Measuring the gallons is simple. Just grab a gallon jug, fill it up, dump it into the tender, then repeat 2800-3200 times. Just don't lose count so you don't have to start over. Should only take a couple of days.
As much of a joke this is it is really tis simple. But perhaps using a water metering device instead, like those used for municipal water. Or get a tanker truck that can meter the amount to fill it up.
No joke, but I have done that in the production industry. However, a flow meter is nicer than a jug. Also, make a chart, the volume per unit of distance can vary greatly depending on the shape of the tank. Edit: It also rarely takes days. I once calibrated the volume sensor on a 5 thousand liter bioreactor in around 3 hours. And the water hose weren't that massive. And stopping every 250 liters to make a proper chart, since bio reactors have all sorts of whacky equipment inside taking up space.
When I was in Poland and in the cab of the Pt47-65, I noticed that the tender had an indicator of how much water was in it, so I took a note of it. We left with 36 cubic meters of water (full). The route is about 45 km with about 10 stops between Wolsztyn and Leszno, the locomotive was pulling two passenger cars. Going forward and back (so, about 90km), the locomotive used about 14 cubic meters of water. Starting cutoff was 60%, then it was reduced to about 40% when the train got up to speed. Also, there is an easy way to measure how much water fits in the tender - drain it, then fill it with a hose and have a water meter hooked up to it. No fancy math required.
Hey Hyce, I have a cursed train that might be of interest to you. 1989’s Beyond the Door 3 is a horror movie filmed in and around Belgrade Serbia. The main portion of the movie takes place on a train, a steam train. A Yugoslavian Railways Class 20 mogul was used in said film. They modified it to look more sinister, they added smoke deflectors to the smokebox and made them look like devil-ish horns, and also added a European styled plow to the buffer beam. Without those mods, it looks completely harmless lol. I would recommend looking at it, because I know you’ll go, WTF is this s***
Also known as Amok Train. Or, Maximum Overdrive but it's a steam engine not a truck lol. Those Class 20's must have some insane draft to suck the whole fireman in 😆
My father was an engineer for the Milwaukee Road in the 1970s. As a child I was able to ride along on several occasions and I was actually able to drive their famous engine "Little Joe". I have a child sized engineers jacket with "Milwaukee Road's littlest engineer" embroidered on it. Little Joe is currently display in Deer Lodge, Montana.
I recently read in the book Colorado memories of the narrow gauge circle that RGS 20 apparently doesn’t have her original tender. 20 has 25’s tender which would make sense since 25 was scrapped in 1940. I’m not sure about the validity of this but it could help in determining the water capacity of 20
That was a super neat deep dive! The end credits were awesome too, nicely done on those. Really like how you have a different shot for each membership level.
I think a part 2 of this needs to be done this summer in order to make a comparison between hot and cold weather. The physics side of my brain is screaming for more data to C&C in different operating conditions.
You know, I was never really 'into trains' much. Then I found your channel and you make it actually interesting. Thanks for that...I've learned a LOT, plus I'm going to start showing these to my son who's 9. He's a big science and engineering geek so he should get a big kick out of your channel :) Thanks for the amazing videos, and keep up the awesome work!
You are my new favorite youtuber; informational, geeky, and completely in love with your trade and topic. I'm also green with envy that you've got a bloody 1:1 scale, live steam, train set. The fact this exists delights me to no end, however, and I'm just glad SOMEONE gets to use it. Highball, Railroader. You are living the dream. So happy for you.
Hyce, you may have around the yard a IBC tank. That plastic cube tank in cage. They are typically 330 gals. and are one big measuring cup marked on the side. toss one on the tender and fill from the tower and measure. Thank you for showing the practical matters in steam operation. Information like this is often missing in the story of steam engines.
It's been so long now I don't remember the formula ... but when I was running #113 at GCRM in Miami, at the end of the day we calculated the oil/water ratio to see how efficiently we had run that day. The tender's water tank had a ruler painted onto the ladder, and we had a chart that gave the water capacity for each inch. The oil tank had an engraved dipstick. I also don't remember anymore what the ideal ratio was for gallons of water evaporated to gallons of oil burned, but I do remember one day breaking the efficiency record as engineer. All starting and ending measurements were checked for correctness by both engineer and fireman, so we knew all the numbers were correct. They checked my math as well. I had something like 2.5x the normal efficiency. What can I say? I had some good teachers who taught me how to for fire and run efficiently, and I taught my firemen what I was taught.
Very interesting video! Whenever I see stuff like this, i.e. modern analysis on old technology (like WWII aircraft and the like), I can only imagine how far that technology would have come if it was not replaced, for Steam by diesels, and for Aircraft combustion engines by jets and turboprops. Always interesting to think about.
Heard 6 barrels of water a minute at quote-unquote "high speed" cited as a general figure in some reference materials, bit of a discussion around the ash pit with me and the lads as to how big a barrel they were talking about, what engine they were measuring from, and how fast/hard they were running 'er. If we assume a standard 55 gallon oil barrel, that works out to 330 gallons a minute, 9,900 gallons in a half hour, and 19,800 gallons in an hour. Call it 60 miles an hour track speed, call it more or less a constant with some wiggle room for station stops and signal checks, tender's gonna dry up fairly fast. Supports there being water plugs and track pans every so often at any rate!
"and calculating it is harder than you think." -13:40 In the production industry one usually don't calculate the volume of tanks. There can be all sorts of things making calculating things a true pain. The easier (and often faster) solution is to drag out the measuring stick and a garden hose with a flow/volume meter. Sometimes one can go even more manual and simply count buckets. From there one just makes a chart, where one simply notes down how much water were needed for every X distance of depth. This will inherently account for all sorts of whacky tank designs that one can imagine.
@@Hyce777Accurate tank volume would only really matter when measuring engine water consumption. But for regular day to day operation a rough idea and a healthy safety margin goes a long way. There is also one more way to measure the volume, and that is the weigh the car before and after filling it. This can likewise be taken in steps if one wants to chart it. However, I suspect that "just weighing a train car" is far easier said than done. (though, portable train scales are apparently a thing, perhaps that makes it a bit easier.)
Yet another good experiment, and a New Years treat! (And when 346 gets back in the saddle again, it would be interesting to test water usage in the little chooch!)
I think the way you could figure out 20’s water capacity is to hook up a fire hose to a fire hydrant, attach a flow meter that measures in gallons, then fill up 20’s tender using the fire hose.
Hey hyce, the other day at the csx yard here in my town, i saw the largest lashup of locos i have ever seen, it was 7 six-axle engines, i can remember what kinds they were. And the were all csx and hooking up to a coal train.
I know it's a pricey proposition to pull. but mayhaps 20 can take a little road trip over to a certain tourist line not terribly far away to see just how efficient she can be when given the chance to get her hooked up properly. getting a true measure of efficiency is a tad flawed when all you have is a circle of track to play on. you also mentioned that the 5 car Polar Express is close to a Tonnage Train for 20 while the same 5 cars behind 491 barely break a sweat since 491 can pull a LOT more tonnage. in short, 20's working her backside off to move those 5 cars while 491 is practically loafing along
Come from a N&W family and always enjoy your videos man, my niece asked me the other day with our train layout why the freight trains had “a bunch of company names all mixed in with two different kinds of locomotives” lol might be a simple topic, but if you ever wanted an idea for an interesting video maybe the intricacies of how rolling stock & locomotive power agreements work in the US would be something people would like to see! Definitely would make it easier to explain to her 😂 Anyways Keep up the awesome content my guy and happy new year!
It's so nice when we get an actual explination rather than just "it depends". With the near infinate ways a steam locomotive can be ran it stands within reason that we all know they can't be 'one and done' with how they opperate. Of course you would run it differently if you were going up hill vs. down hill or on flat track, that is a given. A simple "in this instance yes" goes a long way over "dose doing X with the engine make it do Y in the here and now, well it depends. If you were to do X then the engine would do G in the there and then." We weren't asking about going down hil, we were asking about set ups to go up hill. These 101's help a lot in the understanding of how a steam train engine works and the different nuances work to make the engine do what it does. Such a better way of explaining how everything functions then constantly saying over and over again that while yes this is how you could run the engines it's not how you would run them all the time. Showing works so much better than telling.
Hyce - you can buy a cheap flow meter that goes on the end of a garden hose. That's how I measured a tender's capacity and marked its level gauge. Drain, fill with hose, it tells you the volume.
I love your 101 videos. I found your channel in early 2022 with your Air Brakes 101. I was trying to learn as much as I could before running the GM EMD E-8A locomotive at the Southern California Railway Museum. Your 101 videos have the kind of content I wanted to know as a kid but couldn't find in any books.
A good engineer would try to run with the Johnson bar as close to center as possible. One who ran with it “in the hole”, as far as possible toward the wall, would use more water and coal, and over work his fireman as well. I gleaned this info from a book entitled “Little Engines and Big Men” it’s a sort of memoir of a man who worked on the D&RG narrow gauge. If you can find it, it makes for a very interesting and very enjoyable read.
I see you must have read it I really enjoyed it and read it again, and even purchase it if I could find it again, I haven’t seen a copy in like forever. Good luck on the project, and I wish you great success. I think it should be a “must read” any enthusiast of the Colorado Narrow Gauge”.@@Hyce777
Hi Mark, this was a great and easily understandable explanation of boiler water usage. Also illustrative, as you say, of the importance of using the Johnson bar to achieve steam efficiency. After all, conserving steam and thus water usage is the name of the game. And I knew the answer to your superheater question. Only because you (and Dusty) have discussed this before. See what you’ve taught us, this pupil is steadily learning. Loved the look see inside the tender too. As always Professor your 101 tutorials are like going to engineering school. Many thanks for this latest episode, looking forward to the next, and cheers to you!
Probably an easy way of calculating the water capacity of the tender is to empty it out completely, fill it up from the water tower and calculate the missing volume there. It's an easier shape so calculating shouldn't be too difficult.
I was going to post my theory with an allegory from the marine world but you kinda did it for me. You can take a boat and put 200hp motor on it, and then take the same boat and put a 300hp motor on it, and their efficient cruise will be almost identical- because it takes about the same amount of work(horsepower ) to push a boat through the water efficiently. The difference is the boat with the 300hp will be working a lot less and stressing the parts a lot less. It takes X amount of work to pull that train up the hill, and work is done by steam, which is done by water…. It makes sense why a smaller locomotive has to use the same amount of water as the bigger locomotive
Hey Hyce, I was playing Derail Valley and found that when my brake pads were overheating going downhill, I could throw the steam loco in reverse to slow down. Would that trick work in a real steam loco, or would you break it?
Steam locomotive cab sides have/had wheel arrangement and a "bunch" of "%" numbers. I believe they identify the "efficiency" of the locomotive, if I am correct. (I also believe early diesels had them as well.) What all items are taken into account for the efficiency, if not for every aspect of operation of the locomotive? I figure that is the purpose of dynamometers (both dyno-cars and locomotive test facilities) of which "railroads" and locomotive manufacturers have them. Locomotive builders and rebuilders have such facilities, railroads-likewise. Both also may have their own dynamometer cars. 8:37 factor into the Horse Power and security of operation, theory of "Bigger Pulls Easier." ...and cost and... I guess I digress... (which may also need factoring into the equations.) What also may factor into the study is the environment, both material of the locomotive and its weathering conditions, track, grade, speed, load, fuels and other liquids... and the people or persons who operate the locomotive and maintain it and external conditions as well. That could be a whole 'nother video to explain. I believe I answered part of my question "What all items are taken into account for the efficiency, if not for every aspect of operation of the locomotive?" ...But, I've never operated a real locomotive nor have I had any training for one. Hyce, I trust your response. John
Getting an accurate water volume measurement of the tender could be something you do next time it needs a major overhaul, so that you have to dry it out anyway, and you could take proper measurements.
5:29 "Time to flush the toilet" The water tower does sound like a toilet flushing, Quite the difference how different locomotives use Different amounts of water
As you talked about Mallard vs the S1. Can you talk about locomotive speed 101 next cause i wanna know how fast can each locomotive go from standard gauge and narrow gauge
@@Hyce777 Well I guess I'm the only one that wants to know the locomotive speeds like the speed limits on grades, curves and straight tracks and also top locomotive speed like how fast does a steam engine or a diesel go. I guess I had explain that to myself for my future UA-cam videos 🤷♂️
Look at the terrain that Narrow Guage roads ran. They were used mostly in mountainous areas where straight and level wasn't possible. Most of the Rio Grande was mountains except around Alamosa for their narrow Guage. These road grades were akin to graded gravel roads just above jeep trails and wagon roads. Speed wasn't the primary factor, just getting there was.
From a physics standpoint, a specific amount of weight will require an exact amount of work to move a distance. That being said, transporting roughly the same weight the same distance should consume the same amount of steam. Any amount above the theoretical minimum comes down to efficiency, friction losses, and the driver. A larger steam engine can extract more work out of the same volume of steam, but at the cost of more fuel.
Fun to see this! Not sure what the next step would be except maybe a summer vs winter comparison. Or go to another railroad with multiple fuel types (coal v oil) and try to compare that.
Something to think about if they'd do it. Golden FD engine 1 has a 750 gallon capacity. Thats a known quantity. See if the FD would want to do a training session for new folks or recertification for pump operations. Pump out 4 times, or hook to a hydrant and watch the flow rate and that'd give pretty close capacity measurement I'd think. Btw, really enjoying the channel. Great work.
Loved the video. I actually didn't know 491 has never gotten the heat to become superheated at the Colorado railroad museum. That is something new I learned today.
For comparison with a UK mainline steamer, Tornado manages 100 miles on 6 000 imp. gal. (27 000 litres) with a margin of safety in reserve. I believe they're targeting a bit under this with the P2 (88 miles quoted, from memory), but that's our ballpark. Guessing once you've got the superheater up to temperature on the mainline at high speed you really get the efficiecy gains they afford. Unsure how this compares to the mainline US standard gauge locos with their 20 000+ gallon capacities, though back in the day many railways(roads) on both sides of the pond did use water troughs. We don't have huge narrow gauge networks though so the comparison may not be identical.
I would love a video someday on how American narrow gauge locos all seem to be bigger than contemporary UK standard gauge, and how late 19th century UK narrow gauge locos all seem to be the size of a crossover SUV.
so its fairly simple to get a count on the size of the water tank run her low pump it dry and use a flow metered hose to fill the tank back up you can get it down to a plus or minus 100 gallons depending on he empty the tank is and how much you fill it up to
Hi Hyce, I don't know how often it's going to come up that you need to film yourself in the dark, but for like 10 bucks and no appreciable weight penalty in your pocket you can get a diffuser or softbox that fits on the end of a camera flash unit like a speedlite, which would probably just fit over the end of your flashlight and give you diffuse Hollywood lighting in any environment.
Couple of options if you *really* need/want to know the volume of the space. Bring it over to the water tower dry, towed by a diesel, and fill the unit. Measure the change in volume in the water tower, which should be much easier to calculate. Alternatively, pump the water in with a flow meter. If you guys have a scale, thats accurate enough, you could also weigh the locos pre and post watering. If you guys are feeling particularly wasteful, you could also fill it and dump it, and then measure the dumped water. Might be less wasteful if you can get it into the water tower a second time. But my question is, with the big choochoo being so much more efficient with steam, why did it take so much more coal?
Another cool video, glad I came across your channel. Very fascinating, lots to learn:) Thanks for sharing Hyce, I subscribed. And Happy new year to you too
wouldnt a simple solution to the question of how large the water tank is on the tender be to calculate the water in the tower before and after filling the tender up from dry? I mean there is a bit of geometry math there with the whole cylinder plus cone shape, but i would think that would be the easiest way to do it, even if the tender's tank is larger than the tower's. Unless the tower has the same crossbars inside of it..
I'd also imagine that there's other physics involved like the heavier train retaining more momentum because of the heavier weight. Though that could be offset by the other end of physics, it takes more power to overcome the heavier inertia of no motion. Then there's looseness of tolerance in the chests that would allow more bypass steam on the older unit compared to the "newer" unit. Either way it's a interesting mathematic question. For measuring the tender capacity there's two ways to go about it. One is completely drain and dry clean out the tender then weigh it without any water or coal in. Then fill the water tank to capacity and weigh again. The difference between the two weights is the water. After that it's just division of weight of a gallon of water into the weight of the full tender. I think that's how to arrange that equation. Next would be less precise, but empty the tender. Refill it from known capacity liquid totes. If figuring each tote held 500 gallons you'd have a ballpark answer without having to fill it through a metering nozel.
Also ,need to consider 491 is a much more modern locomotive than 20 . 491 also , on your tiny railroad ,is "Barely" working . hence ,Johnson bar remains nearly vertical . That alone tells the story . The Weight of 491 with horizontal momentum is also a factor . Id Bet the Boiler on 491 is ALSO more Efficient . My Grandfather was an Engineer on NYC Niagara's back in the day . Those Locomotives were "Highly" efficient compared to Locomotives of the late 19th century . Great Video ! Keep UP the Amazing detailing stories !!
We haven’t gotten as much snow here at Durango this year. We got 1 good snowstorm, a small one and some rain. There is a very small amount of snow on the ground since most of it has already melted. LMAO
Ready for a small world moment, I was conducting down at knotts railroad and ended up meeting Jeff Taylor's Mom... I overheard her talking with another coworker about how her son started at knotts, went to the school of mines for engineering, then went to work for the railroads out in colorado... once I asked for his name and she said it i was in total shock and suprised with just how small the world can be
I guess that makes sense. If both engines are running on saturated steam at roughly the same pressure, both will have about the same enthalpy per kg of steam. So since 491 is running with the bar hooked up, she’s converting more of that enthalpy to useful energy at the wheels, so she should need fewer kg of water to achieve the same power output as 20 (i.e. she’s using the water more efficiently).
This is my first time ever posting a comment on a video. And I wanted to say I love watching mark with the trains but your best work is on the 3/4 of an idiot series!! When are you going to make more they are so entertaining and informative at the same time! And the fruiting just makes me laugh!
I'd love to know what kind of standards (or lack thereof) the boiler feedwater was held to back in the heyday of locos like 491. Also would love to know if there was a list of "known compatible" materials to use when repairing a tender tank, such that those materials would not cause undue damage to the boiler or engine should they become entrained in the boiler's feedwater. Sand and grit and the like would be bad things obviously, so masonry-type products would probably be outlawed for use in repairing tenders, but brazing and silver soldering seem like they would be viable options to help fix leaks with available technology of the 1890's.
Office Hours Question: What is the quality of the tender tank water like? How sick would you get if you tried to drink it or climbed into the tank with water still in it? Bonus semi-silly question: During winter, could you extend a loco's range by shoveling snow into the tank? In a storm can you collect rainwater by leaving the hatch open?
You'd shit yourself something fierce if you drank it, according to our boiler treatment reps. lol Hatch open doesn't help. Peeing in the ocean. Snow shovels into the tender is how rotary crews and rotary pusher crews work, though!
brings up a whole new idea on things to test, what's the actual steam temps on 491? would be very interesting to see what it actually gets up too after the super heaters.
Maybe using an inline water meter on a garden hose to fill up 20’s tank??? A 4gpm garden hose would take a while but if you leave it run in the shop for a couple days it would be viable…
Thank you for wonderful and informative channel. I live in Perth Western Australia and enjoy learning about the USA trains. I do have a question on how do you inject new water into a running boiler. Is it heated before adding the water and is it inject at preasure?
Wondering if you could measure the specific gravity of the water before and after adding the corrosion preventative to get a more accurate estimate of the total volume (assuming you know the amount of additive accurately). Do a very small amount to 5 gal of water to get a reference (something like that). Should be able to get a specific gravity measurement device cheaply...
I was going to mention yesterday on the Stream when you talked about this video, that 491 would have been my guess for the more efficient choo choo. It just isn't working hard at all.
I've always wondered the differences between what the 3 different start up are with shive coal (which you've shown), coal with mechanical stoker, and oil burning.
It was nice to take peek into 20's tender, to get to see the baffling and bracing; knew that was a thing to help keep the tenders more stable and stronger, especially when under motion. Do want to ask: how does the baffling and bracing effect 491's tender cistern issues (since you've mentioned it leaks a number of times)? If you don't fully know or need to look into more, that's ok.
Is tender/boiler freezing a problem in winter? I would doubt that much water would freeze solid, expand, and break something important. But what about things like injectors, air compressor cylinders etc?
There are two more or less simple ways to find the capacity of the tender: Empty the tender more or less completely. Then 1. weigh it and fill it up with water; weigh it again or (even simpler): 2. fill it with water while measuring the volume (using the same method your city does to calculate your water consumption) because one liter of water is approx 1 kg, you can then calculate the volume and weight.
Or maybe contact the s city they usually have a portable water meter they use to charge contractors for wat use out hydrants many you guys could make something work for water tower
@@Hyce777 Can the tenders be lifted? Mobile crane, large A-frame lifting implements or other lifting equipment with a weight cell. Some forklifts has that as part of their equipment package too. You "just" need air under the wheels and you've got your measurements. Ask around, someone there might know someone who has or knows someone else who has equipment to help you. Another suggestion is a flowmeter on the water supply line, you can get readings on flow per minute and most programs has calculations included in for total or session volume delivered. There gotta be a automation technician or engineer around you somewhere closer than me.
@@Hyce777 Since you appear in the video to be filling the tender from a cylindrical trackside tank, wouldn't it be pretty simple to just use your measuring stick to see how far the water in the tank dropped?
Pretty clear there's only one practical way to measure the capacity of that tender for which you have no verifiable data. Fill up the tank and measure how much comes out sometime, like when you have to otherwise disconnect it from the locomotive for service and/or cleaning the tank. You could just have the final "rinse" of the tank be a measured fill and drain run. Not sure where you'd find enough space to put all that water, but the drain, an accurate flowmeter, and a clock can probably get you pretty close. The volume of the tender would then be "flow rate integrated vs time" because as the level of water in the tender drops, the flow rate will be non-linear, so unfortunately you have to use calculus. Fortunately, if you can get all the data into an Excel spreadsheet you can have the computer do all the math.
You could always empty the tender, then fill it with a measured volume of water until the tender is full. That way you'll know exactly how much water it holds.
Re 20's capacity...can you fill it and then pump the water back out through a measuring gauge of some sort to determine the gallonage? Or alternately, empty it and measure as you fill?
How do they prevent the water from freezing in extreme cold? Like in the steam engine that part is obvious (just don't let the fire go out) but those large water tanks you fill from. . . how do they prevent the water in there from freezing? Do they have a electric heater? I assume back in the day that would be a coal fire or something? So I guess they used to have smokestacks too? I'm guessing there's some sort of pump mechanism to elevate the water up that high also, right? Back in the day that would be a steam powered pump pumping from well water, right? Did you do a video where you talk about the water supply tanks yet?
Hi hyce I have a little model steam boiler setup. Should I put a valve as a regulator on the tube so I can control how fast the piston moves ? Anyways great vedo and very interesting😎
hose with a flow gauge or a water meter would give accurate enough information if filling from a hose like at IRM. If drawing down water from a tank shut off the supply from full and see how much the level drops and calculate from those numbers.
Measuring fluid consumption with a yard stick rubs me wrong. This doesn't account for irregular shapes most water tanks have. If your water tower has a known flow rate it'd be as simple as to fill them back up while measuring how long it takes.
Hi Hyce, great video as always, do you use boiler treatment? We use tannin and a PH stabilizer to prevent rust and corrosion in our traction engine.
Yup. I actually edited the section where I talked about treatment out because the lighting was so bad. We use Terlyn LSB4000.
Measuring the gallons is simple. Just grab a gallon jug, fill it up, dump it into the tender, then repeat 2800-3200 times. Just don't lose count so you don't have to start over. Should only take a couple of days.
As much of a joke this is it is really tis simple. But perhaps using a water metering device instead, like those used for municipal water.
Or get a tanker truck that can meter the amount to fill it up.
....no
No joke, but I have done that in the production industry.
However, a flow meter is nicer than a jug.
Also, make a chart, the volume per unit of distance can vary greatly depending on the shape of the tank.
Edit:
It also rarely takes days.
I once calibrated the volume sensor on a 5 thousand liter bioreactor in around 3 hours. And the water hose weren't that massive. And stopping every 250 liters to make a proper chart, since bio reactors have all sorts of whacky equipment inside taking up space.
@@Hyce777 cannot stop laughing at this reply. I imagine the face you used too. Good stuff.
you have to taste each jug as you go
5:48
"HI MARK!!!"
"Hi Teddy!"
I love a good UA-camr-fan meet-up, even when the UA-camr is busy with his engine
Especially when the fan is your coworker's adorable 5 year old. Lol
When I was in Poland and in the cab of the Pt47-65, I noticed that the tender had an indicator of how much water was in it, so I took a note of it. We left with 36 cubic meters of water (full). The route is about 45 km with about 10 stops between Wolsztyn and Leszno, the locomotive was pulling two passenger cars. Going forward and back (so, about 90km), the locomotive used about 14 cubic meters of water. Starting cutoff was 60%, then it was reduced to about 40% when the train got up to speed.
Also, there is an easy way to measure how much water fits in the tender - drain it, then fill it with a hose and have a water meter hooked up to it. No fancy math required.
so 90 km with 14 metric tons of water so that is 3700 us gallons and 56 miles . so 65 gallons per mile
Hey Hyce, I have a cursed train that might be of interest to you. 1989’s Beyond the Door 3 is a horror movie filmed in and around Belgrade Serbia. The main portion of the movie takes place on a train, a steam train. A Yugoslavian Railways Class 20 mogul was used in said film. They modified it to look more sinister, they added smoke deflectors to the smokebox and made them look like devil-ish horns, and also added a European styled plow to the buffer beam. Without those mods, it looks completely harmless lol. I would recommend looking at it, because I know you’ll go, WTF is this s***
I found it on UA-cam!! Crazy Looks like the Krieg Locs from WWII
@@Skynd303 it’s the smoke deflectors
Also known as Amok Train. Or, Maximum Overdrive but it's a steam engine not a truck lol. Those Class 20's must have some insane draft to suck the whole fireman in 😆
@@seymoarsalvage I know right
I will have to do that!
My father was an engineer for the Milwaukee Road in the 1970s. As a child I was able to ride along on several occasions and I was actually able to drive their famous engine "Little Joe". I have a child sized engineers jacket with "Milwaukee Road's littlest engineer" embroidered on it. Little Joe is currently display in Deer Lodge, Montana.
I died when he said “491 haveing to its own big fat butt up the hill” 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 I WAS NOT EXPECTING THAT!!!! 🤣🤣🤣🤣
I recently read in the book Colorado memories of the narrow gauge circle that RGS 20 apparently doesn’t have her original tender. 20 has 25’s tender which would make sense since 25 was scrapped in 1940. I’m not sure about the validity of this but it could help in determining the water capacity of 20
it was common practice back in the day to swap tenders around. so it's not unreasonable that 20 has a sister's Tender.
That is correct. The folios still don't agree though lol
You can always use the water meter readings displayed on the water softener.
That was a super neat deep dive! The end credits were awesome too, nicely done on those. Really like how you have a different shot for each membership level.
Cheers mate!
I think a part 2 of this needs to be done this summer in order to make a comparison between hot and cold weather. The physics side of my brain is screaming for more data to C&C in different operating conditions.
You know, I was never really 'into trains' much. Then I found your channel and you make it actually interesting. Thanks for that...I've learned a LOT, plus I'm going to start showing these to my son who's 9. He's a big science and engineering geek so he should get a big kick out of your channel :) Thanks for the amazing videos, and keep up the awesome work!
Cheers!
You are my new favorite youtuber; informational, geeky, and completely in love with your trade and topic.
I'm also green with envy that you've got a bloody 1:1 scale, live steam, train set. The fact this exists delights me to no end, however, and I'm just glad SOMEONE gets to use it.
Highball, Railroader. You are living the dream. So happy for you.
Hyce, you may have around the yard a IBC tank. That plastic cube tank in cage. They are typically 330 gals. and are one big measuring cup marked on the side. toss one on the tender and fill from the tower and measure.
Thank you for showing the practical matters in steam operation. Information like this is often missing in the story of steam engines.
It's been so long now I don't remember the formula ... but when I was running #113 at GCRM in Miami, at the end of the day we calculated the oil/water ratio to see how efficiently we had run that day. The tender's water tank had a ruler painted onto the ladder, and we had a chart that gave the water capacity for each inch. The oil tank had an engraved dipstick.
I also don't remember anymore what the ideal ratio was for gallons of water evaporated to gallons of oil burned, but I do remember one day breaking the efficiency record as engineer. All starting and ending measurements were checked for correctness by both engineer and fireman, so we knew all the numbers were correct. They checked my math as well. I had something like 2.5x the normal efficiency. What can I say? I had some good teachers who taught me how to for fire and run efficiently, and I taught my firemen what I was taught.
Very interesting video!
Whenever I see stuff like this, i.e. modern analysis on old technology (like WWII aircraft and the like), I can only imagine how far that technology would have come if it was not replaced, for Steam by diesels, and for Aircraft combustion engines by jets and turboprops. Always interesting to think about.
Heard 6 barrels of water a minute at quote-unquote "high speed" cited as a general figure in some reference materials, bit of a discussion around the ash pit with me and the lads as to how big a barrel they were talking about, what engine they were measuring from, and how fast/hard they were running 'er.
If we assume a standard 55 gallon oil barrel, that works out to 330 gallons a minute, 9,900 gallons in a half hour, and 19,800 gallons in an hour.
Call it 60 miles an hour track speed, call it more or less a constant with some wiggle room for station stops and signal checks, tender's gonna dry up fairly fast.
Supports there being water plugs and track pans every so often at any rate!
That is what UPs Big Boys use.
"and calculating it is harder than you think." -13:40
In the production industry one usually don't calculate the volume of tanks. There can be all sorts of things making calculating things a true pain.
The easier (and often faster) solution is to drag out the measuring stick and a garden hose with a flow/volume meter. Sometimes one can go even more manual and simply count buckets.
From there one just makes a chart, where one simply notes down how much water were needed for every X distance of depth. This will inherently account for all sorts of whacky tank designs that one can imagine.
Makes sense. "3000-ish" is all we've ever needed so we've never bothered.
@@Hyce777Accurate tank volume would only really matter when measuring engine water consumption.
But for regular day to day operation a rough idea and a healthy safety margin goes a long way.
There is also one more way to measure the volume, and that is the weigh the car before and after filling it. This can likewise be taken in steps if one wants to chart it.
However, I suspect that "just weighing a train car" is far easier said than done. (though, portable train scales are apparently a thing, perhaps that makes it a bit easier.)
Yet another good experiment, and a New Years treat! (And when 346 gets back in the saddle again, it would be interesting to test water usage in the little chooch!)
I think the way you could figure out 20’s water capacity is to hook up a fire hose to a fire hydrant, attach a flow meter that measures in gallons, then fill up 20’s tender using the fire hose.
I love the common scientific method,
F*ck around and find out
Hey hyce, the other day at the csx yard here in my town, i saw the largest lashup of locos i have ever seen, it was 7 six-axle engines, i can remember what kinds they were. And the were all csx and hooking up to a coal train.
That's rad!
@@Hyce777yeah I saw it while turning a corner and I had to do a double take because I didn't think that a lash-up like that would be here in Indiana
I know it's a pricey proposition to pull.
but mayhaps 20 can take a little road trip over to a certain tourist line not terribly far away to see just how efficient she can be when given the chance to get her hooked up properly.
getting a true measure of efficiency is a tad flawed when all you have is a circle of track to play on.
you also mentioned that the 5 car Polar Express is close to a Tonnage Train for 20 while the same 5 cars behind 491 barely break a sweat since 491 can pull a LOT more tonnage.
in short, 20's working her backside off to move those 5 cars while 491 is practically loafing along
Come from a N&W family and always enjoy your videos man, my niece asked me the other day with our train layout why the freight trains had “a bunch of company names all mixed in with two different kinds of locomotives” lol might be a simple topic, but if you ever wanted an idea for an interesting video maybe the intricacies of how rolling stock & locomotive power agreements work in the US would be something people would like to see! Definitely would make it easier to explain to her 😂 Anyways Keep up the awesome content my guy and happy new year!
That is a great video idea, my friend! Thank you. Happy new year!
It's so nice when we get an actual explination rather than just "it depends". With the near infinate ways a steam locomotive can be ran it stands within reason that we all know they can't be 'one and done' with how they opperate. Of course you would run it differently if you were going up hill vs. down hill or on flat track, that is a given. A simple "in this instance yes" goes a long way over "dose doing X with the engine make it do Y in the here and now, well it depends. If you were to do X then the engine would do G in the there and then." We weren't asking about going down hil, we were asking about set ups to go up hill.
These 101's help a lot in the understanding of how a steam train engine works and the different nuances work to make the engine do what it does. Such a better way of explaining how everything functions then constantly saying over and over again that while yes this is how you could run the engines it's not how you would run them all the time. Showing works so much better than telling.
So sad the original thumbnail wasn’t used, my disappointment is immeasurable and my day is ruined, -1/10, too much water
Mind if I ask what it was?
@@highball5550 I'm with ya on that
Spill the beans, the BEANS!
Yea
@@highball5550 it’s in the Hycecord meme channel
Hyce - you can buy a cheap flow meter that goes on the end of a garden hose. That's how I measured a tender's capacity and marked its level gauge. Drain, fill with hose, it tells you the volume.
Keeping those trains full on long-distance runs would be hard by the math
I love your 101 videos. I found your channel in early 2022 with your Air Brakes 101. I was trying to learn as much as I could before running the GM EMD E-8A locomotive at the Southern California Railway Museum. Your 101 videos have the kind of content I wanted to know as a kid but couldn't find in any books.
Cheers mate!
A good engineer would try to run with the Johnson bar as close to center as possible. One who ran with it “in the hole”, as far as possible toward the wall, would use more water and coal, and over work his fireman as well. I gleaned this info from a book entitled “Little Engines and Big Men” it’s a sort of memoir of a man who worked on the D&RG narrow gauge. If you can find it, it makes for a very interesting and very enjoyable read.
I'm working on turning it into an audiobook, actually!
I see you must have read it I really enjoyed it and read it again, and even purchase it if I could find it again, I haven’t seen a copy in like forever. Good luck on the project, and I wish you great success. I think it should be a “must read” any enthusiast of the Colorado Narrow Gauge”.@@Hyce777
Hi Mark, this was a great and easily understandable explanation of boiler water usage. Also illustrative, as you say, of the importance of using the Johnson bar to achieve steam efficiency. After all, conserving steam and thus water usage is the name of the game. And I knew the answer to your superheater question. Only because you (and Dusty) have discussed this before. See what you’ve taught us, this pupil is steadily learning. Loved the look see inside the tender too. As always Professor your 101 tutorials are like going to engineering school. Many thanks for this latest episode, looking forward to the next, and cheers to you!
Okay, well now we need a new test to run for next year.
I propose: How much does the engine crew sweat during 3 laps in 419 vs 20
Probably an easy way of calculating the water capacity of the tender is to empty it out completely, fill it up from the water tower and calculate the missing volume there. It's an easier shape so calculating shouldn't be too difficult.
I have watched and learned so much, watching your tubes. I can see a visit to the museum in my future.
That opening footage is freakin MAGICAL
I was going to post my theory with an allegory from the marine world but you kinda did it for me. You can take a boat and put 200hp motor on it, and then take the same boat and put a 300hp motor on it, and their efficient cruise will be almost identical- because it takes about the same amount of work(horsepower ) to push a boat through the water efficiently. The difference is the boat with the 300hp will be working a lot less and stressing the parts a lot less.
It takes X amount of work to pull that train up the hill, and work is done by steam, which is done by water…. It makes sense why a smaller locomotive has to use the same amount of water as the bigger locomotive
Great video i love learning information like this on these historical locomotives keep them coming and keep up the fun videos
nice job. you should drain 20's tender and get a garden hose flow meter and fill it up, to get an exact number.
We can totally measure 20's tender capacity, bucket brigade and 100 5 gallon buckets, should only take.... a day or 2..... but itll be fun
The first shot is absolutely beautiful!
I thought mystick was long enough. But turns out its my stick and two fingers. I choked on my beverage
Hey Hyce, I was playing Derail Valley and found that when my brake pads were overheating going downhill, I could throw the steam loco in reverse to slow down. Would that trick work in a real steam loco, or would you break it?
You certainly can, but don't overdo it! Lol.
Steam locomotive cab sides have/had wheel arrangement and a "bunch" of "%" numbers. I believe they identify the "efficiency" of the locomotive, if I am correct. (I also believe early diesels had them as well.) What all items are taken into account for the efficiency, if not for every aspect of operation of the locomotive? I figure that is the purpose of dynamometers (both dyno-cars and locomotive test facilities) of which "railroads" and locomotive manufacturers have them. Locomotive builders and rebuilders have such facilities, railroads-likewise. Both also may have their own dynamometer cars.
8:37 factor into the Horse Power and security of operation, theory of "Bigger Pulls Easier." ...and cost and... I guess I digress... (which may also need factoring into the equations.)
What also may factor into the study is the environment, both material of the locomotive and its weathering conditions, track, grade, speed, load, fuels and other liquids... and the people or persons who operate the locomotive and maintain it and external conditions as well.
That could be a whole 'nother video to explain.
I believe I answered part of my question "What all items are taken into account for the efficiency, if not for every aspect of operation of the locomotive?" ...But, I've never operated a real locomotive nor have I had any training for one.
Hyce, I trust your response.
John
Getting an accurate water volume measurement of the tender could be something you do next time it needs a major overhaul, so that you have to dry it out anyway, and you could take proper measurements.
A side note, UPs Big Boy uses 200 to 300 gallons of water per mile.
Great comparison. Happy New Year and Thanks
5:29 "Time to flush the toilet" The water tower does sound like a toilet flushing, Quite the difference how different locomotives use Different amounts of water
just found your channel. Fantastic stuff!! Subscribed, and got a LOT of catching up to do! Happy New Year.
Hyce, can you do one on the visors over the headlamps, what and why they where put on certain locomotives.
Ooh. Good idea. Cheers.
Gotta make sure they’re hydrated!!
As you talked about Mallard vs the S1. Can you talk about locomotive speed 101 next cause i wanna know how fast can each locomotive go from standard gauge and narrow gauge
Unfortunately no one knows! As much info as we know about speed is in that video. Lol
@@Hyce777 Well I guess I'm the only one that wants to know the locomotive speeds like the speed limits on grades, curves and straight tracks and also top locomotive speed like how fast does a steam engine or a diesel go. I guess I had explain that to myself for my future UA-cam videos 🤷♂️
Look at the terrain that Narrow Guage roads ran. They were used mostly in mountainous areas where straight and level wasn't possible. Most of the Rio Grande was mountains except around Alamosa for their narrow Guage.
These road grades were akin to graded gravel roads just above jeep trails and wagon roads. Speed wasn't the primary factor, just getting there was.
Hyce is my best friend.
From a physics standpoint, a specific amount of weight will require an exact amount of work to move a distance. That being said, transporting roughly the same weight the same distance should consume the same amount of steam. Any amount above the theoretical minimum comes down to efficiency, friction losses, and the driver. A larger steam engine can extract more work out of the same volume of steam, but at the cost of more fuel.
Fun to see this! Not sure what the next step would be except maybe a summer vs winter comparison. Or go to another railroad with multiple fuel types (coal v oil) and try to compare that.
Something to think about if they'd do it. Golden FD engine 1 has a 750 gallon capacity. Thats a known quantity. See if the FD would want to do a training session for new folks or recertification for pump operations. Pump out 4 times, or hook to a hydrant and watch the flow rate and that'd give pretty close capacity measurement I'd think.
Btw, really enjoying the channel. Great work.
Loved the video. I actually didn't know 491 has never gotten the heat to become superheated at the Colorado railroad museum. That is something new I learned today.
For comparison with a UK mainline steamer, Tornado manages 100 miles on 6 000 imp. gal. (27 000 litres) with a margin of safety in reserve. I believe they're targeting a bit under this with the P2 (88 miles quoted, from memory), but that's our ballpark. Guessing once you've got the superheater up to temperature on the mainline at high speed you really get the efficiecy gains they afford. Unsure how this compares to the mainline US standard gauge locos with their 20 000+ gallon capacities, though back in the day many railways(roads) on both sides of the pond did use water troughs. We don't have huge narrow gauge networks though so the comparison may not be identical.
I would love a video someday on how American narrow gauge locos all seem to be bigger than contemporary UK standard gauge, and how late 19th century UK narrow gauge locos all seem to be the size of a crossover SUV.
I honestly expected greater efficiency from scale alone, but I'm still impressed by how much 491 got!
so its fairly simple to get a count on the size of the water tank run her low pump it dry and use a flow metered hose to fill the tank back up you can get it down to a plus or minus 100 gallons depending on he empty the tank is and how much you fill it up to
Hi Hyce, I don't know how often it's going to come up that you need to film yourself in the dark, but for like 10 bucks and no appreciable weight penalty in your pocket you can get a diffuser or softbox that fits on the end of a camera flash unit like a speedlite, which would probably just fit over the end of your flashlight and give you diffuse Hollywood lighting in any environment.
The challenge is remembering. lol. I was supposed to bring a light the 491 video day and forgot. ADHD is a bitch sometimes.
Now I'm curious to see how efficient 491 is under superheated steam.
Couple of options if you *really* need/want to know the volume of the space.
Bring it over to the water tower dry, towed by a diesel, and fill the unit. Measure the change in volume in the water tower, which should be much easier to calculate. Alternatively, pump the water in with a flow meter.
If you guys have a scale, thats accurate enough, you could also weigh the locos pre and post watering.
If you guys are feeling particularly wasteful, you could also fill it and dump it, and then measure the dumped water. Might be less wasteful if you can get it into the water tower a second time.
But my question is, with the big choochoo being so much more efficient with steam, why did it take so much more coal?
Meter the water and know for certain.Portable sump pump through 1"/ 2 " meter at discharge. No?
Another cool video, glad I came across your channel. Very fascinating, lots to learn:) Thanks for sharing Hyce, I subscribed. And Happy new year to you too
wouldnt a simple solution to the question of how large the water tank is on the tender be to calculate the water in the tower before and after filling the tender up from dry?
I mean there is a bit of geometry math there with the whole cylinder plus cone shape, but i would think that would be the easiest way to do it, even if the tender's tank is larger than the tower's.
Unless the tower has the same crossbars inside of it..
I'd also imagine that there's other physics involved like the heavier train retaining more momentum because of the heavier weight. Though that could be offset by the other end of physics, it takes more power to overcome the heavier inertia of no motion.
Then there's looseness of tolerance in the chests that would allow more bypass steam on the older unit compared to the "newer" unit.
Either way it's a interesting mathematic question.
For measuring the tender capacity there's two ways to go about it. One is completely drain and dry clean out the tender then weigh it without any water or coal in. Then fill the water tank to capacity and weigh again. The difference between the two weights is the water. After that it's just division of weight of a gallon of water into the weight of the full tender. I think that's how to arrange that equation. Next would be less precise, but empty the tender. Refill it from known capacity liquid totes. If figuring each tote held 500 gallons you'd have a ballpark answer without having to fill it through a metering nozel.
Also ,need to consider 491 is a much more modern locomotive than 20 . 491 also , on your tiny railroad ,is "Barely" working . hence ,Johnson bar remains nearly vertical . That alone tells the story . The Weight of 491 with horizontal momentum is also a factor . Id Bet the Boiler on 491 is ALSO more Efficient . My Grandfather was an Engineer on NYC Niagara's
back in the day . Those Locomotives were "Highly" efficient compared to Locomotives of the late 19th century . Great Video ! Keep UP the Amazing detailing stories !!
We haven’t gotten as much snow here at Durango this year. We got 1 good snowstorm, a small one and some rain. There is a very small amount of snow on the ground since most of it has already melted. LMAO
Thats really interesting! Especially with the johnson bar thing!
Ready for a small world moment, I was conducting down at knotts railroad and ended up meeting Jeff Taylor's Mom... I overheard her talking with another coworker about how her son started at knotts, went to the school of mines for engineering, then went to work for the railroads out in colorado... once I asked for his name and she said it i was in total shock and suprised with just how small the world can be
Jeff didn't go to school of mines, but that is fun! haha
Thank you great information. Happy New Year to you and yours
I guess that makes sense. If both engines are running on saturated steam at roughly the same pressure, both will have about the same enthalpy per kg of steam. So since 491 is running with the bar hooked up, she’s converting more of that enthalpy to useful energy at the wheels, so she should need fewer kg of water to achieve the same power output as 20 (i.e. she’s using the water more efficiently).
Happy new years hyce🎉🎉🎉
This is my first time ever posting a comment on a video. And I wanted to say I love watching mark with the trains but your best work is on the 3/4 of an idiot series!! When are you going to make more they are so entertaining and informative at the same time! And the fruiting just makes me laugh!
Cheers Mark! We have two "season 3.5" videos filmed I need to edit... soon enough!
I'd love to know what kind of standards (or lack thereof) the boiler feedwater was held to back in the heyday of locos like 491.
Also would love to know if there was a list of "known compatible" materials to use when repairing a tender tank, such that those materials would not cause undue damage to the boiler or engine should they become entrained in the boiler's feedwater.
Sand and grit and the like would be bad things obviously, so masonry-type products would probably be outlawed for use in repairing tenders, but brazing and silver soldering seem like they would be viable options to help fix leaks with available technology of the 1890's.
Office Hours Question: What is the quality of the tender tank water like? How sick would you get if you tried to drink it or climbed into the tank with water still in it?
Bonus semi-silly question: During winter, could you extend a loco's range by shoveling snow into the tank? In a storm can you collect rainwater by leaving the hatch open?
You'd shit yourself something fierce if you drank it, according to our boiler treatment reps. lol
Hatch open doesn't help. Peeing in the ocean. Snow shovels into the tender is how rotary crews and rotary pusher crews work, though!
brings up a whole new idea on things to test, what's the actual steam temps on 491? would be very interesting to see what it actually gets up too after the super heaters.
Maybe using an inline water meter on a garden hose to fill up 20’s tank??? A 4gpm garden hose would take a while but if you leave it run in the shop for a couple days it would be viable…
fill it with a firehose and a meter on it just once that will tell you how many gallons it holds. I had to di it with a water tank to get certified.
Thank you for wonderful and informative channel. I live in Perth Western Australia and enjoy learning about the USA trains. I do have a question on how do you inject new water into a running boiler. Is it heated before adding the water and is it inject at preasure?
Wondering if you could measure the specific gravity of the water before and after adding the corrosion preventative to get a more accurate estimate of the total volume (assuming you know the amount of additive accurately). Do a very small amount to 5 gal of water to get a reference (something like that). Should be able to get a specific gravity measurement device cheaply...
HAPPY NEW YEARS..THANK YOU
Happy new years!
I was going to mention yesterday on the Stream when you talked about this video, that 491 would have been my guess for the more efficient choo choo. It just isn't working hard at all.
How relevant and extremely interesting steam mechanics remain, especially today, secures the dream of perpetual locomotion.
I've always wondered the differences between what the 3 different start up are with shive coal (which you've shown), coal with mechanical stoker, and oil burning.
It was nice to take peek into 20's tender, to get to see the baffling and bracing; knew that was a thing to help keep the tenders more stable and stronger, especially when under motion. Do want to ask: how does the baffling and bracing effect 491's tender cistern issues (since you've mentioned it leaks a number of times)? If you don't fully know or need to look into more, that's ok.
491 has more bracing and baffling for sure. Her issues are related to coal (acidic), age, water (corrosive), and time, unfortunately. lol
Is tender/boiler freezing a problem in winter? I would doubt that much water would freeze solid, expand, and break something important. But what about things like injectors, air compressor cylinders etc?
It very much is a problem. They have steam heaters to keep the water from freezing.
There are two more or less simple ways to find the capacity of the tender:
Empty the tender more or less completely.
Then
1. weigh it and fill it up with water; weigh it again
or (even simpler): 2. fill it with water while measuring the volume (using the same method your city does to calculate your water consumption)
because one liter of water is approx 1 kg, you can then calculate the volume and weight.
Where can one weigh a tender? Asking for a friend. It doesn't fit on my bathroom scale. :P
Or maybe contact the s city they usually have a portable water meter they use to charge contractors for wat use out hydrants many you guys could make something work for water tower
@@Hyce777 If you can get the choo choos to roll down 44th to the TA truck stop?? Use their scale! ha ha ha
@@Hyce777
Can the tenders be lifted?
Mobile crane, large A-frame lifting implements or other lifting equipment with a weight cell.
Some forklifts has that as part of their equipment package too.
You "just" need air under the wheels and you've got your measurements.
Ask around, someone there might know someone who has or knows someone else who has equipment to help you.
Another suggestion is a flowmeter on the water supply line, you can get readings on flow per minute and most programs has calculations included in for total or session volume delivered.
There gotta be a automation technician or engineer around you somewhere closer than me.
@@Hyce777 Since you appear in the video to be filling the tender from a cylindrical trackside tank, wouldn't it be pretty simple to just use your measuring stick to see how far the water in the tank dropped?
This is really interesting. I wonder if water consumption or coal made much of a difference in a railway decision on what locomotive to buy
Just think of the coffee that tender could make. Where are the fish? We need to have a coal fire fish cook-out maybe? Thanks for the info Hyce.
Great info, thank you!
Pretty clear there's only one practical way to measure the capacity of that tender for which you have no verifiable data.
Fill up the tank and measure how much comes out sometime, like when you have to otherwise disconnect it from the locomotive for service and/or cleaning the tank. You could just have the final "rinse" of the tank be a measured fill and drain run.
Not sure where you'd find enough space to put all that water, but the drain, an accurate flowmeter, and a clock can probably get you pretty close.
The volume of the tender would then be "flow rate integrated vs time" because as the level of water in the tender drops, the flow rate will be non-linear, so unfortunately you have to use calculus. Fortunately, if you can get all the data into an Excel spreadsheet you can have the computer do all the math.
You could always empty the tender, then fill it with a measured volume of water until the tender is full. That way you'll know exactly how much water it holds.
Re 20's capacity...can you fill it and then pump the water back out through a measuring gauge of some sort to determine the gallonage? Or alternately, empty it and measure as you fill?
How do they prevent the water from freezing in extreme cold? Like in the steam engine that part is obvious (just don't let the fire go out) but those large water tanks you fill from. . . how do they prevent the water in there from freezing? Do they have a electric heater? I assume back in the day that would be a coal fire or something? So I guess they used to have smokestacks too? I'm guessing there's some sort of pump mechanism to elevate the water up that high also, right? Back in the day that would be a steam powered pump pumping from well water, right? Did you do a video where you talk about the water supply tanks yet?
My brain the whole time right that down! Right That Down!
Hi hyce I have a little model steam boiler setup.
Should I put a valve as a regulator on the tube so I can control how fast the piston moves ? Anyways great vedo and very interesting😎
Another good program Hyce! Now the next video - Hyce and gang fills the tender with gallon jugs to find out for sure. LOL.
hose with a flow gauge or a water meter would give accurate enough information if filling from a hose like at IRM. If drawing down water from a tank shut off the supply from full and see how much the level drops and calculate from those numbers.
Measuring fluid consumption with a yard stick rubs me wrong. This doesn't account for irregular shapes most water tanks have.
If your water tower has a known flow rate it'd be as simple as to fill them back up while measuring how long it takes.