The Basic Steam Cycle- An Introduction To Ship Power Plants
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- Опубліковано 25 лип 2013
- TabletClass.com - www.tabletclass.com This video explains the basics steam cycle of steam power plants on board ships. The video looks at a typical D type boiler used in the US Navy and the cycle of creating steam, high and low pressure turbines, reduction gears, condensers, DFT and other parts of a steam plant. However many of the aspects of the video apply to steam power in general to include generators that produce electricity. Those that study power generation or marine engineering should be interested as well.
USS MCCANDLESS FF 1084 (my first ship)
Great video! I feel like a sort of time traveler watching this video and reading the comments. It brings back memories. It feels like I returned from the future but got back too late. It is kind of erie.
MCCANDLESS is long gone, went to Turkey, and was since then decommissioned by them as well.
It feels like I am the last person on Earth and am writing this amongst comments 8 years old, hoping to find out if I am truly alone.
To answer the one gentleman's question on the DFT. The DFT or DA Tank has three basic principles; Pre-heats, Deaerates and Stores. It pre-heats the condensate that's pumped from the Condenser by using auxiliary exhaust steam. As the condensate returns to the DFT, its sprayed out through low pressure spray nozzles, forming an umbrella pattern where the steam is injected from under this umbrella. There's a vent at the top of the tank usd to remove air and other non-condensibles.
Two things are accomplished here, pre-heating and deaerating. The fine mist is scrubbed free of oxygen. Once this takes place the feedwater is stored in the bottom of the tank ready to be pumped back into the boiler via the booster pump to the main feed pump. A normally operating DFT will have a three degree delta T between the top and bottom of the tank.
That's from memory so I'm sure someone can add more info. I was a BT from 1977-1981. Served as underway top watch on two different ships. One was a 1200 psi and the other a 600psi plant.
Great Video! I'm at Kings Point right now and you've done a good job of clarifying everything before my quiz tomorrow.
I volunteer at the USS North Carolina (BB-55) in Wilmington, NC. I mainly work with groups in the engine rooms of the ship. The North Carolina's propeller shaft would run at around 190 rpms after being reduced from 5,900 rpms in the hp turbine shaft and pinions. The system also ran under 600 psi of steam pressure at the beginning of the cycle. One thing that wasn't in the presentation that I wish you would have mentioned was the economizers or "preheaters" for when the water re-enters the boilers. Thank you for the video, great job.
As far as the figures on propulsion method, the commercial industry is 90% diesel, 5% steam, 5% gas turbine. The Navy is a different story.
Excellent job! I was a BT onboard the USS Constellation CV-64. Thanks so much for uploading this video!
Nick D Hi Nick thanks! I remember the Constellation! - great carrier; as a midshipman I was on the USS Ranger- "danger ranger"...by the way the BT rate is no more- I think they made the rate MM for all engineers back in late 1990s
thanks for your comments- good information; indeed there are various types of steam operations however as you said this is video is more focused on Navy operations (MM's and what used to be BT's)
The fuel for steam ships back in the day was what we call FFO. It had to be pre heated in order to go into the boiler. Interesting to note taking on FFO at sea, they had to heat the oil up to transfer from the tanker to the ship.
In 1988 I decommissioned the USS Norton Sound (AVM-1) which at that time was the only US Navy ship that still used black fuel oil for fuel. In order to refuel tanker trucks of the stuff were brought up from refineries in Mexico since it was not available in the US. When I was doing my qualifications for Surface Warfare I spent some time in the engineering spaces. Our power plant was 400lb steam and used forced draft blowers. In order to change speeds you actually changed the discs that were in various sizes to regulate the spray of the fuel oil into the boiler. The top speed discs were locked in a box that only the CENG had the keys to. Toward the end it was very hard to keep everything working and before an underway period we had help from Long Beach Naval Shipyard helping us keep it in one piece. Usually we only stayed underway for as long as our missile shoot was and then headed back.
John, I found this video to be very informative. I am a volunteer tour guide on the Battleship Wisconsin, in Norfolk, Virginia. I am under-instruction to be a "LIER Tour" (Life In the Engine Room) guide. We recently opened Fire Room and Engine Room #1 on the battleship. It is massive and complex. This really helped me understand the basics.
OBTW, the thick oil was "Bunker Oil." I believe some of it is still oozing out of the USS ARIZONA in Pearl Harbor.
Thanks again sir. V/R Doug
THANKSGIVING
Thanks for sharing, I was a Machinist Mate 2nd class on a Knox class Frigate.I worked in the engineroom that was powered by 2 Babcock 1200 PSI boilers. I loved itand whished I stayed in. The Frigate / Destroyer fleet was going to gas turbine and they wouldnt let me change rates to GS. My option were go to a floating bird farm that boilers water with radiation.
Love it! I was the MPA on FF1063. 1200# steam rules!
This was a very helpful video, thank you
your welcome- thanks for watching
sounds like your doing some cool stuff on your vessel- good luck! I wish you Fair Winds and Following Seas on your trip down to FL..
Thank you very much.
In the Australian and most probably other Navies,the "Black Oil" was called Furnace Fuel oil or FFO for short.
The oil had to be pre heated to a certain temperature to reduce its viscosity and thus allow it to be atomized by the fuel sprayer nozzles
Ships operating in very cold environments had steam elements in their fuel tanks to help keep the oil thin enough to pump etc :)
Top Flank speed shaft rpm was about 203 rpm on CV-43. Loved standing throttles. Actually saw an SSTG turbine take a shot of water while in the yards. Just shredded the turbine blading. They musta picked a million pieces out of the casing. The 4 main stages of the steam cycle are: Generation,expansion,condensate and feed.
make up feed tank; water is added to the cycle to maintain proper levels; however as I explained in the video the steam recovered and condensed in never the same amount as what was in the boiler
Thank you for pronouncing the word turbine correctly - that is "turban."
Hi- I don't really remember much how the internals of the DFT; however I'm pretty sure it works on the premise water being directed to move in varying directions and getting splashed on the wall on the tank; I think the process "knocks" O2 from H20 reducing the amount of oxygen in the feed water to the boiler
21 spring loaded poppet valves it works under a vacuum like the main condenser.its used to preheat condensate and is the last step prior to booster and main feed pumps,
nice video
Ok, thank you. You explained how the cycle loses some steam/water. How exactly is water added to the cycle? Thanks again.
great questions; I think the ship plants in the Navy produced like 25,000 shaft horsepower; the ship was also like 20,000 tons displacement; so we maybe we can figure 1 shaft horsepower to move 1 ton; however it's impossible to make a boiler 1/25,000 the size; I would think a much, much smaller plant could push 4 tons. As to your question on solar reflectors I would not think it would work because you need a very, very hot heat source- like a torch for a big boiler like in the navy
In the very early 70's on a Adam's class destroyer the 1200# system with the Westinghouse turbine and reduction gears was rated at 35,000 HP. Two of them. MM2 in main engine control. On a shake down after getting out of Newport ship yard and a major overhaul we did a lot of Flank speed runs and when you are at the throttles it gets a little unnerving when you are the one with the big wheel in your hand drawing the pressure down. Believe it or not I was thinking about my buddies in the boiler rooms trying to keep up. Running at Flank speed is really no joke and serious time. I think the only thing worse is when you are in a foreign port trying to get out of town and the bridge orders down a crash back, then emergency Flank, then another crash-back, then another emergency Flank, then finally 2/3 speed. Or even worse when you are in the middle of the ocean doing full speed and you get a crash back because there is a Soviet sub riding your ship's ass and the skipper orders a crash back hoping he can get a sub to run under your ship's ass end. Had a lot of fun though, wish I was 20 years old and doing it all over again.
Thanks
The black oil is called mazout and it's used in main steam power plants maybe as the solely fuel or with natural gas
Saturated steam is used in many commercial power plant ie. nuclear bwr's. larger turbine should be the lp turbine, longer blades in a reaction mode v. impulse blading. Good basic for third week MM A school class.
Hi, do you have videos for GED science?
Hello, can you please explain how the DFT operates? Thank you.
Everything makes sense, except could you explain the water drums purpose? I get that the steam drum is for taking steam from the water to bring it to the pipes to the turbine, but then I don’t understand what the water drum is for
indeed- many larger ships like super tankers have small crews and auto pilot nav; as for me, I'm standing watch on the bridge as there are many ship drivers in the world that don't follow COLREGSs well- better to be safe than sorry..
your calculations sound correct- of course it would take some pretty serious engineering to know exactly; ya at 5mph you would do 120 miles/day- about 12.5 days to cover 1500 miles.
Most Aux, ships "US Navy, have been upgraded from 300 PSI, steam , pre-70's to 700 psi, & Aircraft carriers, mid 90's, to 1200 psi.
I will have to correct you on your circles you have drawn, The top one is your steam drum and the bottom one is called the mud drum. The fuel we used was black oil and the other which came later we called JP5 or similiar to #2 oil. I was a BT in the US Navy. I continued inot stationary engineering after the Navy and have two licenses, one from Ohio and the other from the ASOPE both are First Class Steam Engineers licenses.
peshewa0529 I wonder if we've ever met. I worked as an intern for Cleveland thermal back in the winter of 14-15 and left to join the Navy as an engineer. Just curious to know. It's a small world after all!
I don't know, we may have met. I was in the US Navy from 1970 - 1976. I was a BT 2nd Class when discharged. I worked at different plants in Ohio and Michigan. Was active with the Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Steam Engineers when Clint Boyles and other Examiners were with the Department. That No longer exists and the department is stagnant. Wish you well with the US Navy.
Oh for sure. She's not much and she's not big but she's the only home I have. And I wouldn't think she would do well in a collision. In the river the bottom and rocks are my biggest concern. Need forward looking sonar but only out to about 200 meters. That's a winter project if I don't get myself to Florida for the winter.
I don't mean to get real technical but the HP turbine is smaller the the LP turbine.
That's really cool. Yes I tried to think of another word to replace cool but cool it is. OK, so how big or small a system would we need to build to replace a 235 HP gas engine? My boat is only 25 feet long but when conversion from weekend fishing boat to personal live aboard dive boat are complete she'll be pushing 4 ton. At 3 ton she only got 1 MPG. Can we make steam with solar reflector? I'll take 5 knots. Just not 1 MPG please. Now that would be cool :) 9 years sea duty USN surface navy
All I can say is that a mathematician does not make an engineer. For that you have to attend Marine Engineering college, and pass exams and fulfill all the requirements, if you are going to work on ships.
I too didn't think the solar reflectors would work. Less because of the temp than the volume of steam needed. Based on calculation for piston driven steam just 10 HP would require 25 CF/Min at 125 PSI. Was going to try a "U" shape like a 5x10 foot paraboloidal mirror. As for the HP to ton radio it sounds crazy but seemed to work out close as 4 HP would move her but sure not at carrier speeds :) Maybe 5 MPH which I find ok until I realize daylight only 1,500 miles NYC to Florida. 30 days? ok
The other half of that would be electronics so the boat will drive itself. Still being alone not such a good idea to be sleeping while still moving. I can use a PC and program an OOD :)
when did the navy stop using steam powerd engines??
Angel Oseguera more efficient to use diesel
My understanding is the Navy is 100% steam. At least for ships.
The HP turbine is much smaller than the LP turbine
Where autoplay takes me at 4 a.m.
normal d types boiler first pass steam will be at 600psi at 580 temp 2nd pass thru super heater and brought up to 1200 psi at 975 temp . then it goes thru hp, high pressure intermediate turbine and LP turbine. now to the condenser to turn steam to water. from a USS kitty hawk and tech.
I see several problems with his diagram, but for the average layman, its fine, basic, but fine.
This dude should become a mm instructor I'm a mm
what kind of audience are you targeting Sir? At times you sound as if you're targeting an audience which is 5 years old and at times you go on and on about this and that and finally say you don't want to talk too much about the same thing.(eg types of fuel in a boiler - just say marine fuel and leave it at that for crying out loud!!!) !!..
I suggest to make better educational videos, first prepare the presentation, then the draft of lecture which goes with each slide, and rehearse it.
Also you tend to deviate a lot e.g. when you start talking about the size of boilers (is your audience unable to judge the size of a boiler if you say its like 30feet high?, what's with drawing a person next to the boiler for comparison? Again, is your targeted audience 5 years old?) Eventually I lost interest and stopped the video.
You should have prepared a draft and proof read it to yourself in front of a mirror with the presentation playing in the background. Also tape what you are saying and play it back to yourself so you understand your flaws.
+Narayan Kamath Read the title, This is a introduction to steam propulsion systems for ships. He doesn't need to get into great detail about each equipment but he does explain how each piece of equipment creates work. And I don't think a 5 year old would understand this, so this statement makes you portray yourself as a moron. Clearly you have no interest in this topic, so unfortunately you are losing SIR.