Traitor or Hero? The Black Musician Who Spied on His Own Community
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- Опубліковано 16 сер 2023
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The details of Walter Loving’s complicated double life remained classified for over 60 years. Born to formerly enslaved parents, he became a famous band conductor and an advocate for Black Americans. When the U.S. military grew paranoid that Black Americans were colluding with German spies, they recruited Loving to infiltrate his own community and de-radicalize leaders. So whose side was he on?
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Rogue History
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Chapters
00:00 - Intro
00:01 - Foreign Spies Were Everywhere
00:37 - Walter Howard Loving’s Double Life
02:00 - Mass Racial Violence in 1917
02:35 - Lovings Fame Gave Him Access
03:42 - The First Red Scare
04:20 - Loving's Conflicting Loyalties
06:08 - His Shocking Final Report
07:53 - Acknowledging the Gray Areas of History
The practice of labeling citizens who speak out against the nation's injustices and inequalities as unpatriotic still occurs today
HELLO ! 📢
It's the American way.
Do you think that the US should implement "hate speech" laws?
@user-iy7lk7ig4h yes we need to get rid of the myth that "hate speech is free speech," while also making sure that speaking out against anti-black racism is not mislabeled as "hate speech."
@@user-iy7lk7ig4h
No
He was trying to thread the needle between the racist government and his fellow activists. Call him a "complex" figure or no, he was directly working against his brothers.
What's your opinion on what working for his brothers would've looked like?
@@freelancejoel Joining the revolution, basically.
@@samwill7259 that's fair. But remember, he's an older man at this point. Between the Philippines and civilian insurrections, he's witnessed more deadly racial violence in a decade than we will (hopefully) in a lifetime. For some people that makes them more revolutionary. For others it scares them and they opt for harm reduction. Do you think there's balance between the two?
@@freelancejoel Racial violence was never going to STOP by rolling over and attempting to play fair within the system's rules. If the system had its way the lynchings would never have stopped and it wasn't people playing the game behind closed doors that made this country a better place to live in for black folks
@@samwill7259how do you know, have you worked behind the doors like this man did, can you see both sides of the coin at the same time. Why is it people have to resort to violence, why must someone have to die before people stop and really look at what is going on around them.
Why must it be Black American versus White American why not drop the colour from in front of the word American stop rehashing the past and dragging into the future that does not help anyone at all. Just be American as a whole
Why us it so many can live in harmony together, but just a hand full from both sides can not. It is not the majority that us cause the unrest it is the minority who shout the loudest and causes the most harm they are the ones who want something for nothing.
The sad part about this story is this is only one out of many that we know about. Imagine the ones they have around us today that we don’t know about.
You already know another traitor to black people. The dnc. You went from a group of people who idolize web Dubois to some woman talking about her wap. This is your culture. Obama did more to harm black people than slavery
It’s many. Some are in our face as “entertainers” and actors. These ratchet rappers and raunchy women. They sell us out in more ways than we know
Do they really need to do this now? They're already spying on all of us through our devices.
He was a turncoat. He saw front and center what the travesty of lynching had done to our people, and his own parents were formerly enslaved. I think it speaks volumes that he ran back to the comfort the Phillipines provided after selling out his own.
He also saw that black people who tried to be radically different in his era could trigger mass racial violence against their communities. I think I may have understated that fact in my presentation and I want to be accountable for that.
But white supremacy in his era was so much more openly murderous than it is today. That factored into his decision-making and his perspective on more radical black community members.
@@freelancejoel They were only able to be so openly murderous BECAUSE so many older black generations were conservative and unwilling to openly fight against the status quo. If the entire black population had decided they were mad as hell and weren't going to take it anymore, the lynchings would have stopped REAL quick
No he went were he was want and needed more, he could not live and watch his own people racing to the lynchings violence begets violence many people today have learned to live together in harmony but there are still those who believe they are owed, owed what I have no idea because they were not living in those times you can not keep dragging out the past and shove it under people noses in a time period that no longer has black slavery, todays slavery is in the form of sex slavery of women and children who have been kidnapped to live as sex slaves, the past is past how about go out and try and save the women and children who go missing every year who are black,white and Asian, who have no hope of escaping unless people are willing to fight the new modern version of slavery. Stop harping on about something that was over hundreds of years ago.
@@freelancejoelbut he still worked for the white supremacists and did their bidding, knowing how the us government treats its minorities.
@@freelancejoelA traitor is a traitor. Only our people try and see nuance. Jews would never play semantics with a sell out like this.
This was about the perceived enemy, this was about keeping Black people “in line”. This was about turning a group or oppressed people, who only sought to be treated equally into that enemy.
🤣🤣🤣🤣😅🤣 hero yeah right. He was looking out for himself. Those racists used him and he let them.
Hi, I just wanted to point out that I specifically *didn't* call him a hero. I think he's in a gray area. At the time it was really clear that any radical departures from the status quo could trigger mass racial violence against black communities. So while the A. Philip Randolphs and Chandler Owens of the world may have been *morally* right, it's totally understandable for someone who witnessed what Loving witnessed to opt for the harm reduction option. Not wrong or right. Just understandable.
@@freelancejoel I know you didn't. And unfortunately, anything against the status quo in regards to the black community produces racist violent attacks towards black people or their properties today still. I personally just don't agree with what he did. I'm aware in your assessment you didn't call him a hero. I was personally saying he wasn't. Sure he may have done some damage control in some ways but others I feel like he still damaged and hurt the black communities trying to get equality. I do also feel as if he was protecting himself too which isn't bad per se but but still. He was a part of the system he apparently hated and would've in my opinion probably done more good if he used the system to help the black community.. idk how that would've been since I obviously wasn't born during that period something could've been done to help save more innocent black lives.
@@Raja-bz4yw I gotcha. Thank you for explaining your perspective.
I really appreciate the manner in which you both addressed your issues! Y’all were Civil, courteous and respectful of one another! Please live long and prosper 🖖!
Hypothetically, to your question: maybe he was in an impossible situation, once he had been asked. I don't really see how his work achieved anything positive for Black people in the USA or the UK. His report made its way up the chain of command... but for what? White supremacy knew what it had to do for peace, and it refused to do it. The chain of command didn't care about improving Black people's lives, and was only looking for ways to lie effectively and maintain its dominance: to give away the very least it possibly could.
This guy was both a traitor & a coward who made black people docile and asleep to their own oppression which allowed it to carry on for a few more decades. Sickening.
Man was a expert rat
He’s just one man. He didn’t have that much power. There were many others who spied and were informants on behalf of the U.S. Government.
Besides that, black people were never going to be given rights anyways until the U.S. Government and the elite power structure allowed it.
White liberals and White conservatives were both racist and played the _”good cop/bad cop”_ game to basically keep black folks in a perpetually entrapped traumatized state of existence.
Which maintain the racial caste system.
Just like Jay Z is today
I see both sides of it yes he clearly was a traitor to his people and went to live in the Philippines after. He also probably saved the lives of alot of blacks. A full on white on black civil war wouldnt have gone well for blacks it still wouldnt today. As it would be easy to fully encircle certain areas of towns and wait for them to starve or come out and get shot. He would have watched his own people be truly slaughtered not the 20 or 30 during riots. But would have been many thousands at a time. There was no good ending either way until societies attitudes changed on justice.
It makes you wonder how many today are doing the same thing he did. It seems like things are coming full circle. People are starting to call for segregated areas again.
@@Codi892 maaan whaaaat? shut that goofy ass shit up...smh
He wasn’t complex. He was self serving, and smart enough to know a comfortable roof over his head.
Sounds like U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas.
He started out as a black revolutionary and then when that kept him poor and jobless he immediately flipped to the other side and became a hardcore conservative.
@@willia3rexplains a lot with basic needs. Which yeah, people get jaded past when wage bills/reparations are overdue.
@@MrVariant it’s sad though, but I guess 🇺🇸Amerikkka is inherently set up for economic cannibalism.
There's a fine line between "accepting the gray area" and being an opportunist.
PBS is just top quality content, thanks guys keep it up
Beware….PBS is Republican Owned so doubt check your facts before decision making! 💙⚖️🇺🇸
Propaganda Broadcasting System.
Fake news
More of us agree with you than the fools tryna hate on you
Advising black people on what not to do so that they don't get in trouble while keeping them from taking steps to progress as a people is not heroic at all. Wouldn't call him a straight up traitor, but he was out for self.
I respect that opinion. I do think the last part is more nuanced though. Even today, when the stakes aren't as deadly, we have a hard time coming to an agreement on the "right" thing to do. If he was truly of the belief that appeasement was the safest thing for the community, then he was truly doing what he did for the community, even if it wasn't ideal in hindsight.
Yours is the best comment.
While his selfishness may be understandable given the times he lived in, it was undeniably the cowardly path to take.
The concept of separate "races" of humanity is one of, if not the most, corrosive ideas that has ever been established in the history of our species. For a number of reasons.
Thank white people.
Wow! What an amazing story. I had never heard of Loving and his life was extraordinary. What is interesting, of course, is that the US government seems to have largely ignored Loving's advice, which is why the Communist Party- USA and American Communist Party ended up being the main civil rights advocates for African-Americans in the 1930s, fighting the fights that Roosevelt was unwilling to take on. There were even those Alabama sharecroppers who migrated to the Soviet Union to help create the cotton industry in Uzbekistan. That probably would not have happened ,if the US government had just just provided the Fair Deal the FIRST Roosevelt promised and included them in the New Deal his cousin FDR implemented.
Please keep up the great work and amazing content.
Roosevelt's whole goal was to pervert these movements. Huey Long conveniently died just in time for him to run for office. Instead of taxing corporations as Long intended, he taxed the middle class instead.
wouldve happened regardless and im glad it did
African Americans didn't exist in the 1930s. We were called Colored after we agree to change to that title from the term Indian. Calling yourself African is an act of war against the American Indian. We are the Indians they said died off. We are the landowners they're trying to kill.
In Ireland we say Britain's misfortune is Ireland's opportunity, but they were also Irish who simped for the British Empire during the Great War and believed that further servitude to Imperial obligations would prove that the Irish were good and worthy of the rights afforded other men. I see the same conflict of identity and greater goals in the case of Walter Loving. And I and many would consider these actions to be class and race treason, but many would see it as precisely furthering the cause of self determination.
Interesting comparison but research the horror of the Draft Riots of 1863 in New York City when The Irish lost their minds and lynched Blacks, killled as many Black boys as they could and then review your perspective.
Mr. Loving , was doing his best to protect as he learned . Not a hero but very aware and a talented musician! This is Our Country!
@@darrylblack6331no dude committed treason, just as the OP said. And what did he protect besides himself? Where in this video did it say he gave Intel to the black community. Dude was a coward
Informers are usually the best liked and most trusted. Never fails.
Outstanding! Thank you for presenting this unknown bit of history. In school we are taught how America is always the good guy. Freedom, justice opportunity are words that are often thrown about. When it comes to African Americans our story is complicated because those things were denied to us equally. Black history is being openly erased in Florida and Tennessee. We are a very divided nation we cant come together unless every community is valued not just white folks.
Every community is valued except Black folks.
White folks really shouldn’t be shouldn’t have the rights they do racism and guns are currently rights they have speech and arms should be for pocs only
Loyalty must be earned, it can't be demanded.
It also can be 🔥 burned. And. Remanded..what u have the leverage. The power to negotiate understandin...Rezpect
Wrong, some loyalty comes with birth and higher moral obligation. To what degree depends on the relationship back though.
@@robertortiz-wilson1588 I strongly disagree. You can make any assertion you want, but if you want me to agree with you, then must provide *convincing* evidence of that assertion.
@@ambulocetusnatans you made a claim first. Give your evidence.
@@robertortiz-wilson1588 You are trying to convince me, I don't give a shit whether I convince you. This is the important distinction.
This is why we say, not all skin folk and kin folk
Clarence Thomas would be proud of him, a sell out.
What he did happen to other Black organizations like the
Black Panthers.
The government, police and J Edgar Hoover would get blacks who were sell outs, traitors to spy and portrayed their own people and community
Yeah like the ones who use people and put there hands on a woman.
I could never know the pressure that he faced but I damn sure know that I wouldn't have walked that line. He actively worked to mute Black revolution in this country and then ran away to the Philippines. He didn't improve things by much (ask all those WW2 vets and Vietnam Vets). Fascinating story but disappointing and frankly sickening. Licking the boot while wearing the same pair of boots.
He protected the status quo, that's for sure. And sometimes freedom and justice isn't handed on silver plate, there has to be a struggle. I think the story of ths 'steel chair' in these last few weeks taught us that.
Excellent video! I'm loving this rogue history series, very cool idea! I think Loving was indeed, complicated, but also brilliant. He walked a very fine line, and ultimately tipped the scale away from U.S military force being used on Black Americans. He walked the "grey area" btwn patriot and community member/public figure. He still aided writers and news publishers, while ensuring Black communities were not seen as a threat to U.S security. A shame his story ended tragically, in war. I am honored to have learned his story. Thanks Joel, W.Cole, and the whole team!
Oh HELL no. Eff this guy. "Complex" and "gray area" are just excuses. He can't have those when he knew what he was doing.
Ya...we be squeakin...
Sucka sneakin..
What he did was disgraceful no matter how you frame it.
Unfortunately necessary at a time where the government would ease black cities to the ground for just doing well. It’s an all too common theme for the American government to lock minorities up into camps and genocide them if they found even the slightest hint of treasonous talk.
💯💯💯💯💯
Yoooo omg I know him! Joel went to Fayetteville State University and from my few interactions with him, he was so intriguingly bright! I'm so proud to see him doing great things. Keep up the amazing work!
Nah, he's a sell-out.
And he managed to turn other men into sell-outs.
He worked inside the system & for the system. He didn't seem to be an asset for Black people at all.
We are beginning to experience this today and it is getting worse.
Been waiting for Cook to come back with more pirate stories, but spy stories are awesome too! I just hope the wait isn't as long between episodes, keep up the great work!
A glorified traitor is STILL a traitor
I truly have mixed feelings about this man 🫤🫤🫤🫤
Me too. 🙃
No mixed feelings. He was a sellout to class solidarity
He was probably Boule. There is a book called Our Kind of People by Lawrence Otis Graham that highlights a segment of our community that sold us out for “white” acceptance.
@@analyticalmindset I was thinking the same thing man he's a total Boot lickr and a traitor
@@analyticalmindset exactly
That was a absolutely outstanding presentation and very well researched! 10/10 on this one!
forget Oppenheimer, I want a movie about this guy!
Damn that movie was long 😂
Honestly how do we know if spies are in our community! Wouldnt be surprised if its still going on💯
Oh yeah it is
It is still going on.
His loyalty did nothing to stop the suffering of African Americans during this period. The lynchings, Tulsa Massacre, Ocoee Massacre and the many others still took place. The problem lies with the USA. African Americans have been the most loyal. They fought in wars and still had to come back to discrimination. The fight against their type of treatment continues to this day.
Fascinating piece. Sooo many pieces of history overlooked thanks!
Interesting video. Thanks for sharing this story! Looking forward to the next one…
Great content and no he is written in my book as a traitor but we must remember his story.
Thank you. Love Rogue History.
This is a great series!
Sounds like a serving and complacent tool for the powers that be, to the point where his demise was a simple
Footnote that was classified for decades.
He went how he lived under the control of the state
Great work, thanks
Another great video!
One of the most interesting of these that ive heard so far 👌🏾
Excellent work and video. Thanks for sharing. 👊🏾
Is he one of Clarence Thomas' uncles?
Thank you for your work.
Thank you for this! I love this kind of information.
Why??
Great segment.
Great analysis. Thanks
Excellent telling
Great video. Loving was a terrible human being. He was a traitor and his actions alone set us back decades.
thank you for the video
Absolutely foul..
Nah don’t say “he was just trying to protect backs” he wasn’t trying to protect anyone but his damn self. The fact that the armp was even suspicious of black people should’ve told him everything he needed to know about what they thought of blacks and he should’ve known there was nothing he could do to benefit blacks while working w them but he did it anyway bc he was a spineless sob..
If he was really in it to protect just himself, wouldn't it have been better to just keep being a band leader and stay out of it? From my readings about him, I genuinely do think that his perspective was that of an appeaser. In his lifetime, there had already been dozens of massacres of black people for trying to do regular things like vote or work.
I really think he saw leftist black people as a threat to harm reduction in a time period where black communities were already facing some of the worst terrorism they've ever experienced. I don't agree with him on that. But I think that's where his head was at.
@@freelancejoelHe understood that advancing his career prospects was contingent upon his ability to pander and service white imperialist factions.
He was a sellout. No amount of deflection from that fact can change the implications of his actions in this reality
@chalgoode6449 I don't think you understand how spies operated back then. This was not Cointelpro. This waaintelligence gathering for the sake of looking for subversion in "vulnerable communities" and report on it. I'm pretty sure that there were similar spies to be found on the white side. The fact that he reported on how he wanted to protect black radicals (who already risk backlash from very violent and extremely racist white radicals) from some of these same forces in the government, tells me he was no William O"Neal. Nuance is needed in this case.
@@radicalrattlerCorrection. Loving's "work" would help lay the very foundations for Cointelpro.
That also includes the "contributions" made by Loving's Black peers in the same line of work (as surely, he wasn't the only Black agent of the MID at the time).
Funny how I never even mentioned or alluded to cointelpro, yet you ironically are able to read the implications of Loving's actions for what they are.
Personally speaking, I believe that African Americans will only find salvation from this collective hell by LEAVING AMERICA entirely.
This country will NEVER be beneficial to Black people. Never has been. Its time to move on from America.
Those who choose to stay can figure out their own mess. I've almost completely checked out at this point.
@chalgoode6449 Bruh. William O'Neal is probably the only black spy most black folks know. Cointelpro is what most people think of when they think of blacks being spied on by the Feds.
Also, you can't assume what the man thought of US intel agencies back then because you know better today. These intelligence agencies were somewhat new. Also, I hate when folks retroactively judge people of the past because they have the privilege of hindsight. You act as though this man should have predicted what the outcome would be. You have an idea of what happens because of your past (such as Cointelpro). What did he have to go off of exactly? What example did he have on his past? These were different times... except that.
I like both your pirate and your spy style!!
Great video I really enjoyed it Very informative
You make a good point, sir. But, like, come on, did he change much? Did his superiors respect his criticism? He was, after all, a black, and an informant
Serving two masters = a traitor and a hero.
I’m a third generation combat veteran. You’d be surprised that telling black Americans that Nationalism serves us no purpose is viewed as radical in 2023. Every benefit, & any modicum of justice served for black people in America has been the result of progressive policies. Each of those policies during their time was viewed as radical. So no what you said regarding our patriotism wasn’t surprising.
Great story! Very interesting man.
Fine content indeed!
Fantastic content
When you read up on the history of this time period it's hard to even comprehend the level of violence being perpetrated against black people. It's the kind of grotesque and abhorrent stories you'd expect to hear coming out of a Nazi Death Camp or a medieval torture chamber, and that's not an exaggeration at all. I can't imagine being a black person surviving through this time period and the kind of trauma they had to experience. I can easily see the perspective of many who had seen too much violence and wanted to avoid it at all costs. It's one thing to want change and its another to ask someone to lay down their lives, and possibly the lives of their family and loved ones, for that change to happen. Les miserables may have glorified armed revolution for some of you, but in most cases, its mostly innocent people who end up dying caught in the crossfire and the results are almost never what people expect them to be. So the expectation of some people that everyone should have just revolted against the government is incredibly selfish and narcissistic.
While I dont agree with his role in spying and colluding against black social advocates, he was a product of his time and his environment. Anti-communist propaganda was rampant across the world at this time, Imperialism was common and relatively accepted by imperialist countries, and he was in the military. It's easy to see how anyone in that time period could have held the same views on patriotism and what was considered to be "anti-american" speech. It's very easy to get caught up in the rhetoric of the time period which you live in. Not everyone has to be morally perfect for us to acknowledge or appreciate their positive contributions to society.
He was sold a rotted bale of goods, that perpetuated the oppression of his people for another 100 years.
We all need to be reminded of that time in history. It feels like it's about to be repeated soon! Are there spies in our community now to placate us like Loving? Did he think, "If you can't beat 'em, join 'em?" I'd definitely go see this movie if it was made!
The mental gymnastics here is crazy 😅
@@brandonburns5365INSANE
Eye opening video! Wow! I had no idea.
Mary Talusan Lacanlale's work on the Philippine Constabulary Band is worth reading as well.
Living in the grey area. Who would choose such a role when they are often dismissed as feckless opportunists or traitors. Such people can be crucial to achieving resolution in polarised societies but history is not kind to them and they often end up disgraced or worse dead.
The socialism he fought would have kept his community safe from the violence of the people he served. He might have viewed his role as complicated, but at the end of the day he made the world a better place for the oppressor and a worse place for the oppressed. That's not complicated - that's just plain old evil.
Not likely. The socialism he was looking for was Soviet style communism. It didn't do a lot for the Russians or any of the people they dominated.
I def believe we gotta give folks a level of understanding. Did he work against his community? Yes! But was he working the long game to get us to just SURVIVE the hell of Red Summer? Also yes. Mans was working with what he had to try and do something good in his eyes. I dont agree with everything either, but I definitely can at least understand him
He fought ww2.
@@UtahSustainGardening Lenin’s Soviet Union was a far cry from Stalin’s Soviet Union for one thing but go off
He was working with the tools he has at the time. A true statement but the tools he has was razors and poison cutting the necks of black babies and feeding poison to our leaders.
Fascinating! How did aquire this information .
He said released government files; I'm sure
Great video. He half served his community and betrayed them at the same time
He played music in the military. He didn’t serve shit for anyone😒…
Thank you
Scripture says that a man can NOT serve two masters. He will one and hate the other. So which one did Loving hate and vice versa?
The one who was feeding him, giving the office, and flying him between countries
Letting you know in the comments below. Great ep!
Very Interesting!!
There's threading the needle, and then there's what Loving did. Whatever his personal beliefs, his actions directly blunted the cause for Civil Rights.
I don't agree with the mission of the government nor the mission the government gave him. However...he seemed like a smart spy!
But .... he seems to have cleared up that little fantasy that Blacks were commie spies, and sent back answer to the government," No they/we _are not_"
Why? His mission was to prevent a bloody insurrection and interference from foreign spies.
No he did not. His people trusted that they could trust their people since they were all being oppressed. This man decided to help keep them in their place and for the most part alive rather than fight for their rights as people.
He's more like an opportunist and coward !
Some members of the Black community might refer to this gentleman as a particular kind of animal, a small mammal. You know which one. This is not a complement.
New sub! Looking forward to watching these other videos of yours!
Outstanding 🎉.. more stories like this please … he definitely deserves a metal .. for embarrassing the gray area !!!! Well said !!
This man became the prototype that the U.S gov used on MLK and Malcolm X
W.E.B. Dubois ratted out Marcus Garvey.
And got Garvey prosecuted by the early version of the FBI/U.S. Department of Justice and deported.
MLK and Malcolm X WERE both government agents.
More like this please
Nothing grey about it. Fascinating character and story, but to pretend there was some heroism at work here is simply delusional. What did his report achieve besides demonstrate that he had a conscience to betray?
Interesting story!!!! A lot more stories that was never reported or heard of from their view in time😢😢😢😢😢
Liked and Subscribed.
Fascinating!
Good Research Sir. ❤
This is fascinating, and really makes you have to twist your head around to grasp his point of view, but it does make sense? It's just... so rarely discussed.
Wow...no words. I'm sure this is still gping on today
Thanks
Thank you for this great history lesson… #Lovemouvement
Centrism only helps those that are already in power
Fascinating.
I love learning about complex individuals, but at the end of the day, socialists like A. Philip Randolph were key figures in the civil rights movement and not Soviet-style Communists. Loving lacked foresight, at the very least, about the cost of his actions for his community.
First I ever heard of him and man was he between a rock and a hard place. It could not have been easy for him
thank you - this is information i never knew - even in Nam - it was often hard to find equality for blacks, hispanics and jews - my small group learned that we were all there was and kept us safe (we were not front line troops and did work others ran from)
Thank you for sharing your perspective!
Stop that nonsense the vast majority of people can’t tell a so called white jew from a white person that not a jew.
These type of black males work right beside YOU now, let alone on this individuals level
I think that is a man who walked a damn fine line, and probably struggled every single day with himself about it. And I think he pulled it off, taking care of BOTH sides of his responsibility, doing his level best for his own, as well as his best for his country. And him speaking strongly to his own bosses was possibly one of the riskiest and best things he did.
But I'm sad that the government felt the need to treat black Americans like that in the first damn place. I look forward to a day when EVERYONE is truly given equal treatment in society as well as under the law.
How did he help black people?
"Both sides" 😂
@@cedricroney1475 Would you rather I phrased it "TRIED TO" ?
Or are you just wanting to pick a fight?
Whether the folks he was TRYING TO help agree or not, I still think he TRIED. I feel like the presenter was doing his best to be fair to the man. So was I.
The American government was afraid of a Black uprising for all of atrocities of slavery that weren't that long ago, at that time.
@@Beryllahawk how tf do you "try" to help your own ppl? That is just some cowardly way to make it seem like it was some impossible task.
Traitor or hero? Patriot and opportunist.
Sooooo, he could almost be classified as "The Spook Who Sat by The Door.🤔"
Interesting story that's new to my ears and eyes
Not even close😅
We could never understand why they did what they did, what they fully did, and how it truly affected lives then and today.
Damn, talk about being stuck between a rock and a hard place.
Stuck between a rock and a hard place?
He WILLINGLY chose to make A CONSCIOUS DECISION to serve "MASSA".
AT HIS OWN DETRIMENT!!!!
I like to know of the men who spied on Marcus Garvey for the FBl?