Disclaimer: My left butt cheek was harmed in the making of this video I'm on Twitter and Instagram at @DrJoeHanson and @okaytobesmart! Tag me if you share the video
Thank you for dealing with this misconception that has been spread by so many science communicators in the past. For the record I admit I was wrong and I linked to a paper in the description of my video. Great work Joe!
@@kvonkirk2340 cars are dangerous if you don't pay attention when you drive (or if someone else doesn't pay attention) or if there's excessive speeding invovled, but ice is an extra parameter....
@@alba2162 Which is why I live on Saubi! It's pretty close, in space terms. Honestly though, if earth wasn't so well quarantined I'd consider moving there! Blue sky, blue water, green plants, some blue plants seems pretty calming! This'll take half a year to send though, since we haven't gotten to internet speeds *that* fast 6 months to get here 6 months to get back. We on Saubi have got to be *very* picky on what earth content we choose to watch.
You have no idea how happy this video made me, I have wondered about this FOREVER. And everyone says friction or pressure, but I've seen BOTH debunked before. My mind can rest on this topic now.
Crazy, as part of a Camb medicine interview prep talk, one of the professors had asked this question, we initiated with friction/pressure but came to the conclusion that had to be wrong because you can’t skate on glass and water doesn’t make a difference in how skateable glass is, so we moved onto the structure of ice, and from basic principles ended up on the conclusion stated in the video, we also ended up talking about how the ‘volatility’ - for lack of a better word for the properties - of the surface water molecules allows it to slide similarly to how graphite of a pencil tip would, adding to the theory stated in the video, was fun combining more basic concepts in order to accumulate to a more difficult answer.
In university geology class, I learned that the surface state (what you called quasi-liquid) of water occurs between the nucleation (supercooling) and melting points. When ice is cooled to below its nucleation point of around -20 Celsius, the surface stops becoming slippery. I also learned the same applies to other minerals and rocks. When a rock is almost melting but not yet molten, say, at 990 degrees Celsius for a melting point of 1000, its surface also becomes slippery.
A meta-state based on quantum fluctuation at the edge. Duality until observed - or slipped upon. Probably why ice so readily sublimates to gas when it should go through the liquid state.
@Stellvia Hoenheim F****ing hell you sure about that? This dude did all of this to educate us and you're calling him shameless?! You ever heard of the definition of shameless?!
That's the kind of thinking that lets you have a device that fits in your hand and lets you access the whole internet. Because someone asked a 'why is ice slippery' question
@ Swampert D That’s one of the reasons people think me not normal. These kind of questions I was asking in my youth. I was 22 yo when my spouse pointed out to me I had a tendency to “tire people out” bc I would talk about everything that fascinated me. That was in 1977 so there was no internet or UA-cam to make videos. Now I am old and tired & ill. So I just enjoy these videos bc I still like this kind of thing. Joe is my kind of nerd.
Wait, if you’ve ever used an ice pick before or done ice climbing, the picks and tools don’t slip out after stabbing into the ice. So I guess it’s not slippery because there’s no quasi liquid inside?
Wait this brings up a question I didn't know I had. Why does the brushing thing they do make it more slippery? Is it melting from the friction? Or are they knocking lose more water marblecules to roll on?
@@besmart Hey DrJoe -- how about you tack a wack at the curling question. That is, why does a curling rock curl in the direction it does? Destin S (SED) tried, and found disagreement among PhD's.
I am a retired engineer and love your videos. They have so much knowledge packed into them I watch at .75 speed to make sure I keep up. Way back in the day I did my thesis on surface tension flow of melted steel in a weld pool. I think what you have described here is surface tension of a solid. I have not read any papers about this yet and that may be an old idea but thanks for keeping this old brain active.
Yeah man me too. I actually responded to that video (others did too), at the time, telling Derek that his explanations didn't work. He said to them that he's aware that there's still questions as to how it works, and somehow turned it into him still being sort of right lol. I don't remember how exactly.
Hanson said this was discovered in the last few years. So Derek Muller's video must be older than the discovery itself. He didn't actually give a definitive answer then, only theories.
"Something as ordinary as frozen water" belies the fact that water is one of the weirdest molecules in the entire universe, as there is virtually nothing else in all of creation that resembles it.
It's because a hunk of spherical-ish space rock in a near vaccuum is about as simple as physics gets but the way the human body interacts with _all_ of the chemicals that make up food is pretty complicated _especially_ considering chemicals will also interact with each other so you have to know how the human body will interact with all chemical combinations potentially found in food and not just individual chemicals. _And_ every human body is different and each of those bodies are dynamic systems that don't stay the same. _And_ it's real easy to get into ethical issues when performing experiments on how certain foods interact with people. _And_ - do I really need to go on or can we accept that maybe life being more complicated than a large rock should be understandable?
Me, on the other hand . . . Luckily, I can convert kg into lb pretty quickly now. (Double it and add 10% of the result--which is just a left-shift of the decimal point of the result.) Getting more practice every day.
So my question now is about the experiment of holding two ice cubes together. Are you exerting enough pressure to make them melt a little and then refreeze? Or, are they sticking together because all the molecules on the surface form additional hydrogen bonds?
I've been obsessed with the science of ice ever since 4th or 5th grade (when I learned atoms get closer together to be solid, except water). That question on why water expands yet becomes solid haunted me until 11th grade when I took chemistry. It was so satisfying to learn that it was due to the charges on hydrogen and oxygen aligning the molecules so perfectly to create hydrogen bonds, with a ton of empty space in between from the hexagonal angles. You sir have just satisfied my other deep curiosity of water. In elementary school I had a book stating the thin layer of water theory was the cause of slipperiness, but I never fully accepted that theory as water on another flat surface did not produce the same effect. Having surface solid molecules constantly bonding and breaking due to not being enveloped by structural bonds makes much more sense.
No it doesn't make much more sense. Firstly, that layer is so infinitesimally small it can hardly be that relevant to our physical bodies. Secondly, what about all the rocks that also have the same sort of molecular arrangements?!?! Why aren't they slippery?!
If a scientist asks you to trust them because they are a scientist, don't trust them. That's why they publish their research and others check their results.
Any loose boundary layer will generally be slipperier than fixed solid, it reduces static friction which is greater than dynamic, in effect it's a lubricant like graphite
@@masonsilvers6789 Pick an episode from somewhere in middle of the 2012 jojo anime, and skip to near the end a bit before the credits start rolling and watch. You can do this few times with different episodes just to reinforce some facts for yourself. After that, come back and apologize.
Fascinating! As soon as you mentioned the disconnected polar molecule layer I was thinking about slipping on marbles, super cool to learn about how that can happen!
I was explaining to one of my employees that ice is slippery because pressure causes the top layer to melt. Then part way through explaining, I realized you can easily slide light-weight flat things that exert very little pressure across ice easily. I then told my employee that this is what I've been told, but it could be wrong, or a half-truth or something, and I wasn't really sure, so take it with a grain of salt.
I think this points out something else which is even more fundamental: everything is always more complicated than you think it is. And if we are just starting to get a handle on why ice is slippery, why do so many people have confidence that we completely understand climate?
Great explanation. Can you also explain how it's possible to cut ice, slowly, with a relatively low amount of force, like a weight suspended on a thread. I've heard this explained by the same pressure phase diagram argument, that doesn't really make sense due to the high pressure needed.
Note to self: Why is ice slippery? Previous theories: - There is a thing layer of water around ice Created by contact When 2 pieces of ice are placed together, they stick. The air is warmer than the ice, so there is a constant layer of water. Created by pressure Ice has a lower density than water. But... On skates 88kg human exerted on 900^2 mm only lowers the melting point by a fraction of 1 degree c. And... with normal shoes it lowers it even less. It would only work on elephants with heels. Created by friction Skating on the ice creates friction, which melts it. But it seems like you can slip even when "standing still". Water on ice is way more slippery than water on a smooth floor. New theory: - The thin slippery layer is not liquid water, or solid ice Created by quasi-liquid layer Water is a polar molecule, uses hydrogen bonding. In liquid state, there are less bonds than in solid state. On the surface of ice though, the molecule may only have 1 bond, hence "tumble around in disorder", detaching and reattaching itself to the ice and each other.. Problem: It's very hard to determine the properties of quasi-liquids, as the boarder between quasi-liquid state and solid state are very difficult to pinpoint. Where is the boarder? How to we categorise it? How thick even is it? Summary: Ice is slippery partially because of melting and fiction, mainly because of the H2Os coming loose on the ice's quasi-liquid layer.
We should have known. At engineering school, when we were taught that water in any of its three phases do something weird (solid less dense than liquid, autoionization of water, six-side crystalline structure of ice, etc.), this is always attributed to its capability to H-bond. And indeed, H-bonding did something weird again! Thanks Joe!
Feynman talked about how on the surface of liquid water, there is constantly an exchange of more highly charged h20 molecules in the water with less highly charged h20 molecules in the air. When the flow is out of balance, the water evaporates.
This makes sense. Being a delivery driver I have had my fun with ice and snow and nothing is as slippery as black ice when stepped on with a snow covered boot.
Wait aren’t there astronomical objects who have ice that is formed through pressure even though its temperature is way above the melting point of water ?
The video has the simple Phase Diagram for water, fit for normal daily life. It gets a bit more complicated when you push it to further extremes. It is also more complicated in that there isn't just a single version of ice, but rather something like 18+ known versions (and some more that are still only theoretical?) produced at different extremes with different structures and properties.
That's a different kind of ice, such as ice VI, ice VII, or ice X. Different arrangements of the water molecules either to different crystal lattices, or no crystal lattice at all (amorphous ice). The ice we normally interact with, ice I, melts under higher pressure, but once the pressure gets high enough, it can reform as a solid with a different structure. Water is very, _very_ weird.
@Yasuri Kressh I'm not aware of any astronomical objects with that kind of ice, but yes, it is possible. If you extend the phase diagram to even higher pressures, the ice takes on a different structure (I think it may be cubic, instead of the familiar hexagonal ice). This cubic ice is *more dense* than not just regular ice, but also more dense than normal liquid water! So it would actually sink.
Properly sharpened skates have a slight concave curve between the two sides, and the skater alternates between the two edges when skating. Thus the pressure from the blade is much greater than the simplistic calculation that you used when you assumed that the entire blade width was in contact with the ice. Also only part of the blade is in contact with the ice from front-to-back, not the entire length of the blade. Even if the blade is flat, the skater still alternates between the two edges.
Oh man. I got to know ur channel from my girlfriend and what can I say? I've learned a lot from you and it's always getting more and better. But the best part of your videos is that you don't take yourself too seriously. There's always the small piece of humor that makes your videos sooo special! I love it!
This really feels like one of those 'well duh, why didnt i think of that' moments, and really shows that simple questions sometimes have really really simple answers.
Not necessarilly, proxy traffic is just forwarding specific data to point b and then outwards, a vpn typically will have more security and will encrypt everything outbound of a network for a specific device.
Another advantage of a VPN is that it is a proxy for all kinds of connections, while a "proxy" proxy is just for HTTP. Also, it lets you connect multiple devices to one virtual LAN network, but maybe some VPN services don't allow that.
Honestly this came at the best time. Everything where I live is currently under a pretty thick coat of ice, so now I know exactly what to blame for how sore I am from falling while trying to clear it off!
I'm not so good on ice but I love skiing. Snow behaves completely different yet again even though it is the same molecule. You can create slippery ice by compressing snow, but on its own snow isn't slippery at all. On the contrary: it really helps when fighting the slipperiness of ice. Until it begins to form compact ice underneath... fascinating.
Disclaimer: My left butt cheek was harmed in the making of this video
I'm on Twitter and Instagram at @DrJoeHanson and @okaytobesmart! Tag me if you share the video
As long as it's only a butt cheek, you should be OK. ;)
Put some ice on it
Okay
Everyone's looking at you weird lmao
"It's the perfect texture for running"
Thank you for dealing with this misconception that has been spread by so many science communicators in the past.
For the record I admit I was wrong and I linked to a paper in the description of my video. Great work Joe!
Science is an ever-correcting process! You’re a good sport Derek. High five, my friend 🤓
Good on you
👏
I was swiping for this.
Wow veritusium
"hey smart people...I just dislocated my shoulder.."
My mom said she did something similar to the intro except she broke her wrist
@@bland9876 ice is dangerous.. almost died in a car accident at some point due to ice..
@@FacelessOfficial1 are you sure its not the cars that are dangerous? they kill people all the time with no ice around.
@@kvonkirk2340 cars are dangerous if you don't pay attention when you drive (or if someone else doesn't pay attention) or if there's excessive speeding invovled, but ice is an extra parameter....
This guy at my job dislocated his shoulder by falling on ice the other day 😰
- You fell on the ice??
- No, I fell on the non-solid, quasi-liquid layer on the surface of the ice. Those darn free-moving H₂0 molecules…
this made my day
This made me smile
*Don’t pretend we didn’t see that, “As dense as you?” when he was talking about ice’s density.*
Lmao
The Earth is mean
@@alba2162
Which is why I live on Saubi!
It's pretty close, in space terms.
Honestly though, if earth wasn't so well
quarantined
I'd consider moving there!
Blue sky, blue water, green plants, some blue plants
seems pretty calming!
This'll take half a year to send though, since we haven't gotten to internet speeds *that* fast
6 months to get here
6 months to get back.
We on Saubi have got to be *very* picky on what earth content we choose to watch.
@@strawber3seal_77 there is also red plants
lmao i noticed that too
“Solid rock doesn’t float on lava”
tektonic plates: “Am I a joke to you?”
Tectonic plates float on the mantle, which isn't really liquid.
Tectonic plates comes under lithosphere, which made up of crust and upper mantle
@@pjabrony8280 the mantle is liquid...
@@dhgfhhhghhj Quoting Wikipedia: "It is predominantly solid but in geological time it behaves as a viscous fluid".
@@jacobf_139 ...no.
You have no idea how happy this video made me, I have wondered about this FOREVER. And everyone says friction or pressure, but I've seen BOTH debunked before. My mind can rest on this topic now.
SAME.
For now...
Crazy, as part of a Camb medicine interview prep talk, one of the professors had asked this question, we initiated with friction/pressure but came to the conclusion that had to be wrong because you can’t skate on glass and water doesn’t make a difference in how skateable glass is, so we moved onto the structure of ice, and from basic principles ended up on the conclusion stated in the video, we also ended up talking about how the ‘volatility’ - for lack of a better word for the properties - of the surface water molecules allows it to slide similarly to how graphite of a pencil tip would, adding to the theory stated in the video, was fun combining more basic concepts in order to accumulate to a more difficult answer.
You should've just waited till your 12th grade then
Same
That "To be continued" meme made me laugh hard
JOOOOOJO
it chortled me
@@shalice7784 GOLDEN WIND
lepyrus G I O G I OOO
Joe made a JoeJoe reference😂
In university geology class, I learned that the surface state (what you called quasi-liquid) of water occurs between the nucleation (supercooling) and melting points. When ice is cooled to below its nucleation point of around -20 Celsius, the surface stops becoming slippery.
I also learned the same applies to other minerals and rocks. When a rock is almost melting but not yet molten, say, at 990 degrees Celsius for a melting point of 1000, its surface also becomes slippery.
The thumbnail:
NOT SOLID, NOT LIQUID
My brain:
GAS
I was thinking of plasma
The Unlucky Seagull u were that kid huh
me, an intellectual: Plasma
A meta-state based on quantum fluctuation at the edge. Duality until observed - or slipped upon. Probably why ice so readily sublimates to gas when it should go through the liquid state.
I was thinking of jello
Just seeing the people in the background looking at him is hilarious 😂
They're staying curious. Especially the girl in gray.
Doxie Lain if anyone was wandering. 6:50
@@phoenixsspark6150 wondering*
@Stellvia Hoenheim F****ing hell you sure about that? This dude did all of this to educate us and you're calling him shameless?! You ever heard of the definition of shameless?!
ORO 0147 well he has no shame. There’s a negative connotation sure but I feel like in this case it’s less of an insult and more of a fact
Normal people: ice skating is so fun
Joe: why is ice slippery?
Progress is fun.
That's the kind of thinking that lets you have a device that fits in your hand and lets you access the whole internet. Because someone asked a 'why is ice slippery' question
@ Swampert D That’s one of the reasons people think me not normal. These kind of questions I was asking in my youth. I was 22 yo when my spouse pointed out to me I had a tendency to “tire people out” bc I would talk about everything that fascinated me. That was in 1977 so there was no internet or UA-cam to make videos. Now I am old and tired & ill. So I just enjoy these videos bc I still like this kind of thing. Joe is my kind of nerd.
Who's Joe?
@@refineKC whom you just saw.
Wait, question: does this mean that the inside of an ice cube isn't slippery?
Could we ever test that? My brain hurts...
The ice my fridge makes is not slippery?
@Tyler Meier but is it? *Vsauce music plays*
Wait, if you’ve ever used an ice pick before or done ice climbing, the picks and tools don’t slip out after stabbing into the ice. So I guess it’s not slippery because there’s no quasi liquid inside?
Yes officer, this comment here
If the inside of an ice cube was slippery, it would not hold its shape.
It’s not liquid, but it’s not solid”
Me: it’s jello
jelly is solid
Imagine how smart I will look telling this to my children when they start understanding the concept of molecules and atoms.
When I did a video about curling, they tried to explain ice to me and they FAILED. You succeeded, my friend. 💕
Thank you friend!
What is this a crossover episode?
Wait this brings up a question I didn't know I had. Why does the brushing thing they do make it more slippery? Is it melting from the friction? Or are they knocking lose more water marblecules to roll on?
@@chestersnap probably both, but I'm mainly commenting to give you props on coining the term marblecules.
@@besmart Hey DrJoe -- how about you tack a wack at the curling question. That is, why does a curling rock curl in the direction it does? Destin S (SED) tried, and found disagreement among PhD's.
Thanks Dr. Joe for sacrificing your butt for that cool intro!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
@@besmart
@@zack7122 Gröss
Just put some on ice on it and you'll be fine
@@Joetoep but CAN you...?
Plays Vsauce intro
Me: its because of a thin layer of water
Joe: No
Me: Oh
Joe: But kinda
Me: ??
sheepco well no, but actually -no- kinda
Yes, but maybe sorta definitely.
Is a single molecule of water considered solid if it’s at -5°C and 1atm?
Well no, and actually no. Quasi-liquid is not liquid.
@@PajamaMan44 Single molecules don't have a phase to my knowledge. That is a property of multiple molecules together.
Teacher: There are 3 states of matter, Solid, Liquid, Gas.
Student: There are really 4, Plasma as well
Me: um, actually...
what about Bose - Einstein condensate?
Or Fermionic condensate?
Time crystals?
@@Ergo... thanks, nobody ever mentions them
Hyperliquid?
I am a retired engineer and love your videos. They have so much knowledge packed into them I watch at .75 speed to make sure I keep up. Way back in the day I did my thesis on surface tension flow of melted steel in a weld pool. I think what you have described here is surface tension of a solid. I have not read any papers about this yet and that may be an old idea but thanks for keeping this old brain active.
I'm still annoyed at Veritasium for doing a video on this with the wrong information
I wasn't gonna name names… LOVE YOU DEREK
That's fair but I feel we should be tolerant as it's near 8 years old and we're smarterer humans now now.
Yeah man me too. I actually responded to that video (others did too), at the time, telling Derek that his explanations didn't work. He said to them that he's aware that there's still questions as to how it works, and somehow turned it into him still being sort of right lol. I don't remember how exactly.
Hanson said this was discovered in the last few years. So Derek Muller's video must be older than the discovery itself. He didn't actually give a definitive answer then, only theories.
@@derekdjay I'll look at his video again. I don't want to be disingenuous.
"Solid rock doesn't float on lava"
*Laughs in Continent*
It does in movies i seen it
the crust is not really the solid form of magma though. it is made up of different materials which are lighter than magma.
🤣🤣🤣
The mantle is solid though, and the asthenosphere is... Funky
Continents don’t float on lava/magma they float on the mantle which isn’t really liquid. I always thought of the mantle as like thick cookie dough.
"Something as ordinary as frozen water" belies the fact that water is one of the weirdest molecules in the entire universe, as there is virtually nothing else in all of creation that resembles it.
And it's still amazingly common.
@@crackedemerald4930 Because hydrogen and oxygen are incredibly common.
I'm gonna need more context to this comment lol, got a youtube video I can check out?
Up next: The actual reason why water is wet.
Water is not wet. Check your facts.
@ water is wet lmao
And bonus episode: is ice wet?
My brother and I were arguing about it this morning while having breakfast😂
@@FirstNameLastName-rh6zc damn
6:09
The last place I’d expect to find a jojos reference
In solid-state physics, this would be known as a surface state.
Hi solid-state physics.. I'm dad
@@blakelee4555 Dangit it's supposed to say *"in"!* I freaking hate autocorrect!
@@DANGJOS oh but now it's not funny anymore
@@mr2octavio The fact that the reply doesn't make sense anymore makes it even better. Now you have to piece together what happened.
@@LordAJ12345 pretty easy to piece, only needed to read 2 replies
We do know more about the moon than water and food.
Yep that's right and sad 😅
@@maya_yaser wow
its true, we also don't know why melted ice tastes the way it does. I mean its like the most common thing and yet it still holds so many mysteries.
Brandon Woodyard All the Melted ice I’ve come across tastes like the water before it froze...am I missing something here? 😂
It's because a hunk of spherical-ish space rock in a near vaccuum is about as simple as physics gets but the way the human body interacts with _all_ of the chemicals that make up food is pretty complicated _especially_ considering chemicals will also interact with each other so you have to know how the human body will interact with all chemical combinations potentially found in food and not just individual chemicals. _And_ every human body is different and each of those bodies are dynamic systems that don't stay the same. _And_ it's real easy to get into ethical issues when performing experiments on how certain foods interact with people. _And_ - do I really need to go on or can we accept that maybe life being more complicated than a large rock should be understandable?
IOTBS: *falls*
Guy in the background: What happened?
Just say Joe....his name is Joe
@@resonance-cascade I, for some reason, did not know that!
*EDIT:* but i am gonna leave it :P
@@robertsteel3563 i said it just for you to know... ;)
@@resonance-cascadethnx! :)
Committee: "Why would you like money?"
Scientist: "To find out why ice is slippery."
Committee: "Um…"
"We should abolish ICE."
Ice caps continue to melt.
"No not like that."
6:08 WAS THAT A JOJO REFERENCE??
YES!
MASAKA! *ORAORAORAORAORAORAORA*
Yare yare daze😑
Is that the seinfeld bass music playing?
If they make something scientific about jjba universe, things like kars trap in space forever
Joe: I am going to make an episode about ice.
Also Joe: Okay, I need to learn to ice skate before that episode.
I know the rink this was filmed at! Chaparral in Austin, Texas!
Bingo!
*TEXAS INTENSIFIES*
Haha I’ve been here a couple of times!
Lol, I've been there but I was just thinking a lot of ice skating rinks look pretty similar.
*yee haw people have entered the chat* (including me!)
6:09, Literally, Jojo Memes are taking the internet.
fixed: JoJo memes have taken the internet.
@Gurnaj Virk Yes it is. if you have ever watched the show, even the first part, you would know
@Gurnaj Virk it literally exists just because of jojo
@Gurnaj Virk a meme is a think that impacts our culture or popular in one
meme can be joke
but not all jokes are memes
@Gurnaj Virk ok then
UA-cam: Hey you wanna see a video about why ice is slippery?
Me: Yeah sure why not.
The slipperiness must be the work of an enemy stand!
Ho so you're stepping on me ?
Even tho you're grandfather told you how slippery I am.
*JOJO INTENSIFIES*
Ah yes, Jojo...
SOFTO ENDO WETTO
@@madison8818 Your comment was disliked by beetle enthusiasts world round
6:08 Quality meme 😂👍
6:09
@@shalice7784 6:08 is better, it allows time for the joke to happen.
A daily dose of JoJo memes makes my day..
The joke didn't quite land.
Thank you for using the metric system. I was able to understand things without the need to constantly look up coversions
mhalsari booooo
Me, on the other hand . . . Luckily, I can convert kg into lb pretty quickly now. (Double it and add 10% of the result--which is just a left-shift of the decimal point of the result.) Getting more practice every day.
@@joesterling4299 I still don't understand why anyone thought that keeping the imperial system was a good idea. The conversions are illogical.
So my question now is about the experiment of holding two ice cubes together. Are you exerting enough pressure to make them melt a little and then refreeze? Or, are they sticking together because all the molecules on the surface form additional hydrogen bonds?
Melt and refreeze
I've been obsessed with the science of ice ever since 4th or 5th grade (when I learned atoms get closer together to be solid, except water). That question on why water expands yet becomes solid haunted me until 11th grade when I took chemistry. It was so satisfying to learn that it was due to the charges on hydrogen and oxygen aligning the molecules so perfectly to create hydrogen bonds, with a ton of empty space in between from the hexagonal angles.
You sir have just satisfied my other deep curiosity of water. In elementary school I had a book stating the thin layer of water theory was the cause of slipperiness, but I never fully accepted that theory as water on another flat surface did not produce the same effect. Having surface solid molecules constantly bonding and breaking due to not being enveloped by structural bonds makes much more sense.
No it doesn't make much more sense.
Firstly, that layer is so infinitesimally small it can hardly be that relevant to our physical bodies.
Secondly, what about all the rocks that also have the same sort of molecular arrangements?!?! Why aren't they slippery?!
6:10 okay, you caught me off guard on this one 😂 lmao
I read in a journal that this question is one of the few not understood questions of science.
Thanks!
🤣
If a scientist asks you to trust them because they are a scientist, don't trust them. That's why they publish their research and others check their results.
6:06 never thought I'd live to see the day there would be a Jojo reference in a PBS video
Now we need to see a Za Warudo time freeze in an episode of Space Time
Every time you skip forward in a video is a Jojo reference. You're using King Crimson.
Everything is a jojo reference
i can't be the only one who stopped when that happened scrolled down jsut to see this
Yes
Sawdust on my smooth shop floor makes it very slippery - because it prevents cohesion between floor and shoe. Same thing? Kinda?
Any loose boundary layer will generally be slipperier than fixed solid, it reduces static friction which is greater than dynamic, in effect it's a lubricant like graphite
This actually makes so much sense!! I love that we never stop learning!!
Nice JoJo's reference *slipped* in there. Heh...
I-its not...
It's a meme from some years ago.
@@masonsilvers6789 Pick an episode from somewhere in middle of the 2012 jojo anime, and skip to near the end a bit before the credits start rolling and watch. You can do this few times with different episodes just to reinforce some facts for yourself. After that, come back and apologize.
dude. it was a meme back then, he doesn’t have to know jojo to make the meme.
Jason Akers I’m glad that you mentioned it
Is that Jojo reference?
ROUNDABOUT ON THIS VIDEO MADE IT 10 TIMES BETTER
when he entered i thought yuri on ice... am i weird?
Epic
@@mysticvitriol no ure big cool
It's not a Jojo reference, it's a _motherfucking_ Jojo reference
5:45 this model using marbles is a good way of explaining it. my gut feeling was it had to do with the x-stal structure at the interface
Hi! I’m curious, why did you use “x-stal” instead of “crystal”? :)
Fascinating! As soon as you mentioned the disconnected polar molecule layer I was thinking about slipping on marbles, super cool to learn about how that can happen!
I was explaining to one of my employees that ice is slippery because pressure causes the top layer to melt.
Then part way through explaining, I realized you can easily slide light-weight flat things that exert very little pressure across ice easily.
I then told my employee that this is what I've been told, but it could be wrong, or a half-truth or something, and I wasn't really sure, so take it with a grain of salt.
That animation of Joe slipping on marbles made my day 🤣
need more Jojo references in awesome vids like these
Fun fact:
Quasi is an Italian word that translates to almost in english.
It is actually Old Italian, AKA "Latin".
it is also a german word
i mean.. it's also an English word that means almost
@@valkyriewave9591 I've never heared someone use quasi in english, except in scientific context
@@frikativos I'm pretty sure it's used in modern Italian as well
6:08 I know that meme is dead, but I laughed really hard.
it aint dead if you are a jojo fan
@@ok-tr1nw im not jojo fans but I often see that meme
"As dense as you? "
Bruhhhhhh
Anyone else notice the “As dense as you?” In the background at like 2:18 ish
So it's like how graphite gone 1D has really weird properties, so does Ice.
Kieron George 🤔 you might be on to something
If y'all discovered smth just say it imma just leave a reply here
The title should be: "The Actual Reason Why Vanilla Ice is Slippery"
nice
nice
nice
Iggy! Get out of here!.! Oh god!
Yea he was so slippery that polnareff slipped and almost died
If H2S was cooled to below it’s melting point would it be slippery? The hydrogen bonds in H2S are slightly weaker
I was wondering this exact question while making the video. I was not able to find an answer. Maybe someone else can.
@@besmart I Love your videos 🥰
Water is kinda cool;
•highest termical capacity
•consists of gases
•less dense as solid compared to liquid
•slippery solid
And so on...
2:17 Oof that burn. was that from the editor? yipes. xD
(Words under the picture in the background)
"we'll always be uncovering new mysteries" is the most comforting AND terrifying truth of our decade😵😂
"Solid rocks don't float on larva"
Earth's crust on the mantle.
Indeed you are correct. Solid rocks don't float on "larva"... They just crush them flat. All that insect larva never had a chance.
@@g3tsiak547 oof
The mantle isn't liquid, it's solid. The immense pressures just make it act fluid-like in geological time.
No one:
Editors: *aS dEnSe As YoU?*
I think this points out something else which is even more fundamental: everything is always more complicated than you think it is. And if we are just starting to get a handle on why ice is slippery, why do so many people have confidence that we completely understand climate?
Great explanation. Can you also explain how it's possible to cut ice, slowly, with a relatively low amount of force, like a weight suspended on a thread. I've heard this explained by the same pressure phase diagram argument, that doesn't really make sense due to the high pressure needed.
This just makes me love science even more
“Solid rocks don’t float on lava”
The island floating in the middle of Kilauea volcano would beg to differ
Note to self:
Why is ice slippery?
Previous theories:
- There is a thing layer of water around ice
Created by contact
When 2 pieces of ice are placed together, they stick.
The air is warmer than the ice, so there is a constant layer of water.
Created by pressure
Ice has a lower density than water.
But... On skates 88kg human exerted on 900^2 mm only lowers the melting point by a fraction of 1 degree c.
And... with normal shoes it lowers it even less.
It would only work on elephants with heels.
Created by friction
Skating on the ice creates friction, which melts it.
But it seems like you can slip even when "standing still".
Water on ice is way more slippery than water on a smooth floor.
New theory:
- The thin slippery layer is not liquid water, or solid ice
Created by quasi-liquid layer
Water is a polar molecule, uses hydrogen bonding.
In liquid state, there are less bonds than in solid state.
On the surface of ice though, the molecule may only have 1 bond, hence "tumble around in disorder", detaching and reattaching itself to the ice and each other..
Problem:
It's very hard to determine the properties of quasi-liquids, as the boarder between quasi-liquid state and solid state are very difficult to pinpoint.
Where is the boarder?
How to we categorise it?
How thick even is it?
Summary:
Ice is slippery partially because of melting and fiction, mainly because of the H2Os coming loose on the ice's quasi-liquid layer.
We should have known. At engineering school, when we were taught that water in any of its three phases do something weird (solid less dense than liquid, autoionization of water, six-side crystalline structure of ice, etc.), this is always attributed to its capability to H-bond. And indeed, H-bonding did something weird again! Thanks Joe!
Feynman talked about how on the surface of liquid water, there is constantly an exchange of more highly charged h20 molecules in the water with less highly charged h20 molecules in the air. When the flow is out of balance, the water evaporates.
But then why are not all crystaline structures slippery? Salt?
No H bonds, NaCl = trigonal planar
Salt BP/MP different.
@@syndicatepro8174 Actually what else is there out there that's like H-bonds in water really? H-bonds are weird.
@@bemusedbandersnatch2069 I could be wrong but I’m pretty sure water is such a unique molecule due it’s hydrogen bonds being entirely unique.
5:17 that escalated quickly
So solids don't exist because you can scratch them. Wow
What?
This makes sense. Being a delivery driver I have had my fun with ice and snow and nothing is as slippery as black ice when stepped on with a snow covered boot.
5:19 is my body when someone tells me to hold still
Obligatory NordVPN warning: do some research before giving them your money.
Wait aren’t there astronomical objects who have ice that is formed through pressure even though its temperature is way above the melting point of water ?
I'm not scientist but perhaps the pressure is so great it forces the molecules together creating ice even at a extremely high temperature.
Water has several forms of ice, at very very high pressures you can form those ices. Look for the phase diagram of water on google.
The video has the simple Phase Diagram for water, fit for normal daily life. It gets a bit more complicated when you push it to further extremes. It is also more complicated in that there isn't just a single version of ice, but rather something like 18+ known versions (and some more that are still only theoretical?) produced at different extremes with different structures and properties.
That's a different kind of ice, such as ice VI, ice VII, or ice X. Different arrangements of the water molecules either to different crystal lattices, or no crystal lattice at all (amorphous ice). The ice we normally interact with, ice I, melts under higher pressure, but once the pressure gets high enough, it can reform as a solid with a different structure. Water is very, _very_ weird.
@Yasuri Kressh I'm not aware of any astronomical objects with that kind of ice, but yes, it is possible. If you extend the phase diagram to even higher pressures, the ice takes on a different structure (I think it may be cubic, instead of the familiar hexagonal ice). This cubic ice is *more dense* than not just regular ice, but also more dense than normal liquid water! So it would actually sink.
This is what he was talking about at Tedx.
The amount of extremely detailed and easy to understand visuals on this channel is amazing
Properly sharpened skates have a slight concave curve between the two sides, and the skater alternates between the two edges when skating. Thus the pressure from the blade is much greater than the simplistic calculation that you used when you assumed that the entire blade width was in contact with the ice. Also only part of the blade is in contact with the ice from front-to-back, not the entire length of the blade. Even if the blade is flat, the skater still alternates between the two edges.
Jojo reference 6:10
Short: gravitation sucks
Long: pressure + gravitation sucks even more
Ah Yes, enslaved water.
Oh man. I got to know ur channel from my girlfriend and what can I say? I've learned a lot from you and it's always getting more and better. But the best part of your videos is that you don't take yourself too seriously. There's always the small piece of humor that makes your videos sooo special! I love it!
This really feels like one of those 'well duh, why didnt i think of that' moments, and really shows that simple questions sometimes have really really simple answers.
So in layman’s terms,
Ice is broken like literally everything else in existence?
How is anything in existence broken?
Like what else?
VPNs offer additional security only over a public network. Otherwise, it's just a proxy.
But an encrypted proxy, right?
@@Zomakoguy nope
@@Zomakoguy ua-cam.com/video/WVDQEoe6ZWY/v-deo.html
Not necessarilly, proxy traffic is just forwarding specific data to point b and then outwards, a vpn typically will have more security and will encrypt everything outbound of a network for a specific device.
Another advantage of a VPN is that it is a proxy for all kinds of connections, while a "proxy" proxy is just for HTTP. Also, it lets you connect multiple devices to one virtual LAN network, but maybe some VPN services don't allow that.
i don’t know much about maths but i think it’s a gas
MilkyWay Galaxy do you see things on a galactic level?
Astolfo The Trap no
Always thought ice was not really slippery - it just somehow quickly changes your center-of-gravity.
This is very apparent in very cold conditions. Ice in -20°C or colder is noticeably less slippery and rougher than ice at 0°C
I hate ice it cold , slippery and forms everywhere.
Didn’t NordVPN have data leaks?
Do you have the source ?
Sun Hat thanks
+Sun Hat Yeah, it's sad. I try to avoid channels like that. At least do some research before selling our your audience to some shady business.
6:09 *KILA QWUEEEN HAS ALREADY TOUCHED THE ICE*
So the watermolecules are basically small ball bearings on top of the ice. Nice.
Honestly this came at the best time. Everything where I live is currently under a pretty thick coat of ice, so now I know exactly what to blame for how sore I am from falling while trying to clear it off!
Ice is ice and ice will slip
JerryRigEverything
Water is water and water will freeze
6:08 Is that a motherf***ing jojo reference? O_O
OMG AHAHAH
no
damn I'm early for a good video
I let this sit in my watch later for 2 days because I thought I knew the answer already.
Thanks for teaching me something!
I'm not so good on ice but I love skiing.
Snow behaves completely different yet again even though it is the same molecule.
You can create slippery ice by compressing snow, but on its own snow isn't slippery at all.
On the contrary: it really helps when fighting the slipperiness of ice. Until it begins to form compact ice underneath... fascinating.