oxygen for high temp oxidation. With Mg it would be scary. Can use Al. Zr and Ti powders to make flash compositions too. Mixing with Zn dust is not fast, but it makes a beautiful blue long duration flash.❤
Hey I really appreciate the insight. Thank you.
good job!
That rod with you hotplate, what thread is that, mine didn't come with one..
The bolt is 7/32" and has fine threads with 7 threads per 1/4"
Awesome.
nice work .
Thank you!
Grate video. What was the yield? Theoretical was 118.4. How close did you get?
Not it's a chemistry video.
That's a legit question. I did video weighing it and determining the percent yield, but it got lost in the transfer from my camera phone and my pc. The actual yield was 84.3 gms, so a 71.2% yield. Not great, and not terrible. This is the first time I actually tried these quantities and I need to do some more research to hopefully find out how to increase the actual yield some more.
Wondering if reducing the water before crashing would increase the yeild.
the bubbles are the potassium persulfate decomposing and releasing oxygen
Hey just a question, so where i live i cant buy any persulfate salts and im wondering if i can make it electrolytically. Ive read that i can make it by electrolyzing bisulfate with a platinum anode. Will the anode corrode and is it possible?
I believe it is possible and platinum will not corrode as the anode.
thanks for ur videos. I need some info pls bro about for perchlorate cell do we need to purify the NaCl before starting to get good product. And is adding few drops of sulfuric acid to the brine will make it goes faster thanks 🙏
Love the video and wish I knew you in real life as you seem. like you'd be an awesome dude to ask questions when they have them! However, Either your oxidizer was not fully dry out or. maybe not ground well enough. Or lastly, the proportions or ratio may have been incorrect because that is definitely not the most powerful thing. I've seen from two grams of flash powder. I have some magnalium 325 mesh that I've mixed with potassium. chlorate, and it is Gosh dang. concussive When you light up two grams, even unconfined! I'm not disputing your claim of it being the strongest flash, I'm sure that you're accurate, but just, I think that if. whatever is causing it not to detonate Get resolved you're going to have a much better explosion!
Hey thanks for the kind words! And, your experience. I'm trying to find a way to put this whole "strongest flash powder" thing I've started to rest. I'm still working on it.
What else works well instead of Mg?
8:00 if you don't know what the gas is, just hold a match to it. You'll find out in about a millisecond whether it's hydrogen gas or not...
Make a chemical laser next
Haha ok. Wish I had the resources though.
What is it meant by "strongest"? is it energy content or RE factor?
Intensity of light per unit time
I got confused u made potassium per sulfate and then used it to make flash powder, am I right?
Yes, that's correct
The number of subscribers does not match the quality of ur videos at all 🤷🏻♂️
It's an outright travesty.
I really appreciate that sentiment. In time...
Potassium persulfate flash powder seems to be pretty underwhelming compared to the usual potassium perchlorate 🤷🏼♂️
This was just a very small amount. In equal weights the potassium persulfate is blinding and explosive (above 2-3 gms).
@@cranialconstruction2218 I’ve tried persulfate flash powders before, and I never found them to be as good at perchlorates
@@cranialconstruction2218 I’ve mixed potassium persulfate with magnesium and aluminum in various quantities. No doubt I find potassium perchlorate to have a more violent reaction and sometimes a detonation, when touched by a flame.
K2S2O8 are not very strong and unstable, unprofessional for FP. It is a much worse oxidizer for flash than potassium nitrate. A Ba(NO3)2 Mg S 5/4/1 are a much more better pro and safer choice, louder than any persulphate. The two most strongest can make from KClO3 or KClO4 with extreme fine, finer than 20 micron homemade Mg presence of maximum 10% sulfur for small products. But with KClO3 this will highly sensitive for inpact, friction. But still a much better choice than using Na or K persulfate. If you want a real strong, safe professional FP try KClO4 Al S 5/4/1 with Dark 2-7 micron Al.
I appreciate your input. The amount I used in video wasn't even quite a gram that included both the pot. persulfate and the Al. I have used 5 grams total (2.5 + 2.5) before and it exploded violently. I didn't include a video of that sort of mix as i didn't feel it was appropriate for a UA-cam video. Your suggestions are great, but you really need to try pot. persulfate to understand it's strength. Also, KClO3 is far more unstable than any persulfate. You can find that info almost anywhere.
@@cranialconstruction2218 On APC Forum Blogs selection the are a detailed research about this them. Under 15 year research i tried all possible oxidizer for flash which can listed on YT, and users are using for firecrackers. The most powerful safe stable flash powder was KClO4/Al/S 50/40/10%. Which is close to its strength and can even be used for professional purposes are KClO3/Al 70/30. KClO3/Metal/S 5/4/1 The metal are Mg (always coated with linseed oil), Mg/Al (coated) 50: 50, Al gives absolute the same sound effect than KClO4/Al/S 50/40/10 in firecrackers, but here with high sensitivity and stability issues. There is lot of professional documentation on such KClO3 flash compositions. Which can come close in terms of performance are Ba(ClO3)2 but this more sensitive than KClO3 and that's why it's useless, its decomposition temperature is too low to easy way heat it on gas stove (to get moisture free powder). Ba(ClO3)2, Persulphates, KMnO4, there is no official research material on them either because they are completely incompatible for the purpose. Everything else is far behind the power of KClO4. But comparing persulfates with Mg, Sr(NO3)2, Ba(NO3)2, and much more under a precise good strong confinement much more stronger better than any persulfate. Check Shimizu F.A.S.T book Magnesium, Aluminum, Magnalium tables. KClO3 with linseed oil coated Mg, Mg/Al have a good storage stability, but much more sensitive for friction, impact than the most of FP. Persulfates in flash get some moisture, heat in summer it is absolute not stable, it can ignite spontaneously at any time during storage. And it's an unnecessary risk because a much stronger and completely stable flash can be made with many other oxidizer like Sr(NO3)2, Ba(NO3)2, or even weaker NaNO3 too with -400mesh coated Mg. You can't tell how strong a flash is from how fast it is. 0.1g a knife tip portion in a firecracker can demonstrate the real difference in power.
They are much more powerful flash powders than that,
Wouldn't sodium persulfate be an even better oxidizer?
It has one less oxygen. It's been tested and apparently it's just not as potent.
@@cranialconstruction2218 It has an identical number of oxygen atoms and due to the sodium being a little smaller than potassium and it having a higher density it also has a greater amount of available oxygen by weight and volume.
Only problem is that the sodium cations tend to be less reactive than potassium in many cases.
Isnt sodium more hygroscopic then potassium also? so i think potassium should be safer@@harrypeterson9287
Define powerful lol
Its the brightest maybe, not the most powerful ive seen.
Nice science, i love science but I'll NEVER do this to make flash. Too much science, too many steps, many more chances for mishaps. Must be slow flash cuz it should've banged instead of just a poof. But again thats probably cuz its slower flash which means it has to be contained very well for top performance. Thick wall tube, no small salutes, has to be sealed with more than just an empty paper plug to prevent blowout and get a complete burn.
What do you personally recommend as a faster and safer option?
@@u.s.a1749 bruh you already know the answer to this if youre watching this vie...
Hey, I love pyrotechnic stuff like flash powder, but if you don’t have the proper licenses for making this stuff it is a federal offense. I wouldn’t do this. Stay safe and have fun.
It's only illegal if you get caught...
Sort of. Federal law is concentrated on the commercial usages, sale, storage, transportation, and quantities. There are exemptions for personal usages on the federal side. You still have to consider state and local laws too. Skykighter has an article discussing it with plenty of references. Ned Gorski might still have some videos involving it on youtube but he removed a lot of stuff a few years ago when youtube started cracking down on this information. Anyways, Gorski actually showed how easy it was to get a an ATF explosives license covering pyrotechnics and goes through the process. He has his own website and subscription thing. I'm not sure if it's still freely available now. You can find other sources of the same information though. I know the common reaction post 9/11 is how can this be possible, we are made to believe that even thinking about it is enough to get raided. But it's more nuanced than that.