The Nature of Science
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- Опубліковано 8 вер 2024
- This is the 4th video in our series of classroom supplements. We covered the scientific method in our previous video, but I thought we really needed to explain it a bit more for the high school kids. Because it's very rare that they're told what constitutes evidence, the difference between a theory and a law, between hypotheses and theory and what 'theory' really means. Essentially I'm just repeating my last presentation on epistemology.
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/ aronra
_"Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge: it is those who know little, and not those who know much, who so positively assert that this or that problem will never be solved by science."_
- *Charles Darwin*
"The Anti-Ra" was awesome, I hope you can make him a recurring character.
I love that you reference music theory. My field of study in college was music "theory" and composition. As a lifelong private teacher, conversations with students may often wander into different topics. Since music is physics, I use music to explain the relationships of other things in the world, whether it's tuning the carburetor of a car or reading the printout from a heart monitor. And when it comes to the topic that evolution is a theory, I usually reference music theory. It has oftentimes gotten my point across to someone that would normally be closed-minded about the matter. Anyway, great job, Aron. Keep up the good work...
I have nothing but respect for you sir, never stop being brilliant
Don't worry - he won't!
Thank you for all that you do Aron ... Seriously, thank you.
***** At 6:00 you say that 'relativity says that gravity bends the fabric of space-time.' This is semantically inaccurate. General relativity says that gravity is the observation that matter/energy bends space-time and that objects with mass or energy travel through space-time on geodesics.
I enjoy your videos, but I occasionally find the odd error when it comes to modern physics. Do you have a physics advisor for your videos? Do you need one? I'm volunteering.
Gravity is an observation? Wouldn't it be clearer to say: "gravitation is a phenomenon by which objects with mass attract each other as a consequence of the curvature of space-time"? We're talking high-school level science. When teaching, we often use "incorrect" or "short-hand" definitions in order to explain a complex idea which can be later corrected and refined by further, more advanced study.
Grafight23 Yes, we observe that objects with mass or energy are gravitationally attracted to each other and, at least on large scales (greater than ~1km), general relativity is the most accurate description of this observation. Gravity is not a tangible noun as it is made out to be in the video.
I agree that short-hand descriptions need to be used at the high school level, but those descriptions need not be incorrect.
yeah it should be "relativity says that gravity is mass bending space" (or matter/energy bending space/time). mass bends space, and that is what gravity is. not "gravity bends space".
Grafight23 You're describing Wittgenstein's ladder.
supercriticality Thanks!
I love you for using the Doctor Who intro effects!
Pier review is the most important factor in science, it keeps scientists honest and accurate. so science can better explore this world, and come up with answers for why many things are the way they are. and how we can overcome obstacles we face each day and on into the future. yet science is only as perfect as the effort we put into it. so when we succeed with science and scientists have breakthroughs we can bank on it. that's why I'm a confirmed Atheist, I would rather put my faith in Nature and science. it offers something tangible, and the things that science can't answer just means that it still has to be studied more. before I would ever put my faith in religion. science would rather be accurate if it takes years and years. than to be inaccurate right now.
Love how you fade into view at the beginning. It makes me imagine a scenario where people are arguing the wrong thing an Aron just fades in and goes "well actually".
Street preacher: God loves ya
*Aron materializes from nothing behind him*
"Nothing personal kid-"
The Dunning-Kruger effect explains Creationists to a tee!
You are such a great voice of reason.
Well, I'm saving this one to my favorites. This gives a wonderful explanation of what these words mean and how they are properly used.
His last video explaining the differences between fact, evidence and proof was also really enlightening. Its these small distinctions which really add to enhancing our perception of both our world and the nagging questions in our minds we often didn't even know we had!
Thanks for making and sharing this video. I found so much of it very helpful. Its not easy to explain some scientific concepts with thoroughness to those, like myself, without any strong education in the sciences. You did a great job of it! :-)
This is great, Aron! Thanks for your commitment to "Science As a Way of Knowing."
another well done well researched video keep it comming people need to undestand the value of science the meaning of scientific words and you do a wonderful job of explaining that. thank you for putting time into this important subject
Great job in going over the differences between a hypothesis, a law and a theory, without even touching evolution. gives something for a kid to accept without automatically throwing it out because 'evolution Has to be wrong'.
The wise admit they know nothing. I live by that. Good video sir.
Good video, I just have one pet-peeve.
When using a greenscreen, it's a good idea to slightly feather it, to remove the jagged edges.
I can hear a person snoring in the background. (sorry, its an excellent video)
I’m sure it’s one of his dogs
I honestly like this format of video, explaining everything coherently and clearly, no need for too many fancy shots or graphics to get our attention.
It means this video has nothing bad in it, and should be front page of UA-cam Kids. 🤷🏽♂️
You smart good, Mr. AronRa. You make me brain think harder than any UA-camr. I don't thunk like anywhere near your level of mind. Your smarts done made my brain look small and dumb.
All kidding aside I'm enjoying these videos from you as of late. I get great ammo for my debates against my more religiously inclined family members. It is sometimes painful to wade into the deep end of their pool of naivete in order to shed the tiniest light on to the darkness that is their ignorance. I constantly point them in your direction and to the Armored Skeptic in order to show them my unbelief is NOT me loving sinning so much that I'd rather turn away from God than give it up, but rather a reasoned well thought out position, one that I did not come to lightly. Watching your videos has better enabled me to defend my position from a reasonable, rational foundation and for that I thank you. Keep up the excellent work sir! And I know you're so popular this prob won't even register but you've got a fan in me. Not because I'm blindly following your words, but because even when I look at what you say with a critical eye, I can see that what you say makes more sense than what they're trying to sell me (them being the religious folks I deal with regularly).
Fantastic bite sized explanations of the power and worth of science.
Thanks Aron for this brilliant and educational view.
This series is what we need more of, to help the ignorant see.
My new favorite UA-cam channel
I allways watch aron's videos a couple of times just to make sure I didn't miss any of the information that comes pouring out of them. keep up the good work!
***** I think this series has found its winning formula with the not so articulate and slovenly dressed alter ego of the articulate well dressed narrator appearing periodically for comic relief. This type of entertaining element is vital to retaining the focus of younger minds. .....well done.
AronRa you make some awesome videos I've been fallowing you're channel for around 5 years and I'm still learning new thing, I love it
Every introductory science class from middle school to college should show this video on the first day of class.
Wonderful and informative video. I will be using this as reference for a debate later.
Best man on the internet.
Another great presentation!
You're the best teacher!
AronRa for 13th Doctor!
Hey, those graphics did remind me of Doctor Who, okay?
2001
I saw those too. Surprised they didn't use Star Wars effects.
Some of them ARE From Doctor Who!
Incredible explanation.
I have just discovered you recently. I get an enormous kick out of your style and message. I do not wish to seem in Opposition to you, but, as a kind of inside joke, I wish to relate the current argument in Physics around The Electric Universe Model and Relativity. You can, as you please, discover it yourself @ the Thunder bolts Project. Another example of Dysfunctional peer review is most evident in the LENR/ Cold Fusion the way they crush the Fleishman and Ponds Paper. Rackets!! What can I say. Still, the system is suppose to work. Keep up the good work. Wait till you find out about Velakovsky .
5:50
I don't know why I found this so funny, but my face was literally getting red from laughter.
I really liked the use of parts of Nova's "The Elegant Universe" with Brian Greene in the background.
Kind of a random ending there.
Imagine if lawyers used the arguments Ken ham and other creationists use.
"Your honor. That finger print doesn't prove anything. Me and the defence simply are interpreting the evidence differently."
You have evidence, facts, accurate knowledge. How can you reasonably compete with BS, wild ass speculation, conflict of interest statements, and misleading statements, effortless stupidity and mindless comforting simplicity :) ?
And 10 people, so far, just know they know better, or, more likely, doesn't want to hear nor learn.
Great job! Amazing Video!
8:15, "The only way to improve our understanding is to seek out the flaws in our current perception and correct them."
We should learn from our mistakes.
(fav'ed)
Why did 6 people dislike this? Is it because they failed science in high school?
I didn't notice the sound in the back until that other person in comments mentioned it so I listened again and now I'm having trouble concentrating because of it. Lol
Wow !!! Love this one too.
great great man AronRa !!!
Such a great series. Thanks!
Don't have to tell me about Dunning-Kruger effect. I have a cousin. He's so smart. He's never had a job, he's never graduated from school. It's always someone else's fault. He told me he had put posts in, so I had him put posts in for a new gate, as the garage door gate my dad had cobbled together did as he wished & died with him. He didn't. There's no way, he's ever put posts in. I have to try to fix, his mess, believe me, it's way easier to make a mess than fix it.
Excelente trabajo !
Keep doing these till i know everything
Truly true, as always!
"Ignorance is no enemy of knowledge the illusion of knowledge is"
Great video! still soo weird seeing you all dressed up!!
Excellent.
Splendid!
Nicely done.
I love you Aron, in a scientific apprentice like way. You have opened my religion diseased mind , and given me the opportunity to experience peace.
Excellent! Keep up the great work!
Any upcoming fossil/prehistoric creatures videos? Keep up the good work.
Beautiful.
Isnt God Wonderfull !!! You make his Facts so clear ! Halleluia !!!
Shout out for the doctor who intro in the backround
Aron, I offer this as a reaction to the three things you said that clarified my understanding of the differences of facts, laws and theories:
Fact of Gravity - "That" things fall down
Law of Gravity - "How" things fall down the same under the same conditions (the math description)
Hypothesis - We know that it works the same each time, but we offer a guess as to "why" it does that. Then we test the hypotheses to see if they survive. If so, we have a theory.
Theory of Gravity - "Why" things fall down (the explanation of which we do not yet know everything about, or may never know everything)
Science Laws/Principles:
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_science
Law of Gravity
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation
Newton's 3 Laws of Motion
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion
Guauss's Law for Gravity
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%27s_law_for_gravity
Coulomb's Law
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law
Laws of Thermodynamics
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics
Economic Laws
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Economics_laws
Conservation Laws
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conservation_laws
Boyle's Law
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyle%27s_law
Then there are premises, axioms and theorems of logic, geometry, math, etc.
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem
========================
Not the same:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law
I love these vids !!!!!
I'd differ on one point. "Proof" in a scientific or engineering sense doesn't mean "demonstrated to be 100% true", it means "tested against the observations". Just like the old, usually incorrectly stated expression, "the proof (test) of the pudding is in the eating".
In engineering, we do "proof tests" of safety systems on a periodic basis to make that these systems will function in the emergencies they are designed for, in which we subject the system to simulated conditions, as close as we can to the failure points, to make sure the protections kick in when expected.
So I say it's fair to say that the theories have been "proven" in the scientific sense, but not in the colloquial sense.
Are those two different versions of the word "prove" though? I don't know, I'm genuinely asking. That said, I think I totally agree with your last sentence. For all practical purposes we might as well accept that they've been "proven," even if we can't be absolutely sure of it.
What is this noise in the background?
It sounds like someone is snoring heavily. Could it be your dog?
Am I the only one who noticed this or what.
I just noticed it too. I'm watching this video in bed at 2am and I thought it was my wife until I paused it and it went!!
I love AronRa's vids, but yeah, I kept getting distracted throughout this one by my brain screaming "SNORING DOG SNORING DOG SNORING DOG" ad nauseam.
Now I can't ignore it anymore xD
I swear there's almost always something with Aron's videos. Either its gonna be weird noises, or graphics, or video quality lol.
Not hating, just saying.
*****
I watched this video over again and again at risk of waking my wife to hear a snoring dog and have come to the conclusion you need new speakers. I don't hear a snoring dog or any other feedback. It might be your set up.
Good video!
that was really good, i wish that you would do longer youtubes in the science dept,...
Aron, I am, as silly as it may sound, an agnostic Deist (that's the closest label to my belief anyway). That being said though, anything you say regarding religion without a doubt makes much more sense to me than anything a priest would say about it. You seriously make me consider "converting" to Atheism. If not for a personal experience I would already have gone there. Anyway, as always, I found the video interesting and educational. Keep up the good work.
Lets us hear your experience my friend. You have my curiosity.
I'm sure your 'personal experience' can equally be explained scientifically by the intelligentia of UA-cam. Now is your big chance to cast aside the shackles of religion forever! Do tell!
Paulo Bazilio Weird and inexplicable things happen to everyone, I should imagine. There are certainly one or two things that have happened to me which have me baffled. But at least you have the good sense not to put it down to magic -- or worse still, religion.
Consider that many people over many millennia have testified to such similar personal experiences, and that their experiences and conclusions are often contradictory. Consider further that such experiences may merely be part of the human condition; something we suffer under moments of stress or maybe for no real reason at all. Kind of like a psionic nosebleed.
I hope I didn't miss a video explaining this, but what got you into making youtube videos? Also were you such a vocal supporter of atheism before this channel?
*wishing I could upload this knowledge into so many brains right now...*
As a science advocate I love this video Aron, but as a teacher I worry that it will lose the attention of teenagers due to the terminology and the speed at which you deliver the information.. Have you "field tested" this one with actual high school students?
Technicality; You said that a tennis ball and a bowling ball will roll downhill at the same rate. I think the tennis ball will roll at a different rate (slower I think) because it is hollow. The hollow object rolls at a different rate than does the solid object regardless of the weight of either.
Don't think. Try it out. Just because it is hollow doesn't mean it won't accelerate the same as another object. That all depends on its Moment of Inertia. They could have the same moment of inertia just by the amount of mass, the radius of the sphere and the way the matter is distributed in the sphere.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_moments_of_inertia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia#Example_calculation_of_moment_of_inertia
thisisatonofbs
I'd like to add, to execute the experiment you should put some felt on the bowling ball - or in some other way, make the surfaces of the two balls equally smooth or uneven. The surface will of course also influence the speed.
The point of science is, of course, that it doesn't matter what you think. It has been proven that they will roll at the same rate (were it not, as has been stated, for the furry surface of the tennis ball)
Rettequetette You dont need the same surface.
Mark Lucas Here is an experiment: Get a vacuum chamber (so that air resistance doesn't affect the results and let a tennis ball and a bowlingball fall down from the same height and put 2 photoelectric sensors at the bottom to see which lands first or if they land at the same time.
PS: they land at the same time :D
Chainezo Deathhunter
No, I said the surfaces should be equally rough/smooth. The opening comment was about two balls rolling downhill.
Of course I might be wrong, I'm not a physicist. In that case I'd like to know why the surfaces are unimportant.
I happen to *know* why wet dogs are so friendly! I did some experiments with my neighbor's dog that indicate that dogs ( or, at least that dog) use surreptitious means to dry themselves off by befriending & hugging another friendly animal (like us) to share the moisture, thus wiping themselves off in the process! Actually, this is just a hypothesis, not actual knowledge, so I encourage viewers to test this, and make comments to support your conclusions, citing observational & experimental evidence. What's your hypothesis?
Just imagine modern, countries with decent internet, actually need this explained to adults, :s.
Bit of an early cutaway at 3:54, but other than that, great vid!
Is that someone snoring in the background?
It’s most likely one of his dogs lol
I don't agree that Newton was wrong. More like his equations were incomplete, which is completely reasonable given that there was no empirical evidence to suggest that tweaks to his equations were necessary. I also do not agree that we understand the reasons about how gravity actually does what it does any better now then we ever did. It is still a huge mystery how gravity behaves the way it does. We can describe it all very precisely but we cannot explain it. In fact, it may be that we never will.
I was having a similar thought. Newton's Law of Gravitation is not a complete theory of gravity, but is it a powerful tool for most domains that we have encountered. I view laws as descriptions of nature that have domains of validity. Newton's description was good enough to explore the moon and nearby planets. With the perihelion of Mercury and GPS satellites, we need general relativity. So I don't view Newton's theory of gravity as wrong so much as it is more limited than Einstein's.
I think we agree! That is fun! :)
In the last two minutes, I thought I heard the subtle sound of someone snoring while Aron spoke. Maybe there's a way to clean up the audio?
What is the music from this series?
does anyone else hear the snoring in the background? I just noticed it at about 5:00 into the video.
Why is there someone snoring in the background audio towards the later half of the video?
It's too bad this video only has 8k views.
I know the background is from "2001," but I keep thinking "Doctor Who" and wondering if AronRa is a Time Lord.
Seriously Aron, you need to become a science teacher
+Chris Dodds He can educate a lot more people by making videos.
Though I quite like the idea of him standing in front of a classroom. He'd be a very cool teacher :-)
I enjoyed the video. Just a small bit of constructive criticism. The earring, while stylish, looks really odd with the blue/green screen. Half of it vanishes at various points in the video. Keep on keeping on!
Thank you for doing these videos! This one is a terrific explanation of terms that are frequently misused and *why* they're defined the way they are. Really love it. :D
Btw, you have a periodic low hum that becomes more noticeable by 5:54 through the end. It's very regular and reminds me of the sound I used to hear in older recordings when it would pick up the hum from an old reel-to-reel recorder. It's not terrible - I'm just sensitive to extra sounds like that. Didn't know if you had equipment that might be producing it when you do your audio track.
Again, great video! (wx9vor)
I liked it ^^
So, string theory explains why 2 or 3 dimensional point like particles are represented by 1 dimensional strings...?
...on a mathematical level. A mathematical theory, that doesn't make physical predictions on accessible energy scales... is therefore a why without... ...facts?
***** Interesting content to this video. Might want to redo the Chromakeying of yourself into the frame as something was off constantly around your neck and ears. I'm guessing the earrings that kept appearing and disappearing were partially reflecting the key color. Basically the outline around you is pretty badly aliased. The visuals, without you in them, probably stand on their own.
Unfortunately, people still try and separate music from music theory, so this may not be the best analogy.
Watching with headphones. I have to ask. Was this by any chance recorded in a room that contained a sleeping dog? I swear I can hear dog snoring.
he had a golden retriever.
Aron is a favorite of mine, maybe because we are both from the Western US, both had contact with Mormonism, and both are very long-haired guys! Naw. It' because we are both apistivists.
The reason two objects fall at the same speed, even though they can be different sizes and weights and fall different distances. is called terminal velocity. its the measurement of how gravity pulls objects to earth.
terminal velocity is the maximum velocity (speed) attainable by an object as it falls through a fluid or air
It occurs when the sum of the drag force and the buoyancy is equal to the downward force of gravity acting on the object..
terminal velocity is different depending on stuff like your mass, surface area, etc...
reason why objects fall at the same speed is because gravity "pulls" everything at same velocity
not because of terminal velocity
add air into the equation, and all of sudden feather will fall slower than a hammer
remove the air, they fall at the same speed
S Patrk is right about terminal velocity, but here is some expansion on why things fall at the same rate around a given body of mass. The mass of the earth and objects on or around it exert the same *force* on each other proportional to the product of the masses and a constant, and inversely proportional to the distance between their centers of mass, squared. So we pull as hard on earth as it pulls on us. However, the *acceleration* we undergo is proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the accelerating object, so the earth is barely accelerated by us but we are accelerated to it at about 9.8 m/s^2. Since the mass of any object is used in both equations, it is cancelled out, so every object at a given distance from the primary mass is accelerated at the same rate.
extraordinary claims do not require extraordinary evidence. they just require evidence.
Looks like Aron Ra will be the next Doctor Who... :P
You mean the TV show or the character?
Greatsaiyakirby The TV show. Just making reference to his choice of backgrounds from 6:33 to the end. :D
I think it is misleading to say that Newton's law of gravity isn't correct. It isn't correct in the way that it doesn't flawlessly describe how gravity works. But it was a good approximation. And by good approximation I don't mean that it 'wasn't too bad.' I mean that from that moment on any kind of model or correction is based on his law. The measure of gravity will always tend to Newton's law on human scale. Newton's law was a step towards describing the Universe in a better way.
do teachers and parents actually show this to kids
splitting hairs here, but it wasn't so much that Newton was "wrong" as it was that his answer was incomplete....
now granted, he also balked at the 3-body problem, it was solved 50 years later by Laplace.....
The Nature of Science.
So Darwin and Russell's lives overlapped? Didn't know that. Maybe I'm showing how little I know. Or how much 😉