How to Download Accounting, ESG and Company Data with Refinitiv Eikon Datastream Request Table

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  • Опубліковано 5 лис 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 91

  • @fredynandyjohn1686
    @fredynandyjohn1686 24 дні тому +2

    This is BRILLIANT presentation. Thank you very much sir. Bravo!!!

  • @TONGYOUXIAUPM
    @TONGYOUXIAUPM 10 місяців тому +3

    Thanks a lot, Professor! This video helps me with my Ph.D. thesis, as my supervisor asked me to study at least 3countries about the ESG.I learned from your video and it's constructive for me.👍

    • @searatali
      @searatali  10 місяців тому

      Dear Tong, thank you so much for your positive feedback. This is very much appreciated. I am glad to know the tutorial is helpful for your PhD thesis. All the best with your research project.

  • @LiseDonninger
    @LiseDonninger 6 місяців тому +3

    At my university, we only get access to the LSEG Workspace for 4 days, which is very short to collect all the data. This video helped me a lot to be able to collect all the data in time. Thank you!

    • @searatali
      @searatali  5 місяців тому

      Thanks for the positive feedback, Lise. I am pleased to know this tutorial helped you in swiftly downloading the required data for your research. Good luck with your project!

    • @zinebameraouy2567
      @zinebameraouy2567 4 місяці тому +1

      Hello lise, i am struggling a little with my thesis, do you think you can help please?

    • @searatali
      @searatali  4 місяці тому

      @zinebameraouy2567 , thanks for your comment and email. I hope the issue has been resolved now. Please let me know if any further assistance is required.

  • @KoalaPet-qf8du
    @KoalaPet-qf8du 11 місяців тому +2

    Helpful tutorial. I never knew before how to extract data from Refinitiv. Thank u for providing a guide.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  11 місяців тому +2

      I am gald to know the tutoiral the tutorial was helpful for you.

  • @RedRose-i7f
    @RedRose-i7f 11 місяців тому +3

    Excellent tutorial and valuable contribution for online learning. Could not find such a valuable video anywhere else.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  11 місяців тому

      I am glad to know you found this tutorial valuable.

  • @umrarashidofficial
    @umrarashidofficial 10 місяців тому +4

    Greetings Professor, thank you for helping an early academics like me and contributing to the whole research fraternity.
    This is a great help.
    Professor, one request I wanted to make that
    I want data of ESG disclosure score and ESG performance score and other governance Matrix for all the firms around the world, I need these data and I also want to learn how to extract it and make it panel data
    I would be very grateful to you for this much help
    Looking forward to hearing from you soon
    With Regards
    Umra Rashid
    Research Scholar
    Aligarh Muslim University, India

    • @TONGYOUXIAUPM
      @TONGYOUXIAUPM 10 місяців тому +1

      Hi, does the ESG disclosure score need to be found in Bloomberg?

    • @searatali
      @searatali  10 місяців тому +1

      Dear Umra, thank you so much for the positive feedback. This is very much appreciated. Before I answer your question, may I ask if you have access to Refinitiv workspace?

    • @searatali
      @searatali  10 місяців тому

      ​@@TONGYOUXIAUPMYes, Bloomberg terminal is a great source to obtain ESG disclosure. Refinitiv has ESG combined score which has two components: one is ESG score (self disclosure of company) second is the controversy score (negative media coverage of company).

    • @umrarashidofficial
      @umrarashidofficial 10 місяців тому +1

      Yes Professor I have an access to Refinitv workspace,
      I am exploring learning a lot from your videos...can't thank enough..
      Sir I need these ESG disclosure and ESG performance data separately for all the global firms from 2005 to 2023

    • @searatali
      @searatali  10 місяців тому

      Thanks Umra for your positive feedback. Did you look at the following tutorial? Use "FR Global" instead of "S&P 500" in the list. The limit is 5000 firms per screen. You can add filters, and download data in batches. ua-cam.com/video/UtHDSVFMWbc/v-deo.htmlsi=HyY10OFpcd0j2qGh
      Give it a go, and let me know if you have any further questions.

  • @RedRose-i7f
    @RedRose-i7f Рік тому +2

    A very well ellaborated tutorial. Thanks for the guide. Waiting for the next step to finalise the data for analysis.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Thank you for the positive feedback. I have received several requests for the next steps to reshape the data. In few days, I will create the contents and make them available. So stay tuned.

  • @yingzhao-v9h
    @yingzhao-v9h 11 місяців тому +3

    Thank you so much, Professor! This video helps me a lot. You made a very clear introduction. All the best for you ❤

    • @searatali
      @searatali  11 місяців тому

      Thank you so much, dear Ying Zhao, for your positive feedback. You might be interested in the new video to learn about the data reshape, ua-cam.com/video/keuP-HukZ0M/v-deo.html.

  • @hafizmuhammadsarood4495
    @hafizmuhammadsarood4495 Рік тому +3

    Very helpful tutorial

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Thank you, Hafiz Muhammad Sarood, for your positive feedback.

  • @kamaliahazis
    @kamaliahazis 10 місяців тому +2

    thank you so much prof! this would benefit me more 3 years ago haha but still very valuable lesson! i learn a lot

    • @searatali
      @searatali  10 місяців тому

      Thank you so much for the positive feedback. I hope it will provide timely guidance to novice researchers and help them achieve their research output efficiently

  • @naimatkadha817
    @naimatkadha817 Рік тому +4

    Thanks for the video. I was struggling with downloading the data from Refinitiv, which fit well for panel.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Thanks, Naimat, for your comment. I am pleased to know that the data download demonstration was helpful for you. All the best for your research.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Dear @naimatkadha817, I hope you are doing well. This new video might also be helpful for your data download. ua-cam.com/video/UtHDSVFMWbc/v-deo.htmlsi=A7cuSpWoZzjcRlHy

  • @Kier-u6m
    @Kier-u6m 4 місяці тому +2

    Very helpful vedio, you save my dissertation!

    • @searatali
      @searatali  4 місяці тому

      Thanks for your positive feedback. I am glad to know it helped in your thesis. Good luck!

  • @richardsijebor2059
    @richardsijebor2059 4 місяці тому +2

    Thank you for this video its very helpful. However, i followed your steps and i was able to download S&P 500 data. But i tried to do so for my actual data (FTSE All Share Index). It only downloaded a one-line data. Please are different or additional step to retrieve ESG, Board diversity and Financial Performance data on FTSE?

    • @searatali
      @searatali  4 місяці тому

      Thanks Richard for your question. I would suggest to use the screener app to extract data for FTSE firms. See this latest tutorial: ua-cam.com/video/yp73cr3jo_k/v-deo.html

  • @rachfanf8189
    @rachfanf8189 Рік тому +1

    Thanks for valuable tutorial. Please make a video on using screener app for data download.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Appreciate your suggestion @rachfanf8189. Screener application to download data is an excellent tool. Stay tuned for the video.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Dear @rachfan8189, I hope you are doing well. Please see the video which I have created based on your request. ua-cam.com/video/UtHDSVFMWbc/v-deo.htmlsi=A7cuSpWoZzjcRlHy

  • @jasminthy
    @jasminthy 11 місяців тому +1

    Thank you so much Professor! The presentation is well explained and helpful. Can I ask how to display the industry as the name but not the code? I'm trying to download the industry name for each company for my master's thesis but still struggling with it.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  11 місяців тому

      Thank you for your positive feedback, Jasmin. Please take a look at the requested Industry Group codes and names. Let me know if you have any further questions.
      INDUSTRY GROUP represents a four-digit numeric code assigned to the company to represent its industry group. Each company is classified into a major industry group, represented by the first two digits of the code. In addition, each company is further classified within its major group into a subordinated industry group. The following is the definition of the industry codes:
      1300 AEROSPACE
      1310 Engines, Components & Parts Manufacturers
      1320 Military & Commercial Aircraft Manufacturers
      1330 Missile & Missile Parts Manufacturers
      1340 Private & Business Aircraft Manufacturers
      1350 Miscellaneous Aerospace
      1600 APPAREL
      1610 Apparel Manufacturers
      1620 Diversified Apparel Manufacturers
      1630 Hosiery Manufacturers
      1640 Shoe Manufacturers
      1900 AUTOMOTIVE
      1910 Diversified Automotive Manufacturers
      1920 Original Parts & Accessories Manufacturers
      1930 Replacement Parts & Accessories Manufacturers
      1940 Truck & Trailer Manufacturers
      2200 BEVERAGES
      2210 Brewers
      2220 Distillers
      2230 Soft Drink Producers & Bottlers
      2500 CHEMICALS
      2510 Diversified Chemical Manufacturers
      2520 Household Chemicals
      2530 Industrial Chemicals & Gases Manufacturers
      2540 Paint & Resin Manufacturers
      2550 Rubber & Tire Manufacturers
      2560 Sulphur Producers
      2570 Synthetic Fibers
      2580 Miscellaneous Chemicals
      2800 CONSTRUCTION
      2810 Diversified Construction Companies
      2820 Brick, Clay & Refractory Products
      2830 Builders' Metal Products
      2840 Cement Products
      2850 Construction Aggregates
      2860 Construction Machinery
      2870 Engineering & Contracting Services
      2880 Home Builders
      2890 Gypsum, Lumber & Building Supplies
      2891 Plumbing, Heating & Air Conditioning
      2892 Prefabricated & Mobile Home Builders
      2893 Miscellaneous Construction
      3100 DIVERSIFIED
      3110 General Diversified
      3400 DRUGS, COSMETICS & HEALTH CARE
      3410 Diversified
      3420 Cosmetics & Toiletries
      3430 Ethical Drug Manufacturers
      3440 Medical, Surgical & Dental Suppliers
      3700 ELECTRICAL
      3710 Diversified Electrical Manufacturers
      3720 Appliances & Consumer Products
      3730 Industrial & Commercial Electrical Equipment
      3740 Power Transmission Equipment
      3750 Miscellaneous Electrical
      4000 ELECTRONICS
      4010 Diversified
      4020 Automatic Controls
      4030 Electronic Data Processing Equipment
      4040 Government & Defense Electronic Systems
      4050 Instruments, Gauges & Meters
      4060 Parts & Components
      4070 Radio, T.V. & Phonograph Manufacturers
      4080 Systems & Subsystems
      4090 Miscellaneous Electronics
      4300 FINANCIAL
      4310 Commercial Banks - Multi-Bank Holding Companies
      4320 Commercial Banks - One Bank Holding Companies
      4350 Investment Companies
      4360 Commercial Finance Companies
      4370 Insurance Companies
      4380 Land and Real Estate
      4390 Personal Loan Company
      4391 Real Estate Investment Trust Companies, including Business Trusts
      4392 Rental & Leasing
      4393 Savings & Loan Holding Companies
      4394 Securities Brokerage Firms
      4395 Miscellaneous Financial
      4600 FOOD
      4610 Diversified
      4620 Bakers
      4630 Canners & Processors
      4640 Confectionery Goods
      4650 Dairy Products
      4660 Grain, Flour & Cereal
      4670 Meat Packers
      4680 Sugar Producer
      4690 Miscellaneous Food
      4900 MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
      4910 Diversified Machinery
      4920 Agricultural Machinery
      4930 Business Machines & Office Equipment
      4940 Construction Machinery
      4950 Engines
      4960 Gauges & Meters Manufacturers
      4970 Industrial Machinery
      4980 Machine Tools
      4990 Portable Tools
      4991 Transportation Equipment
      4992 Miscellaneous Machinery & Equipment
      5200 METAL PRODUCERS
      5210 Diversified
      5220 Aluminum Producers
      5230 Copper Producers
      5240 Gold Producers
      5250 Iron Ore Producers
      5260 Lead & Zinc Producers
      5270 Silver Producers
      5280 Steel Producers - Integrated
      5290 Steel Producers - Non-Integrated
      5291 Steel Producers - Specialty
      5292 Miscellaneous Metal Producers
      5500 METAL PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS
      5510 Diversified
      5520 Bearing Manufacturers
      5530 Metal Containers
      5540 Metal Fasteners
      5550 Supplies & Distributors
      5560 Wire, Chain & Spring
      5570 Miscellaneous Metal Products Manufacturers
      5800 OIL, GAS, COAL & RELATED SERVICES
      5810 Coal Producers
      5820 Crude Oil & Natural Gas Producers
      5830 Holding Companies
      5840 Integrated Domestic Oil Producers
      5850 Integrated International Oil Producers
      5860 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Distributors
      5870 Exploration, Drilling Service & Equipment
      5880 Oil Refiners & Distributors
      5890 Miscellaneous Oil, Gas & Coal
      6100 PAPER
      6110 Diversified
      6120 Packaging Products
      6130 Printing & Writing Paper
      6140 Miscellaneous Paper
      6400 PRINTING & PUBLISHING
      6410 Book Publishers
      6420 Magazine Publishers
      6430 Newspaper Publishers
      6440 Printers
      6450 Miscellaneous Printing & Publishing
      6700 RECREATION
      6710 Games & Toys
      6720 Motion Picture Producers & Distributors
      6730 Musical Instruments
      6740 Photographic Equipment & Supplies
      6750 Radio & T.V. Broadcasts
      6760 Restaurants & Fast Food Franchisers
      6770 Sporting Goods
      6780 Miscellaneous Recreation
      7000 RETAILERS
      7010 Apparel Store Chains
      7020 Department Store Chains
      7030 Discount Stores
      7040 Drug Store Chains
      7050 Local Food Store Chains
      7060 National Regional Food Store Chains
      7070 Shoe Retailers
      7080 Variety Store Chains
      7090 Vending Machine Operators
      7091 Miscellaneous Retailers
      7300 TEXTILES
      7310 Diversified
      7320 Apparel Fabrics
      7330 Home Furnishings
      7340 Miscellaneous Textiles
      7600 TOBACCO
      7610 Cigar Manufacturers
      7620 Cigarette Manufacturers
      7630 Miscellaneous Tobacco
      7900 TRANSPORTATION
      7910 Airlines
      7920 Freight Forwarders
      7930 Railroads
      7940 Railroad Holding Companies
      7950 Shipping
      7960 Trucking
      7970 Miscellaneous Transportation
      8200 UTILITIES
      8210 Communications
      8220 Electric Power Companies
      8230 Electric Power Holding Companies
      8240 Electric Power & Gas Companies
      8250 Natural Gas Distributors
      8260 Natural Gas Holding Companies
      8270 Natural Gas Pipelines
      8280 Water Companies
      8500 MISCELLANEOUS
      8510 Advertising Agencies
      8520 Furnishings
      8530 Glass
      8540 Hotel & Motel Chains
      8550 Medical Services
      8560 Industrial Abrasives
      8570 Scientific Equipment & Supplies
      8580 Service Organizations
      8590 Shipbuilding
      8591 Wholesalers
      8592 Miscellaneous Companies
      8600 REUTERS FUNDAMENTALS-SOURCED DATA
      8610 Industrial/Commercial format; Industry group NA
      8620 Utilities; Industry group NA
      8630 Bank format; Industry group NA

    • @jasminthy
      @jasminthy 8 місяців тому +1

      @@searatali Thank you for your reply! When I download financial data for companies, some of the values are displayed as "0". I'm not sure whether the value means missing observations or its true value. Literally look for answer but haven't gotten any positive one. Do you by chance know what "0" really mean Professor? Would greatly appreciate your reply :) Thank you.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  8 місяців тому

      Thank you Jasmin for your questions. Could you please specify which financial variables have '0' values, and whether you used the request table or screener app to download data?

    • @jasminthy
      @jasminthy 8 місяців тому

      @@searatali dear Professor, I extracted financial data using static request and time series request from Excel add-in. These variables include total debt, net PPE, capex. I'm Not sure if they means NA...

  • @UMAG1-hv6zs
    @UMAG1-hv6zs Рік тому +1

    Thanks for this wonderful tutorial. Waiting for reshaping and merging session. I was wondering if GVKEYs are available for the US firms together with ISIN and CUSIP?

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Thanks for your positive feedback. The GVKEYs are not available in Refinitiv. I will create and post the data reshaping and merging videos in a few days. Take care and stay blessed.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  11 місяців тому

      Here is the data reshape and merging video, which might be helpful for you; ua-cam.com/video/keuP-HukZ0M/v-deo.html

  • @fatahhaji6762
    @fatahhaji6762 10 місяців тому +2

    Salam - I cannot find the "New Request Table" - Do I need to enable it or did they change it to something else? Thank you.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  10 місяців тому

      Dear Fatah, walikumsalam!. Thanks for your question. Have you got the excel add-in? The new request table option is in the section "Datastream". Sometime the size of your laptop screen might change the display. In this case, the new request table will be hiden in the drop down in tge "datastream" section. Give it a try. If still could not find, please send me screenshot at my email searat@uow.edu.au. I will try to address the issue. Good luck!

    • @fatahhaji6762
      @fatahhaji6762 10 місяців тому +1

      @@searatali thanks brother for the reply - I have the excel add-in but the 'Datastream' section does not appear and therefore the new request table option is missing together with the datastream.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  10 місяців тому

      Do you have Refinitiv Eikon or Refinitiv Workspace? Please send the screenshot of your excel with Add-in at searat@uow.edu.au for me to have a look.

  • @henchiribasma3175
    @henchiribasma3175 Рік тому +1

    Very helpful Thank you

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Thank you so much for the comment.

  • @yingzhao-v9h
    @yingzhao-v9h 8 місяців тому

    Thank you so much Prof! However, the S&P 500 constituents are rebalanced on a quarterly basis. How could I get the ISIN code for all the historical constituents in the previous years? Thanks again and look forward to your reply.

  • @LineF923
    @LineF923 7 місяців тому

    Your video is very helpful! But where can I find more detailed information on the extracted variables? For example, how are total assets (worldscope WC02999) scaled (million/billion)? The value seems quite small (just millions) compared to the actual value reported by the company (usually billions). It would be great if you could help me because I cannot find any documentation provided by Refinitiv on how they scale worldscope data.

  • @Abeer-sib
    @Abeer-sib Рік тому +2

    MashaAllah

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Thank you so much, Sarfraz. Stay blessed.

  • @ClashofAction
    @ClashofAction 6 місяців тому +1

    Thank you this helped me a lot!

    • @searatali
      @searatali  6 місяців тому

      You are most welcome

    • @ClashofAction
      @ClashofAction 6 місяців тому

      Can i ask, how would i get the closing stock price of a stock? I cant figure out how it is called in refinitiv. ​@searatali

  • @linah.2655
    @linah.2655 4 місяці тому

    Thank you for the video!
    I have a question: I need a list of global M&A transactions (I know how to get this with the screener). However I also need ESG data and financial data for all of the transactions.
    Do you have a recommendation how I can get financial data (for example total assets of the acquirer) for 1 year before the announcement date and one year after?
    Since all transactions habe different announcement dates the date for the financial data is not the same.. how can I do this?
    Thank you for your help in advance!

  • @ivakovacevic115
    @ivakovacevic115 7 місяців тому +1

    Thank you so much, it is very much helpful!

    • @searatali
      @searatali  7 місяців тому

      You are most welcome, dear Iva. All the best with your research.

  • @quratulain7433
    @quratulain7433 Рік тому +2

    I have access of refinitiv , how do I access refinitiv workspace?

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому +3

      Thanks, Quratulain, for your question. Refinitiv workspace is now called LSEG workspace. You can access it in three ways.
      1. Download and Install the LSEG app on your computer: www.refinitiv.com/en/products/refinitiv-workspace/download-workspace.
      2. Access LSEG workspace online/Web from your computer: workspace.refinitiv.com/web
      3. Use the add-in “Workspace”, automatically integrated into Excel when downloading/installing the LSEG workspace desktop version (Windows only). If the "workspace" add-in does not show automatically in Excel, please follow the steps I have shown in my video.
      Please let me know if you have any further questions.
      All the best.

  • @umrarashidofficial
    @umrarashidofficial 10 місяців тому +1

    Thankyou Sir, very helpful..

    • @searatali
      @searatali  10 місяців тому +1

      Dear Umra, thanks for your positive feedback.

  • @naimatkadha817
    @naimatkadha817 11 місяців тому +1

    Dr. Seerat Ali, is there any way to use ISIN codes to download data using the 'New Request Table'? I have the ISIN numbers for for a project, and I wish to download the data based on those ISIN numbers.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  11 місяців тому +1

      Dear Dr Naimat, there are various options to get the data of the specific companies using the ISIN codes. I will put up a tutorial on this in a few days.

  • @mohammedadem1326
    @mohammedadem1326 Рік тому +1

    Insightful video, but I don't have access to Refinitiv.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Thank you for your positive feedback, Adem. If you have interesting and novel research ideas, you may want to collaborate with scholars who have access to Refinitiv for your data needs. Good luck with your research!

  • @Liz-zw5wz
    @Liz-zw5wz 6 місяців тому

    Hi, Professor, If I want to download some accounting data of S&P global companies, whether the data destination should not in excel? becasue the data is too many.

  • @naimatkadha817
    @naimatkadha817 11 місяців тому +1

    In the video, both variable names and company names are in the same column. How to separate them in Stata. I tried different option in excel, but there are many issues in that, which I could not do it properly.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  11 місяців тому

      Dear Naimat, Thank you for asking such a valuable question. I would like to share with you a new video that I believe will be helpful in resolving your query related to data reshaping. The video is titled 'How to Download, Reshape, and Merge ESG, Accounting, Market, and Audit Data | Datastream | Refinitiv' and can be accessed at ua-cam.com/video/keuP-HukZ0M/v-deo.html. If you have any further questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to let me know. I am always here to help.

    • @naimatkadha817
      @naimatkadha817 11 місяців тому +1

      Dear Dr. Seerat Ali, it's very detailed and to the point. Many many thanks. Keep the good work.

    • @searatali
      @searatali  11 місяців тому

      @naimatkadha817, it is my pleasure dear Dr Naimat. All the best with your research.

  • @qamarishtiaq1983
    @qamarishtiaq1983 7 місяців тому

    Sir, I am looking for Dividend and Capital gain Tax rate for different countries around the world. Is it available on refinitiv? If yes, how can i download?

  • @wajidalikhan7933
    @wajidalikhan7933 Рік тому +2

    👍👍

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому

      Thank you, Wajid. Appreciate your support.

  • @LizLuo-gr4qn
    @LizLuo-gr4qn 6 місяців тому +1

    Thank you so much

    • @searatali
      @searatali  6 місяців тому

      You are most welcome.

  • @muhammadnaumansadiq
    @muhammadnaumansadiq 4 місяці тому

    Dear Sir, Can you please Help me to get data from this site? Unfortunately, I don't have an access to this site...? If you can ..I,ll be thank ful to you

  • @ardhiansyahkuswardhana181
    @ardhiansyahkuswardhana181 5 місяців тому +1

    How do i download the ESG disclosure score in refinitiv?

    • @searatali
      @searatali  5 місяців тому

      Thanks for your question. The ESG score shown in my tutorial is the ESG disclosure of the companies.

  • @Mayazoya
    @Mayazoya Рік тому +1

    Helpful bulk data download damo. Thank You

    • @searatali
      @searatali  Рік тому +1

      Thank you Maya Zoya for your positive feedback.

  • @dinesh69260
    @dinesh69260 4 місяці тому +1

    sir how we have to pay for refinitiv for esg data

    • @searatali
      @searatali  4 місяці тому

      Dear Dinesh, thanks for your question. Please contact with LSEG (ex Refinitiv) to get the quote for individual or institutional subscription.

  • @sanusiakeem9252
    @sanusiakeem9252 4 місяці тому

    The distinguish Prof. Please provide your email for discussion. I need data set on listed banks in UK and EU.... I do not mind paying.........

  • @aishaal-heidous1388
    @aishaal-heidous1388 7 місяців тому +1

    شكرا لكم كثيرا و جزاك الله خير و نفع بكم الناس، millions🥲 of thanks- You can not imagine how this video helped me

    • @searatali
      @searatali  7 місяців тому

      Thank you for your kind prayers. I am glad to know the tutorial was helpful. Please help share it among others.