I love it that you explain things in a clear way without hours of math formulae, but at the same time, treat us like we can handle these high-level concepts. Your unique style leads to us being able to gain a general overview of concepts that are at the cutting-edge of human knowledge. You go further than about any other person in explaining these in the most comprehensible ways possible.
i would LOVE to get involve with this particular study of science. I was the grade school geek who read about quarks in one of those early science magazines and argued with science teachers when they graded me WRONG for answering that protons, neutrons weren't the "smallest parts of an atom". I literally had to SHOW her the article before she would change my grade. Her answer was that "i wasn't supposed to know that" but the reality was that SHE did not (yet) know that so she was teaching what everyone taught back in the early 70's. Now that I am nearing retirement I can return to this original thirst for knowledge and constantly watch yours and other science and math videos. While I took calculus, discrete structures, statistics and all those other higher maths, I am not as good at them as I am with physics, QED and such so these fit well with my objectives. I'd much rather watch these videos so THANK YOU for continuing to bring us AWESOME content like this! Could you do a video on "penta" quarks?
I'm glad she changed your grade, but at least she did do so once shown. Also, quarks were something of a novelty in the 70s, viewed then widely as mathematical conjecture, not necessarily physical reality. Indeed, even today no one has actually pulled out a quark as a separate part.
@@Parmenides7 What? Do you mean it is sad that school tells you how to feel/think, or did you think that I was saying you need school in order to think? 😆
I'm really happy that you are going deeper into this subject than other channels. I'm just an ordinary guy and I want to understand this stuff better, and you're making it possible 😁👍
I'm once again truly humbled by your unparalleled ability to convey these mind blowing theories while continuously taking us closer to the core fundamentals. Thank you so much for these beautiful insights Arvin. What a video, keep up the good fight, kind sir!
Hi Arvin Just a trolling physicist who landed here again by accident and glad I did. As usual, a fabulous job done by you and your expert physics team. I have no reservations recommending you (and PBS Spacetime, etc.) to any of my students for the correct explanations, backed up by good "production values" (as they say), to go further than dry equations.
If this is what causes mass. And it takes time for it to happen. Then wouldn't more mass take more time. . Wouldn't spacetime stretch to accommodate the interactions required for more mass. Wouldn't objects acelerating through spacetime have more interactions and gain mass. Would the mass at the center of a black hole have a constant connection to the Higgs field and require infinite time. Would that explain gravity.
Home run episode right there! Kudos. Side note: The bi-lateral symmetry of the human face can be nearly perfect. Yet, by far, those faces with noticeable minor asymmetries (like in this photo 2:16) consistently score the highest beauty-wise in aggregated results. Though totally subjective, might it be that it's our (lower conscious) way of paying homage to the universe's solid move of breaking symmetry? Pretty sure that needs to be a new Netflix series.
Thank you Arvin. This topic was always mysterious to me but the veil has been somewhat lifted by your explanation. I look forward to more breakthroughs that will further demystify the universe.
Whoaaaat a legend. Explained one of the most complex part in particle physics in just 15 minutes. Science teacher in my school would take 500 years to explain this. 😂😂
Wow, amazing, though some of it went above my head, it is presented in an as simple as it can get manner. But what a lot to know about the universe, and you are doing a wonderful job communicating these extremely hard concepts in simple terms. I've signed up to you channel already.
Arvin, you are an incredible teacher ! Myself I am mathematician very frustrated to not had good theoretical physics understanding, probably due to bad teaching of physics when I was student in Paris, 25 years ago. My dream would be to meet people like you who can explain me physics simply !
Your work is so wonderful. You are a top reference in the first and now the second Volume of my “Our Self Assembling Universe” AWTbook(tm) Series. The second one is in final stages of writing. It’s subtitled “Who is Us? The nanoscale answer to that question is so incredible and you nail so much of it with your beautifully clear answers. Whether my efforts make any difference remains to be seen. But I do think I am onto something with my new, may I say it, literary art form in which you were first featured in OSAU-2, C&I&L&E=mc2.
The Higgs Field is probably one of the most fascinating aspects of physics to me. Especially when discussing Vacuum Decay. Which I couldn't help thinking about watching the animations illustrating the non-zero energy expectations. Any chance you could do a deep-dive on the whole Higgs/mass/vacuum decay topic?
Your videos should be part of home schooling.👏 I think it would be a great idea to create a home schooling series, for you have an excellent way of explaining advanced concepts in a way that are easy to understand. Thanks
This high quality narrative and graphics bring me tantalizingly close to grasping these notions but the maths I encountered in my biochem and medical career weren’t enough for a proper understanding. I wonder if a math course catch-up is a feasible goal in retirement.
I appreciate the efforts of all scientists over the thousands of years We need more scientists to understand this vast universe We need more scientists like Einstein
This is bestest explanation of MASS in UA-cam universe, many alternate universes exist in minds of those 1 percent Scientists.. who actually actually reached these MIND BENDING conclusions.. ie mass comes from energy, the gluon clouds.. whoa.. a BIG WHOA
This explanation of symmetry breaking has cleared up my understanding of dark matter theories for WIMPs being a likely candidate as the spontaneous field fluctuations cause particles to pop into and out of existence. Thanks for another great video
After having seen several of your videos on strong nuclear force, I finally understood how a Meson can exists....I always thought " how can a quark and anti quark particle be stable and not annihilate?". Please Arvin, if you have more videos on Meson formation let me know (if not, it should be nice to have a new one!). Thanks again for all you videos!
One of you most important videos. To me it would seem there are keys or paths in this video as to how gravity works that we currently are missing. The big bang potential working time clock machine first law of thermodynamics resulting in the recorded second law of thermodynamics including all resulting paths and consistent symmetries within time space and mass gravity causality pathways or E=mc2. Sort of a algebra puzzle with lot's of pieces.
Im glad to say that I've learned about a few of the things mentioned in this video during my physics classes and its really² hard involving a lot of equations that are really² long😅😅
Hi ARVIN. If you think about it right. A black hole is a good or perfect example of what an atom probably looks like in realty. On an atom, the electron would be compared to the event horizon on a black hole. A certain section or volume is filled with a fluid or gas or an electrical field, on or near the nucleus. So the pulp or the core would be a supermassive black hole made of heavier elements in subatomic particles. SUBCOOLED and LIQUID STATE these volumes break the atom and resemble our smallest interactions. Whilst the MACRO SENSE looks very similar.
the way i see it; the 'symmetry' breaking and conversion are because we assembled the model in this way so its not really answering a 'why'. its like trying to explain the why by saying because there is addition done... symmetry is just a more complex addition. if we had a full and complete model of the universe we would have no breaking of symmetry given a similar model to what we have now because everything would be accounted for in the equations.
@TD haha comment from the past, I looked into it, and I'm not buying symmetry. Physicists found their rabbit hole and they might be lost to us forever hahaha
@TD I see modern physics built on shaky foundations. The misuse of math to predict future or past events has led to the current state where things aren't adding up. Symmetry, entanglement, red shift are all in doubt and on the chopping block
Why do people keep insisting that the origin of mass is the Higgs boson? The mass of a visible material object is the manifestation of the energy of the creation and annihilation of quarks and antiquarks (kaons) in the nucleus of an atom. The Higgs field is a velocity-regulation mechanism that Spacetime uses to keep massive visible matter objects from reaching light-speed by using their intrinsic masses to generate a resistance to further increases in velocity.
great video Arvin ! I think we will still have to wait (insert best guess) years before a full understanding of what is mass ! Is amazing how after 100 years of einstein some of the answers he gave special and general theory of relativity are still not fully reconciled with quantum physics.
Mass is property of Energy. Mass is the name we give to the tendency of highly concentrated energy to resist acceleration when acted upon by an external force. The question is what is Energy.
@@LyubomirIko Thanks you. Newtown explain gravity and its relationship with mass with this famous equation F = GmM / r^2 . Einsten elaborated and replaced with his theory of general relativity. So that much is clear. What we are yet to understand I think is how is is that this property of emerges (mass) emerges. The explanation of higgs mechanism and how the energy of gluons gives rise to mass is wonderful , Arvin did a great job of explaining all that. But it is not very satisfying. Why gluons have the energy they do or why the higgs potential has the value is does. None of the theories mentioned spo far have explaines where these values come from. That is the great mystery. As you say if we truly understand energy then we may understand how this property of energy as you put it emerges.
@@rajeevyelkur7568 "Why gluons have the energy they do" - as we know - The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another... Yet - gluons breaks this laws every moment - in a constant stream - zipping in and out of existence on top of that -in order to create the whole Universe. It is enormous paradox - both for science, but for philosophy too.
@@LyubomirIko I am not a physicist to give a perfect answer here. But yes the zero point energy paradox as it is called is known as the "worst prediction in physics" order of 10^120 wrong from observation. However I think there is a partial resolution at least 1. particles have positive energy and anti particles negative energy. that should cancel. But gluons are the binding energy . However gluons binding virtual particles and antiparticle pairs according to me at least do not represent energy unless they particles themselves become real . What really makes them "real" is the next question. Yes this part is an unresolved mystery. I have some ideas in this area but its too much to put here as a comment. I believe it has to do with dark energy and how particles become real or come into being. However at this time i do not know of any theory that accounts for dark energy at sub atomic particle levels. I have been trying to gather some ideas about this for some time now.
@@rajeevyelkur7568 It's rather the opposite - the particles are special manifestation of the so called virtual particles. By virtual particles science mean field of particles. And all particles are virtual particles - there is no other type. - Read a better description from someone with master degree in science: In quantum field theory we are taught that virtual particles are just mathematical fictions, only existing inside Feynman diagrams. The only measurable things are "real" particles that exist in the "in" and the "out" external states, the lines entering or leaving a Feynman diagram. However...... ..the truth is the reverse. It is the real particles, the external legs on the Feynman diagrams, that are the mathematical fictions, because they are presumed to be free or non-interacting, which is just a mathematical convenience - a fiction - to simplify the calculations. It is the virtual particles that really exist and that the rest of the world interacts with. The universe is just a set of particle interactions or Feynman diagrams, without artificial boundaries; we are "inside" the diagrams.
Y axis is potential energy. X axis is the expectation value of the field. I talked about what expectation value is in the video. It has to do with the overall energy of particle/anti-particle creation and annihilation in the field.
Dimensions increases with characteristics. 0D has no characteristics 1D gains length 2D gains width and 3D gains height. But what comes next? What does the 4th dimension gains? Time. The Universe expands and the space expands with it, space expands in the 4th dimension and since the 4th dimension is time it flows forward as the expansion. Gravity affects the flow of time. Why? Because mass slows down the rate of expansion of the 4th dimension. Since we are 3D beings it is hard for us to think about time as a spacial dimension. Think of a hypercube, it is made of two cubes with its corners joined by lines. Those lines represents time and the expansion of that line represents the forward flow of time
@@Vitamin.Z There is no "into" as into implies an already given space. The space expansion happens in the fourth dimension, in time. If you would stop time you would also stop space expansion and if you would turn back the "clock" the existing space would shrink until there is no more time and space. There is an entity called "spacetime" that is hard to grasp. The separation of space and time is our illusion. It is like separating the second dimension from the third dimension or the separation of the first dimension from the second dimension. They are an essential part of each other. Try to see it this way, imagine us living in a universe with only one dimension. If you want to meet me there you need just 1 information like the distance on a ruler, for example the house number if the world would be a street. Now imagine living in a two dimensional world, you would need 2 informations to meet me on a surface (the x- and the y-axes), it would be like living in a town, you also need the street name and house number. Now imagine living in a three dimensional world, like for example a big city with skyscrapers, you would need 3 informations, the street, the house number and the floor number. Is this enough to meet me? No, because we live in a four dimensional world, therefore in order to meet me you need also the time or you would miss me. Therefore to locate me you need 4 informations, time including. This should be proof enough that we live in a four dimensional world.
Mass units such as a neutron or proton have, are photons of wavelength 2pi Planck length trapped over their own gravity with the help of a neutrino m=E/c² mass is energy in orbit over a sphere, trapped by its own gravity creating classical inertia c² (v²) creating inertia.
Arvin- as always, you explain things in a way that even a dumb shit like me can understand! I will never be able to comprehend the elaborate physics and math it takes to truly grasp the secrets of the universe, but your videos at least allow me to bask in the glow of all its wonder. Thanks- Rich
So the Higgs seems to exist to supply enough particles with starter "mass" so they can bond and create the actual mass via gluon interactions. Fascinating.
The meaning of mass has been deciphered in the "Novel quantitative push gravity/electricity theory poised for verification". It provides an alternative platform to map out existing experimental data. Hopefully, there may be a correspondence between the outlined ideas in the above video and the ideas on mass, force fields, black holes and much more derived by the proposed novel theory. It is much easier to conceptualize with palpable explanations. The examination of alternatives is always a fruitful exercise. Please give it a try.
That explains in my opinion where the energy comes from when the bond is broken by fission !The Gluon binding force AKA Mass of approx 1000 MeV / proton is released via radiation as it is no longer needed reducing the measured mass each time this happens. Does any body agree or is this TBS ?
both the weak force and strong force are invovled in nuclear fission. if the nm,ber of nuetrons and protons is not the same then weak force is also involved. otherwise you could say its just the strong force (ie gluons)
4D & 3D particle ages as Universe contains the 2nd dimension or Higgs Field stores information in 2 dimensions and allows faster than light, left handed neutrinos by mirroring these particles in the 3rd dimension which annihilate giving mass to the particles that pass through ths 2D layer of Universe.
Hey! I'm wondering if the equations for the mass of things like the W, Z bosons, Higgs Boson, and Top Quark can be covered since I'm really interested in the math that goes into those particles. Even if it's really simplified equations I'd love to see any articles that cover this topic or even videos - since I still don't entirely know how these things are calculated - just that they are, and I wanna know the "how?" that goes into it. Love your videos and they're quite helpful for understanding our world and sciences better.
Dr. Ash, you are sooooo cool. I can sorta pretend I know what's going on. But, you are so darn smart, your explanations any land in my brain 14% of the time. :-)
Don't sell yourself short. I expect most people to have to watch a couple of times, at least, before any of this sticks. This is some high level stuff my fried.
At 11:59, the proton example showing the actual measured mass (938 MeV) vs the quarks(9.4MeV). That total is due to the interactions of the quarks, bosons and fermions with the difference of the total mass (99%) and individual quarks mass (1%). Energy equals mass. The closer to the speed of light something with mass get the more energy required. Stands to reason the opposite might be true. If something can start out as massless energy traveling the speed light, interacts with something else that also started out as massless energy, the energy from the interaction would force the particles to slow and in turn form mass. 🤔
Lately, I've really been spending some time trying to wrap my head around this stuff. Like, a photon is neutral, yet it contains (apparently) a negative and a positive charge, and magnetic north and south poles which alternate? And at 90 degrees - what's that about? I'm sure someone could refer me to a textbook of fundamentals, but I can already see that bottomless rabbit hole. I know life isn't "simple" but it seems as if there's a basic truth I'm not understanding. And photons can become electron/positron pairs...and I haven't even got to hadrons. It makes my head hurt, in a sort of good way.
As I understand it, a charged particle is a field source and a non-charged particle is a field carrier, but not itself a source. So a photon is an EM field carrier, but not an EM field source. That's why it's not charged. If you want the most basic of analogies or images to imagine, imagine a charged particle like an electron is like a little propeller that induces a vortex motion in the water around it that creates this rotating system, sort of like the electric field in 2D. That's like how a field source works. The photon would be a component of that moving system itself. In the whirlpool image, they are arbitrary points of the rotating water. (The vortex motion is more complex, but this gets the idea across.) A photon is "carrying" the rotating motion of the EM field (it is the motion), but it itself is not a little propeller creating its own vortex with it at the center. So it is not a charged particle. It's a field carrier but not a field source. When two vortex systems like whirlpools approach, which gives a rough analogy for the electric field in 2D, if they're spinning the opposite direction, opposite charge, they'll drag each other into each other where they intersect, if there's enough energy at that place. If they're spinning the same direction, same charge, they'll push each other back where they intersect. We can model where those two field components intersect and push at each other as a "photon exchange", as two photons mediating the electric "force". They're "field carriers" and "force carriers", but again they're not little propellers spinning up the field themselves. They're just carrying that field motion that the charged particle, the electron, created as the field source. Contrast all of this to gluons, which are both field carriers and field sources. A color charged quark is a little propeller inducing a vortex motion in the color field as a source, the carrying components of which we call the gluon field, so it's making gluons. But the difference is each component of that field motion, the gluons, are also little propellers themselves that create their own vortexes with themselves at the center, and the whole thing quickly cascades into these runaway propellers making propellers quickly sucking in the whole system back into the low energy state. I think that's right as a really crude but useful analogy, but anybody can feel free to correct it or make it better as a crude but useful analogy.
@@ArvinAsh Just finished that video. It was quite a brainful! I'll start with 3 questions. If you have time, please endavour to make videos on these issues! 1) Can gluons be observed by direct methods? If not why not? 2) Are there only three "colors", red green, and blue? Or is that a simplification? And why? I understand that there are 8 gluons. What does that actually mean? And as a bonus 4) Can you go into more detail about how protons and neutrons obtain greater mass than the sum of their parts? Is that a relativistic effect due to the rapid motion of these mass objects? Is there a change in the structure of space time that generates this? As always fantastic work! Thank you!
@@Earwaxfire909 1) No. The force between gluons and between gluons and quarks increase with distance so they can never be free. There could be quark gluon plasma which could theoretically exist on its own. 2) There are also anticolors in addition to these colors. 4) They gain more mass than the sum of their parts because the binding energy due to the color charge exchange adds to total energy inside the hadron. The kinetic energy is also a component of this, but it is a small component of the total mass. You have to remember that these particles are not like little balls but excitations in fields that vibrate.
@@ArvinAsh Thank you! One thing that confuses me about 4) is how binding energy and mass seem to be considered interchangeable. That is the scale can weigh materials suggesting a rest mass. But are you saying that the binding energy related mass is somehow contributing to that weight? This is why I was thinking that perhaps the motions of the confined quarks, not the gluons, are giving rise to a mass like relativistic effect. Could you extrapolate? Thanks again!
Breaking symmetry creates an attractor (or vice versa)? That is some beauty. Does it make black holes the correctional facilities for symmetry breakers, sentencing the masses to end in hawking radiation?
The word "energy" which you have used to explain the phenomenon is an ambiguous term because the actual meaning of the word " energy" here is physical forces defined by charges, such as electric force caused by the inter-reactions between charges carried by subatomic particles. Such interactions create electric fields which produce electric forces. Particles carry charges , and anti-particles carry opposite charges to those of particles. When they get in contact with one another, they cancel or annihilate one another, resulting in the sum of their charges = 0, and when there is no charge, there will be no electric field nor the induced force which you guys call as "zero net energy" So ,the fields keep appearing and disappearing so fast that it is impossible to calculate their net force or net energy
1. First "kinetic energy", as the linear momentum of a particulate mass-object that is in motion relative to another (e.g. 'observer') mass-object, as imparted to it by an initial 'pulse' of accelerating force; and the "potential energy" we say a mass-object has that is being held aloft in a (say) gravitational field, are in fact the same thing - the "held aloft" object being, in fact, subjected to a sustained (or you might say, not yet completed pulse of) accelerating force point-radially with respect to the center of mass of the system under consideration. 2. Second, all "motion" is - ultimately - point-radial, originating from "The Big Bang", and still proceeding from it we must assume - no matter which 'direction' a given particulate mass-object is "pushed" by one of its fellows. What distinguishes a bounded region (such as a "proton") of confined motion (such as that of its "quarks") from the "empty space" (defined by the propagation of EMR photons through it at "the speed of light") surrounding such a region, is precisely that property it exhibits that we call "mass", and which is more accurately described (I propose) as the point-radial (and 'still spinning') fluid vortexual acceleration-flow (complete with 'length contraction' and 'time dilation') imparted to the spacetime contained in that region by some initial point-radially 'explosive' event like "The Big Bang" or a stellar supernova "event". 3. "Spacetime", the 'stuff' we perceive as being "curved" by the presence of a gravitating mass, is an otherwise scale-uniform superfluid medium (SUM) whose self-relative motion -- a.k.a. "acceleration" -- is what endows it with structure (geometric and otherwise).
I love it that you explain things in a clear way without hours of math formulae, but at the same time, treat us like we can handle these high-level concepts. Your unique style leads to us being able to gain a general overview of concepts that are at the cutting-edge of human knowledge. You go further than about any other person in explaining these in the most comprehensible ways possible.
Thanks for that. I appreciate it. And I'm glad you find my videos helpful.
@@ArvinAsh Thank you! 👍
I don't see why the issue needs to be confused with this long winded symmetry, energy is binding the quarks and energy is mass
Are you paid to make positive comments? Or you just little bit ignorant and believe all cartoons?
@@freefall9832 Cos when the universe was created there was equal amount of matter and anti matter ie the symmetry
i would LOVE to get involve with this particular study of science. I was the grade school geek who read about quarks in one of those early science magazines and argued with science teachers when they graded me WRONG for answering that protons, neutrons weren't the "smallest parts of an atom". I literally had to SHOW her the article before she would change my grade. Her answer was that "i wasn't supposed to know that" but the reality was that SHE did not (yet) know that so she was teaching what everyone taught back in the early 70's. Now that I am nearing retirement I can return to this original thirst for knowledge and constantly watch yours and other science and math videos. While I took calculus, discrete structures, statistics and all those other higher maths, I am not as good at them as I am with physics, QED and such so these fit well with my objectives. I'd much rather watch these videos so THANK YOU for continuing to bring us AWESOME content like this! Could you do a video on "penta" quarks?
Classical teacher, punishing students for "knowing more than they should". Sadly school is not for learning to think but for learning how to follow.
I'm glad she changed your grade, but at least she did do so once shown. Also, quarks were something of a novelty in the 70s, viewed then widely as mathematical conjecture, not necessarily physical reality. Indeed, even today no one has actually pulled out a quark as a separate part.
@@Primitarian yeah, quarks when pulled apart just create another quark to bond with.
@@Parmenides7 What? Do you mean it is sad that school tells you how to feel/think, or did you think that I was saying you need school in order to think? 😆
Go for it
I'm really happy that you are going deeper into this subject than other channels. I'm just an ordinary guy and I want to understand this stuff better, and you're making it possible 😁👍
Deeper than PBS Space Time?
@@yziib3578 I was about to say lol
Pbs?
@@aryanbansode1897 What about, into the impossible or Sabine?
You may want to check Physics Explained channel if you wish go deeper into equations
I'm once again truly humbled by your unparalleled ability to convey these mind blowing theories while continuously taking us closer to the core fundamentals. Thank you so much for these beautiful insights Arvin. What a video, keep up the good fight, kind sir!
Hi Arvin
Just a trolling physicist who landed here again by accident and glad I did. As usual, a fabulous job done by you and your expert physics team. I have no reservations recommending you (and PBS Spacetime, etc.) to any of my students for the correct explanations, backed up by good "production values" (as they say), to go further than dry equations.
This is the best explanation of mass.
wtf hey
If this is what causes mass. And it takes time for it to happen. Then wouldn't more mass take more time. .
Wouldn't spacetime stretch to accommodate the interactions required for more mass. Wouldn't objects acelerating through spacetime have more interactions and gain mass.
Would the mass at the center of a black hole have a constant connection to the Higgs field and require infinite time.
Would that explain gravity.
Bro don’t pretend like you understand it lmao
I am watching your channel since 2019. Your channel and Pbs spacetime are outstanding.
Home run episode right there! Kudos. Side note: The bi-lateral symmetry of the human face can be nearly perfect. Yet, by far, those faces with noticeable minor asymmetries (like in this photo 2:16) consistently score the highest beauty-wise in aggregated results. Though totally subjective, might it be that it's our (lower conscious) way of paying homage to the universe's solid move of breaking symmetry? Pretty sure that needs to be a new Netflix series.
Thank you Arvin. This topic was always mysterious to me but the veil has been somewhat lifted by your explanation. I look forward to more breakthroughs that will further demystify the universe.
So much respect for the attitude to “why” questions. This is a needed disclaimer for people
Your visualizations are second to none, Arvin! Keep it up!
❤
You can place the ball anywhere on graph as long as u change ur perspective postition to make the ball appear symmetrical
Every single one of Arvin’s videos is incredible.
I really enjoy your videos Arvin, I feel ever more enlightened with each one I watch. Thank you for making and sharing them🌌
My pleasure! Thank you for watching.
Whoaaaat a legend. Explained one of the most complex part in particle physics in just 15 minutes. Science teacher in my school would take 500 years to explain this. 😂😂
Wow, amazing, though some of it went above my head, it is presented in an as simple as it can get manner. But what a lot to know about the universe, and you are doing a wonderful job communicating these extremely hard concepts in simple terms. I've signed up to you channel already.
Welcome aboard!
That was clear vision and gave me understanding of the Higgs field.
Arvin, you are an incredible teacher ! Myself I am mathematician very frustrated to not had good theoretical physics understanding, probably due to bad teaching of physics when I was student in Paris, 25 years ago. My dream would be to meet people like you who can explain me physics simply !
Great job! Great video! Great graphics! You might be the best science communicator in the world?! 👍
Wow, thanks!
This video cannot be commended enough. It is best of the best.
Love the channel, the mass comes from the strongforce, and interaction between the gluons and the Quarks :)
Check the link for example ua-cam.com/users/shortsFxE-V3JN-EE?feature=share
Yes...
And the gravitational force gives mass weight.
The Mass comes from the energy binding the quarks together
That's only for composite particles, fundamental particles( except neutrinos) get their mass from the higgs field
Your work is so wonderful. You are a top reference in the first and now the second Volume of my “Our Self Assembling Universe” AWTbook(tm) Series. The second one is in final stages of writing. It’s subtitled “Who is Us? The nanoscale answer to that question is so incredible and you nail so much of it with your beautifully clear answers. Whether my efforts make any difference remains to be seen. But I do think I am onto something with my new, may I say it, literary art form in which you were first featured in OSAU-2, C&I&L&E=mc2.
I love the fact that you bring some very fundamental question ,like this video,never thaught about this thing...
But amazing video love your videos.
I just subbed to Wondrium and I'm loving it so far with Understanding Electronics course.
Wonderful. I love the app myself.
The Higgs Field is probably one of the most fascinating aspects of physics to me. Especially when discussing Vacuum Decay. Which I couldn't help thinking about watching the animations illustrating the non-zero energy expectations. Any chance you could do a deep-dive on the whole Higgs/mass/vacuum decay topic?
I did make a video on that here: ua-cam.com/video/zY6IK0ObDYU/v-deo.html
What an amazing visual representation to help us learn
Mind-blowing. Just outstanding! 💖
Thank you! Cheers!
Your videos should be part of home schooling.👏 I think it would be a great idea to create a home schooling series, for you have an excellent way of explaining advanced concepts in a way that are easy to understand. Thanks
This high quality narrative and graphics bring me tantalizingly close to grasping these notions but the maths I encountered in my biochem and medical career weren’t enough for a proper understanding. I wonder if a math course catch-up is a feasible goal in retirement.
I appreciate the way you explain and make complex ideas accessible. Thank you. Subscribed.
Exceptionally awesome visualizations in your Video @Arvin 🙂
Thanks Arvin. I'm gonna go ahead and keep this tab open so I can watch it 5 more times.
You answered so many questions without answering any questions lol. I'm gonna have to watch this again to fully get what u mean
The fastest growing physics channel and so informative ❤ .
Excellent content and presentations. Such high quality. I am a big fan.
A great explaination that increased my understanding of this.
I appreciate the efforts of all scientists over the thousands of years
We need more scientists to understand this vast universe
We need more scientists like Einstein
This is bestest explanation of MASS in UA-cam universe, many alternate universes exist in minds of those 1 percent Scientists.. who actually actually reached these MIND BENDING conclusions.. ie mass comes from energy, the gluon clouds.. whoa.. a BIG WHOA
I am glad that some people that are not dancing on tiktok, do something actually highly productive to propel our existence into the future
The chiral symmetry breaking in the proton is very interesting. I wonder how expirements have to be set up in order prove these theories?
This explanation of symmetry breaking has cleared up my understanding of dark matter theories for WIMPs being a likely candidate as the spontaneous field fluctuations cause particles to pop into and out of existence. Thanks for another great video
Great to hear that the video was helpful. Thank you for watching.
Appreciate Arvin, for peeling 1 layer at a time for a person interested in topic But minimal acedemic knowledge of high school physics of 70s -:)
After having seen several of your videos on strong nuclear force, I finally understood how a Meson can exists....I always thought " how can a quark and anti quark particle be stable and not annihilate?". Please Arvin, if you have more videos on Meson formation let me know (if not, it should be nice to have a new one!). Thanks again for all you videos!
Brilliant explanation
One of you most important videos. To me it would seem there are keys or paths in this video as to how gravity works that we currently are missing. The big bang potential working time clock machine first law of thermodynamics resulting in the recorded second law of thermodynamics including all resulting paths and consistent symmetries within time space and mass gravity causality pathways or E=mc2. Sort of a algebra puzzle with lot's of pieces.
Inside the Meson, since quark and anti-quark have opposite charge, why do you need gluons to bind them together? Don't they naturally attract?
Thanks, you are doing great job, making things easier is not easier
Really appreciate the description.❤
Thanks, now I know what the big deal about the Higgs field and the Higgs boson was all about. Nice explanation!!
A fabulous video - great job again! Could you do a video on CIG Theory?
Huh things are clearer now. Thank you for the best explanation I have yet to see.
Im glad to say that I've learned about a few of the things mentioned in this video during my physics classes and its really² hard involving a lot of equations that are really² long😅😅
no words for appreciation....God blessing you sir for all times.......
Thanks for doing this. The Goldstone mechanism is a tricky concept.
Hi ARVIN. If you think about it right. A black hole is a good or perfect example of what an atom probably looks like in realty. On an atom, the electron would be compared to the event horizon on a black hole. A certain section or volume is filled with a fluid or gas or an electrical field, on or near the nucleus. So the pulp or the core would be a supermassive black hole made of heavier elements in subatomic particles. SUBCOOLED and LIQUID STATE these volumes break the atom and resemble our smallest interactions. Whilst the MACRO SENSE looks very similar.
great job👍👍👍👍👍👍
He is definitely very interesting in his talks about the universe
One of the better explanations for beggeners I have heard. Thanks.
Great info, Thank you
the way i see it; the 'symmetry' breaking and conversion are because we assembled the model in this way so its not really answering a 'why'. its like trying to explain the why by saying because there is addition done... symmetry is just a more complex addition.
if we had a full and complete model of the universe we would have no breaking of symmetry given a similar model to what we have now because everything would be accounted for in the equations.
Thanks for doing what you do
Awesome!! Thanks-been thinking about chirality and symmetries for years and this really helped.
Symmetry seemed like something thrown in to complicate the subject
@@freefall9832 it's not
@TD haha comment from the past, I looked into it, and I'm not buying symmetry. Physicists found their rabbit hole and they might be lost to us forever hahaha
@@freefall9832 why aren't you buying symmetry?
@TD I see modern physics built on shaky foundations. The misuse of math to predict future or past events has led to the current state where things aren't adding up. Symmetry, entanglement, red shift are all in doubt and on the chopping block
Why do people keep insisting that the origin of mass is the Higgs boson? The mass of a visible material object is the manifestation of the energy of the creation and annihilation of quarks and antiquarks (kaons) in the nucleus of an atom. The Higgs field is a velocity-regulation mechanism that Spacetime uses to keep massive visible matter objects from reaching light-speed by using their intrinsic masses to generate a resistance to further increases in velocity.
🤯
Most accurate but, simplified easy to understand physics!
Great stuff man, thanks! Keep it up 💪😎🇺🇸
Loved your videos as always!!
When you're ready for the correct explanation of the origin of all mass in the universe, you're ready for matter theory.
According to current knowledge 99% of the mass is from strong force and 1% of the mass is from Higgs field.
Heads up check the link for example ua-cam.com/users/shortsFxE-V3JN-EE?feature=share
Yes, why he went on about Higgs and symmetry is just over complicating the topic
actually it is from the color force
@@robotaholic The color force is the strong force
This is only for composite particles. Elementary particles(except neutrinos) get all their mass from the higgs field
Very interesting and well explains vidoe. Arvin Ash being one of the best to explain complicated things much simplified.
Well explained, thanks
You should check this out ua-cam.com/users/shortsFxE-V3JN-EE?feature=share
great video Arvin ! I think we will still have to wait (insert best guess) years before a full understanding of what is mass ! Is amazing how after 100 years of einstein some of the answers he gave special and general theory of relativity are still not fully reconciled with quantum physics.
Mass is property of Energy. Mass is the name we give to the tendency of highly concentrated energy to resist acceleration when acted upon by an external force.
The question is what is Energy.
@@LyubomirIko Thanks you. Newtown explain gravity and its relationship with mass with this famous equation F = GmM / r^2 . Einsten elaborated and replaced with his theory of general relativity. So that much is clear. What we are yet to understand I think is how is is that this property of emerges (mass) emerges. The explanation of higgs mechanism and how the energy of gluons gives rise to mass is wonderful , Arvin did a great job of explaining all that. But it is not very satisfying. Why gluons have the energy they do or why the higgs potential has the value is does. None of the theories mentioned spo far have explaines where these values come from. That is the great mystery. As you say if we truly understand energy then we may understand how this property of energy as you put it emerges.
@@rajeevyelkur7568 "Why gluons have the energy they do" - as we know - The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another... Yet - gluons breaks this laws every moment - in a constant stream - zipping in and out of existence on top of that -in order to create the whole Universe. It is enormous paradox - both for science, but for philosophy too.
@@LyubomirIko I am not a physicist to give a perfect answer here. But yes the zero point energy paradox as it is called is known as the "worst prediction in physics" order of 10^120 wrong from observation. However I think there is a partial resolution at least 1. particles have positive energy and anti particles negative energy. that should cancel. But gluons are the binding energy . However gluons binding virtual particles and antiparticle pairs according to me at least do not represent energy unless they particles themselves become real . What really makes them "real" is the next question. Yes this part is an unresolved mystery. I have some ideas in this area but its too much to put here as a comment. I believe it has to do with dark energy and how particles become real or come into being. However at this time i do not know of any theory that accounts for dark energy at sub atomic particle levels. I have been trying to gather some ideas about this for some time now.
@@rajeevyelkur7568 It's rather the opposite - the particles are special manifestation of the so called virtual particles. By virtual particles science mean field of particles.
And all particles are virtual particles - there is no other type.
- Read a better description from someone with master degree in science:
In quantum field theory we are taught that virtual particles are just mathematical fictions, only existing inside Feynman diagrams. The only measurable things are "real" particles that exist in the "in" and the "out" external states, the lines entering or leaving a Feynman diagram. However......
..the truth is the reverse. It is the real particles, the external legs on the Feynman diagrams, that are the mathematical fictions, because they are presumed to be free or non-interacting, which is just a mathematical convenience - a fiction - to simplify the calculations. It is the virtual particles that really exist and that the rest of the world interacts with. The universe is just a set of particle interactions or Feynman diagrams, without artificial boundaries; we are "inside" the diagrams.
Amazing information !
Nick picking question: 12:57 the y-axis represents the energy level, but what is the meaning of the x-axis?
Y axis is potential energy. X axis is the expectation value of the field. I talked about what expectation value is in the video. It has to do with the overall energy of particle/anti-particle creation and annihilation in the field.
Dimensions increases with characteristics. 0D has no characteristics 1D gains length 2D gains width and 3D gains height. But what comes next?
What does the 4th dimension gains? Time. The Universe expands and the space expands with it, space expands in the 4th dimension and since the 4th dimension is time it flows forward as the expansion. Gravity affects the flow of time. Why?
Because mass slows down the rate of expansion of the 4th dimension. Since we are 3D beings it is hard for us to think about time as a spacial dimension. Think of a hypercube, it is made of two cubes with its corners joined by lines. Those lines represents time and the expansion of that line represents the forward flow of time
A hypercube is made of 8 cubes
How much LSD does it need to think that way? 😉
PS: I do not want to imply you are wrong.
What is the universe expanding into?
@@Vitamin.Z Nothing
@@Vitamin.Z There is no "into" as into implies an already given space.
The space expansion happens in the fourth dimension, in time. If you would stop time you would also stop space expansion and if you would turn back the "clock" the existing space would shrink until there is no more time and space.
There is an entity called "spacetime" that is hard to grasp. The separation of space and time is our illusion. It is like separating the second dimension from the third dimension or the separation of the first dimension from the second dimension. They are an essential part of each other.
Try to see it this way, imagine us living in a universe with only one dimension. If you want to meet me there you need just 1 information like the distance on a ruler, for example the house number if the world would be a street. Now imagine living in a two dimensional world, you would need 2 informations to meet me on a surface (the x- and the y-axes), it would be like living in a town, you also need the street name and house number. Now imagine living in a three dimensional world, like for example a big city with skyscrapers, you would need 3 informations, the street, the house number and the floor number. Is this enough to meet me? No, because we live in a four dimensional world, therefore in order to meet me you need also the time or you would miss me. Therefore to locate me you need 4 informations, time including. This should be proof enough that we live in a four dimensional world.
Einstein used his imagination to derive his theories; and this channel is likely going to help the next group of us to better explain our world.
Mass units such as a neutron or proton have, are photons of wavelength 2pi Planck length trapped over their own gravity with the help of a neutrino
m=E/c²
mass is energy in orbit over a sphere, trapped by its own gravity creating classical inertia c² (v²) creating inertia.
Arvin- as always, you explain things in a way that even a dumb shit like me can understand! I will never be able to comprehend the elaborate physics and math it takes to truly grasp the secrets of the universe, but your videos at least allow me to bask in the glow of all its wonder. Thanks- Rich
great as always 👏🏻🇧🇷
The Universe is not just expanding the whole Universe is also rotating which started with the big bang.
This must be mass week. Anton Petrov also had a video on his UA-cam channel this week called "But What Exactly Is Mass And How Is It Formed?"
Hey check this example out ua-cam.com/users/shortsFxE-V3JN-EE?feature=share
PBS Space Time released one also commeting on QCED and gluon energy to be causing the rest of the mass.
I like to think energy in place of mass to keep it a straight
mind blown in 15 mins.......
Great explanation. I finally understand the Mexican hat potential.
So the Higgs seems to exist to supply enough particles with starter "mass" so they can bond and create the actual mass via gluon interactions. Fascinating.
The meaning of mass has been deciphered in the "Novel quantitative push gravity/electricity theory poised for verification". It provides an alternative platform to map out existing experimental data. Hopefully, there may be a correspondence between the outlined ideas in the above video and the ideas on mass, force fields, black holes and much more derived by the proposed novel theory. It is much easier to conceptualize with palpable explanations. The examination of alternatives is always a fruitful exercise. Please give it a try.
That explains in my opinion where the energy comes from when the bond is broken by fission !The Gluon binding force AKA Mass of approx 1000 MeV / proton is released via radiation as it is no longer needed reducing the measured mass each time this happens.
Does any body agree or is this TBS ?
both the weak force and strong force are invovled in nuclear fission. if the nm,ber of nuetrons and protons is not the same then weak force is also involved. otherwise you could say its just the strong force (ie gluons)
4D & 3D particle ages as Universe contains the 2nd dimension or Higgs Field stores information in 2 dimensions and allows faster than light, left handed neutrinos by mirroring these particles in the 3rd dimension which annihilate giving mass to the particles that pass through ths 2D layer of Universe.
I think it was pretty beautiful
Hey! I'm wondering if the equations for the mass of things like the W, Z bosons, Higgs Boson, and Top Quark can be covered since I'm really interested in the math that goes into those particles.
Even if it's really simplified equations I'd love to see any articles that cover this topic or even videos - since I still don't entirely know how these things are calculated - just that they are, and I wanna know the "how?" that goes into it. Love your videos and they're quite helpful for understanding our world and sciences better.
Dr. Ash, you are sooooo cool. I can sorta pretend I know what's going on. But, you are so darn smart, your explanations any land in my brain 14% of the time. :-)
Don't sell yourself short. I expect most people to have to watch a couple of times, at least, before any of this sticks. This is some high level stuff my fried.
At 11:59, the proton example showing the actual measured mass (938 MeV) vs the quarks(9.4MeV).
That total is due to the interactions of the quarks, bosons and fermions with the difference of the total mass (99%) and individual quarks mass (1%).
Energy equals mass. The closer to the speed of light something with mass get the more energy required.
Stands to reason the opposite might be true. If something can start out as massless energy traveling the speed light, interacts with something else that also started out as massless energy, the energy from the interaction would force the particles to slow and in turn form mass. 🤔
I learned a lot from this video, thanks! The graphics were very helpful 🙌
Lately, I've really been spending some time trying to wrap my head around this stuff. Like, a photon is neutral, yet it contains (apparently) a negative and a positive charge, and magnetic north and south poles which alternate? And at 90 degrees - what's that about? I'm sure someone could refer me to a textbook of fundamentals, but I can already see that bottomless rabbit hole. I know life isn't "simple" but it seems as if there's a basic truth I'm not understanding. And photons can become electron/positron pairs...and I haven't even got to hadrons. It makes my head hurt, in a sort of good way.
As I understand it, a charged particle is a field source and a non-charged particle is a field carrier, but not itself a source. So a photon is an EM field carrier, but not an EM field source. That's why it's not charged.
If you want the most basic of analogies or images to imagine, imagine a charged particle like an electron is like a little propeller that induces a vortex motion in the water around it that creates this rotating system, sort of like the electric field in 2D. That's like how a field source works. The photon would be a component of that moving system itself. In the whirlpool image, they are arbitrary points of the rotating water. (The vortex motion is more complex, but this gets the idea across.) A photon is "carrying" the rotating motion of the EM field (it is the motion), but it itself is not a little propeller creating its own vortex with it at the center. So it is not a charged particle. It's a field carrier but not a field source.
When two vortex systems like whirlpools approach, which gives a rough analogy for the electric field in 2D, if they're spinning the opposite direction, opposite charge, they'll drag each other into each other where they intersect, if there's enough energy at that place. If they're spinning the same direction, same charge, they'll push each other back where they intersect. We can model where those two field components intersect and push at each other as a "photon exchange", as two photons mediating the electric "force". They're "field carriers" and "force carriers", but again they're not little propellers spinning up the field themselves. They're just carrying that field motion that the charged particle, the electron, created as the field source.
Contrast all of this to gluons, which are both field carriers and field sources. A color charged quark is a little propeller inducing a vortex motion in the color field as a source, the carrying components of which we call the gluon field, so it's making gluons. But the difference is each component of that field motion, the gluons, are also little propellers themselves that create their own vortexes with themselves at the center, and the whole thing quickly cascades into these runaway propellers making propellers quickly sucking in the whole system back into the low energy state.
I think that's right as a really crude but useful analogy, but anybody can feel free to correct it or make it better as a crude but useful analogy.
@@cademosley4886 wow... that was the most amazing analogy I have ever read
Good start. I have so many questions. Can you spend some time explaining gluons?
Please see the link in the description for strong force. If something is still unclear, post them here.
@@ArvinAsh hey Arvin check this out ... the is an explanatory mini series/ Playlist on my channel ua-cam.com/users/shortsFxE-V3JN-EE?feature=share
@@ArvinAsh Just finished that video. It was quite a brainful! I'll start with 3 questions. If you have time, please endavour to make videos on these issues! 1) Can gluons be observed by direct methods? If not why not? 2) Are there only three "colors", red green, and blue? Or is that a simplification? And why? I understand that there are 8 gluons. What does that actually mean? And as a bonus 4) Can you go into more detail about how protons and neutrons obtain greater mass than the sum of their parts? Is that a relativistic effect due to the rapid motion of these mass objects? Is there a change in the structure of space time that generates this? As always fantastic work! Thank you!
@@Earwaxfire909 1) No. The force between gluons and between gluons and quarks increase with distance so they can never be free. There could be quark gluon plasma which could theoretically exist on its own. 2) There are also anticolors in addition to these colors. 4) They gain more mass than the sum of their parts because the binding energy due to the color charge exchange adds to total energy inside the hadron. The kinetic energy is also a component of this, but it is a small component of the total mass. You have to remember that these particles are not like little balls but excitations in fields that vibrate.
@@ArvinAsh Thank you! One thing that confuses me about 4) is how binding energy and mass seem to be considered interchangeable. That is the scale can weigh materials suggesting a rest mass. But are you saying that the binding energy related mass is somehow contributing to that weight? This is why I was thinking that perhaps the motions of the confined quarks, not the gluons, are giving rise to a mass like relativistic effect. Could you extrapolate? Thanks again!
Another Great AA vid
I love your videos!!
Breaking symmetry creates an attractor (or vice versa)? That is some beauty.
Does it make black holes the correctional facilities for symmetry breakers, sentencing the masses to end in hawking radiation?
The word "energy" which you have used to explain the phenomenon is an ambiguous term because the actual meaning of the word " energy" here is physical forces defined by charges, such as electric force caused by the inter-reactions between charges carried by subatomic particles. Such interactions create electric fields which produce electric forces. Particles carry charges , and anti-particles carry opposite charges to those of particles. When they get in contact with one another, they cancel or annihilate one another, resulting in the sum of their charges = 0, and when there is no charge, there will be no electric field nor the induced force which you guys call as "zero net energy"
So ,the fields keep appearing and disappearing so fast that it is impossible to calculate their net force or net energy
Thank you
1. First "kinetic energy", as the linear momentum of a particulate mass-object that is in motion relative to another (e.g. 'observer') mass-object, as imparted to it by an initial 'pulse' of accelerating force; and the "potential energy" we say a mass-object has that is being held aloft in a (say) gravitational field, are in fact the same thing - the "held aloft" object being, in fact, subjected to a sustained (or you might say, not yet completed pulse of) accelerating force point-radially with respect to the center of mass of the system under consideration.
2. Second, all "motion" is - ultimately - point-radial, originating from "The Big Bang", and still proceeding from it we must assume - no matter which 'direction' a given particulate mass-object is "pushed" by one of its fellows.
What distinguishes a bounded region (such as a "proton") of confined motion (such as that of its "quarks") from the "empty space" (defined by the propagation of EMR photons through it at "the speed of light") surrounding such a region, is precisely that property it exhibits that we call "mass", and which is more accurately described (I propose) as the point-radial (and 'still spinning') fluid vortexual acceleration-flow (complete with 'length contraction' and 'time dilation') imparted to the spacetime contained in that region by some initial point-radially 'explosive' event like "The Big Bang" or a stellar supernova "event".
3. "Spacetime", the 'stuff' we perceive as being "curved" by the presence of a gravitating mass, is an otherwise scale-uniform superfluid medium (SUM) whose self-relative motion -- a.k.a. "acceleration" -- is what endows it with structure (geometric and otherwise).