Anthocyanin Overview Genetic Regulation and Field Observations of Cannabis
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- Опубліковано 1 лип 2024
- Anthocyanin Overview Genetic Regulation and Field Observations of Cannabis
Professor DeBacco
Research Article
Khoo, H. E., Azlan, A., Tang, S. T., & Lim, S. M. (2017). Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: Colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food & nutrition research, 61(1), 1361779.
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/...
What Are Anthocyanins?
Anthocyanins, are colored water-soluble pigments which are a class of flavonoids, impart pigmentation to the plant parts and play important roles in plant environment interactions.
These compounds can also have medical benefits as well.
More Than one Anthocyonin
Blueberries contain 5 out of the 6
Missing pelargonidin
Each has a different coloration, however the color is influenced by pH, light, temperature and structure.
In general, anthocyanins are red in acidic conditions and blue when pH is increased.
Color Change Complexities
Color changes in response to pH variation of anthocyanin
Can be used as a pH indicator and extracted from red cabbage
Copigmentation
Copigmentation helps to stabilize the color of the leaves, flowers, and fruits of the plant.
Increased color intensity can be due to the copigmentation of anthocyanidins with flavonoids.
Heat and Anthocyanin Extract Solution
Heat treatment of an anthocyanin-rich extract solution may not cause a degradation of anthocyanin pigments.
This is because the extract commonly contains phenolic compounds that are enzymatically degraded by polyphenol oxidase.
Mild heat treatment of the extract to up to 50°C has been shown to inactivate the enzymatic reaction
Without the denaturing of this enzyme the anthocyanin can be preserved despite the increase in temperature.
Extracting Anthocyanins
Organic solvents (Ex. methanol and ethanol)
Considered as a generally safe extraction medium, isolation of anthocyanins using water-based extraction is a less toxic procedure.
Subcritical water-based extraction
Using acidified water (0.01% HCl, pH ~2.3) that is subjected to high temperatures between 110-160°C under a constant pressure of 40 bars
It is a highly efficient technique for extraction of anthocyanins from fruit.
Separation of Anthocyanins
Anthocyanins are extracted from plants as a crude mixture.
For that reason, separation or isolation of specific type of anthocyanin is needed for a specific purpose.
Separation and identification of anthocyanins can be done by various chromatographic methods.
Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis
Article (still under copyright)
Kundan, M., Gani, U., Fayaz, M., Angmo, T., Kesari, R., Rahul, V. P., ... & Misra, P. (2022). Two R2R3-MYB transcription factors, CsMYB33 and CsMYB78 are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Cannabis sativa L. Industrial Crops and Products, 188, 115546.
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
What is a Transcription Factor?
Transcription factors are proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA.
Transcription factors include a wide number of proteins, excluding RNA polymerase, that initiate and regulate the transcription of genes
Why Look at Transcription Factors?
These are important for gene regulation and cell signaling.
This will have a direct impact on the expression (or suppression) of this gene.
MYB Family of Transcription Factors
MYB transcription factors (TFs), as one of the largest gene families in plants.
MYB family of transcription factors plays a vital role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis
99 R2R3-MYB genes have been identified in the C. sativa genome.
R2R3-MYB genes
MYB TFs are also widely involved in the secondary metabolism of organic acids in medicinal plants.
This is a Start…
There is still limited knowledge about the structural and functional attributes of R2R3-MYBs in C. sativa
How Does This Help a Grower?
After this in depth investigation about Anthocyanins, most growers recognize this as purple coloration on their plants.
Often this is the result of an environmental stress.
Two examples of this plant response will be shown…
Prof. DeBacco = Early season transplant shock increasing anthocyanin production in the main stem of outdoor transplanted seedlings
Kiera = Showing increased anthocyanin production on leaf petioles due to a sudden increase in light exposure due to the remove of near by plants shading.
Link to Lecture Slides: drive.google.com/file/d/10nf8...
*Due to the description character limit the full work cited for "Anthocyanin Overview Genetic Regulation and Field Observations of Cannabis" can be viewed at... docs.google.com/document/d/1i...
DeBacco, Bugbee, Jodrey. What a community about this plant! I see why people like it. I'm in my seventh year using, and my life has transformed for the better. Keep doing what you do, Professor!
Thanks for the comment and keep on learning!
Hey thank you for all of these videos, they are very informative in their respective topics. I have not found any other cannabis channels this good
Glad you liked the videos and thanks for the subscription!
Living in the land of the free!!
Thank you for your time and knowledge
Outstanding work
Thanks for watching and taking the time to comment!
Hey man good information. Thank you and keep this up
You are welcome, keep watching;-)
awesoem i was just wanting to learn about the purple colours of cannabis!!
Always great to know timely content is provided!
Another banger, thanks big d 👌
Thanks, be sure to share it with others!
Truly fascinating!
Glad to hear you like the content!
I thought I knew stuff.. then I discovered this channel.... 💥boom 💥
Great quote!
Fantastic Video Thankyou Debacco University
You are welcome, your comment is appreciated!
Thanx professor
You are welcome!
That PH cabbage table.. I have a cultivar that I’ve stabilized that is HIGH in Anthocyanins, thinking of playing around with ph and seeing what happens
Worth a try.
amazing✨✨✨✨✨
Thank you!!
I have a variegated Himalayan Blue Hash male that has no chlorophyll in a section of leaf all the way up. Thinking of using the pollen as a genetic marker in offspring as it is the earliest of the 3 males with nice structure.
Be aware if the "no chlorophyll gene" increases expression you will not have a plant that can grow, but that is an interesting idea to use it as a marker.
Breeding that trait further is going to be useless in the long run.
growing 2 gorilla zkitlezz autoflowers, one is purple bud and sugar leaves the other is completely green in the same tent and everything
Sounds like some genetic variability.
Thanks
No problem.
Basically guys if you get some nice purple smoke and if you spritz some water on it and it bleeds immediately it’s been sprayed and not legit purple.
Very true.
I love purple weed, so much easier to dry without a lot of that hay smell. I assume it's because there is less chlorophyl to break down.
There could be some truth to that.
Thanks for the information. 11:18 sounds like you are saying phenyl'paranoid'.
Glad you liked the information.
@DeBaccoUniversity Thoughts on ice flushing cannabis as a tactic to increase anthocyanin production in DWC or other mediums? Or thoughts on other methods to achieve a desirable coloration?
Light spectrums or environmental stresses are probably more effective methods.
Hey doc does this sort of pigmentation "inhibit" photosynthesis, or help to regulate it from being too extreme? I work in Dermatology and this strikes me almost as a plants form of "melanin" that it express to create a "tan" to help mitigate UV damage. Cheers.
Certainly does shift the spectrum of absorption for the plant, but it tends to develop later in the season or due to environmental stress.
In my experience, it seems that purple plants prefer less light and heat than green plants. I assume that has something to do with chlorophyll vs anthocyanin production.
i think genetics play a big roll?
Typically the production of anthocyaninis is due to excessive light or stress.
Not necessarily. My buddy grew Hindu Kush from seed and included a phenom that had green leaves but purple buds. The rest of the plants were all green,but they all were the same besides this variation in that one specimen.
So. Purple stems in a Indoor LED
Grow shown up because of the higher anthocyanin, due to any stress levels.? Does anthocyanin affect the terpene resin or cannabinoid Produktion?
@@cannibalsoulzeitdiebone8393 LED"s with sophisticated spectrums could aid in increased anthocyanin production. The pigment can travel up the trichome stalk, even into the bulb tip, but there isn't enough anthocyanin in high enough amounts in cannabis to be an active ingredient.
Hello!
I am a 'newer' backyard grower in Upstate New York State which recently legalized cannabis for recreational purposes. I am interested in growing for ornamental/aesthetic purposes with an intent on fully and true purple plants like what one would see at a local garden store like a 'Bloodgood Japanese Maple'. After I lock in the purple, I'd look at breeding back into a modern heavy hitter to get the thc benefits back into the mix.
I've found Purple Afghani and Purple OG Kush which are related, but these grow green until flower. This year I am crossing them and selecting for 'more purple' and 'earlier purple' as a basis for the selection process. I am wondering if you know of a true purple mutation that presents from the seedling stage on that might be a good genetic basis for my project?
Any suggestions or info that you might be able to share would be greatly appreciated! Thank you for your time!
Abacus which is a CBD dominate variety tends to also have a purple coloration.
No studies to reflect on the effect of dropping temps?
Anecdotally, the color will increase.
would a red leaf absorb green light?
In theory yes, but it depends what light absorbing pigments the leaf has to determine if it can "use" the wavelength.
hello can you mentor me through my cannabis grow
Through the videos on this channel you have a great resource;-)
an-tho-cyan-in !!!
You got it!
I have four(4) of the newly released Purple GMO Tomato plants (ulta high in Anthrocyanins) going at the monent (i'm a participant in the initial test release).
I cant wait to show up at friends house with "a colossal blueberry that's as big as a walnut (kidding)." 😂
Humor aside, I see little relevance of Anthocyanin in Cannabis, except perhaps making a few strains look pretty. Isnt it destroyed by the heat of combusting/vaping ?
Some people seek this out for medical benefits from what some have told me.
@@DeBaccoUniversity You mean like thru leaf tea ? Pass. I'll stick with my puerh
👍💨💨
Glad you liked it!
Always the same student you had student addition but only one student do you only have one student.
There is another... ua-cam.com/video/gXgTtnAEUJo/v-deo.html