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Actually we can manage weeds several better methods than using synthetic chemical inputs. Using livestock to control both pests and weeds, improving soil health through polycultures, and growing plants that respond well to the local biomes rids farmers and ranchers of the need to use expensive synthetic inputs entirely. Mark Shepard has his home base farm, plus a bunch more he in developing in nearby states that are doing well. Btw we've known about the chemical juglone for quite a while. Johnson grass is a problematic relative of sorghum as cold weather causes it to be poisonous to livestock. Scotch broom is another plant that uses allelopathy.
Plants compete wow like any Gardner would know this. Also why the hell does nobody grow native fruits there delicious and becoming more rare please grow native ones.
@@thesilentone4024 Mark Shepard/Restoration Agriculture uses a the natural biome as a basis for what he grows, they outcompete the weeds and then he uses livestock to manage pests and the few weeds that are a bother. The livestock also add fertility. A really nice side benefit includes really healthy, flavorful meats are produced and totally avoids CAFOs/monocropping/bare, dead fields (fallow) and soil loss/irrigation/synthetic chemical inputs. He produces a lot more calories and nutrition per acre than his neighbors while greatly reducing costs. His has a lot more economic resilience than his neighbors. His home base is in Wisconsin or Minnesota, I believe, though he is also working on developing several other farms in nearby states.
I like how the title went from the rather neutral "Plants that poison the competition" to the absolute news headline of a news article "Plants will absolutely murder each other"
It's pretty common for the title to change. Sometimes it starts as clickbait and gets normal and sometimes it's the opposite. I've been hoping we'll see some data from that one day.
Changing the video title multiple times is the new meta of getting more views. And with this video it's completely true that plants do murder each other.
Just last night my dad showed me that a mature Norway spruce in his backyard had bent its own branch to shade out one of the new Norway spruces he had planted next to it. It looked like the branch was patting the smaller tree on the head, except the smaller tree was brown on top for lack of sun.
Or maybe the sapling was getting burnt and the older tree shaded it? Either way, that's cool! I read somewhere parent trees can transfer nutrients through the root mycelia to its offspring.
that’s hilarious imagine your neighbor going out of their way to be like “nope. no food for you it’s mine now.” tree drama is something i would love to see
Black walnut (juglans nigra) is an american species, so Pliny couldn't have observed it. He was observing another walnut tree, a closely related english walnut, juglans regia (though it does not come from England, despite the name). Although the black walnut produces more of the juglone than english walnut, as far as I'm aware
By contrast carrots boost tomato growth. Another common vegetable always stunts the growth of tomatoes near it, Kale. I've learned that one from personal experience. Two or three years in a row I had tomatoes refuse to grow when planted in the same bed/shrub pot as kale. Good to know that not everything bows to black walnut trees though.
Kale requires a lot of nitrogen, since you're primarily growing it for the leaves. Tomatoes also require lots of nitrogen, but only during the first phase of their lives. After that, you want to scale back the nitrogen and give them phosphorous to encourage flowering and fruit development. Otherwise tomatoes given too much nitrogen will bush out with lots of leafy growth and very few flowers. So it might actually be okay to plant kale next to mature tomatoes, as long as the tomatoes don't shade it out. There is another consideration though, which is that tomatoes and other nightshades tend to prefer acidic soil, whereas kale and other brassicas prefer more neutral soil.
An old gardener saying about generally putting a garden near a walnut tree is "a hundred yards or a hundred years". First, clearly distance, but the second is that even over decades, a big, old, walnut even years after it has died has invested the surrounding soil so thoroughly with juglone that its effects are still in play.
You can mulch an entire 50ft walnut tree into your garden in the fall and by spring there will be 0 juglone remaining. Anyone who tells you otherwise is wrong.
@@SergeantDude well that’s because walnut mulch stays on top of the soil and the juglone will break down over time. If a walnut tree grew in the area, the juglone will have built up over a long period of time and be a higher concentration, along with being deeper in the soil where it’s protected from the environment
@@samreid6010 what gives you the courage to just make stuff up? Juglone is READILY degraded by bacteria.Some can even survive solely on juglone on the roots of mature trees. Science has disagreed with gardeners on this for 70 years and it's sad to see scishow parroting this crap.
@@SergeantDude B.S. we have large black walnut trees and after 20 years from being cut down, NO fruiting tree can survive in its former canopy ground area. Sumac loves it tho
When I was a kid my grandparents had a farm with two huge, old trees, one on either side of the property. One was an oak tree, but the other was a 40 or so year old black walnut tree. I always wondered why the entire area around that huge tree was practically barren!
Probably was also because they are big trres that creat lots of shade, and have a big dense root systems that out compete other plants for water and nutrients. Pines do the same, and they dont produce jugolone...
@@srantoniomatos I remembered that pine needles have alot of tannin and resins which is quite toxic to other plants and also alter the soil pH to make the soil more suitable for them.
@@minhducnguyen9276 yeah..maybe a bit too, of that. Not much tho. Belive pine needles only make the soil more acidic in great quantities usually bog places, very rainy places. Otherwise is jusl a small layer of dry mulch that dosent affect soil ph. The density of pine roots arround the upper layers of soil inibites lots of plants, due to lack of moist, anyway, lots of small bushes grow around a pine if it have space enough, because its a great place for bidrs go eat the seeds...
@@srantoniomatos I learned that pine forests tend to have less smaller plants because the needles are harder to decompose which makes it harder to hold water and the grass will also have harder time punching through the thick needles to get to the surface or the soil below. But I don't know how much the tanin and the pH change contribute to the suppression of other plants.
The books Carrots Love Tomatoes is a great place to learn about what to plant together and what to plant far away. Companion planting is so good for home gardens!
Sandra Bullock tried planting her companion in Practical Magic. Her roses never bloomed so well. But not recommended unless you're an expert (..or 'bedding' the Chief Detective).
The house I lived in as a kid had a large butternut tree (part of the walnut family) in the back yard. One of the few plants not affected by juglone is black raspberries, so the area around the tree was always completely full of raspberries and nothing else.
I learned something new about sorghum. Decades ago I learned about its behavior of producing hydrocyanic acid if it wilts such as from frost damage, which was something we carefully had to watch as we had one year of adding Sudax (hybrid Sorghum and Sudan Grass, which also has the behavior) as a crop on my father's dairy farm in Pennsylvania.
Pliny was probably the first person to write about it. Just holding Walnut husks stains your skin brown, the husks are green. And it's a pain in the ass to clean.
Best wishes - it's a really great experience! 😄 They get better over time, so don't panic if it's kinda wonky and a little underwhelming the first time!
I love this video. My favorite part is the part about the thistle producing Allelochemicals, because that thistle and many other thistles grow under pine trees that produce different Allelochemicals of their own to prevent plants from growing. I know this from personal experience because I transplanted some from under trees in the woods to under trees in my own yard so something, not nothing would grow under them. It is also how some broadleaf plants considered weeds by some kill the grass around them. If you have one of these trees in your yard and want something growing under it, try a unrelated plant that does the same thing by producing different Allelochemicals, or find the same tree or a related tree elsewhere and dig up a few of the plants that grow underneath that tree. They will likely grow under your tree. Raking all the leaves or in the case of my trees the needles also helps because as he pointed out, the decomposing leaves also produce the chemicals. But don't do that if you are trying to cultivate a plant that actually likes growing in that species's decomposing leaves or needles, like certain oxalis species grow under certain pine trees with most of their root system in the decomposing needles and bark. It depends on what tree you have and what you want to grow, but if you pick the right species it is possible to have food, flowers, or even a lawn going all the way up to the trunk of any tree.
Dunno if you read the comments Hank. You're honestly one boss babe and I'm glad I stuck around all the way to the end. I study molecular plant sciences and really hadn't come across this concept during my studies. Like it, love it, want more of it.
I'd recommend the book "Plant Partners". The author has done a lot of scientific research with a whole chapter on allelochemicals. As well as reducing chemical herbicides (to almost zero), it encourages the farmer/gardener to rethink plantation strategies. Chemical-drenched monocultures are literally the worst agricultural systems in history, and only exist because of the vast amount of money flowing in to prop them up.
Hickory trees do emit juglone, but not as much as grandma's black walnut trees. She moved into a brand new house and she planted two black walnut trees. The one bordering her driveway and next to her neighbor's property killed her neighbor's privet hedge. My neighbor's hickory tree is close to my property and my tomatoes and peppers take a hit when they are rotated there. The hickory is in soil with a pH of 8.0, alkaline, and that stress seems to up the dosage of juglone. Hickory likes a pH of 6 to 7, slightly acid. However hickory does grow here and they turn yellow and drop their leaves earlier than the other types of non-native trees here. Denver east of the North Platte was treeless plain. Onions, beans and garlic do well in the same spot. However, Summer Girl tomatoes seems to have a tolerance to juglone and early blight, a disease more common to gardeners today. The two extra plants near the hickory did as well as those in the main part of the garden this year until frost. The two other varieties wilted and died in July.
According to my available sources, Pliny The Elder died in 79AD, and the black walnut wasn't introduced to Europe until the Colombian exchange. Pliny wrote about the Persian walnut (Juglans regia), not the black walnut (Juglans niger).
Fans of Tasting History will recognize that black walnut sabotage is one of the very few credible things Pliny the Elder wrote. The man certainly had a vivid imagination!
At least Pliny the Younger gave us a good description of a plinian volcanic eruption and pyroclastic flow from eruption column collapse… in the same eruption that gave Pliny the Elder a fatal heart attack.
Our property is full of black walnut trees and not knowing about black walnut toxicity, I put a garden in a spot surrounded by them and used mulch containing some leaves and any tomatoes I ever plant there will grow great for a while, then start to wither and wilt. The only thing that really grows decently in that spot is zucchini and that didn't even do well this year. In the front yard away from the BW trees, in large pots and a raised bed the tomatoes and peppers grow great.
Sunflowers are also plant killers, however, I still like to have them near my veggie garden. I just make sure that the would-be-victim plants are in a raised bed so their soil isn’t effected. And the sunflowers can then become a bug trap, attracting pests that would normally go after the tender veggies
@@fredericapanon207 I think horses are just sensitive to compounds in the wood. I’ve seen it mentioned many times over the years in woodworking publications. I don’t know much about horses besides them being expensive to keep.
Interesting. My family used to grow a garden every year, and our tomato plants never seemed to survive long enough to grow tomatoes (which is a bummer because I love tomatoes). We live right against some woods, and it includes black walnut trees. We noticed how our tomato plants did better after the county came and cut down the trees nearest my house by a good 20 yards to protect my neighborhood from falling trees. My parents always assumed they just finally got the right fertilizer and watering schedule figured out.
You must mean Pliny the Elder and English (aka Persian) Walnuts. Black Walnuts were native to Eastern North America and weren't introduced to Europe until the 1600s.
Where as Persian walnut (juglans regia) was a favorite of the Romans and was spread throughout their sphere of influence. Yeah, I was ready to jump on that too. You beat me to it!
Pliney The Elder could not have known about black walnut or Juglans nigra without visiting North America well before the first Europeans. There are several other walnuts native to Eurasia that share the same chemicals though.
Organic farmers can use the allelopathy of plants like sorghum and rye as a form of weed suppression by growing them as a cover crop. Instead of harvesting the plants for food, they incorporate them into the soil and as they break down they release their allelochemicals and prevent weed seed germination. The crops planted after that are either chosen for their innate resistance to the allelochemical or the crop seeds are protected by virtue of tending to be my larger than weed seeds. The effect often isn’t huge, but it is appreciable and is an ongoing area of research.
Sorghum (as a green manure) is mostly used for biomass and to release cyanide into the soil to kill nematodes. I wasn't aware that anyone used it to exert selection pressure on subsequent plants.
My parents have a couple of black walnut trees in their yard and I have a few other plants that don't seem to be inhibited by their juglone-y ways: lilacs, grass, other berry bushes. Nobody's ever tried growing vegetables near them to my knowledge.
There are published lists of what will or will not grow under walnuts. Many North American forest natives seem to have developed an immunity. (Black raspberries do fine; red raspberries, which are basically European, don't. ) For some reason nightshades like tomatoes are particularly susceptible, but some vegetables are probably immune. Of course, standard vegetables usually aren't forest plants and (for historical reasons) few in commerce today are North American, so evolved immunity is a little less likely. I suspect pokeweed probably loves walnuts (just be sure you know how to eat poke--it isn't lettuce).
Perennial hardy geranium puts out a lot of allopathic substances. I removed it from a bed, not even mint or crab grass would grow in the bed this whole year, hopefully it will dissipate over the winter.
Actually we can manage weeds with several better methods than using synthetic chemical inputs. Using livestock to control both pests and weeds, improving soil health through polycultures, and growing plants that respond well to the local biomes rids farmers and ranchers of the need to use expensive synthetic inputs entirely. Mark Shepard has his home base farm, plus a bunch more he in developing in nearby states that are doing well. Btw we've known about the chemical juglone for quite a while. Johnson grass is a problematic relative of sorghum as cold weather causes it to be poisonous to livestock. Scotch broom is another plant that uses allelopathy.
I mean, yeah. But that's ignoring the fact that industrial farms will absolutely not want to do that bc profits, and that we depend on those farms for food. And even if we did switch, it would need to be carefully done bc smthn could easily go wrong. And if it goes wrong, we're easily screwed.
@@StonedtotheBones13 Exactly. While permaculture/restoration ag techniques are profitable in and of themselves, they lack the value added effects that bad ag bring. Human and livestock maladies, pollution, soil degradation, food vulnerability, etc now require techniques, inputs, treatments, etc that keep us in a cycle of extra dependency on the corporate conglomerates...
@@StonedtotheBones13 Agriculture is heavily subsidised in the cast majority of developed economies - change the system of subsidies and give farmers a fair chance and agriculture will follow along - very quickly too I bet!
The native juniper in the Southwest supresses many plants. I mulch them with nuisance plants like tumbleweeds, because no shed seeds will grow. It's an effective way to prevent the spread of the seeds. e
When I was a kid, my Dad pointed-out to me that some conifers have relatively acidic needles. And when the needles shed, they acidify to soil making it difficult for competing plants to grow. Plants be nasty!
I recently heard the claim that it isn't actually the acidity that is the main cause of a lack of other plants under conifers, it plays a part but the main reason is that they constantly cover the soil in needles, and newly sprouted plants need sunlight to grow.
Good thing I watched the whole video, I was thinking for most of it "why don't we try to use these chemicals to replace harmful herbicide". But that was answered at the end. lol
I guess it's a matter of dialect - usually Hank and his crew on PBS Eons (awesome yt channel - I love i) are pretty much the golden standard when it comes to American pronunciation, but they're not shy to point out that they make decisions when it comes pronunciation. Or if they occasionally actually get it wrong - I think dialects enrich a language!
I have a chokeberry in front of the house, and the dwarf Japanese red maple I planted next to it is growing like it’s recoiling in horror. I suspect allelopathy now. I am planning to remove the chokeberry and replace with goldspire gingko…that is, after a little research.
So the sorghum in my budgie seed mix that is getting into my garden and growing weeds around my bushes is what's killing them! Finally an answer to my mystery!
The sources used in this video are listed in the description and I've yet to find one that explains how Pliny could have known anything about Black Walnut. Many here have already pointed out the incongruities and I've gone back just to confirm what Hank actually said. It appears that Pliny may simply have been one of the (or the) first people to document the observed effects of allelopathy and apparently it was an observation involving chick peas. It looks like either his researchers or his script writers may have let Hank down on this one. Probably going to be one of those videos where a correction/retraction is due.
He was observing an english walnut, juglans regia (although despite the name it does not originate from England, anywhere close from it to be honest). It is a closely related species to black walnut (juglans nigra). Both of them are very similar, but black walnut produces more of the juglone from what I know
I think myself and many other certain medical history podcast listners would disagree with your pronunciation of our old friend Pliny the elder. But it's great to see him either way!
How Pliny the Elder, who lived in Italy during the Roman Empire and died in 79 AD, noticed that black walnut trees (Juglans nigra), that are native to North America, "tend not to have many leafy neighbours", when continental North America is credited to have been "discovered" (intending its presence acknowledged to Europeans) by Giovanni Caboto only in 1497? Is this finally a proof of time travelling?
Very cool, and it should absolutely be researched, but there is no inherent reason why these plant-produced chemicals would be less risky than conventional pesticides. We have to do the research to find out.
I like how I'm hearing from people near me learn new things about black walnut trees, and I'm like yep I know, we're surrounded by them remember, lol. The thistle is easier to deal with than another yet much more thorny plant. I've been doing research over the past couple years, getting info from the conservation department, botanists, etc, and putting our black walnuts, husks too, through some tests. One test I did 3yrs ago, was to tackle an invasive plant that likes to take over the ground in the woods. It usually sends roots out every 10ft-20ft where you'll then see another one poking from the ground. If left alone, it'll grow into one big thorny bush so to speak. Wildlife hate it, from turkeys, deer, coyotes, raccoons, rabbits, and even mice. I was told by the Missouri department, there's only 2 options to remove the invasive plant: control burn, or pull every single one during winter. But, black walnuts is your best option! What I did was collect walnuts when they were getting black spots and felt kinda squishy. They can't be black and dried up or it won't work. You need the inside between the husk & nut to still have it's moisture. I used a 5g bucket and filled it up, but about ⅓ of the bucket filled with water. You want the husks to be able to be at the point they come off easy from the shells. *make sure to wear clothing or outerwear you don't mind staining or throwing away. Those latex/non latex gloves ain't gonna help you in this, get some long dishwashing gloves. *wear disposable gloves within, just in case. I had plastic type slip on garden shoes, and they are permenantly stained, that's how strong that black juice is gonna be! Soaking time varies. You're looking for when the husks come off easy. *The shells get taken out btw. Prior to dumping the mix onto the invasive plant, the plant gets cut down as low as possible to the ground, and holes poked toward its roots. Then pour the black water mix on it. I will say the grass around it was affected but came back last year. *Sorry, forgot name of plant. Comment to remind me to tell you.
Kudzu maybe?? It's a beast! Btw, the recipe you described matches up with one that some survivalist-types have used for illegal applications. We didn't have this conversation, k.
@@timapple6586 I'm good with what I've been working on. Nothing illegal, unless I was to go on someone else's property without their knowledge. And we've got black walnut trees mixed in the woods with other trees close together. There are grasses and flowers that can do fine near a black walnut tree, even within 5ft. I will back up what was said tho in the video about certain produce won't do well or even grow near a black walnut tree. I lost several seed packs attempting to see what would grow in my garden spaces. Cherry tomatoes I can't say for certain because of the extreme dry heat we had during summer. Poor little tomatoes were getting burned this year.
Besides certain plants that don't do well from black walnuts, I'm curious why 2 times I found newts in the walnut pile around a tree. We don't have a pond or lake near, a creek is well down the road tho. The creek is usually dried up. It just seemed like an odd thing to happen, twice we know of.
Black Walnuts are native to North America. Carpathian Walnuts were what was referred to by Pliny the Elder. Carpathian Walnuts are allopathic but not to the degree that Black Walnuts are.
Musk Thistles die after flowering? You've never seen them in a pasture, have you? If so, they regenerate like a Phoenix every year. Sure as he'll, they don't die here in the States where they are invasive! I've seen them taller than I am, and thick as a man's wrist. That is each stalk of them. The rosette will often send out many stalks. That Only happens after years.
I grew up with a Black Walnut tree in my back yard I had to wear leather gloves picking up those freshly dropped nuts. The outer hauls would stain my hands and made me sick to my stomach otherwise the scent of them was line a pine cleanser ramped up to oil base perfume or thick contrate if you will.
Morning Glories just reached out and physically strangled my Stargazer Lily. I'm going to have to get some of these poisoner plants. They seem so much more sophisticated.
Pliny the Elder could not have talked about the black walnut, Juglans nigra, because that tree is native to North America, not Europe or Africa. There are different walnut trees native to Europe that he must have been referring to. 1:00
Thistles are utter a-holes when they're in the "rosette" stage, running about on grass barefoot as a kid, you found them soon enough, and because they grow so flat, the mower just skims right over them too... :S
Well, I'll be growing pecan trees instead of walnuts then, or keep the walnuts confined to the melon patch. 😉 I definitely want to learn more about this.
You left out that the Black Walnut hulls stink to high hell and drive humans away as well. 😉 I have 3 massive ones on the edge of my property (that are my neighbors) and I wish they would just die. They stink, nothing grows under them, and they drop baseball sized bombs everywhere. In the fall I have to avoid that whole side of my yard or risk head trauma.
Lol. We all really, really love the neighbor with the black walnut trees, don't we? I used to fantasize about renting a fire-fighting helicopter to drop a load of Round-up on the one that poisoned out my garden back in the 1990s. Instead, I put everything sensitive into Earthboxes, so now what I complain about is that there's too much shade from the tree, the sound of squirrels chewing the hulls off becomes trying at this time of year, and cleaning up the yard dyes everything black.
If somehow a band of bark got stripped from all around the tree, the tree will die. A 10 centimeter wide strip should be enough. I won't have to tell you to wear a helmet because I know you wouldn't do this to your neighbour.
@@anne-droid7739 I fantasized about dumping gallon jugs of season long to poison them from the roots. I don't know if it would work but I would never actually do that.
@@areolata Lol. Of course not. No one would. But oh, how we wished that tree would get struck by lightning, didn't we? We struggled for years, until we came to understand that the tree was doing more good for the world than our poor poisoned tomato plants were!
Pesticides are just artificially provided allelochemicals. Some of them are literally just ones that we took from one plant and used on another. It's not some untapped option. There's also zero compelling evidence of glyphosate being harmful to humans.
My uncle once told me about how he shredded some black walnut saplings and used them to mulch his garden. I laughed and asked him how long it took his garden to die. He only made that mistake once.
The Black Walnut killing your tomatoes with Juglone is probably kind of nonsense. Juglone absolutely does kill plants in large amounts, but Black Walnut trees only have one way that puts Juglone into the ground directly. Instead, they put Hydrojuglone into the ground, which is the reduced form of Juglone through leaf litter and hulls. Experimentally, there has been no difference in the amount of Juglone in the ground around black walnut trees depending on the time of year, indicating that the decomposition of the leaf litter and hulls does not deposit a significant amount of Juglone into the ground. The roots of a Black Walnut do however put a consistent amount of juglone into the ground year round, but there isn't any experimental evidence of this ever reaching phytotoxic levels. It is actually quite likely that Black walnuts kill with a cocktail of allelopathic compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, etc.) and do not rely on Juglone alone to do it. I would recommend listening to the field guides podcast episode on them for a more holistic look at black walnuts. Episode in question: www.thefieldguidespodcast.com/new-blog/2022/5/20/ep-56-lets-get-nuts
Hank, you have an error in your script, at 1:32, you should have stated, "One of the ways that juglone is thought to work is by getting into the mitochondria, which are the powerhouse of the cell, in the roots of certain plants"
Oh, I should probably apologize to my neighbour then, I suspected him of killing my flowers when I saw him spray herbicides in my garden. Turns out it was a Walnut tree! There aren't any in the neighbourhood so it means there's definitely a hidden tree killing my plants somewhere beneath my house!
@@itsohaya4096 totally! We all start somewhere! I'm from Greenland - horticulture isn't very big in the high Arctic and there are two kinds of shrubs that go for being trees 🤭
Walnut and other trees have root systems that can reach three times the distance from the edge of their canopies. New gardeners can be forgiven their mistakes when dealing with unseen circumstances.
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Actually we can manage weeds several better methods than using synthetic chemical inputs.
Using livestock to control both pests and weeds, improving soil health through polycultures, and growing plants that respond well to the local biomes rids farmers and ranchers of the need to use expensive synthetic inputs entirely. Mark Shepard has his home base farm, plus a bunch more he in developing in nearby states that are doing well.
Btw we've known about the chemical juglone for quite a while.
Johnson grass is a problematic relative of sorghum as cold weather causes it to be poisonous to livestock.
Scotch broom is another plant that uses allelopathy.
Calling Pliny the Elder just a naturalist is falling short, but I like him being mentioned.
Plants compete wow like any Gardner would know this.
Also why the hell does nobody grow native fruits there delicious and becoming more rare please grow native ones.
i had rocket money and they charged me for a premium subscription without my consent
@@thesilentone4024
Mark Shepard/Restoration Agriculture uses a the natural biome as a basis for what he grows, they outcompete the weeds and then he uses livestock to manage pests and the few weeds that are a bother. The livestock also add fertility. A really nice side benefit includes really healthy, flavorful meats are produced and totally avoids CAFOs/monocropping/bare, dead fields (fallow) and soil loss/irrigation/synthetic chemical inputs. He produces a lot more calories and nutrition per acre than his neighbors while greatly reducing costs. His has a lot more economic resilience than his neighbors. His home base is in Wisconsin or Minnesota, I believe, though he is also working on developing several other farms in nearby states.
I like how the title went from the rather neutral "Plants that poison the competition" to the absolute news headline of a news article "Plants will absolutely murder each other"
I bet the views went up significantly because of it.
It's pretty common for the title to change. Sometimes it starts as clickbait and gets normal and sometimes it's the opposite. I've been hoping we'll see some data from that one day.
Changing the video title multiple times is the new meta of getting more views. And with this video it's completely true that plants do murder each other.
UA-cam. Gotta entice the clicks. It's a part of the game.
I would have clicked regardless of which title, it’s just that it showed up in recommendations with the current one
Just last night my dad showed me that a mature Norway spruce in his backyard had bent its own branch to shade out one of the new Norway spruces he had planted next to it. It looked like the branch was patting the smaller tree on the head, except the smaller tree was brown on top for lack of sun.
Or maybe the sapling was getting burnt and the older tree shaded it? Either way, that's cool! I read somewhere parent trees can transfer nutrients through the root mycelia to its offspring.
that’s hilarious imagine your neighbor going out of their way to be like “nope. no food for you it’s mine now.” tree drama is something i would love to see
Black walnut (juglans nigra) is an american species, so Pliny couldn't have observed it. He was observing another walnut tree, a closely related english walnut, juglans regia (though it does not come from England, despite the name). Although the black walnut produces more of the juglone than english walnut, as far as I'm aware
This
Yeah something seemed off there
Ahh i just wrote a comment about this and its great that others notice tis
By contrast carrots boost tomato growth. Another common vegetable always stunts the growth of tomatoes near it, Kale. I've learned that one from personal experience. Two or three years in a row I had tomatoes refuse to grow when planted in the same bed/shrub pot as kale. Good to know that not everything bows to black walnut trees though.
Someone must have forgotten to tell my tomatoes, which are growing well with Kale
Both kale and tomatoes are heavy feeders, I bet the kale simply overpowered the tomatoes in that regard.
That's called companion planting. In permaculture you see of lot of 'guilds' -that are essentially plantings of mutually beneficial plants...
Kale requires a lot of nitrogen, since you're primarily growing it for the leaves. Tomatoes also require lots of nitrogen, but only during the first phase of their lives. After that, you want to scale back the nitrogen and give them phosphorous to encourage flowering and fruit development. Otherwise tomatoes given too much nitrogen will bush out with lots of leafy growth and very few flowers. So it might actually be okay to plant kale next to mature tomatoes, as long as the tomatoes don't shade it out. There is another consideration though, which is that tomatoes and other nightshades tend to prefer acidic soil, whereas kale and other brassicas prefer more neutral soil.
@@volz4103 Companion plants
An old gardener saying about generally putting a garden near a walnut tree is "a hundred yards or a hundred years". First, clearly distance, but the second is that even over decades, a big, old, walnut even years after it has died has invested the surrounding soil so thoroughly with juglone that its effects are still in play.
You can mulch an entire 50ft walnut tree into your garden in the fall and by spring there will be 0 juglone remaining. Anyone who tells you otherwise is wrong.
@@SergeantDude well that’s because walnut mulch stays on top of the soil and the juglone will break down over time. If a walnut tree grew in the area, the juglone will have built up over a long period of time and be a higher concentration, along with being deeper in the soil where it’s protected from the environment
@@samreid6010 what gives you the courage to just make stuff up? Juglone is READILY degraded by bacteria.Some can even survive solely on juglone on the roots of mature trees. Science has disagreed with gardeners on this for 70 years and it's sad to see scishow parroting this crap.
@@SergeantDude B.S. we have large black walnut trees and after 20 years from being cut down, NO fruiting tree can survive in its former canopy ground area. Sumac loves it tho
@@samreid6010 indeed. We had a compost pile under a walnut tree and the compost killed tomatoes and other plants
When I was a kid my grandparents had a farm with two huge, old trees, one on either side of the property. One was an oak tree, but the other was a 40 or so year old black walnut tree. I always wondered why the entire area around that huge tree was practically barren!
Juglone am I right
Probably was also because they are big trres that creat lots of shade, and have a big dense root systems that out compete other plants for water and nutrients. Pines do the same, and they dont produce jugolone...
@@srantoniomatos I remembered that pine needles have alot of tannin and resins which is quite toxic to other plants and also alter the soil pH to make the soil more suitable for them.
@@minhducnguyen9276 yeah..maybe a bit too, of that. Not much tho. Belive pine needles only make the soil more acidic in great quantities usually bog places, very rainy places. Otherwise is jusl a small layer of dry mulch that dosent affect soil ph. The density of pine roots arround the upper layers of soil inibites lots of plants, due to lack of moist, anyway, lots of small bushes grow around a pine if it have space enough, because its a great place for bidrs go eat the seeds...
@@srantoniomatos I learned that pine forests tend to have less smaller plants because the needles are harder to decompose which makes it harder to hold water and the grass will also have harder time punching through the thick needles to get to the surface or the soil below. But I don't know how much the tanin and the pH change contribute to the suppression of other plants.
The books Carrots Love Tomatoes is a great place to learn about what to plant together and what to plant far away. Companion planting is so good for home gardens!
Sandra Bullock tried planting her companion in Practical Magic. Her roses never bloomed so well. But not recommended unless you're an expert (..or 'bedding' the Chief Detective).
@@timapple6586 that's the second time today I've seen Practical Magic referenced. Coincide?
Probably, but shhh.
This kind of complex interaction between nature and agriculture is really fascinating at the same time it boggles my mind.
Agriculture IS part of nature.
Technology IS part of nature.
This was new to me. Allelochemicals.....are plant wars.
Also, Hank Green and the whole Scishow team is THE BEST! Keep up your good work!
The house I lived in as a kid had a large butternut tree (part of the walnut family) in the back yard. One of the few plants not affected by juglone is black raspberries, so the area around the tree was always completely full of raspberries and nothing else.
I lived in Montana and remember knapweed spreading like crazy. Whole pastures filled with it among what seemed like a desert for other plants.
It’s also interesting to look at Eucalyptus and how unique the allopathic cocktail is to each individual.
I thought they weren't subtle about getting rid of competition. The plants in the vid do poisonig, eucalyptus just outright commit arson.
I learned something new about sorghum. Decades ago I learned about its behavior of producing hydrocyanic acid if it wilts such as from frost damage, which was something we carefully had to watch as we had one year of adding Sudax (hybrid Sorghum and Sudan Grass, which also has the behavior) as a crop on my father's dairy farm in Pennsylvania.
Pliny was probably the first person to write about it. Just holding Walnut husks stains your skin brown, the husks are green. And it's a pain in the ass to clean.
Walnut husks were used to dye clothes - it gives a very nice brown colour! 😄
OMG, what timing! I have *just* been looking for suitable and unsuitable woods for Hugelkulture gardening. Thank you!!
Best wishes - it's a really great experience! 😄 They get better over time, so don't panic if it's kinda wonky and a little underwhelming the first time!
I love this video. My favorite part is the part about the thistle producing Allelochemicals, because that thistle and many other thistles grow under pine trees that produce different Allelochemicals of their own to prevent plants from growing. I know this from personal experience because I transplanted some from under trees in the woods to under trees in my own yard so something, not nothing would grow under them. It is also how some broadleaf plants considered weeds by some kill the grass around them. If you have one of these trees in your yard and want something growing under it, try a unrelated plant that does the same thing by producing different Allelochemicals, or find the same tree or a related tree elsewhere and dig up a few of the plants that grow underneath that tree. They will likely grow under your tree. Raking all the leaves or in the case of my trees the needles also helps because as he pointed out, the decomposing leaves also produce the chemicals. But don't do that if you are trying to cultivate a plant that actually likes growing in that species's decomposing leaves or needles, like certain oxalis species grow under certain pine trees with most of their root system in the decomposing needles and bark. It depends on what tree you have and what you want to grow, but if you pick the right species it is possible to have food, flowers, or even a lawn going all the way up to the trunk of any tree.
Dunno if you read the comments Hank. You're honestly one boss babe and I'm glad I stuck around all the way to the end. I study molecular plant sciences and really hadn't come across this concept during my studies. Like it, love it, want more of it.
Hie just want to say I love your content , your talks on Umwelt and Allelopathy are so far my favorite … keep the good work going
I'd recommend the book "Plant Partners". The author has done a lot of scientific research with a whole chapter on allelochemicals. As well as reducing chemical herbicides (to almost zero), it encourages the farmer/gardener to rethink plantation strategies. Chemical-drenched monocultures are literally the worst agricultural systems in history, and only exist because of the vast amount of money flowing in to prop them up.
Hickory trees do emit juglone, but not as much as grandma's black walnut trees. She moved into a brand new house and she planted two black walnut trees. The one bordering her driveway and next to her neighbor's property killed her neighbor's privet hedge. My neighbor's hickory tree is close to my property and my tomatoes and peppers take a hit when they are rotated there. The hickory is in soil with a pH of 8.0, alkaline, and that stress seems to up the dosage of juglone. Hickory likes a pH of 6 to 7, slightly acid. However hickory does grow here and they turn yellow and drop their leaves earlier than the other types of non-native trees here. Denver east of the North Platte was treeless plain. Onions, beans and garlic do well in the same spot. However, Summer Girl tomatoes seems to have a tolerance to juglone and early blight, a disease more common to gardeners today. The two extra plants near the hickory did as well as those in the main part of the garden this year until frost. The two other varieties wilted and died in July.
LOL, now THAT'S a great secondary title for yer episode: "The Cereal Killers!" 😆
When growing up, a PSII issue also reduced my ability to thrive outside.
I'm so glad to see someone else thought of this joke.
Bruh...
Tekken II was my bff
Very interesting. Great. I just started gardening this past summer and will plant more next spring.
According to my available sources, Pliny The Elder died in 79AD, and the black walnut wasn't introduced to Europe until the Colombian exchange.
Pliny wrote about the Persian walnut (Juglans regia), not the black walnut (Juglans niger).
Not enough Gs
Juglans regia does the same thing. they probably cite the Juglans niger for the american viewers.
I assume the Persian walnut does the same thing.
@@raptor4916no.
@@raptor4916 It contains quite a bit of juglone in the leaves of Juglans regia, but extracts of this chemical are taken from the husks.
Fans of Tasting History will recognize that black walnut sabotage is one of the very few credible things Pliny the Elder wrote. The man certainly had a vivid imagination!
Back then people thought they could know reality just by thinking and possibly listening to hearsay.
At least Pliny the Younger gave us a good description of a plinian volcanic eruption and pyroclastic flow from eruption column collapse… in the same eruption that gave Pliny the Elder a fatal heart attack.
I don't see how this is any different from some media today tbh
My nearby black walnut tree has a lot of wild basil and garlic mustard growing near it
Our property is full of black walnut trees and not knowing about black walnut toxicity, I put a garden in a spot surrounded by them and used mulch containing some leaves and any tomatoes I ever plant there will grow great for a while, then start to wither and wilt. The only thing that really grows decently in that spot is zucchini and that didn't even do well this year. In the front yard away from the BW trees, in large pots and a raised bed the tomatoes and peppers grow great.
My pet rabbit when I was 8 had musk thistle as its favorite treat lol
Sunflowers are also plant killers, however, I still like to have them near my veggie garden. I just make sure that the would-be-victim plants are in a raised bed so their soil isn’t effected. And the sunflowers can then become a bug trap, attracting pests that would normally go after the tender veggies
There’s a good attenborough clip somewhere on youtube where a water lilly just obliterates all the other plants around it
Walnut shavings & sawdust is considered very bad for horse bedding too!
@wdwerker, Interesting. Why is that? What happens if you use walnut shavings as bedding a stall? Is there some reaction with horse urine?
@@fredericapanon207 I think horses are just sensitive to compounds in the wood. I’ve seen it mentioned many times over the years in woodworking publications. I don’t know much about horses besides them being expensive to keep.
Hank pronouncing Pliny like it rhymes with Viney when everyone else says it rhyming with Vinny really throw me for a loop
totally! It was so unexpected and so cute!
I've never heard it pronounced to rhyme with Vinny.
Where I am from, everyone says it Plee-nyush
I always wondered why my great grandfather dumped walnut husks on his muskmelon hills. now I know.
Where does the Lilac bush fall in this subject? I’ve always heard that the roots suppressed other plants.
Interesting. My family used to grow a garden every year, and our tomato plants never seemed to survive long enough to grow tomatoes (which is a bummer because I love tomatoes). We live right against some woods, and it includes black walnut trees. We noticed how our tomato plants did better after the county came and cut down the trees nearest my house by a good 20 yards to protect my neighborhood from falling trees. My parents always assumed they just finally got the right fertilizer and watering schedule figured out.
Garlic mustard (alliaria petiolata) has roots that release chemical that mess with neighboring plants by altering the network of fungi in the area.
Interesting. Guess stinging nettle isn't bothered by it, had a patch of garlic mustard that gave way to stinging nettle, both were tasty.
Just learned that winter rye is allelopathic, making it a good cover crop for the garden.
You must mean Pliny the Elder and English (aka Persian) Walnuts. Black Walnuts were native to Eastern North America and weren't introduced to Europe until the 1600s.
Where as Persian walnut (juglans regia) was a favorite of the Romans and was spread throughout their sphere of influence. Yeah, I was ready to jump on that too. You beat me to it!
Pliney The Elder could not have known about black walnut or Juglans nigra without visiting North America well before the first Europeans.
There are several other walnuts native to Eurasia that share the same chemicals though.
I like how this title was clockbait AND ABSOLUTELY TRUE ALSO.
Organic farmers can use the allelopathy of plants like sorghum and rye as a form of weed suppression by growing them as a cover crop. Instead of harvesting the plants for food, they incorporate them into the soil and as they break down they release their allelochemicals and prevent weed seed germination. The crops planted after that are either chosen for their innate resistance to the allelochemical or the crop seeds are protected by virtue of tending to be my larger than weed seeds. The effect often isn’t huge, but it is appreciable and is an ongoing area of research.
Sorghum (as a green manure) is mostly used for biomass and to release cyanide into the soil to kill nematodes. I wasn't aware that anyone used it to exert selection pressure on subsequent plants.
My parents have a couple of black walnut trees in their yard and I have a few other plants that don't seem to be inhibited by their juglone-y ways: lilacs, grass, other berry bushes. Nobody's ever tried growing vegetables near them to my knowledge.
There are published lists of what will or will not grow under walnuts. Many North American forest natives seem to have developed an immunity. (Black raspberries do fine; red raspberries, which are basically European, don't. ) For some reason nightshades like tomatoes are particularly susceptible, but some vegetables are probably immune. Of course, standard vegetables usually aren't forest plants and (for historical reasons) few in commerce today are North American, so evolved immunity is a little less likely. I suspect pokeweed probably loves walnuts (just be sure you know how to eat poke--it isn't lettuce).
Wow! Thank you!
Perennial hardy geranium puts out a lot of allopathic substances. I removed it from a bed, not even mint or crab grass would grow in the bed this whole year, hopefully it will dissipate over the winter.
The invasive species known as kudzu primarily climbs and strangles entire trees and everything else in its path.
That’s a different form of aggressive competition.
Actually we can manage weeds with several better methods than using synthetic chemical inputs.
Using livestock to control both pests and weeds, improving soil health through polycultures, and growing plants that respond well to the local biomes rids farmers and ranchers of the need to use expensive synthetic inputs entirely. Mark Shepard has his home base farm, plus a bunch more he in developing in nearby states that are doing well.
Btw we've known about the chemical juglone for quite a while.
Johnson grass is a problematic relative of sorghum as cold weather causes it to be poisonous to livestock.
Scotch broom is another plant that uses allelopathy.
I mean, yeah. But that's ignoring the fact that industrial farms will absolutely not want to do that bc profits, and that we depend on those farms for food. And even if we did switch, it would need to be carefully done bc smthn could easily go wrong. And if it goes wrong, we're easily screwed.
@@StonedtotheBones13
Exactly. While permaculture/restoration ag techniques are profitable in and of themselves, they lack the value added effects that bad ag bring. Human and livestock maladies, pollution, soil degradation, food vulnerability, etc now require techniques, inputs, treatments, etc that keep us in a cycle of extra dependency on the corporate conglomerates...
Yass! We need to manage this one world we have kn a much better way if we want to stick around!
@@StonedtotheBones13 Agriculture is heavily subsidised in the cast majority of developed economies - change the system of subsidies and give farmers a fair chance and agriculture will follow along - very quickly too I bet!
The native juniper in the Southwest supresses many plants. I mulch them with nuisance plants like tumbleweeds, because no shed seeds will grow. It's an effective way to prevent the spread of the seeds.
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When I was a kid, my Dad pointed-out to me that some conifers have relatively acidic needles. And when the needles shed, they acidify to soil making it difficult for competing plants to grow.
Plants be nasty!
I recently heard the claim that it isn't actually the acidity that is the main cause of a lack of other plants under conifers, it plays a part but the main reason is that they constantly cover the soil in needles, and newly sprouted plants need sunlight to grow.
That acidic soil is perfect for some plants. There are some orchids that will only grow in pine duff.
Good thing I watched the whole video, I was thinking for most of it "why don't we try to use these chemicals to replace harmful herbicide". But that was answered at the end. lol
Sorgoleone has a very appropriate mafia-like sound to it.
I did a whole thesis on allelopathy, and I've been pronouncing it wrong for two years 😂 Thanks Hank!
I guess it's a matter of dialect - usually Hank and his crew on PBS Eons (awesome yt channel - I love i) are pretty much the golden standard when it comes to American pronunciation, but they're not shy to point out that they make decisions when it comes pronunciation. Or if they occasionally actually get it wrong - I think dialects enrich a language!
I use the word occasionally at work and almost always drop that third “L”. Nobody seems to notice because they all do it too.
I have a chokeberry in front of the house, and the dwarf Japanese red maple I planted next to it is growing like it’s recoiling in horror. I suspect allelopathy now. I am planning to remove the chokeberry and replace with goldspire gingko…that is, after a little research.
How I love botanic scishows is like how I love eating cereal while staring at my garden
a small FYI is that flour from sorghum is a common ingredient in "gluten-free" flour.
So the sorghum in my budgie seed mix that is getting into my garden and growing weeds around my bushes is what's killing them! Finally an answer to my mystery!
Forgot to mention pine trees. Dense pine forests have few to no other plants growing around them.
Invasive mustards here in SoCal, USA can be a problem- their allochemistry can hinder the growth of native plants.
The sources used in this video are listed in the description and I've yet to find one that explains how Pliny could have known anything about Black Walnut. Many here have already pointed out the incongruities and I've gone back just to confirm what Hank actually said. It appears that Pliny may simply have been one of the (or the) first people to document the observed effects of allelopathy and apparently it was an observation involving chick peas. It looks like either his researchers or his script writers may have let Hank down on this one.
Probably going to be one of those videos where a correction/retraction is due.
He was observing an english walnut, juglans regia (although despite the name it does not originate from England, anywhere close from it to be honest). It is a closely related species to black walnut (juglans nigra). Both of them are very similar, but black walnut produces more of the juglone from what I know
I thought that the Black Walnut was a native tree to the Americas so Pliny would not have seen one.
@@broccanmacronain457 Thanks for explaining that... again.
Black walnut shavings (sawdust) used in stalls will poison horses.
My favorite trees to climb growing up were known poisoners of other plants
I think myself and many other certain medical history podcast listners would disagree with your pronunciation of our old friend Pliny the elder. But it's great to see him either way!
How Pliny the Elder, who lived in Italy during the Roman Empire and died in 79 AD, noticed that black walnut trees (Juglans nigra), that are native to North America, "tend not to have many leafy neighbours", when continental North America is credited to have been "discovered" (intending its presence acknowledged to Europeans) by Giovanni Caboto only in 1497? Is this finally a proof of time travelling?
Very cool, and it should absolutely be researched, but there is no inherent reason why these plant-produced chemicals would be less risky than conventional pesticides. We have to do the research to find out.
I like how I'm hearing from people near me learn new things about black walnut trees, and I'm like yep I know, we're surrounded by them remember, lol.
The thistle is easier to deal with than another yet much more thorny plant. I've been doing research over the past couple years, getting info from the conservation department, botanists, etc, and putting our black walnuts, husks too, through some tests.
One test I did 3yrs ago, was to tackle an invasive plant that likes to take over the ground in the woods. It usually sends roots out every 10ft-20ft where you'll then see another one poking from the ground. If left alone, it'll grow into one big thorny bush so to speak. Wildlife hate it, from turkeys, deer, coyotes, raccoons, rabbits, and even mice. I was told by the Missouri department, there's only 2 options to remove the invasive plant: control burn, or pull every single one during winter.
But, black walnuts is your best option!
What I did was collect walnuts when they were getting black spots and felt kinda squishy. They can't be black and dried up or it won't work. You need the inside between the husk & nut to still have it's moisture. I used a 5g bucket and filled it up, but about ⅓ of the bucket filled with water. You want the husks to be able to be at the point they come off easy from the shells.
*make sure to wear clothing or outerwear you don't mind staining or throwing away. Those latex/non latex gloves ain't gonna help you in this, get some long dishwashing gloves. *wear disposable gloves within, just in case.
I had plastic type slip on garden shoes, and they are permenantly stained, that's how strong that black juice is gonna be!
Soaking time varies. You're looking for when the husks come off easy.
*The shells get taken out btw.
Prior to dumping the mix onto the invasive plant, the plant gets cut down as low as possible to the ground, and holes poked toward its roots. Then pour the black water mix on it.
I will say the grass around it was affected but came back last year.
*Sorry, forgot name of plant. Comment to remind me to tell you.
Kudzu maybe?? It's a beast!
Btw, the recipe you described matches up with one that some survivalist-types have used for illegal applications. We didn't have this conversation, k.
@@timapple6586 I'm good with what I've been working on. Nothing illegal, unless I was to go on someone else's property without their knowledge. And we've got black walnut trees mixed in the woods with other trees close together. There are grasses and flowers that can do fine near a black walnut tree, even within 5ft.
I will back up what was said tho in the video about certain produce won't do well or even grow near a black walnut tree. I lost several seed packs attempting to see what would grow in my garden spaces. Cherry tomatoes I can't say for certain because of the extreme dry heat we had during summer. Poor little tomatoes were getting burned this year.
Besides certain plants that don't do well from black walnuts, I'm curious why 2 times I found newts in the walnut pile around a tree. We don't have a pond or lake near, a creek is well down the road tho. The creek is usually dried up.
It just seemed like an odd thing to happen, twice we know of.
What does the plant look like? It it viney or shrubby?
You can make a powerful clothes dye from black walnut husks. Again, be careful of staining. They’ll dye your skin just as readily.
Black Walnuts are native to North America. Carpathian Walnuts were what was referred to by Pliny the Elder. Carpathian Walnuts are allopathic but not to the degree that Black Walnuts are.
Brazilian peppertrees which are a very invasive in Florida, are allelopathic.
Musk Thistles die after flowering? You've never seen them in a pasture, have you? If so, they regenerate like a Phoenix every year.
Sure as he'll, they don't die here in the States where they are invasive! I've seen them taller than I am, and thick as a man's wrist. That is each stalk of them. The rosette will often send out many stalks.
That Only happens after years.
I have observed an interaction of Eucalyptus, probably grandis, and the surrounding soybean field similar to black walnut and tomatoes
I grew up with a Black Walnut tree in my back yard I had to wear leather gloves picking up those freshly dropped nuts. The outer hauls would stain my hands and made me sick to my stomach otherwise the scent of them was line a pine cleanser ramped up to oil base perfume or thick contrate if you will.
Morning Glories just reached out and physically strangled my Stargazer Lily. I'm going to have to get some of these poisoner plants. They seem so much more sophisticated.
Pliny the Elder could not have talked about the black walnut, Juglans nigra, because that tree is native to North America, not Europe or Africa. There are different walnut trees native to Europe that he must have been referring to. 1:00
Always interesting, thank you.
Yeah...black walnut trees are native to North America. Unless Pliny was one heck of a fantastic sailor, he never encountered them.
See the comment from Jan Boreczek above: Pliny was probably talking about the Persian Walnut.
I'm very thankful and I appreciate that the name of this compound is Juglone.
The Sorgone😂
SORGOLEON?! are they inventing words?
Oh wait.. they are
Catechin is boring. Let's edit them so they stop synthesizing this compound
This words are so funny ahahah. Cucuber is funny too but native English speaker may not agree(?)(cause like it the normal)
Thistles are utter a-holes when they're in the "rosette" stage, running about on grass barefoot as a kid, you found them soon enough, and because they grow so flat, the mower just skims right over them too... :S
My Playstation 2 always did this weird thing where it inhibits the transportation of electrons that are necessary for photosynthesis 🤔
Well, I'll be growing pecan trees instead of walnuts then, or keep the walnuts confined to the melon patch. 😉
I definitely want to learn more about this.
The dad joke never fails to crack me up.
Hi Hank!
You left out that the Black Walnut hulls stink to high hell and drive humans away as well. 😉 I have 3 massive ones on the edge of my property (that are my neighbors) and I wish they would just die. They stink, nothing grows under them, and they drop baseball sized bombs everywhere. In the fall I have to avoid that whole side of my yard or risk head trauma.
Lol. We all really, really love the neighbor with the black walnut trees, don't we? I used to fantasize about renting a fire-fighting helicopter to drop a load of Round-up on the one that poisoned out my garden back in the 1990s. Instead, I put everything sensitive into Earthboxes, so now what I complain about is that there's too much shade from the tree, the sound of squirrels chewing the hulls off becomes trying at this time of year, and cleaning up the yard dyes everything black.
If somehow a band of bark got stripped from all around the tree, the tree will die. A 10 centimeter wide strip should be enough. I won't have to tell you to wear a helmet because I know you wouldn't do this to your neighbour.
@@anne-droid7739 I fantasized about dumping gallon jugs of season long to poison them from the roots. I don't know if it would work but I would never actually do that.
@@areolata Lol. Of course not. No one would. But oh, how we wished that tree would get struck by lightning, didn't we? We struggled for years, until we came to understand that the tree was doing more good for the world than our poor poisoned tomato plants were!
Pesticides are just artificially provided allelochemicals. Some of them are literally just ones that we took from one plant and used on another. It's not some untapped option. There's also zero compelling evidence of glyphosate being harmful to humans.
Used to live on a farm and we had a black walnut tree that stood solitary in the middle of an old pig stye
My uncle once told me about how he shredded some black walnut saplings and used them to mulch his garden. I laughed and asked him how long it took his garden to die.
He only made that mistake once.
Very interesting 🤔 Thank you 😊🌷👍
Cool thanks
The Black Walnut killing your tomatoes with Juglone is probably kind of nonsense. Juglone absolutely does kill plants in large amounts, but Black Walnut trees only have one way that puts Juglone into the ground directly. Instead, they put Hydrojuglone into the ground, which is the reduced form of Juglone through leaf litter and hulls. Experimentally, there has been no difference in the amount of Juglone in the ground around black walnut trees depending on the time of year, indicating that the decomposition of the leaf litter and hulls does not deposit a significant amount of Juglone into the ground. The roots of a Black Walnut do however put a consistent amount of juglone into the ground year round, but there isn't any experimental evidence of this ever reaching phytotoxic levels. It is actually quite likely that Black walnuts kill with a cocktail of allelopathic compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, etc.) and do not rely on Juglone alone to do it.
I would recommend listening to the field guides podcast episode on them for a more holistic look at black walnuts. Episode in question: www.thefieldguidespodcast.com/new-blog/2022/5/20/ep-56-lets-get-nuts
Just because nature made it doesn't mean it's safer! It's natural it can't hurt me, but the more options we have the better off we will be.
Very true! Black Walnut juice can be a skin irritant as it grows; a concentrate of the active chemicals ... is not something I want to touch
PS2 interfering with photosynthesis is pretty accurate.
ALL HAIL KING CLONE!!!!! May it live forever!!!!
Hank, you have an error in your script, at 1:32, you should have stated, "One of the ways that juglone is thought to work is by getting into the mitochondria, which are the powerhouse of the cell, in the roots of certain plants"
This just proves that walnut hisk fly is one badass maggot.
Oh, I should probably apologize to my neighbour then, I suspected him of killing my flowers when I saw him spray herbicides in my garden.
Turns out it was a Walnut tree! There aren't any in the neighbourhood so it means there's definitely a hidden tree killing my plants somewhere beneath my house!
They'll kill apples within 10m and stunt them within 15, so they certainly have a reach.
Thanks for creating this interesting video.
dont know quite why, but black walnut tree's are also lethal to horses
I feel like if you plant your tomatoes next to a known-to-poison-the-earth tree, it is kinda reflective on your gardening skills.
To be fair, gardening is a learning process 😎
@@itsohaya4096 totally! We all start somewhere! I'm from Greenland - horticulture isn't very big in the high Arctic and there are two kinds of shrubs that go for being trees 🤭
@@jakobraahauge7299 I bet indoor growing is more common?
Walnut and other trees have root systems that can reach three times the distance from the edge of their canopies. New gardeners can be forgiven their mistakes when dealing with unseen circumstances.
I was thinking that too ...
into....the mitochondria!!? .....POWER>>>HOUSE of the CELLLLLLLL
I knew the word Allelopathy from the game Path of Exile. I knew it had something to do with Poison, but now I know more.
It took me a while to notice.
CEREAL killer
OMG
The title of this video seriously gave me a good laugh