+John Michaelson - Thanks John, I appreciate that, It was much easier to explain this with a video than with words. I should have made this video long ago.
i do like a good break down video. i think it would be great fun to see a whole airplane disassembled this way. i'm sure wolfie's employers wouldn't mind as long as he put it back together properly. :D
In 1991 I was doing my private pilots licence in Texas and I posed the question in class that the attutude indicator should deviate due to the Earths rotation, the flying instructor and all the other students thought I was crazy. After the class another instructor who was listening told me I was correct but that "graviational vanes" supplied a very slight constant correction, he hadn't wanted to embarress the other flying instructor in fron of the class who didn't seem to know about this.
вот поэтому аргументы "мне пилот сказал что самолеты летают по гироскопу и он никуда не уходит" ничего не стоят. достаточно просто взять любой авиагоризонт и посмотреть. хоть в живую, хоть в интернете
Know this is an older video, and I understood how they work. But something came up and I couldn't find the answer, so thought I'd ask you Wolfie, my favorite source of all things aviation. If you go into a proper 'two-minute' turn and continue for a few minutes flying around and around, would the pendulous vanes start to be 'fooled' by the constant banking? I mean, a properly coordiated turn the combination of gravity and centrifugal force would change 'downward' and it just seems eventually those pendulous vanes would shift the horizon to no longer be horizontal?? Thanks, and hope you and your family are doing well. :)
So beautifully engineered. I love these mechanical devices. I have mentioned, in your previous videos, that the electronics and software in the pure electronic attitude indicators are sophisticated and clever. But, there is just something about the mechanical devices that make me really appreciate the thought and ingenuity that went into these devices that have been around for decades.
I bet you would like to look inside a modern gyro compass that still works with mechanical gyroscopes and ballistics. Should be very interesting. Sadly those devices are way too expensive to open them for just a look, even for Wolfie.^^
I don´t know but I doubt that. And I mean the whole story. where is the sense in that a flat earther would buy such a sophisticated device? They can´t even handle a Nikon P900. Here is a reference I am speaking of, it has 2 gyroscopes build in: www.raytheon-anschuetz.com/products-solutions/product-range/standard-22-gyro-compass/
Well, it's on Sly Sparkane's most recent video -- _'Response to Jeranism'_ - 39:40 mark -- Shawn Hufford said they raised 25 *_thousand_* dollars in order to buy a piece of equipment that would prove the Earth isn't rotating. I am not sure what it was, some sort of gyroscope. They really did raise that money and they really did the "experiment". I have no doubt they returned it for a full refund if not re-sell it on eBay and pocket the cash between the 3 of them.
Anybody who down votes this video should look in a mirror and ask themselves why. What level of ignorance and sheer stupidity do some people have that they cannot accept an educational video.
Yes but what happens to these pendulums when they are in flight? Do they stay level and how does the flux indicate a direct coralaltion to earth curvature?
I recently heard a flat earther talk about how gyroscopes in planes disprove the globe and I was not able to find a detailed explanation of how plane gyroscopes work. This video was exactly what I was looking for! Thank you so much!
Bit late to the party, but this is basically their whole MO of arguing. Bring up some obscure subject that not many people know about, build your own straw man around it so it sounds plausible and than go "see this is why flat earth makes sense". The one thing that I find fascinating is how elaborate this kind apologetic thinking can get without the person even realizing what they are doing.
@@w1ndf4k3r And that is course the thing, it's not even necessary to know about how the device works to get a pilots license. So they can many times talk to pilots who claims it doesn't have to because to them it's effectively a magic box.
Finaly I understand how exactly those vanes work, I knew they existed and what their purpose was, but it is very instructive to be able to see them at work inside the gyro. Thanks for that. I came across a guy that's called The Righteous Dude, who claims to be a commercial pilot and a "gold seal" flight instructor. And he is a flat earther who claims that airplane gyros "prove" a flat earth and writes vanes as veins and precession as procession btw. Maybe you could persuade him to engage in a discussion with you.
The thing you have to remember is that a force applied at 90° to the error (CW or CCW depends on the direction of rotation of the mass) will cause the gyro to precess in the wanted direction. So blowing air from the bottom of the casing to the right/left will cause a pitch correction. It's neat because no extra mechanical coupling is needed
this has been a very interesting series. i've learnt things. i'm not sure what i am going to do with my new found knowledge of artificial horizons but i am surely the richer for having it. thank you.
I've been looking forward to getting a look inside of this thing. I'm not disappointed, this is very educational and well presented. Thank you Wolfie. If the flat earthers were sincere truth seekers, the question they should be asking is if the gyroscope argument for the FE is wrong, what else is? I doubt they will though.
Heuyen Rolf I posed that very same question directly to an FE commenter on one of Wolfie's other gyro videos. Their claim seems to be that they caught NASA in a lie once so therefore everything from NASA must be a lie. Wolfie has proven that the FE leadership's popular gyro claim is a lie, so will the same logic apply? They must be lying about the whole thing. Of course there was no response.
Does it till 15deg/h (.25deg/min) eastwise when vents are taped 😉 just wandering if it's able to directly observe earth rotation, or some additional modifications are required (balancing etc.)
It's my opinion that since the source, direction and strength of earth's gravity and the density of the air column does not deviate as the aircraft moves forward, the pendulous vanes would never be called to respond in order to adjust the horizon to turn the aircraft nose downward. The pendulous vanes respond to compensate for aerodynamic changes in trim tab, icing conditions or external perturbations of the atmosphere affecting flight attitude or rate of climb or decent. In fact, the uniform downward pull of gravity around the globe should provide conditions no different than flying a plane over a hypothetical flat earth since the gravitational forces would be the same in each case.
Wolfie6020, Can you somehow disable the pendulous vanes, and then run the gyro on one of your flights? It would be interesting too see if it does indicate curvature.
Jason Frost well as was mentioned at the beginning the gyroscope does have a gravity bias because of how it’s built, that’s also a reason that it doesn’t take and hour to align itself
Is it possible to make a time lapse video showing how the earth spins 15 degrees per hour with a gyroscope? I can't find one here on UA-cam. I would be cool to actually see the gyro tilted 15 and 30 degrees after 1 and 2 hours.
this is awesome, thank you. but i'm a bit confused, i thought the gyro is already having tendency to balance by gravity and that how it corrects for earth rotation / flying over the curvature, and that the pendulum vents are designed to prevent the focault effect produced by the lateral / longitudinal forces (uncoordinated yaw and acceleration/deceleration) ... i'm not even sure if i phrased that right !! if i put a nose down, the vents will not be affected since it's hooked to the leveled gyro, but if i deployed spoilers , the mass of the gyro being under it's pivot point will "tend" to cause the gyro to rotate left(or right) but not with the brace arm moving according to the deceleration opening the vent to over come the false roll indication resulting from deceleration
+crowxe. Thanks, that slight tendency to balance alone would cause many errors in flight, it would precess badly in a turn You are right about a constant acceleration causing a false alignment and we learn about those during an IFR rating. They are called "turning and acceleration errors" During the course of a normal flight they are quite minimum. More advance systems have other correcting mechanism to correct the correcting mechanisms during manoeuvres which minimise these errors.
Some AI's have maneuver sensors, essentially accelerometers eg. mercury switches, or even mechanical mechanism that can distinguish between gravitational acceleration and maneuver induced accelerations, so they temporarily disable the erection mechanism during maneuvers. But this requires a gyro where the drift rate without correction is smaller than the error it would produce by the erection mechanism. See here for some such mechanism: Patent describing an erection system, which is responsive to the flow of air for erecting a gyroscope. The erection system includes a plurality of channels having balls disposed therein. The balls are responsive to the gyroscope being tilted from an erect attitude by a first relatively small predetermined angle (0.5°) for rolling in the channels to create an unbalanced flow of air through the erection system, which provides a force to erect the gyro, and are responsive to the gyroscope being tilted by a second relatively large predetermined angle (10°) for rolling in the channels to negate the unbalanced air flow which disables the erection system. Patent US4527439 A, 9. Juli 1985: www.google.com/patents/US4527439 Patent of air driven erection mechanism using an arc shaped gravity pendulum in a case that closes some outled nozzles when out of alignment with the gyro. This produces some unbalance in the forces which erect the gyro. To prevent erection during maneuvers, inertial sensors sense accelerations and turns and activate electromagnets that lock the pendulum in its null position. Patent US1934774 A, 14. Nov. 1933: www.google.com/patents/US1934774 www.google.ch/patents/US2038531
In this video ( ua-cam.com/video/2wfp-IMkN98/v-deo.html ) you will see a description of the Lunar Excursion Module or LEM. You will be shown the instrumentation and given a detailed explanation on how they land it. Jump to 21:00 and watch until approximately 25:00. You will begin hearing the description of an altimeter (and the reason the video author believes it is bogus). I will cut NASA the break of allowing for it to actually be a radar altimeter. . . . My problem is with the Three Axis Attitude Instrument seen at 22:30. This is gyroscopic in nature. Do a little research into them, and you will find that they *must be* 'caged' or set to the horizon while still on the ground. They cannot accurately be set while in flight. In planes, it is actually illegal to do so (because they are then no longer accurate). So this guy is telling you that he will be using this instrument to orient the LEM in relation to the horizon of the MOON, when it was caged or set relative to the horizon of the EARTH. To accurately reflect the horizon of the moon, it would need to be first caged there. Which can't happen until you've actually landed there. So what function can a gyroscopic instrument accurately perform, when it could not possibly be accurately calibrated until *_after_* it landed? Why was it even included in the instrumentation? Let alone, they were obviously alleging it to be critical to piloting the craft. . . As this LEM approached the surface of the moon, the pilot could not possibly know how his craft was oriented in relation to the surface he was attempting to land on. According to their historical account, they saw a boulder strewn crater where they were hoping to land, and instead skimmed over it and landed on the other side. So there was forward motion of the craft and not just vertical motion. Now imagine what it would mean if the LEM was out of proper orientation and leaning too far forward or too far backwards. Remember, it isn't landing on wheels, it is trying to land on four legs. One single mistake, and no rescue mission would be available. . . . What you were show was technological 'smoke and mirrors'. They knew that 99.99 % of humanity would not know or consider these facts. They were baffling their viewers with technological baloney. .
Mephi It’s been a long time since you posted this but I can clear it up for you. The LM didn’t use a basic electromechanical gyro as shown in the video, it used an electronic gyro that fed its data to the guidance computer. The computer knew where the moon was, and knowing the spacecraft’s position using accelerometers and other systems it could automatically tell the guidance computer how to orient the attitude indicator to display the surface of the moon as down. Apollo crews performed several calibrations using the position of stars and ground tracking data from mission control. And all official descriptions of the LM show a radar altimeter.
@@Stefan-gh7xr Exaggeration much? At 30 miles distance, the *maximum* amount hidden below the horizon would be 600 feet. And that's assuming a viewing height of zero and zero atmospheric refraction. With those assumptions the '8 inches x miles-squared' formula works really well, since 30-squared x 8 = 900 x 8 = 7200 (inches) = 600 feet.
I always expected it to be a complex mechanism and when I first heard the name of it, even that sounded confusing. But, thanks to your presentation, it turns out to be surprisingly simple to understand. Thank you!
This is an older video, but maybe it will get an answer: when maneuvering, I understand that the vector "down" is actually tilted due to the force acting to change the airplane direction. From what I saw here, I assume that the equipment will correct to level on this new "composite down" vector. What am I missing?
Don't the pendulous vanes react to centrifugal force when you fly tight curves, loops or barrel rolls? I understand that when you return to normal level flight they will correct according to gravity again..... Are there flight situations in which the self-correcting mechanism would be undesirable? For navigation in space, I presume one would use a gyro system that does not correct for gravity....?
Eric Trumpler they would be affected by those but it takes longer than any high force bank to actually affect the level of the gyro, and after the turn it will readjust to level, and at that point it’s a simple straight path flight
You should try locking the vanes, so all ports are equally covered, effectively disabling the self correction, then fly over the curvature of the Earth.
He wouldn't be able to, pretty much in every country I know of regulations would not allow you to fly an aircraft with a knowingly faulty attitude indicator. He could get in deep shit for doing that.
Such a nice and calm explanation. :) Admit it, your buying telescopes and gyros because you are secretly building a giant robot to take over the world :)
I have collected some patents concerning AI erection systems: Note: all patents have in common, that the induced precession rate to erect the gyro must be greater than any drift rate, but smaller than the rate during maneuvers. Typical erection rates are some degrees per minute. Some of the patents sense whether the aircraft flies a maneuver and turn off or swich to another erection rate during the maneuvers to prevent maneuver acceleration induced false erection (maneuver drifts). Patent of erection mechanism using pendulous vanes in air driven AI's: Patent US2409659 A, 22. Okt. 1946: www.google.com/patents/US2409659 Patent of air driven erection mechanism using an arc shaped gravity pendulum in a case that closes some outled nozzles when out of alignment with the gyro. This produces some unbalance in the forces which erect the gyro. To prevent erection during maneuvers, inertial sensors sense accelerations and turns and activate electromagnets that lock the pendulum in its null position. Patent US1934774 A, 14. Nov. 1933: www.google.com/patents/US1934774 www.google.ch/patents/US2038531 Patent describing an erection system, which is responsive to the flow of air for erecting a gyroscope. The erection system includes a plurality of channels having balls disposed therein. The balls are responsive to the gyroscope being tilted from an erect attitude by a first relatively small predetermined angle (0.5°) for rolling in the channels to create an unbalanced flow of air through the erection system, which provides a force to erect the gyro, and are responsive to the gyroscope being tilted by a second relatively large predetermined angle (10°) for rolling in the channels to negate the unbalanced air flow which disables the erection system. Patent US4527439 A, 9. Juli 1985: www.google.com/patents/US4527439 Patent using mercury switches to sense direction of gravity and using torque motors to erect the gyro. The patent describes an additional system to reduce the erection rate when a flight maneuver is detected. US2972893 A, 28. Febr. 1961: www.google.com.ar/patents/US2972893 Patent using mercury switches to sense direction of gravity and using torque motors to erect the gyro in normal mode. The patent uses an additional mercury switch to detect horizontal acceleration and a spring restrained gyroscope to detect flight maneuvers to switch to pitch/roll erection mode during this maneuvers. US3077787 A, 19. Febr. 1963: www.google.com/patents/US3077787 Patent using mercury switches to sense direction of gravity and rotation about vertical axis, using solenoid to displace masses that induce precession to erect the gyro. The rotaion sensing mercury switches are used to change the precession rate on maneuvers. US2842968 A, 15. Juli 1958: www.google.ch/patents/US2842968 Patent of an erection mechanism using free roling masses in a slowly corotating special cage, deflected by gravity so they produce a torque at the right gymbal to erect the electrical driven gyro in the AI's: US2603095 A, 15. Juli 1952: www.google.ee/patents/US2603095 US3498146 A, 3. März 1970: www.google.tl/patents/US3498146 Patent of an electrical erection system using a gravity sensing pendulum mechanism and torque motors. Erection signals are cut during maneuvers to prevent gyro errors, by sensing translational movements with accelerometers: Patent US2969683 A, 31. Jan. 1961: www.google.co.in/patents/US2969683 Patent of an electrical erection system using a system of a steel ball, moved by gravity, and an arrangement of 4 coils affected by the position of the ball. The position of the ball changes the inductivity of the coils. This change is converted into an electrical signal that drives two torque motors to erect the gyro. US2553268 A, 15. Mai 1951: google.to/patents/US2553268 Patent using pneumatic amplification to create a counter torque to erect a gyro. The sensing device consists of a steel ball, that is positioned by gravity, to open and close small air inlets which when closed produce an amplificated air stream which creates a torque. US3498145 A, 3. März 1970: www.google.com.vc/patents/US3498145 Note: some of the the linked patents are rather old an scanned documents. The scanners did not work properly on some docs, so they are sometimes difficult to read.
I known I'm late to the party, but just wanted to thank you, Wolfie, for this fascinating video. What a wonderful piece of kit! So elegant. Lawrence Sperry was a very clever chap. I wonder if you could adapt one of these so the pendulous vanes were attracted by a magnet rather than gravity. Then you could produce the model the flat earth society keep on demanding. But then, they would seek out some other criticism I'm sure. You have the patience of a saint, mate!
Hmmm, what I like to know is what is the electronic component for? It looks a bit oversized for just providing a stable power supply for the gyroscope motor.
The air vents must be rotated 90° in order to account for precession, right? Pitch vents must be on the sides and roll vents on the front and back. It could not correct just for having the center of gravity slightly lower as you show at the beginning when turned off. without the correction mechanism it would just endlessly wobble instead of correcting. The lower center of gravity gives a good enough starting position without interfering too much with the correction mechanism.
The air vents are at the right position. The direction a gyroscope will move if you apply a force is 90° off to that force. Here is the experiment done by Dustin from Smarter Every Day: ua-cam.com/video/eTjGTxSevHE/v-deo.html
So, someone else asked the same question and that was Wolfies answer: The port that opens will result in correction at 90 degrees to the direction of the Port. That is due to Gyroscopic Precession. It will respond at 90 degrees to the force applied. This animation explains it nicely. ua-cam.com/video/_MoS5Yw9ZgE/v-deo.html
Thank you, was struggling to understand the flerfer argument on Giros and I think this answers it perfectly as the pendulous vanes are why gravity DOES affect a giro in a plane!
Wolfie, a vid on Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) might be enlightening. While the artificial horizon does its job by correcting to align with the earth's gravity; the gyros in an INS do their job by NOT correcting, thus showing HOW FAR AROUND THE CURVE OF THE EARTH the pilot has flown.Might be difficult to explain so that a "flat" can understand, but you can do it if anyone can.
It is assumed that the gyro is self-correcting by 'gravity' acting upon the pendulous vanes as an aircraft circles the earth. A demonstration of what would happen in that eventuality is useless if that is not actually happening. Can you see the assumption? If the pilot is actually flying over a flat plain, then the gyro would behave exactly as it does when you believe you are flying around a curve. . . There are those that claim that 'gravity' automatically keeps an aircraft in the flight at the same relative altitude as it fly's around the curvature. My only question to them is: Does it also keep the wings level, so that one doesn't dip below the other? After their wheels stop spinning and they admit that it doesn't, then I point out it doesn't keep those two points between the nose and tail level either. The pilot *must* do those things. Gravity could care less if it's level or about to crash. . . . There is a solution to this debate. Use electronic and video means to establish that what you believe is happening, is actually happening during a long distance flight. Those vanes *_should be_* opening repeatedly and frequently in the same direction, to correct for the beginning of any misalignment of the gyro due to a reorientation of the center of gravity. Wolfie only needs to show that what he believes is happening is actually happening. Knowing the alignment of the AI (and the gyro in it), we should be able to predetermine which ports SHOULD BE repeatedly opening. .
Gee, Mephi, I wanted to leave all the grunt work to Wolfie, but you won't let me, so here goes. The artificial horizon (or attitude Indicator, -- AI) proves nothing: neither flat earth nor curved. The AI's gyro remains level, which is what both "Flats" and "Globes" expect. However, Flats think that, because the gyro remains level during a long flight, it debunks the globe. And that's why Wolfie had to take the trouble to explain that, actually, a bit of ingenuity (the pendulous vanes) was required to get the gyro to realign itself with the local force of gravity, and that the AI doesn't debunk the globe after all, and we're back to Square One. That's where my idea about the Inertial Navigation System (INS) comes in. Nowadays INS has been replaced with GPS, and even late-model INS units worked with electronics or lasers; but the first models (1960s) worked with actual, physical, mechanical gyroscopes. To use them, you would first spin them up, and then enter the plane's initial position into the unit. Then, as the flight progressed, the changing tilt of the gyroscopes (three of 'em, one for each axis) would tell the unit how much of the earth the plane had flown around, and thus where the plane was. Simplistically, one could say a gyroscope whose axis was initially vertical, after a flight around a quarter (90°) of the globe -- from Hamburg to Rio, let's say -- would be horizontal. This was a big deal at the time, and permitted those wonderful B-747 Jumbos to fly long, transoceanic routes beyond the range of radar and of reliable radio communication. It worked well. (Earlier, airliners had to use celestial navigation when they were out over the ocean.) So here we have a gyroscope which maintains its position in space; and what is more, by measuring the change in the gyroscope's orientation, you can reliably tell where the plane is. Gravity doesn't enter into it. At all. And to me, it looks like this is a pretty good proof that the earth is a globe. But Mephi, while I've got your attention: actually, gravity DOES play a large role in keeping an aircraft at a given altitude as it flies around the globe. And gravity DOES play a large role in keeping a plane's wings level. Now, I can't write you a primer of aeronautical design right here, but you can look it up online. What you want is the chapter on STABILITY: stability in PITCH and stability in ROLL. The mechanisms aircraft designers use to make an aircraft STABLE on the pitch and roll axes wouldn't work without gravity. In PITCH, if a plane descends (falls), it goes faster. Aircraft designers configure the plane's wings and horizontal tail so that the increase in speed that comes from falling (gravity) will cause the nose to rise slightly, counteracting the descent. If a plane climbs, the opposite happens: gravity slows the plane and the nose drops, bringing it back to altitude. In the ROLL axis, stability is managed through wing dihedral (angling the wings slightly upwards). It's a bit more complicated to visualize, so check the internet -- but you should know that this dihedral effect is totally dependent on the force of gravity,
So if I get what you're saying, we currently lack the technology to prove that what you claim is happening with those pendulous vanes, is actually happening. That it is simply impossible, at this time, to determine if those vanes are repeatedly and predictably opening (as "gravity" would cause them to)? Go back and examine what I said. I said that the debate could be settled through the use of electronic or video means. Yes, light sources and cameras can be very tiny. Use them to *_SHOW_* the vanes working or not working. If what you say is happening, is actually happening, then prove that it is. That's not unreasonable. . . . Now, the gravity keeping your plane at a given altitude. In order for what you said to be the case, the 'Angle of Attack' of those flight surfaces would have to lowered. Gravity does not stop an aircraft (traveling at sufficient speed), from climbing when its' angle of attack is increased. Nor does the ground falling away below an aircraft suck it downward. A plane can fly over a mountain and continue on in straight flight. A plane flying over a curved earth can continue to fly in the same straight level manner. You are pretending as though the gravitational pull of the earth is so strong that the aircraft will behave as if it were tied to a string; remaining fixed at the same altitude. If that were actually true, then a pilot could not intentional bank his aircraft. That strong 'gravitational force' would keep his wingtips at an equal distance from the earth. However, we know that gravity does not resist this. Nor does it resist the nose rising above the tail. . . . So, setting aside theoretical claims: "Gravity" is not going to stop a pilot from noticing the surface of the earth curving exponentially downward away from him. It is not going to keep his wing tips at an equal distance from the ground below him. It is not going to keep the nose of his aircraft from rising; nor pull it downward so his plane remains level over a curve. It isn't magical, and it doesn't "care" about him. Regarding much of what you stated in your last paragraph: Study "LIFT" and "PRESSURE" in relation to these aircraft surfaces. When there is more pressure on one side of the wings surface then on the other, then that wing is lifted upward. When the shape of the wing are altered, the pressures on each side of it are also altered. .
Wolfie showed the vanes and how they work. So what you are now demanding is a real-time, in-flight demonstration of an operating AI? It could be done, I suppose, but it's a lot of effort to go to just to preserve poor, misguided you from error. In fact, hell naw, you're the one that's trying to prove your point by saying that the AI doesn't work the way Wolfie said; so it's up to you to prove Wolfie wrong. Good luck. As for the other stuff, before you try go off the deep end AGAIN -- and, yeah, I've heard a thing or two about lift and pressure -- please read up on stability like I asked you to, and the means that aircraft designers have developed to achieve it. Then ask yourself how those means would work without gravity. Fact is, they wouldn't. My suggestion: you should get out a little more. Go take a couple of flying lessons. It's fun, and you might learn something.
What Wolfie showed, was how the vanes were _believed_ to be working. He has demonstrated that _IF there were_ a changing reference to a center of gravity actually experienced as an aircraft passed around a curved earth, then the vanes would likely be effected by that gravitational force. He did _NOT PROVE_ that the theory of gravity is true. He did _NOT PROVE_ that what he says is happening inside an Artificial Horizon, is actually happening. It's not up to me to "prove Wolfie wrong" when it is easy to prove his demonstration is based upon assumptions, and therefore his conclusions are simply his beliefs. I don't have to prove what exists only in his head as being wrong, when I can prove that at this point it is only occurring theoretically. Nice try though. . . *You the ducked the point, that either numerous continual slight changes to the course of the aircraft need to be made to navigate the curve (that you believe is there), or fewer (but greater and more noticeable) changes need to be made. There's no way around that. It's one or the other; pick your poison.* Also, regarding your point about stability being designed to be dictated by gravity: please explain how temperature variances and atmospheric density can change the force of gravity; because we know that an aircraft's flight and maneuverability is effected by temperature, humidity, and altitude (atmospheric density). .
0:20sec in I can already tell you that the gyro is based and operates due to 6deg of freedom. On a moving sphere the frequency at with the axis change orientation is huge but that does not mean that the sphere inside the instrument represents a sphere It can only be observed as two hemispheres. One on which we live and one through which we fly. In short, earth is half of a sphere called hemisphere. 11-20-2018 Matthijn Cornelis Bijman
I may have missed it but could you clarify the amount of correction applied during normal operation. Obviously the instrument will show a climb or dive and a turn in either direction.
+SqueakerAlpha. The until will be constantly correcting but there will be very little error ever as it corrects immediately any tiny deviation is sensed. It is correcting to "true level" which is independent of the orientation of the case of the gyro. Yes it will show climbs and dives and turns reliably. Even if you held a steady climb for 30 minutes it would be correctly showing the climb because the gyro is levelling to "level" and not the climb attitude of the gyro. In a long steady turn you can get more errors as the apparent G is no different to real G (as centrifugal force is not present) so the gyro might misalign slowly to the turn. There are ways to prevent that in some gyros - ie. when they sense higher than 1 g they turn the correct mechanisms off ( over simplified explanation.) I'll cover that in another video.
thanks , I knew the instrument corrected itself but never had a good explanation of how that worked. So the gyro itself stays "level" at all times , and its the orientation of the instrument that shows the pitch or roll .
So if I understand it what is going on is that once you change the attitude of the gyro it will display the fact that the attitude has changed and then very slowly it will correct it self back to level. So that if you were in a long steady turn the gyro is going to display the fact that you are in the turn but over time is going slowly forget that fact and suggest that you are flying straight. But this does not matter because during practical use you never have the aircraft in such a situation for long enough for it to make a difference.
What about temporarily taping up the air ports responsible for pitch correction, and then pointing the unit East/West, and doing a 6 hour time lapse? Would the unit be accurate enough to pick out the rotation of the earth from whatever natural background drift it has? Might be a fun experiment to try? If it's accurate enough, it might be repeatable in the other axis too. Or maybe I'm missing something? You'd then be able to extend this series from not only showing that Artificial Horizons *don't* prove a flat earth, but go even further and show that they prove a rotating earth! As is usually the case with flat earth evidence that stopped asking "why" too soon. The Apollo equivalent of this artificial horizon (FDAI) had no gyros or gravity sensing of its own, and instead received a digital output from the computer, which itself kept attitude alignment relative to the stars, rather than any "down" gravity vector. When orbiting the earth or the moon, they'd fire the RCS jets just once to induce a pitch rotation in the spacecraft so that it would do a full turn in the same time it took to complete one orbit, so as to constantly keep nose forward, and the windows "down" towards the surface they were orbiting (as well as keeping the sextant and telescope out into space), and in order to keep the test pilots who may be forced to take manual control happy, and with no time to redesign the computer which only cared about alignment relative to the stars, they had to fudge a piggy back system called ORDEAL (Orbital Rate Display Earth And Lunar / Orbital Rate Drive Electronics for Apollo and LM) to manually rotate their artificial horizon at the same rate the spacecraft was rotating, so that they could see where the ground was at all times. As a pilot and not a computer scientist, I guess you might understand their insistence on this bit of inelegant tacked on electronics! So this is why these "dumb" analogue artificial horizons need to self correct for the curvature of the earth. And they do so in a pretty genius way shown in this video that I'd never have predicted. Without it they could potentially show that we're essentially in our own ground speed "orbit" through 24 hours.
Wouldn't the pendulous vanes correct for any intentional roll or pitch of the aircraft and nullify the indication which the pilot counts on to know the current spacial orientation of his craft? Also, wouldn't any acceleration (in any spacial direction) fool the vanes since they rely on gravity to center their mass (under a static conditions)? like having a level, if you accelerate forward, the bubble would move backwards misleading the observer.
In another video he shows the self-correcting is about 1 degree per minute. So you would have to have sustained acceleration in order to keep forcing the gyro out of alignment. So flying in a banked circle would cause 1 degree per minute of misalignment towards the outside of the banking (assuming you're causing 1G of centrifugal force). But that would then self-correct once you levelled off. You can try the same thing in your car with a pendulum. When you accelerate, the pendulum swings to the back of the car due to the acceleration, but then once the velocity is constant the pendulum re-aligns with gravity.
usually for calibrating to pitch. remember the exact direction an aircraft nose points isn't the direction the aircraft will necessarily be traveling in.
I understand why you make Flat Earth debunking videos. You were born to do so. Australian, Pilot, Avid Skywatcher, and clearly a very solid technical/engineering background. It was in your destiny to be THE master debunker of Flat Earth.
If you've gotten more Flat earthers recently it may be because I spent some time in the 24h ODD Tv FE livestream telling people about your channel. They called you a shill...Lmfao.
The suite of skills, knowledge and intelligence to create that machine alone is staggering. It would be interesting to see the evolution of the invention.
For anyone who wants further info on how these things work, I recommend this short documentary: (This is for a fully mechanical version) ua-cam.com/video/ykwJI-7W-c4/v-deo.html
Absolutely fantastic video! Thank you for doing this and showing how they work. It's one of the few videos anywhere that I could find. Next one you should do and show a time-lapse for is the gyro compass indicator. My understanding is those do not have any correcting mechanisms and do in fact move with the spin of the earth and pilots have to realign them with the magnetic compass during a long flight. I could be wrong, but that is my understanding. Showing a timelapse of that of that with another compass next to it being stationary would be a huge blow to the flatearthers... I can't wait to see their excuses for that one... Great work again!
How is it prevented, that the pendulous vanes align the AI to the resultant G-force in a continued turn ? Wouldn't they cause to show the AI level after a looooong turn ?
So for this to actually adjust, wouldnt there have to be a dip in the nose of a plane or in a motor vehicle somewhere? If im driving over miles and miles of flat desert when would my car actually go down hill to adjust for horizon changes? Can you see the gyro actually move from the reading side? What about airplanes. Does the nose ever dip in flight? Even during landing?
Pro Athletes in HS viral vids the nose does not need to dip outside of descent, because of the way gravity affects the entire plane it curves the plane as well as the air it is in
@@TheNinthGeneration1 based off what evidence? You need theory to explain theory. Thats like me saying, go read the bible to learn about the "facts" of religion. Hows it explained by observation or science. Not assumptions based off assumptions. Im jist pointing out that a plane doesnt ever nose down during a flight to achieve the motions he has to create eith his hsnd. Bending air, bending planes just sounds like fairytales
Pro Athletes in HS viral vids I accept gravity and the heliocentric model due to the fact that it agrees with every observation I have made over the past 6 years of study in astrophysics
Pro Athletes in HS viral vids I have seen stars being moved by gravitational lensing around our sun during solar eclipses that perfectly align with what is predicted in relativity, I have seen gravitational lensing of galaxies, I have planed certain flight paths for satellites along side other colleagues, and I have tested both the eotvos effect and have built many Foucault pendulums at different latitudes during years where I studied abroad or worked at for coops, I have also performed the cavendish experiment multiple times and the result always matches within a reasonable error margin
@@TheNinthGeneration1 which are? Predicting the night sky is like predicting what time its gonna be in 12hrs. You wasted 6 yrs. Thats why you cant let it go. Completely indoctrinated. That field contributes nothing tangible to society. Never has, never will.
So what will happen if the pendulous vanes are disabled for a fix amount of time... would the gyro then be able to show the rotation of the earth given there are no other external forces?
The answer is actually yes..... in earlier aircraft that used gyroscopic axis indicators that lacked this correcting mechanism this it was required to periodical cage the gyro to fix precession errors. In fact, you would have to attain level flight and cage the gyro the first time just to correct from precession caused by takeoff accelleration. these AI's were massively prone to errors prior to the introduction of pendulous vanes.
Wolfie, please do a test that disables the vanes and alows the gyro to rotate with the earth rotation. can you, will you do this? many flat earthers will enjoy that!! ;)
I am a lapsed student pilot... I miss the sound of gyros powering up, and also the sound as they power down after you finish a flight. Outside of being valuable info to counter flat earth nonsense, this video was just fun to watch and learn. I wish I could make Wolfie my flight instructor! I had a retired American Airlines international captain as an instructor for a brief time and he was awesome...more preferable than the typical young buck building his hours as CFI.
plinn2112 Ah yes the sound of the gyro. I was usually the last man off the plane - a G2. So it was always a serious check "dark cockpit", or I'd be in big trouble. And often enough I'd hear the emergency battery driven gyro still running. So I'd pause before getting of the make sure dark and quiet.
What would be interesting to know is how much the lower air pressure in flight influences this (and maybe even after cabin pressure loss) and how much the automatic alignment correction maligns for the most extreme maneuver you could fly (e.g. a constant acceleration into one direction)
Wolfie6020 I was basing that on the placement of the vanes and what I remembered of gyroscopic precession. Glad I remembered a bit of physics from school.
What I don't understand is why you would want a precision instrument to compensate at all? Perhaps there is a problem with your aircraft forcing it to fly a few degrees off level, isn't the point of the instrument to alert you to this reality, not compensate for it and effectively hide it?
A bit late but: A mechanical gyro can not have 0 drift. No matter how precise and low friction you build it. Friction on the bearings will cause gryo to drift, then as mentioned curvature of the earth would also contribute in ever so slightly. Any sort of vibrations also speed up drift. So a gyroscope drift is an expected behavior which needs to be automatically corrected, and is not an unexpected issue that needs to worry the pilot. Oh and even digital gyros experience drift, this is why the digital gyros are almost always used in combination with an accelerator
M Goudsmits 金马桥 The vanes swing freely within a preset range of travel, so they will always try to point straight down. If the body the vanes are attached to is not also pointing straight down there will be a difference in the size of opening of the air ports for one or both pairs which will drive the gyro body to align itself with down. Once that happens, all 4 air openings will be the same size and the correcting force will cease until something causes another misalignment. Edit: they will always try to point in the perceived direction of down - might not match the actual direction of down when subjected to any acceleration
Wolfie Brilliant explanation, I recently threw out my old turn and slip, and replaced it with a turn coordinator. The subtle differences are really fascinating, it seems to be a cross between the turn and slip and the artificial horizons roll function.
+oliver styles, Thanks, yes you will notice a difference in the turn coordinator as it has the gyro tilted just slightly so that the roll actually causes an initial movement the direction of the turn. It is a much nicer instrument to fly limited panel with.
Unless the airflow doubles as cooling for the motor and bearings, simply covering the inlet holes may well do a sufficient job of disabling the erector system without risking damage to any of the delicate parts. You seem to have a few options of non-destructive disabling available to you. That gyro is a nice unit. You should get a Bell helicopter to go around it.
+Fudmottin. I would love that helicpter. I tried it with a piece of tape across the vanes - at the junction so they are centered and don't move. Just need to balance it better and test it more in different directions. It wanders around in pitch and roll now.
There's probably an imbalance in the airflow. You can have the gyro statically balanced but still have a dynamic imbalance. I have that problem with a large gyro that I've been experimenting with.
Very nice, educational and concise video. Great fun! It was great to see the pendulous vanes in action again (I have watched other videos of yours showing them), and I was particularly interested in the neutral position where opposing vents are half covered and the structure of the asymmetrical metal link between opposing vanes as I had thought previously they independently dangled. I am glad you mentioned the issue of precession which interests me and the errors it can introduce errors to some direction indicators though not to the artificial horizon which as you say corrects for precession effects.
i guess you clearly would mind to disassemble that thing further, wolfie. thing is: i need to know how on earth they got the bearings running so smoothly in that thing, as an engineer i'm absolutely stunned by such built quality. utterly informative vid anyway, well appreciated. keep up the good work.
+ferze001. I originally bought this unit to strip it right down but it runs like a dream so I am now reluctant to "break it" I'll try to find a cheap "non working" model and pull that one fully apart in the future. There is zero vibration on this when it is running. You can't feel a thing. Just the sound.
+wolfie how expensive are these things? ... i could look myself. anyhow, i do enjoy this sort of examination of hardware. so my vote is for tearing it to pieces too. :D
"There is zero vibration on this when it is running. You can't feel a thing. Just the sound." And most of the sound probably comes simply from the air being moved through the holes in the actual gyroscopic weight... like a toy plane propellor or something in that size/rpm region...
Wolfie6020 Locking the vanes & running this unit would give the impression earth is stationary, (you should get 15 degrees per/hour reading change if the earth rotates),... regrettably because this gyro diameter is small & this unit has a natural gravity bias, all you will read is bearing drift/precession, even so, if you think it is a precision instrument you may need to change your views on spinning earth theory. Balancing the central gyro mass axis is important for real results, not just balancing the static weight. Space type gyro's should be triple axis zero point spinning mass GoG(no gravity bias). The bigger the diameter plus weight/speed = greater accuracy. Of the helio or geocentric theories, gyros are possibly the most compelling evidence for stationary earth that i have seen thus far. I would love to put a space type gyro on a plane from Perth(Aust) to Japan, if you don't get a 90 degree axis change on 1 of the gimbals then earth is flat right?. cheers
next step, disabling Pendulous vanes with all self-correcting mechanism or taking simple gyro in aircraft and showing that curvatare really makes apparent drift
Interesting video, I didn't realize it was just a simple Gyro with mechanical alignment. I was expecting lots of electronics and fluid level sensing switches.
Wait... so all it takes to debunk these flat-earths is to have a faulty artificial horizon, with the vanes jammed, and go on plane trip to see the indicator sway from the true horizon?
Yeah, that was hilarious. The suckered their cult members out of $25,000 to purchase it, and much to their horror it ended up demonstrating the rotation of the Earth. So, like good flattards, instead of admitting they were wrong and accepting the obvious results of their own experiment, they pulled some shit about the "aether" out of their asses to maintain their lies (their income) from their brainless zombie followers. Pathetic cretins.
Many thanks Wolfie, I currently have a flat earther who claims to have worked on autopilot and compass systems on the B52... not sure how much I believe that... and he claims that the earth is flat because of gyros. I must admit my knowledge of gyros isn't exactly encyclopaedic so I was glad to find your detailed explanation... which I shall forward to my flat earth friend (who claims I am a fraud because of my aerospace background but am sure we shall go on to become firm friends lol).
time would be irrelevant to that, you would need to exert a particular amount of constant force. The amount of force would create the error, not the time at a speed. I've done the math before, you would need to be at around mach 2 in a 15 degree bank. to generate the required force for the error you want to see.
+Soundly Thanks, I don't seem to get notifications either and only saw your comment now. It seems like I get notifications for only 5% of the comments posted on this channel. No idea why.
Keeps it flat and level. By your argument any adjustment in pitch is going to allow the self correcting units to bring it" back.to level No matter what the condition is" ? The air ports are for air pressure. You need air pressure for precession. No air pressure no precession. The unit needs to ensure pressure is available. In the dash, in its housing, in its designed case to.lumit air flow, a certain pressure is required for operation. It's a design function. By your argument air pressure overcomes gravity now that's an interesting concept.
The correcting force is sufficiently low that the unit will adequately and accurately display roll/pitch deviations during normal manoeuvers. The alignment process, on first uncaging the AI, can take several minutes. The gyroscope generates the airflow which, by means of the vanes covering/uncovering slots in the gyro housing. Airflow through these slots generates an aerodynamic force. Because the vanes hang vertically, it's only deviations of the housing from the vertical that result in the correcting force.
Things that make you go ... hmmmmm. So I assume it would act this way on a flat earth as well?????? How will you be able to determine the shape of the plane below that you are flying over.?
+frolnek "How would you be able to determine the shape of the ground below you?" Not with a mechanical gyro. That's all that Wolfie set out to prove - that aircraft mechanical/electric gyros DO NOT provide evidence for a flat earth as the FEs claim. For that you need a different instrument, such as a laser ring gyro. Which, of course, proves the earth is round and rotates.
+calmistheway. Did you find this video confusing? This video is not to prove the spin of the Earth, it was to prove what Flat Earthers claim about the Artificial Horizon is incorrect. I have seen Flat Earthers claim that they do not contain correcting mechanisms - clearly they do. I have also seem them claim the Artificial Horizon remaining level is evidence of a Flat Earth, it is not and this video proves why. I have already proven the spin of the Earth by testing the Eotvos effect. That is really easy to do. I bought the Super precision Gyroscope at the request of one Flat Earthers, It was a waste of money because it is just a toy and totally unsuitable for measuring the Earth's rotation. The bearing friction is way too much.
Well you have proven nothing about anything. Anyone busy with critical thinking can see that. Did you get scared when the gyro didnt move over time? is that why its "just a toy".. LMAO.
+Stiggy, yes the Eotvos effect proves it. I have not tested that with a gyro yet. I bought the Super Precision gyro because FE were raving about it. But is a toy, nothing more. When I find a suitable high quality gyro I will test it with a gyro.
+calmistheway. Why would I get scared when I know the Earth is a Globe from 30+ years of actually seeing curvature and flying around the Earth many times? You proceed on many false assumptions. I would not be scared at all if any of my evidence supported a Flat Earth. On the contrary, I would find it very intriguing and would report it honestly. I don't care about the Globe, I only care about the Truth. If FE was the truth I would be making videos about it. So please explain what I should be "scared of" It is a toy because it is a toy and clearly the Flat Earthers who love it have not worked with high quality equipment as I have. Here is the video proving it is a toy. My Drone motors are far better quality. ua-cam.com/video/Du8Vo7cNujI/v-deo.html
+Stiggy You can't even spell Eotvos mate. Seriously, the first time I let it go as a typo but you did it again and again. Eotvos with an O after the E. It makes you look dumb when you spell it wrong repeatedly. Why not try the Eotvos effect yourself. Make a video about it instead of just being another armchair critic. Clearly you haven't "got it" at all because you are still believing a silly scam.
So, you're telling me that as the plane turns, the artificial horizon stays in place and the gyroscope realigns to level instead of the plane realigning as to bring the artificial horizon level with gyroscope, as to where it was spun up? Sounds pretty stupid didn't it. I'm positive that anyone that thinks this video shows that a gyroscope corrects itself for curvature doesn't have a clue as to how they work. THE GYROSCOPE IS PERMANENTLY FIXED TO THE LEVEL IT IS SPUN UP, THE PLANE CORRECTS ITSELF. All he is doing is throwing it off and it realigns to the position it was spun up. Give me a break.
It would be convincing to see this in action inside an airplane in flight. Can you take this AH device into the cockpit and spin it up and video it in action? That way when flying over the curvature of the earth we could the self correction.
+Nicky Jamesy. No, quite the opposite. Perhaps you still don't understand what I was demonstrating here. Flat Earthers state the gyro is rigid in space. Totally wrong. Flat Earthers have also stated these instruments don't have correcting mechanisms. - again totally wrong. Flat Earthers don't understand how these instruments work and some of them tell lies about them. Watch it again and if you still don't get it let me know and I'll explain it to you. The correcting mechanisms means it works just fine on a globe and will always appear level to the pilots even flying around the Globe.
This is fken genius. So basically. Take this on a plane, open it up and look for it to correct every 8 minutes, if it doesn't, FLAT EARTH, if it corrects EVERY 8 minutes the it's a GLOBE. Thank You. So easy like taking candy from a baby.
It's been a long time since I learned so much in ten minutes. Thank you very much, Wolfie.
+John Michaelson - Thanks John, I appreciate that, It was much easier to explain this with a video than with words. I should have made this video long ago.
i do like a good break down video. i think it would be great fun to see a whole airplane disassembled this way. i'm sure wolfie's employers wouldn't mind as long as he put it back together properly. :D
Someone's sarcasm meter wasn't powered on.
Great video! I’ve always known of pendulous vanes but I’ve never seen how they actually work. Makes a ton of sense! Thanks!
In 1991 I was doing my private pilots licence in Texas and I posed the question in class that the attutude indicator should deviate due to the Earths rotation, the flying instructor and all the other students thought I was crazy. After the class another instructor who was listening told me I was correct but that "graviational vanes" supplied a very slight constant correction, he hadn't wanted to embarress the other flying instructor in fron of the class who didn't seem to know about this.
вот поэтому аргументы "мне пилот сказал что самолеты летают по гироскопу и он никуда не уходит" ничего не стоят. достаточно просто взять любой авиагоризонт и посмотреть. хоть в живую, хоть в интернете
Know this is an older video, and I understood how they work. But something came up and I couldn't find the answer, so thought I'd ask you Wolfie, my favorite source of all things aviation. If you go into a proper 'two-minute' turn and continue for a few minutes flying around and around, would the pendulous vanes start to be 'fooled' by the constant banking? I mean, a properly coordiated turn the combination of gravity and centrifugal force would change 'downward' and it just seems eventually those pendulous vanes would shift the horizon to no longer be horizontal??
Thanks, and hope you and your family are doing well. :)
So beautifully engineered. I love these mechanical devices. I have mentioned, in your previous videos, that the electronics and software in the pure electronic attitude indicators are sophisticated and clever. But, there is just something about the mechanical devices that make me really appreciate the thought and ingenuity that went into these devices that have been around for decades.
I bet you would like to look inside a modern gyro compass that still works with mechanical gyroscopes and ballistics. Should be very interesting.
Sadly those devices are way too expensive to open them for just a look, even for Wolfie.^^
+Meeborg GP Is that the device that Globebusters raised an eye-watering 25 _thousand_ dollars for?
I don´t know but I doubt that. And I mean the whole story.
where is the sense in that a flat earther would buy such a sophisticated device? They can´t even handle a Nikon P900.
Here is a reference I am speaking of, it has 2 gyroscopes build in:
www.raytheon-anschuetz.com/products-solutions/product-range/standard-22-gyro-compass/
Well, it's on Sly Sparkane's most recent video -- _'Response to Jeranism'_ - 39:40 mark -- Shawn Hufford said they raised 25 *_thousand_* dollars in order to buy a piece of equipment that would prove the Earth isn't rotating. I am not sure what it was, some sort of gyroscope.
They really did raise that money and they really did the "experiment". I have no doubt they returned it for a full refund if not re-sell it on eBay and pocket the cash between the 3 of them.
LOL, the whole story sounds highly suspicious.
The timestamp you gave leads me to a part about star trails....
Anybody who down votes this video should look in a mirror and ask themselves why. What level of ignorance and sheer stupidity do some people have that they cannot accept an educational video.
Yes but what happens to these pendulums when they are in flight? Do they stay level and how does the flux indicate a direct coralaltion to earth curvature?
Flerfs
I’ve spend days looking for this information, thanks for the comprehensive explanation.
I recently heard a flat earther talk about how gyroscopes in planes disprove the globe and I was not able to find a detailed explanation of how plane gyroscopes work.
This video was exactly what I was looking for!
Thank you so much!
Bit late to the party, but this is basically their whole MO of arguing. Bring up some obscure subject that not many people know about, build your own straw man around it so it sounds plausible and than go "see this is why flat earth makes sense". The one thing that I find fascinating is how elaborate this kind apologetic thinking can get without the person even realizing what they are doing.
@@w1ndf4k3r And that is course the thing, it's not even necessary to know about how the device works to get a pilots license. So they can many times talk to pilots who claims it doesn't have to because to them it's effectively a magic box.
Finaly I understand how exactly those vanes work, I knew they existed and what their purpose was, but it is very instructive to be able to see them at work inside the gyro. Thanks for that.
I came across a guy that's called The Righteous Dude, who claims to be a commercial pilot and a "gold seal" flight instructor. And he is a flat earther who claims that airplane gyros "prove" a flat earth and writes vanes as veins and precession as procession btw. Maybe you could persuade him to engage in a discussion with you.
+Frank de Brouwer pendulus warrior veins! ua-cam.com/video/Q46l70mNmCw/v-deo.html
Requiem4a3Am: At least the guy makes more sense than the average FE-er. And of course: he shows the real veins! ;-)
hehe yes
The thing you have to remember is that a force applied at 90° to the error (CW or CCW depends on the direction of rotation of the mass) will cause the gyro to precess in the wanted direction. So blowing air from the bottom of the casing to the right/left will cause a pitch correction. It's neat because no extra mechanical coupling is needed
A flat earther taking part in a debate? That will be the day...
Not at all what I was imagining the pendulous vanes as being like. But then, I only first read the phrase on this channel a few days ago. Fascinating!
this has been a very interesting series. i've learnt things. i'm not sure what i am going to do with my new found knowledge of artificial horizons but i am surely the richer for having it. thank you.
I've flown behind these things for years, but never knew how the self-alignment bit worked. Thanks, Wolfie, great video.
Wolfie, you need to host a new season of How It Works. Great Educational video!
I've been looking forward to getting a look inside of this thing. I'm not disappointed, this is very educational and well presented. Thank you Wolfie.
If the flat earthers were sincere truth seekers, the question they should be asking is if the gyroscope argument for the FE is wrong, what else is? I doubt they will though.
Heuyen Rolf
I posed that very same question directly to an FE commenter on one of Wolfie's other gyro videos.
Their claim seems to be that they caught NASA in a lie once so therefore everything from NASA must be a lie. Wolfie has proven that the FE leadership's popular gyro claim is a lie, so will the same logic apply? They must be lying about the whole thing. Of course there was no response.
Does it till 15deg/h (.25deg/min) eastwise when vents are taped 😉 just wandering if it's able to directly observe earth rotation, or some additional modifications are required (balancing etc.)
The presision of the mechanism is amazing but the simplicity of how it works is even better.
Great stuff. Really interesting to see inside!
It's my opinion that since the source, direction and strength of earth's gravity and the density of the air column does not deviate as the aircraft moves forward, the pendulous vanes would never be called to respond in order to adjust the horizon to turn the aircraft nose downward. The pendulous vanes respond to compensate for aerodynamic changes in trim tab, icing conditions or external perturbations of the atmosphere affecting flight attitude or rate of climb or decent. In fact, the uniform downward pull of gravity around the globe should provide conditions no different than flying a plane over a hypothetical flat earth since the gravitational forces would be the same in each case.
Lovely video Wolfie. I was unaware that you'd made this lovely explanation of pendulous veins and self leveling. 👍
Wolfie6020, Can you somehow disable the pendulous vanes, and then run the gyro on one of your flights? It would be interesting too see if it does indicate curvature.
Jason Frost well as was mentioned at the beginning the gyroscope does have a gravity bias because of how it’s built, that’s also a reason that it doesn’t take and hour to align itself
Is it possible to make a time lapse video showing how the earth spins 15 degrees per hour with a gyroscope? I can't find one here on UA-cam. I would be cool to actually see the gyro tilted 15 and 30 degrees after 1 and 2 hours.
this is awesome, thank you. but i'm a bit confused, i thought the gyro is already having tendency to balance by gravity and that how it corrects for earth rotation / flying over the curvature, and that the pendulum vents are designed to prevent the focault effect produced by the lateral / longitudinal forces (uncoordinated yaw and acceleration/deceleration) ... i'm not even sure if i phrased that right !!
if i put a nose down, the vents will not be affected since it's hooked to the leveled gyro, but if i deployed spoilers , the mass of the gyro being under it's pivot point will "tend" to cause the gyro to rotate left(or right) but not with the brace arm moving according to the deceleration opening the vent to over come the false roll indication resulting from deceleration
+crowxe. Thanks, that slight tendency to balance alone would cause many errors in flight, it would precess badly in a turn You are right about a constant acceleration causing a false alignment and we learn about those during an IFR rating. They are called "turning and acceleration errors"
During the course of a normal flight they are quite minimum. More advance systems have other correcting mechanism to correct the correcting mechanisms during manoeuvres which minimise these errors.
Some AI's have maneuver sensors, essentially accelerometers eg. mercury switches, or even mechanical mechanism that can distinguish between gravitational acceleration and maneuver induced accelerations, so they temporarily disable the erection mechanism during maneuvers. But this requires a gyro where the drift rate without correction is smaller than the error it would produce by the erection mechanism.
See here for some such mechanism:
Patent describing an erection system, which is responsive to the flow of air for erecting a gyroscope. The erection system includes a plurality of channels having balls disposed therein. The balls are responsive to the gyroscope being tilted from an erect attitude by a first relatively small predetermined angle (0.5°) for rolling in the channels to create an unbalanced flow of air through the erection system, which provides a force to erect the gyro, and are responsive to the gyroscope being tilted by a second relatively large predetermined angle (10°) for rolling in the channels to negate the unbalanced air flow which disables the erection system.
Patent US4527439 A, 9. Juli 1985:
www.google.com/patents/US4527439
Patent of air driven erection mechanism using an arc shaped gravity pendulum in a case that closes some outled nozzles when out of alignment with the gyro. This produces some unbalance in the forces which erect the gyro. To prevent erection during maneuvers, inertial sensors sense accelerations and turns and activate electromagnets that lock the pendulum in its null position.
Patent US1934774 A, 14. Nov. 1933:
www.google.com/patents/US1934774
www.google.ch/patents/US2038531
Pendulous veins are a pain in the arse. But not as much as flat earthers.
lol... i see what you did there. :)
In this video ( ua-cam.com/video/2wfp-IMkN98/v-deo.html ) you will see a description of the Lunar Excursion Module or LEM. You will be shown the instrumentation and given a detailed explanation on how they land it. Jump to 21:00 and watch until approximately 25:00.
You will begin hearing the description of an altimeter (and the reason the video author believes it is bogus). I will cut NASA the break of allowing for it to actually be a radar altimeter.
.
.
.
My problem is with the Three Axis Attitude Instrument seen at 22:30. This is gyroscopic in nature. Do a little research into them, and you will find that they *must be* 'caged' or set to the horizon while still on the ground. They cannot accurately be set while in flight. In planes, it is actually illegal to do so (because they are then no longer accurate).
So this guy is telling you that he will be using this instrument to orient the LEM in relation to the horizon of the MOON, when it was caged or set relative to the horizon of the EARTH. To accurately reflect the horizon of the moon, it would need to be first caged there. Which can't happen until you've actually landed there.
So what function can a gyroscopic instrument accurately perform, when it could not possibly be accurately calibrated until *_after_* it landed? Why was it even included in the instrumentation? Let alone, they were obviously alleging it to be critical to piloting the craft.
.
.
As this LEM approached the surface of the moon, the pilot could not possibly know how his craft was oriented in relation to the surface he was attempting to land on. According to their historical account, they saw a boulder strewn crater where they were hoping to land, and instead skimmed over it and landed on the other side.
So there was forward motion of the craft and not just vertical motion. Now imagine what it would mean if the LEM was out of proper orientation and leaning too far forward or too far backwards. Remember, it isn't landing on wheels, it is trying to land on four legs. One single mistake, and no rescue mission would be available.
.
.
.
What you were show was technological 'smoke and mirrors'. They knew that 99.99 % of humanity would not know or consider these facts. They were baffling their viewers with technological baloney.
.
Mephi It’s been a long time since you posted this but I can clear it up for you. The LM didn’t use a basic electromechanical gyro as shown in the video, it used an electronic gyro that fed its data to the guidance computer. The computer knew where the moon was, and knowing the spacecraft’s position using accelerometers and other systems it could automatically tell the guidance computer how to orient the attitude indicator to display the surface of the moon as down. Apollo crews performed several calibrations using the position of stars and ground tracking data from mission control. And all official descriptions of the LM show a radar altimeter.
So how is it we can see things 30 miles away which should be miles below the horizon if the earth was a globe?
@@Stefan-gh7xr Exaggeration much? At 30 miles distance, the *maximum* amount hidden below the horizon would be 600 feet. And that's assuming a viewing height of zero and zero atmospheric refraction. With those assumptions the '8 inches x miles-squared' formula works really well, since 30-squared x 8 = 900 x 8 = 7200 (inches) = 600 feet.
I always expected it to be a complex mechanism and when I first heard the name of it, even that sounded confusing. But, thanks to your presentation, it turns out to be surprisingly simple to understand. Thank you!
I wish more things were this easy to disassemble. Great to be able to see it all working.
This is an older video, but maybe it will get an answer: when maneuvering, I understand that the vector "down" is actually tilted due to the force acting to change the airplane direction. From what I saw here, I assume that the equipment will correct to level on this new "composite down" vector. What am I missing?
Don't the pendulous vanes react to centrifugal force when you fly tight curves, loops or barrel rolls?
I understand that when you return to normal level flight they will correct according to gravity again.....
Are there flight situations in which the self-correcting mechanism would be undesirable?
For navigation in space, I presume one would use a gyro system that does not correct for gravity....?
Eric Trumpler they would be affected by those but it takes longer than any high force bank to actually affect the level of the gyro, and after the turn it will readjust to level, and at that point it’s a simple straight path flight
I've been looking forward this kind of videos for a while.
You should try locking the vanes, so all ports are equally covered, effectively disabling the self correction, then fly over the curvature of the Earth.
He wouldn't be able to, pretty much in every country I know of regulations would not allow you to fly an aircraft with a knowingly faulty attitude indicator. He could get in deep shit for doing that.
Such a nice and calm explanation. :)
Admit it, your buying telescopes and gyros because you are secretly building a giant robot to take over the world :)
+Termin - My real name is Johnny Sokko.ua-cam.com/video/GAh4oONsFLc/v-deo.html
Okay, so the electric gyro has pendulous vanes as well, awesome. It's weighted as well, great! Thank you, good video!
Winston Larison
This one does, but not all do.
I have collected some patents concerning AI erection systems:
Note: all patents have in common, that the induced precession rate to erect the gyro must be greater than any drift rate, but smaller than the rate during maneuvers. Typical erection rates are some degrees per minute. Some of the patents sense whether the aircraft flies a maneuver and turn off or swich to another erection rate during the maneuvers to prevent maneuver acceleration induced false erection (maneuver drifts).
Patent of erection mechanism using pendulous vanes in air driven AI's:
Patent US2409659 A, 22. Okt. 1946:
www.google.com/patents/US2409659
Patent of air driven erection mechanism using an arc shaped gravity pendulum in a case that closes some outled nozzles when out of alignment with the gyro. This produces some unbalance in the forces which erect the gyro. To prevent erection during maneuvers, inertial sensors sense accelerations and turns and activate electromagnets that lock the pendulum in its null position.
Patent US1934774 A, 14. Nov. 1933:
www.google.com/patents/US1934774
www.google.ch/patents/US2038531
Patent describing an erection system, which is responsive to the flow of air for erecting a gyroscope. The erection system includes a plurality of channels having balls disposed therein. The balls are responsive to the gyroscope being tilted from an erect attitude by a first relatively small predetermined angle (0.5°) for rolling in the channels to create an unbalanced flow of air through the erection system, which provides a force to erect the gyro, and are responsive to the gyroscope being tilted by a second relatively large predetermined angle (10°) for rolling in the channels to negate the unbalanced air flow which disables the erection system.
Patent US4527439 A, 9. Juli 1985:
www.google.com/patents/US4527439
Patent using mercury switches to sense direction of gravity and using torque motors to erect the gyro. The patent describes an additional system to reduce the erection rate when a flight maneuver is detected.
US2972893 A, 28. Febr. 1961:
www.google.com.ar/patents/US2972893
Patent using mercury switches to sense direction of gravity and using torque motors to erect the gyro in normal mode. The patent uses an additional mercury switch to detect horizontal acceleration and a spring restrained gyroscope to detect flight maneuvers to switch to pitch/roll erection mode during this maneuvers.
US3077787 A, 19. Febr. 1963:
www.google.com/patents/US3077787
Patent using mercury switches to sense direction of gravity and rotation about vertical axis, using solenoid to displace masses that induce precession to erect the gyro. The rotaion sensing mercury switches are used to change the precession rate on maneuvers.
US2842968 A, 15. Juli 1958:
www.google.ch/patents/US2842968
Patent of an erection mechanism using free roling masses in a slowly corotating special cage, deflected by gravity so they produce a torque at the right gymbal to erect the electrical driven gyro in the AI's:
US2603095 A, 15. Juli 1952:
www.google.ee/patents/US2603095
US3498146 A, 3. März 1970:
www.google.tl/patents/US3498146
Patent of an electrical erection system using a gravity sensing pendulum mechanism and torque motors. Erection signals are cut during maneuvers to prevent gyro errors, by sensing translational movements with accelerometers:
Patent US2969683 A, 31. Jan. 1961:
www.google.co.in/patents/US2969683
Patent of an electrical erection system using a system of a steel ball, moved by gravity, and an arrangement of 4 coils affected by the position of the ball. The position of the ball changes the inductivity of the coils. This change is converted into an electrical signal that drives two torque motors to erect the gyro.
US2553268 A, 15. Mai 1951:
google.to/patents/US2553268
Patent using pneumatic amplification to create a counter torque to erect a gyro. The sensing device consists of a steel ball, that is positioned by gravity, to open and close small air inlets which when closed produce an amplificated air stream which creates a torque.
US3498145 A, 3. März 1970:
www.google.com.vc/patents/US3498145
Note: some of the the linked patents are rather old an scanned documents. The scanners did not work properly on some docs, so they are sometimes difficult to read.
Wow, thanks for posting this. I was just wondering about the mis-correction that would obviously occur when the aircraft maneuvers.
I known I'm late to the party, but just wanted to thank you, Wolfie, for this fascinating video.
What a wonderful piece of kit! So elegant. Lawrence Sperry was a very clever chap.
I wonder if you could adapt one of these so the pendulous vanes were attracted by a magnet rather than gravity. Then you could produce the model the flat earth society keep on demanding. But then, they would seek out some other criticism I'm sure.
You have the patience of a saint, mate!
This is the best attitude indicator explanation I have ever seen! Thank you
Hmmm, what I like to know is what is the electronic component for?
It looks a bit oversized for just providing a stable power supply for the gyroscope motor.
Ah ok, I thought this device was made for aircrafts and therefore the external power supply is already suitable concerning voltage and frequency.^^
The air vents must be rotated 90° in order to account for precession, right? Pitch vents must be on the sides and roll vents on the front and back.
It could not correct just for having the center of gravity slightly lower as you show at the beginning when turned off. without the correction mechanism it would just endlessly wobble instead of correcting.
The lower center of gravity gives a good enough starting position without interfering too much with the correction mechanism.
The air vents are at the right position. The direction a gyroscope will move if you apply a force is 90° off to that force.
Here is the experiment done by Dustin from Smarter Every Day:
ua-cam.com/video/eTjGTxSevHE/v-deo.html
So, someone else asked the same question and that was Wolfies answer:
The port that opens will result in correction at 90 degrees to the direction of the Port. That is due to Gyroscopic Precession. It will respond at 90 degrees to the force applied.
This animation explains it nicely.
ua-cam.com/video/_MoS5Yw9ZgE/v-deo.html
This is a nice way to explain precession itself:
ua-cam.com/video/n5bKzBZ7XuM/v-deo.html
Thank you, was struggling to understand the flerfer argument on Giros and I think this answers it perfectly as the pendulous vanes are why gravity DOES affect a giro in a plane!
Wolfie, a vid on Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) might be enlightening. While the artificial horizon does its job by correcting to align with the earth's gravity; the gyros in an INS do their job by NOT correcting, thus showing HOW FAR AROUND THE CURVE OF THE EARTH the pilot has flown.Might be difficult to explain so that a "flat" can understand, but you can do it if anyone can.
It is assumed that the gyro is self-correcting by 'gravity' acting upon the pendulous vanes as an aircraft circles the earth. A demonstration of what would happen in that eventuality is useless if that is not actually happening. Can you see the assumption?
If the pilot is actually flying over a flat plain, then the gyro would behave exactly as it does when you believe you are flying around a curve.
.
.
There are those that claim that 'gravity' automatically keeps an aircraft in the flight at the same relative altitude as it fly's around the curvature. My only question to them is: Does it also keep the wings level, so that one doesn't dip below the other?
After their wheels stop spinning and they admit that it doesn't, then I point out it doesn't keep those two points between the nose and tail level either. The pilot *must* do those things. Gravity could care less if it's level or about to crash.
.
.
.
There is a solution to this debate. Use electronic and video means to establish that what you believe is happening, is actually happening during a long distance flight. Those vanes *_should be_* opening repeatedly and frequently in the same direction, to correct for the beginning of any misalignment of the gyro due to a reorientation of the center of gravity.
Wolfie only needs to show that what he believes is happening is actually happening. Knowing the alignment of the AI (and the gyro in it), we should be able to predetermine which ports SHOULD BE repeatedly opening.
.
Gee, Mephi, I wanted to leave all the grunt work to Wolfie, but you won't let me, so here goes.
The artificial horizon (or attitude Indicator, -- AI) proves nothing: neither flat earth nor curved. The AI's gyro remains level, which is what both "Flats" and "Globes" expect. However, Flats think that, because the gyro remains level during a long flight, it debunks the globe. And that's why Wolfie had to take the trouble to explain that, actually, a bit of ingenuity (the pendulous vanes) was required to get the gyro to realign itself with the local force of gravity, and that the AI doesn't debunk the globe after all, and we're back to Square One.
That's where my idea about the Inertial Navigation System (INS) comes in. Nowadays INS has been replaced with GPS, and even late-model INS units worked with electronics or lasers; but the first models (1960s) worked with actual, physical, mechanical gyroscopes. To use them, you would first spin them up, and then enter the plane's initial position into the unit. Then, as the flight progressed, the changing tilt of the gyroscopes (three of 'em, one for each axis) would tell the unit how much of the earth the plane had flown around, and thus where the plane was. Simplistically, one could say a gyroscope whose axis was initially vertical, after a flight around a quarter (90°) of the globe -- from Hamburg to Rio, let's say -- would be horizontal. This was a big deal at the time, and permitted those wonderful B-747 Jumbos to fly long, transoceanic routes beyond the range of radar and of reliable radio communication. It worked well. (Earlier, airliners had to use celestial navigation when they were out over the ocean.)
So here we have a gyroscope which maintains its position in space; and what is more, by measuring the change in the gyroscope's orientation, you can reliably tell where the plane is. Gravity doesn't enter into it. At all. And to me, it looks like this is a pretty good proof that the earth is a globe.
But Mephi, while I've got your attention: actually, gravity DOES play a large role in keeping an aircraft at a given altitude as it flies around the globe. And gravity DOES play a large role in keeping a plane's wings level. Now, I can't write you a primer of aeronautical design right here, but you can look it up online. What you want is the chapter on STABILITY: stability in PITCH and stability in ROLL. The mechanisms aircraft designers use to make an aircraft STABLE on the pitch and roll axes wouldn't work without gravity. In PITCH, if a plane descends (falls), it goes faster. Aircraft designers configure the plane's wings and horizontal tail so that the increase in speed that comes from falling (gravity) will cause the nose to rise slightly, counteracting the descent. If a plane climbs, the opposite happens: gravity slows the plane and the nose drops, bringing it back to altitude. In the ROLL axis, stability is managed through wing dihedral (angling the wings slightly upwards). It's a bit more complicated to visualize, so check the internet -- but you should know that this dihedral effect is totally dependent on the force of gravity,
So if I get what you're saying, we currently lack the technology to prove that what you claim is happening with those pendulous vanes, is actually happening. That it is simply impossible, at this time, to determine if those vanes are repeatedly and predictably opening (as "gravity" would cause them to)?
Go back and examine what I said. I said that the debate could be settled through the use of electronic or video means. Yes, light sources and cameras can be very tiny. Use them to *_SHOW_* the vanes working or not working. If what you say is happening, is actually happening, then prove that it is. That's not unreasonable.
.
.
.
Now, the gravity keeping your plane at a given altitude. In order for what you said to be the case, the 'Angle of Attack' of those flight surfaces would have to lowered. Gravity does not stop an aircraft (traveling at sufficient speed), from climbing when its' angle of attack is increased. Nor does the ground falling away below an aircraft suck it downward.
A plane can fly over a mountain and continue on in straight flight. A plane flying over a curved earth can continue to fly in the same straight level manner. You are pretending as though the gravitational pull of the earth is so strong that the aircraft will behave as if it were tied to a string; remaining fixed at the same altitude.
If that were actually true, then a pilot could not intentional bank his aircraft. That strong 'gravitational force' would keep his wingtips at an equal distance from the earth. However, we know that gravity does not resist this. Nor does it resist the nose rising above the tail.
.
.
.
So, setting aside theoretical claims:
"Gravity" is not going to stop a pilot from noticing the surface of the earth curving exponentially downward away from him. It is not going to keep his wing tips at an equal distance from the ground below him. It is not going to keep the nose of his aircraft from rising; nor pull it downward so his plane remains level over a curve. It isn't magical, and it doesn't "care" about him.
Regarding much of what you stated in your last paragraph: Study "LIFT" and "PRESSURE" in relation to these aircraft surfaces. When there is more pressure on one side of the wings surface then on the other, then that wing is lifted upward. When the shape of the wing are altered, the pressures on each side of it are also altered.
.
Wolfie showed the vanes and how they work. So what you are now demanding is a real-time, in-flight demonstration of an operating AI? It could be done, I suppose, but it's a lot of effort to go to just to preserve poor, misguided you from error. In fact, hell naw, you're the one that's trying to prove your point by saying that the AI doesn't work the way Wolfie said; so it's up to you to prove Wolfie wrong. Good luck.
As for the other stuff, before you try go off the deep end AGAIN -- and, yeah, I've heard a thing or two about lift and pressure -- please read up on stability like I asked you to, and the means that aircraft designers have developed to achieve it. Then ask yourself how those means would work without gravity. Fact is, they wouldn't.
My suggestion: you should get out a little more. Go take a couple of flying lessons. It's fun, and you might learn something.
What Wolfie showed, was how the vanes were _believed_ to be working. He has demonstrated that _IF there were_ a changing reference to a center of gravity actually experienced as an aircraft passed around a curved earth, then the vanes would likely be effected by that gravitational force.
He did _NOT PROVE_ that the theory of gravity is true. He did _NOT PROVE_ that what he says is happening inside an Artificial Horizon, is actually happening. It's not up to me to "prove Wolfie wrong" when it is easy to prove his demonstration is based upon assumptions, and therefore his conclusions are simply his beliefs. I don't have to prove what exists only in his head as being wrong, when I can prove that at this point it is only occurring theoretically. Nice try though.
.
.
*You the ducked the point, that either numerous continual slight changes to the course of the aircraft need to be made to navigate the curve (that you believe is there), or fewer (but greater and more noticeable) changes need to be made. There's no way around that. It's one or the other; pick your poison.*
Also, regarding your point about stability being designed to be dictated by gravity: please explain how temperature variances and atmospheric density can change the force of gravity; because we know that an aircraft's flight and maneuverability is effected by temperature, humidity, and altitude (atmospheric density).
.
The best explanation and video I've ever seen.
Thanks Davis. I enjoyed making this one myself.
👍 Very useful to understand how it works!
0:20sec in I can already tell you that the gyro is based and operates due to 6deg of freedom. On a moving sphere the frequency at with the axis change orientation is huge but that does not mean that the sphere inside the instrument represents a sphere It can only be observed as two hemispheres. One on which we live and one through which we fly. In short, earth is half of a sphere called hemisphere. 11-20-2018 Matthijn Cornelis Bijman
I may have missed it but could you clarify the amount of correction applied during normal operation. Obviously the instrument will show a climb or dive and a turn in either direction.
+SqueakerAlpha. The until will be constantly correcting but there will be very little error ever as it corrects immediately any tiny deviation is sensed.
It is correcting to "true level" which is independent of the orientation of the case of the gyro.
Yes it will show climbs and dives and turns reliably. Even if you held a steady climb for 30 minutes it would be correctly showing the climb because the gyro is levelling to "level" and not the climb attitude of the gyro.
In a long steady turn you can get more errors as the apparent G is no different to real G (as centrifugal force is not present) so the gyro might misalign slowly to the turn. There are ways to prevent that in some gyros - ie. when they sense higher than 1 g they turn the correct mechanisms off ( over simplified explanation.)
I'll cover that in another video.
thanks , I knew the instrument corrected itself but never had a good explanation of how that worked.
So the gyro itself stays "level" at all times , and its the orientation of the instrument that shows the pitch or roll .
So if I understand it what is going on is that once you change the attitude of the gyro it will display the fact that the attitude has changed and then very slowly it will correct it self back to level. So that if you were in a long steady turn the gyro is going to display the fact that you are in the turn but over time is going slowly forget that fact and suggest that you are flying straight. But this does not matter because during practical use you never have the aircraft in such a situation for long enough for it to make a difference.
I flew gliders and a Cessna 150 aerobat. I got used to the gyro tumbling during aerobatics.
Nice video always wondered how such things worked
What about temporarily taping up the air ports responsible for pitch correction, and then pointing the unit East/West, and doing a 6 hour time lapse? Would the unit be accurate enough to pick out the rotation of the earth from whatever natural background drift it has? Might be a fun experiment to try? If it's accurate enough, it might be repeatable in the other axis too. Or maybe I'm missing something?
You'd then be able to extend this series from not only showing that Artificial Horizons *don't* prove a flat earth, but go even further and show that they prove a rotating earth! As is usually the case with flat earth evidence that stopped asking "why" too soon.
The Apollo equivalent of this artificial horizon (FDAI) had no gyros or gravity sensing of its own, and instead received a digital output from the computer, which itself kept attitude alignment relative to the stars, rather than any "down" gravity vector.
When orbiting the earth or the moon, they'd fire the RCS jets just once to induce a pitch rotation in the spacecraft so that it would do a full turn in the same time it took to complete one orbit, so as to constantly keep nose forward, and the windows "down" towards the surface they were orbiting (as well as keeping the sextant and telescope out into space), and in order to keep the test pilots who may be forced to take manual control happy, and with no time to redesign the computer which only cared about alignment relative to the stars, they had to fudge a piggy back system called ORDEAL (Orbital Rate Display Earth And Lunar / Orbital Rate Drive Electronics for Apollo and LM) to manually rotate their artificial horizon at the same rate the spacecraft was rotating, so that they could see where the ground was at all times. As a pilot and not a computer scientist, I guess you might understand their insistence on this bit of inelegant tacked on electronics!
So this is why these "dumb" analogue artificial horizons need to self correct for the curvature of the earth. And they do so in a pretty genius way shown in this video that I'd never have predicted. Without it they could potentially show that we're essentially in our own ground speed "orbit" through 24 hours.
Wouldn't the pendulous vanes correct for any intentional roll or pitch of the aircraft and nullify the indication which the pilot counts on to know the current spacial orientation of his craft? Also, wouldn't any acceleration (in any spacial direction) fool the vanes since they rely on gravity to center their mass (under a static conditions)? like having a level, if you accelerate forward, the bubble would move backwards misleading the observer.
In another video he shows the self-correcting is about 1 degree per minute. So you would have to have sustained acceleration in order to keep forcing the gyro out of alignment. So flying in a banked circle would cause 1 degree per minute of misalignment towards the outside of the banking (assuming you're causing 1G of centrifugal force). But that would then self-correct once you levelled off.
You can try the same thing in your car with a pendulum. When you accelerate, the pendulum swings to the back of the car due to the acceleration, but then once the velocity is constant the pendulum re-aligns with gravity.
Could you tell me what's the other lever on the front panel for? Does it adjust something?
usually for calibrating to pitch. remember the exact direction an aircraft nose points isn't the direction the aircraft will necessarily be traveling in.
I understand why you make Flat Earth debunking videos. You were born to do so. Australian, Pilot, Avid Skywatcher, and clearly a very solid technical/engineering background. It was in your destiny to be THE master debunker of Flat Earth.
If you've gotten more Flat earthers recently it may be because I spent some time in the 24h ODD Tv FE livestream telling people about your channel. They called you a shill...Lmfao.
How original of them. lol
+Seanders. Thanks, A fresh batch of insults is as good as a holiday.
This is all CGI anyway!
SS Sandman Riiiiiiggghhht
Being called a shill by a flat Earther is a Badge of Honor in the world of reality.
Have you tried disabling the correction system and doing a long straight flight?
The suite of skills, knowledge and intelligence to create that machine alone is staggering. It would be interesting to see the evolution of the invention.
For anyone who wants further info on how these things work, I recommend this short documentary: (This is for a fully mechanical version) ua-cam.com/video/ykwJI-7W-c4/v-deo.html
Absolutely fantastic video! Thank you for doing this and showing how they work. It's one of the few videos anywhere that I could find. Next one you should do and show a time-lapse for is the gyro compass indicator. My understanding is those do not have any correcting mechanisms and do in fact move with the spin of the earth and pilots have to realign them with the magnetic compass during a long flight. I could be wrong, but that is my understanding. Showing a timelapse of that of that with another compass next to it being stationary would be a huge blow to the flatearthers... I can't wait to see their excuses for that one... Great work again!
You need pendulous vanes regardless of globe or flat earth isnt it? Pendulous vanes do not proof the earth is a globe.
How is it prevented, that the pendulous vanes align the AI to the resultant G-force in a continued turn ?
Wouldn't they cause to show the AI level after a looooong turn ?
So for this to actually adjust, wouldnt there have to be a dip in the nose of a plane or in a motor vehicle somewhere? If im driving over miles and miles of flat desert when would my car actually go down hill to adjust for horizon changes? Can you see the gyro actually move from the reading side? What about airplanes. Does the nose ever dip in flight? Even during landing?
Pro Athletes in HS viral vids the nose does not need to dip outside of descent, because of the way gravity affects the entire plane it curves the plane as well as the air it is in
@@TheNinthGeneration1 based off what evidence? You need theory to explain theory. Thats like me saying, go read the bible to learn about the "facts" of religion. Hows it explained by observation or science. Not assumptions based off assumptions. Im jist pointing out that a plane doesnt ever nose down during a flight to achieve the motions he has to create eith his hsnd. Bending air, bending planes just sounds like fairytales
Pro Athletes in HS viral vids I accept gravity and the heliocentric model due to the fact that it agrees with every observation I have made over the past 6 years of study in astrophysics
Pro Athletes in HS viral vids I have seen stars being moved by gravitational lensing around our sun during solar eclipses that perfectly align with what is predicted in relativity, I have seen gravitational lensing of galaxies, I have planed certain flight paths for satellites along side other colleagues, and I have tested both the eotvos effect and have built many Foucault pendulums at different latitudes during years where I studied abroad or worked at for coops, I have also performed the cavendish experiment multiple times and the result always matches within a reasonable error margin
@@TheNinthGeneration1 which are? Predicting the night sky is like predicting what time its gonna be in 12hrs. You wasted 6 yrs. Thats why you cant let it go. Completely indoctrinated. That field contributes nothing tangible to society. Never has, never will.
Can you disabled gravitationnal vanes ans show déviation bécasse earth rotate please ?
So what will happen if the pendulous vanes are disabled for a fix amount of time... would the gyro then be able to show the rotation of the earth given there are no other external forces?
The answer is actually yes..... in earlier aircraft that used gyroscopic axis indicators that lacked this correcting mechanism this it was required to periodical cage the gyro to fix precession errors. In fact, you would have to attain level flight and cage the gyro the first time just to correct from precession caused by takeoff accelleration. these AI's were massively prone to errors prior to the introduction of pendulous vanes.
Thank you for this explanation of how a gyrocompass works.
Wolfie, please do a test that disables the vanes and alows the gyro to rotate with the earth rotation. can you, will you do this? many flat earthers will enjoy that!! ;)
I am a lapsed student pilot... I miss the sound of gyros powering up, and also the sound as they power down after you finish a flight.
Outside of being valuable info to counter flat earth nonsense, this video was just fun to watch and learn.
I wish I could make Wolfie my flight instructor! I had a retired American Airlines international captain as an instructor for a brief time and he was awesome...more preferable than the typical young buck building his hours as CFI.
plinn2112
Ah yes the sound of the gyro.
I was usually the last man off the plane - a G2. So it was always a serious check "dark cockpit", or I'd be in big trouble. And often enough I'd hear the emergency battery driven gyro still running.
So I'd pause before getting of the make sure dark and quiet.
How high should you fly to see the curvature of the earth?
@@Stefan-gh7xr Have you checked out Walter Bislin's website?
@@plinn2112 Have you checked out Eric Dubay's website?
What would be interesting to know is how much the lower air pressure in flight influences this (and maybe even after cabin pressure loss) and how much the automatic alignment correction maligns for the most extreme maneuver you could fly (e.g. a constant acceleration into one direction)
So the rotor spins counterclockwise when viewed from above?
+Robert Szasz - yes it looks that way. I have close it up again to keep the dust out but looking at this video it would suggest that.
Wolfie6020 I was basing that on the placement of the vanes and what I remembered of gyroscopic precession. Glad I remembered a bit of physics from school.
Love your videos. Have a question that I've been asked, did the artificial horizons in the 40's self adjust?
What I don't understand is why you would want a precision instrument to compensate at all? Perhaps there is a problem with your aircraft forcing it to fly a few degrees off level, isn't the point of the instrument to alert you to this reality, not compensate for it and effectively hide it?
A bit late but: A mechanical gyro can not have 0 drift. No matter how precise and low friction you build it. Friction on the bearings will cause gryo to drift, then as mentioned curvature of the earth would also contribute in ever so slightly. Any sort of vibrations also speed up drift. So a gyroscope drift is an expected behavior which needs to be automatically corrected, and is not an unexpected issue that needs to worry the pilot.
Oh and even digital gyros experience drift, this is why the digital gyros are almost always used in combination with an accelerator
What is the role of gravity in the story , seems to me it plays a role when not fired up but I expect also when running?
M Goudsmits 金马桥
The vanes swing freely within a preset range of travel, so they will always try to point straight down. If the body the vanes are attached to is not also pointing straight down there will be a difference in the size of opening of the air ports for one or both pairs which will drive the gyro body to align itself with down. Once that happens, all 4 air openings will be the same size and the correcting force will cease until something causes another misalignment.
Edit: they will always try to point in the perceived direction of down - might not match the actual direction of down when subjected to any acceleration
Last of
nope
Wolfie
Brilliant explanation, I recently threw out my old turn and slip, and replaced it with a turn coordinator.
The subtle differences are really fascinating, it seems to be a cross between the turn and slip and the artificial horizons roll function.
+oliver styles, Thanks, yes you will notice a difference in the turn coordinator as it has the gyro tilted just slightly so that the roll actually causes an initial movement the direction of the turn. It is a much nicer instrument to fly limited panel with.
Wow! Great video! Quite interesting and informative!
Good tutorial.
I've always wanted to know what the pull to cage does and learnt about the pendulum vanes. Thank you.
Unless the airflow doubles as cooling for the motor and bearings, simply covering the inlet holes may well do a sufficient job of disabling the erector system without risking damage to any of the delicate parts. You seem to have a few options of non-destructive disabling available to you. That gyro is a nice unit. You should get a Bell helicopter to go around it.
+Fudmottin. I would love that helicpter. I tried it with a piece of tape across the vanes - at the junction so they are centered and don't move. Just need to balance it better and test it more in different directions. It wanders around in pitch and roll now.
There's probably an imbalance in the airflow. You can have the gyro statically balanced but still have a dynamic imbalance. I have that problem with a large gyro that I've been experimenting with.
But wasn't Pendulous Vanes a Harry Potter villain? I'm confused...
Very nice, educational and concise video. Great fun!
It was great to see the pendulous vanes in action again (I have watched other videos of yours showing them), and I was particularly interested in the neutral position where opposing vents are half covered and the structure of the asymmetrical metal link between opposing vanes as I had thought previously they independently dangled.
I am glad you mentioned the issue of precession which interests me and the errors it can introduce errors to some direction indicators though not to the artificial horizon which as you say corrects for precession effects.
A properly interesting video, thanks Wolfie.
i guess you clearly would mind to disassemble that thing further, wolfie. thing is: i need to know how on earth they got the bearings running so smoothly in that thing, as an engineer i'm absolutely stunned by such built quality.
utterly informative vid anyway, well appreciated. keep up the good work.
+ferze001. I originally bought this unit to strip it right down but it runs like a dream so I am now reluctant to "break it" I'll try to find a cheap "non working" model and pull that one fully apart in the future. There is zero vibration on this when it is running. You can't feel a thing. Just the sound.
Wolfie6020
Ya, tearing it apart woukd throw off the balance. Even if you lined the paint markings it would still be off.
+wolfie how expensive are these things? ... i could look myself.
anyhow, i do enjoy this sort of examination of hardware. so my vote is for tearing it to pieces too. :D
"There is zero vibration on this when it is running. You can't feel a thing. Just the sound."
And most of the sound probably comes simply from the air being moved through the holes in the actual gyroscopic weight... like a toy plane propellor or something in that size/rpm region...
Probably designed by germans
Wolfie6020
Locking the vanes & running this unit would give the impression earth is stationary, (you should get 15 degrees per/hour reading change if the earth rotates),... regrettably because this gyro diameter is small & this unit has a natural gravity bias, all you will read is bearing drift/precession, even so, if you think it is a precision instrument you may need to change your views on spinning earth theory. Balancing the central gyro mass axis is important for real results, not just balancing the static weight.
Space type gyro's should be triple axis zero point spinning mass GoG(no gravity bias). The bigger the diameter plus weight/speed = greater accuracy.
Of the helio or geocentric theories, gyros are possibly the most compelling evidence for stationary earth that i have seen thus far. I would love to put a space type gyro on a plane from Perth(Aust) to Japan, if you don't get a 90 degree axis change on 1 of the gimbals then earth is flat right?. cheers
next step, disabling Pendulous vanes with all self-correcting mechanism or taking simple gyro in aircraft and showing that curvatare really makes apparent drift
+Святые Угодники I will be trying that in the next few days also.
Thank you for this! I’m going to share this! I have been looking for a detailed gyroscope video! It sounded like it was going into warp.
+Steven Baumann. Thanks Steven, The video did not do the sound justice. It was significantly louder and more irritating with the case off.
Wolfie6020 yeah. I would expect that. I await part 2.
Interesting video, I didn't realize it was just a simple Gyro with mechanical alignment. I was expecting lots of electronics and fluid level sensing switches.
Today there are also ring laser gyros on the airliners.
Wait... so all it takes to debunk these flat-earths is to have a faulty artificial horizon, with the vanes jammed, and go on plane trip to see the indicator sway from the true horizon?
Wow, that thing is definitely noisy. Very cool demonstration.
+SS Sandman. My wife told me this morning it woke her up a couple of times anyway, even when briefly powered up. Ooops. She is cool though.
But it's a cool sound! Doesn't that count for anything?
Yes very cool sound. I had no idea they were that loud. I guess that is why a cockpit isn't the most quiet place.
In his next video Wolfie will purchase the laser ring gyroscope from Globebusters to show them that it is not measuring "aether".
Yeah, that was hilarious. The suckered their cult members out of $25,000 to purchase it, and much to their horror it ended up demonstrating the rotation of the Earth. So, like good flattards, instead of admitting they were wrong and accepting the obvious results of their own experiment, they pulled some shit about the "aether" out of their asses to maintain their lies (their income) from their brainless zombie followers. Pathetic cretins.
then folks just point out airy's failure, michelson-morley, michelson-gale to them and watch them flip again:P
What's this? Got a link for the clueless, i.e. me?
jeeze... are laser ring gyro's that expensive?
Just the word "laser" adds an extra couple of zeroes onto the price of anything.
Many thanks Wolfie, I currently have a flat earther who claims to have worked on autopilot and compass systems on the B52... not sure how much I believe that... and he claims that the earth is flat because of gyros.
I must admit my knowledge of gyros isn't exactly encyclopaedic so I was glad to find your detailed explanation... which I shall forward to my flat earth friend (who claims I am a fraud because of my aerospace background but am sure we shall go on to become firm friends lol).
So, if you fly at constant speed and bank around a circle for long enough, that'd make it give false readings, wouldn't it?
time would be irrelevant to that, you would need to exert a particular amount of constant force. The amount of force would create the error, not the time at a speed. I've done the math before, you would need to be at around mach 2 in a 15 degree bank. to generate the required force for the error you want to see.
Thanks for this Wolfie6020. Nice real world explanation / demo. Much appreciated
Side note: for some reason I haven't been getting notified by UA-cam when you post, or else I just missed them, but I find that highly unlikely.
+Soundly Thanks, I don't seem to get notifications either and only saw your comment now. It seems like I get notifications for only 5% of the comments posted on this channel. No idea why.
Advanced studies. Love it!
I had a flight booked for today, but the gyro was out of alignment so the air port was closed.
Excellent video!
Thanks for sharing. 😉👌🏼
Keeps it flat and level. By your argument any adjustment in pitch is going to allow the self correcting units to bring it" back.to level No matter what the condition is" ? The air ports are for air pressure. You need air pressure for precession. No air pressure no precession. The unit needs to ensure pressure is available. In the dash, in its housing, in its designed case to.lumit air flow, a certain pressure is required for operation. It's a design function. By your argument air pressure overcomes gravity now that's an interesting concept.
The correcting force is sufficiently low that the unit will adequately and accurately display roll/pitch deviations during normal manoeuvers. The alignment process, on first uncaging the AI, can take several minutes.
The gyroscope generates the airflow which, by means of the vanes covering/uncovering slots in the gyro housing. Airflow through these slots generates an aerodynamic force. Because the vanes hang vertically, it's only deviations of the housing from the vertical that result in the correcting force.
Things that make you go ... hmmmmm. So I assume it would act this way on a flat earth as well?????? How will you be able to determine the shape of the plane below that you are flying over.?
+frolnek "How would you be able to determine the shape of the ground below you?" Not with a mechanical gyro. That's all that Wolfie set out to prove - that aircraft mechanical/electric gyros DO NOT provide evidence for a flat earth as the FEs claim. For that you need a different instrument, such as a laser ring gyro. Which, of course, proves the earth is round and rotates.
Hey Wolfie.... why not use a purely mechanical gyroscope and just show the spin of the earth over time? Would not that be much less confusing...
+calmistheway. Did you find this video confusing? This video is not to prove the spin of the Earth, it was to prove what Flat Earthers claim about the Artificial Horizon is incorrect.
I have seen Flat Earthers claim that they do not contain correcting mechanisms - clearly they do.
I have also seem them claim the Artificial Horizon remaining level is evidence of a Flat Earth, it is not and this video proves why.
I have already proven the spin of the Earth by testing the Eotvos effect. That is really easy to do.
I bought the Super precision Gyroscope at the request of one Flat Earthers, It was a waste of money because it is just a toy and totally unsuitable for measuring the Earth's rotation. The bearing friction is way too much.
Well you have proven nothing about anything. Anyone busy with critical thinking can see that. Did you get scared when the gyro didnt move over time? is that why its "just a toy".. LMAO.
+Stiggy, yes the Eotvos effect proves it. I have not tested that with a gyro yet. I bought the Super Precision gyro because FE were raving about it. But is a toy, nothing more. When I find a suitable high quality gyro I will test it with a gyro.
+calmistheway. Why would I get scared when I know the Earth is a Globe from 30+ years of actually seeing curvature and flying around the Earth many times?
You proceed on many false assumptions. I would not be scared at all if any of my evidence supported a Flat Earth. On the contrary, I would find it very intriguing and would report it honestly.
I don't care about the Globe, I only care about the Truth. If FE was the truth I would be making videos about it.
So please explain what I should be "scared of"
It is a toy because it is a toy and clearly the Flat Earthers who love it have not worked with high quality equipment as I have.
Here is the video proving it is a toy. My Drone motors are far better quality.
ua-cam.com/video/Du8Vo7cNujI/v-deo.html
+Stiggy You can't even spell Eotvos mate. Seriously, the first time I let it go as a typo but you did it again and again.
Eotvos with an O after the E. It makes you look dumb when you spell it wrong repeatedly.
Why not try the Eotvos effect yourself. Make a video about it instead of just being another armchair critic.
Clearly you haven't "got it" at all because you are still believing a silly scam.
So, you're telling me that as the plane turns, the artificial horizon stays in place and the gyroscope realigns to level instead of the plane realigning as to bring the artificial horizon level with gyroscope, as to where it was spun up?
Sounds pretty stupid didn't it. I'm positive that anyone that thinks this video shows that a gyroscope corrects itself for curvature doesn't have a clue as to how they work.
THE GYROSCOPE IS PERMANENTLY FIXED TO THE LEVEL IT IS SPUN UP, THE PLANE CORRECTS ITSELF. All he is doing is throwing it off and it realigns to the position it was spun up. Give me a break.
You really put the facts into the game.
Now you have done it, all the intelligent Flerfs are going to reverse engineer it...Looks like that won't happen...Thanks, looks very complicated...
Pity you did not have an artificial horizon with liquid or mercury leveling switches. This would be simpler to explain.
But this is way-cooler engineering!
They wouldn't work in high G turns
True level, morty!
Saved my bacon with this video.
It would be convincing to see this in action inside an airplane in flight. Can you take this AH device into the cockpit and spin it up and video it in action? That way when flying over the curvature of the earth we could the self correction.
The self correction would be extremely slow and not very noticeable whatsoever as it would be at most 8 degrees a minute
So basically flat-earthers are telling the true . great work
+Nicky Jamesy. No, quite the opposite. Perhaps you still don't understand what I was demonstrating here.
Flat Earthers state the gyro is rigid in space. Totally wrong.
Flat Earthers have also stated these instruments don't have correcting mechanisms. - again totally wrong.
Flat Earthers don't understand how these instruments work and some of them tell lies about them.
Watch it again and if you still don't get it let me know and I'll explain it to you.
The correcting mechanisms means it works just fine on a globe and will always appear level to the pilots even flying around the Globe.
Really cool, learned a lot, thx :)
Always wanted to know how the gizmo works, thanks, I'm smarter today :-) By the way, thousand thanks for not having the distracting #$%$#@music.
gravity...the answer to your "mystery" is gravity. When flying level an aircraft is balancing the force of gravity with the force of lift.
Thanks
This is fken genius. So basically. Take this on a plane, open it up and look for it to correct every 8 minutes, if it doesn't, FLAT EARTH, if it corrects EVERY 8 minutes the it's a GLOBE. Thank You. So easy like taking candy from a baby.
Danny Luna well it doesn’t only correct once every 8 minutes, it corrects the entire time