Otodus megalodon
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- Опубліковано 16 тра 2024
- Hi, welcome to Enchiridion. I am honored to share with you these facts on Megalodon!
Link to the great Julian Johnson-Mortimer who made the animation: / johnsonmortimer
Make sure to check out the rest of his work, he has some great stuff!
Megalodon was a species of shark that lived roughly 23 to 3.6 million years ago, during the Early Miocene to the Zanclean of the Pliocene.
While regarded as one of the largest and most powerful predators to have ever lived, Megalodon is only known from fragmentary remains, and its appearance and maximum size are uncertain.
Scientists differ on whether it would have more closely resembled a stockier version of the Great White Shark, the Whale Shark, also known as Rhincodon typus, the Basking Shark, or Cetorhinus maximus, or the Sand Tiger Shark, Carcharias taurus.
Most estimates of Megalodon’s size extrapolate from teeth, with maximum length estimates up to 47 to 67 feet, or 14.2 to 20.3 meters and average length estimates of 34 feet, or 10.5 meters.
Estimates suggest their large jaws could exert a bite force of up to 108,500 to 182,200 newtons, or 24,400 to 41,000 pounds of force. Their teeth were thick and robust, built for grabbing prey and breaking bone.
Megalodon probably had a major impact on the structure of marine communities.
The fossil record indicates that it had a cosmopolitan distribution, meaning it dwelled worldwide.
Megalodon belongs to the Kingdom Animalia, the Phylum Chordata, the Class Chondrichthyes, the Superorder Selachimorpha, the Order Lamniformes, the Family Otodontidae, the Genus Otodus, and the Type Species Otodus megalodon.
It probably targeted large prey, like seals, whales, and sea turtles.
Juveniles inhabited warm coastal waters and fed on fish and small whales.
Unlike the Great White, which attacks prey from the soft underside, Megalodon probably used its strong jaws to break through the chest cavity and puncture the heart and lungs of its prey.
The animal faced competition from whale-eating cetaceans, such as Livyatan and other macroraptorial sperm whales and possibly smaller ancestral killer whales.
As the shark preferred warmer waters, it is thought that oceanic cooling associated with the onset of the ice ages, coupled with the lowering of sea levels and resulting loss of suitable nursery areas, may have also contributed to its decline.
A reduction in the diversity of baleen whales and a shift in their distribution toward polar regions may have reduced Megalodon's primary food source.
The shark's extinction coincides with a trend of gigantism in baleen whales.
Audio Design:
"Jurassic Forest", "Canyon of Terror", “End Credits”, “Tyrannosaurus”, “Survival of the Cynodonts”, “The Ankylosaurus”, “Spirits of the Ice Forest” - Walking With Dinosaurs Soundtrack by Benjamin Bartlett
“George Street Shuffle”, “Impact Lento”, “Isolated”, “Lost Frontier”, “Lost Time”, “Majestic Hills”, “Past The Edge”, “Ascending The Vale”, “Love Song”, “Anguish”, “Phantasm”, “Ultralounge” - Kevin Macleod
Clarifications & Notes:
(1) Now that we know about Megalodon’s size and weight, how powerful was its bite?
(2) Its extinction along with those of several other marine megafaunal species…
(3) Most estimates of Megalodon’s size extrapolate from teeth, with maximum length estimates up to 47 to 67 feet, or 14.2 to 20.3 meters.
#Enchiridion #PrehistoricBeasts #Megalodon #Paleontology
#Shark #Sharks #OtodusMegalodon #Otodus #GreatWhiteShark #Carcharodon #Carcharocles #Oceans #Ocean #Prehistoric
Table of Contents:
0:00 - Introductory Story
2:28 - Introduction
5:45 - Naming
8:16 - Biology; Appearance
10:19 - Biology; Internal Anatomy
13:21 - Biology; Size
20:59 - Biology; Weight
22:56 - Biology; Teeth and Bite Force
28:47 - Paleobiology; Growth and Reproduction
31:41 - Paleobiology; Range and Habitat
34:43 - Taxonomy; Scientific Classification & Evolution
42:49 - Paleobiology; Feeding Strategies
46:15 - Paleobiology; Prey Relationships
48:37 - Paleobiology; Competition
51:53 - Extinction; Climate Change
54:50 - Extinction; Changing Ecosystem
59:12 - Popular Culture
1:03:24 - Conclusion
______
Transcript:
www.deviantart.com/madwizard3...
Sources:
Collareta, A., Lambert, O., Landini, W., Celma, C., Malinverno, E., Varas-Malca, R., . . . Bianucci, G. (2017, January 04). Did the Giant extinct shark CARCHAROCLES megalodon target small Prey? Bite marks on marine mammal remains from the late Miocene of Peru. Retrieved April 28, 2021, from www.sciencedirect.com/science...
Cooper, J., Pimiento, C., Ferrón, H., & Benton, M. (2020, September 03). Body dimensions of the extinct giant shark Otodus megalodon : A 2D RECONSTRUCTION. Retrieved April 28, 2021, from www.nature.com/articles/s4159...
Note: I made this video when I had COVID and I tried my best to make the audio sound well, it is ok if you prefer normal audio. I hope you understand. Best, Enchiridion. :-)
Very sweet of you to make a new video despite being sick! I hope you’ve fully recovered by now and that you didn’t have it too bad. Also, I LOVE hearing and learning about megalodon - excellent job :D
thank you for working so hard on this while being sick... you're a gem... the audio sounds great...
Hmmmm.... you get a pass this time. This time...
@@Kroggnagch motion seconded lol 😉
How come you got rid of your Cryptozoology videos?
This was very interesting and even thou I knew what u were saying, calling it a tuth was driving me crazy 🤣
Outstanding documentary!!!!!!!!
Entertaining and informative. Great video!
Thanks. How could it be improved?
@@EAIOIAE Pretty much perfect as it is :)
Amazing video, like always.
Keep up the good work, your videos are awesome !
Yes, they are pretty cool are’t they? Too bad everything presented here is just guess work. I’ve never heard the word ‘probably’ used so many times while implying something is factually true!
@@saturn722 The zoologists have admitted that artists renditions of the animal are an educated guess with educated being the key word here. I suppose that you have a better idea of how a shark would look with a tooth that size?
That you were sick and made such a magnificent piece speaks volumes of your determination and expertise. I loved it, and respect your unrivaled professionalism. Your research skills are amazing, and your attention to detail is untiring. You sir, are amazing. I hope you're well, and I look forward to hearing more from you. Thank you so much, this was awesome.
What the f? 😂
@@ivankadump2539
He’s ass kissing lol
Thank you for watching.
Great video and great animations!
Dude. Thanks so much for these videos.
I don't how I havnt seen your video past year, amazing thank you
Thank you so much for watching! :-)
I doubt they swam in packs, this scenario probably never took place, but looks cool.
I think it's just a few of them inspecting one prey. I dnt think he means they're hunting in a pack on purpose.
I agree. Julian Johnson-mortimer is responsible for the animation: www.youtube.com/@johnsonmortimer
If anyone is wondering on what the bite force means, it means that you’re fishing ferry would officially become its chew toy.
Please Make A Video About Brygmophyseter Shigensis And Awesome Video 👍
i would love to go back in time and be in the oceangate capsule exploring these oceans
I agree. We're just getting started.
Well...that's about everything 🤷🏽♂️ lol...
Extremely well put together video
Either way the girth of this beast was probably terrifyingly crazy
I would recommend a paleoart of a chunky Megalodon. The depiction of Megalodon as a Great White Shark-like creature may be biased and it might have actually been long and slender, though colossal, as a recent research paper posits.
Well done!
They were so cute, would have been an awesome pet.
Where would you keep such a pet?
Nice job on the animation and the info.
the animation isnt his its an animation made from a paleo animator or sumthin
Credit to Julian Johnson-mortimer (www.youtube.com/@johnsonmortimer) for the animation. You can watch the full version here: ua-cam.com/video/iFEb36lMYjo/v-deo.htmlsi=SC1sCpskveW3aAdY
great video
In that period getting into the Ocean where a big nono! There were a lot of big sharks, squid, fish and whales. Way bigger than those of today!😅😳😵
I know that the computer graphic depiction of Megalodon isn't going to be 100% accurate, but it really does seem to be quite an unpleasant and terrifying looking shark!
Thank you for watching.
For those of you wondering, the max sizes of Megalodon are estimates, basically guesses made from calculations of the size from teeth alone.
Of course, there's NO EVIDENCE that Megalodon can grow to 70 or 80 feet like many believe to this day, 20.3 meters(67 feet) is likely the maximum size but without a skeleton or complete fossilized jaws scientists are only using estimates at best. While many scientists choose the Great White Shark as the best analogue for the Megalodon, they must also accept that the Megalodon jaws and teeth as well as spacing between teeth MAY have been different from Great White Sharks.
Regardless, the Megalodon was the largest shark as well as one of the most ferocious predators of prehistory.
Comment made: 5:45 AM Thursday, July 21 2022
The megalodon is said to be like 3 big busses put together
@@jonking7683 That's from one of the size estimates.
Reply made: 2:48 PM Saturday, July 23 2022
@@kaijuar2003 megalodons are in the great white family
@@kaijuar2003 is it wrong for me to believe that they still exist
@@jonking7683 Great Whites and Megalodon weren't in the same family at all, Megalodon is part of the Otodontidae family while the Great White Shark is in the Lamnidae family.
Both Otodontidae and Lamnidae were in the order Lamniformes which also consists of Megamouth Shark, Basking Shark and Goblin Shark.
While Megalodon is extinct it is possible for some other yet unknown species of Otodus to be alive, maybe something of 30 feet but not something 40, 50 or 60 feet.
Reply made: 6:18 PM Saturday, July 23 2022
😃Gr8 video
Awesome video! By the way, are you Welsh? I ask because of the way you pronounce the word “tooth”. I have Welsh relatives who also pronounce it that way, and I thought that was unique. Anyway, thanks for making this!
He's definitely not Welsh. You've never been to Wales obviously lol.
@@outdoorangerify he never said he was there, just had relatives 🤔
Good details 😍🤗
Thanks.
I agree with you
Same.
So what was the Orca’s ancestor that dominated the Megaladon.
Orcas killed megalodon by getting to the prey faster.
Livyatan melvelli
It's interesting how stories of gigantic whales have pervaded our culture and appear in books such as Moby Dick which are then adapted to video games like Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag.
When virtually all experts in this field absolutely agree that adult Megalodons had no enemies and are the greatest predators that ever lived
Yo mama greatest 😮
Otodus megalodon was so OP he got nerfed by climate change.
Hey, I would have liked to see some references to our recently published paper on sharks scavenging sperm whale noses (: hope you can include it in the future, but this is truly a nice work.
Megalodon sharks usually grow between 50 to 80 feet long according to recent research
Indeed. What we previously deemed to be a maximum size has now been superceded.
i woulda lov 2 seem a MEG OMG WOW IT WLDA BEEN SPECIAL
I agree.
Tough it's tooth lol
That’s a big tof
Interesting but the ads are annoying. Thank you.
Which ads would you prefer?
Didn’t you have a suchominua video?
Indeed.
Megalodon is still alive
Why do you believe so?
Hope you are well.
I'm doing good. Thank you for asking.
@@EAIOIAEWill you publish more videos?
Oh hell no
?
Is the pronunciation of English words based on personal preference in the US or what?
I think he is pronouncing phôńëtīčâllÿ. Lol. And not recognizing what he’s reading. I’m from Alabama and it hurts my ear. Sorry, nice animation tho.
@@hilldwler420 mine too and I'm from NZ lol. Yeah otherwise its top notch
I kinda like this over US accents
You said "Teeth" perfectly, why not "Tooth"? Why "Tuth"? And please look up how to say "Cannibalism". Not trying to be mean, just being honest. Greta video otherwise, but saying "Tuth" made this almost impossible to watch, it hurts the ears.
"Tooth" is like saying the number "Two" with a "TH" at the end of it. 👍
Huh. Interesting that so many people find it hurting (the pronunciation), I guess a bilingual environment numbs you from the finer details
Which resource would you recommend for this?
;-)
Hey man what happened to you
He married a man
:-)
😂
Why is the commentary so so slow?
How could we improve it?
I like it man, calming and clear. If someone wants you to speak faster, they can speed it up.
はんぺんにしたら何枚分？
?
Megalodon Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Elasmobranchii
Subclass: Euselachii
Superorder: Selachimorpha
Grandorder: Galeomorphii
Mirorder: Lamnimorphae
Order: Anacoraciformes
Suborder: Anacoracoidei
Superfamily: Anacoracoidea
Family: Otodontidae
Subfamily: Otodontinae
Genus: Carcharocles
Species: C. megalodon
Species should be O. megalodon as it is now called Otodus megalodon
@@misterdragon9253 Carcharocles Megalodon
@@user-er3nf4nx8z its Otodus
@@misterdragon9253 Carcharocles god
Otodus podrod
@@user-er3nf4nx8z Otodus is the genus, not the subgenus, it got completely moved
Sorry this is not a whitetail but can’t figure how to delete it.
?
Please tell me you're still around. HQ content.
I am.
I am a robot
Thank you for watching.
❤😂🎉😢😅 0:20
;-)
You're basically telling Meg's info on wikipedia, but I appreciate your effort in giving visual images
Leviathan would of beaten meg
Which species?
that ain't real because the fact is they're all dead I thought
Indeed. They are extinct. This video is a reconstruction based on scientific evidence.
It's like watching an old movie.. Try and be more excited with the voice if you can thanks
Ridiculous opening 😂😂😂😂
How could we improve it?
I call bullshit on the opening scene.
Why?
@Enchiridion sharks that size do not pack hunt for one. And large Sperm Whales like that monster more than likely grouped up. In my state of SC. We have a lot of Megalodon fossils. What you don't find is the teeth of sharks of all ages in one spot. You always find the teeth from one adult.
@@GRIGGINS1 That is a great observation! Thank you for pointing it out! I commend you for thinking critically! :-)
Also this supposed pack hunting scene you stated was happening 90 million years ago, when at around 2:50 you then show when the Megalodon actually lived. 23-2,3 million years ago. Don't think that 50ft whales were even around 90 million years ago either. Edited part, if this is this inaccurate 3 minutes into the video, I'm not wasting anymore of my time with this nonsense
@@shanomac69 I stated 9 million years ago, during the Late Miocene, not 90, sorry about the confusion. I'll improve my diction so it's easier to hear next time. Thank you for the feedback! :-)
Is it possible that the meg evolved into a filter feeder? We have Whale sharks that are probably about the right size for this.
Could make a speculative evolution project.
Use the metric system, was so annoying having to have imperial measurements for every statistic is just silly and ruined the video.
How can I have both systems in one video?
Why does it look like a giant Great white shark? They weren’t even closely related.
Wouldn’t it look closer to basking shark but aggressive and with teeth.
Why would it look like a basking shark? You literally asked why it looks like a white shark since they were not related but then think it should look like a basking shark when they are unrelated? Okay lol.
I agree. The depiction might require a later video with an updated 3D model.
@@katkit4281 megs are in the family of sharks of Makos, tiger and basking. It would have a closer resemblance to them than any other shark.
@@brandonlrushman2870 All three of those are in different families. Makos are in the family Lamnidae same as white sharks. Basking sharks are in the family Cetorhinidae. Finally tigers are in the family Galeocerdo.
@@brandonlrushman2870 I would say you confused order for family since the megalodon, mako, and basking sharks are in the order Lamniformes but tiger sharks are in the order Carcharhiniformes so I think you are confused all over lol.
p͓̽r͓̽o͓̽m͓̽o͓̽s͓̽m͓̽
P R O M O S M
Not true
Why?
But megalodon a bivale
that voice so annoing
Slowly getting better.
Hhhhhhhhhhyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
Helloooooooo
This guy's a fool!!!
Saying Megalodon couldn't have fed on Tyrannosaurus,
Who cares if dinosaurs dies out 64 million years ago !!!
The Meg and other sharks were around since 400 million years ago !!! And it ONLY died out 2.5 million years ago , and even if it did a little more than that , Tyrannosaurus frequently swam to get from one place to another if need be !!
Sharks were around 400 million years ago but Otodus megalodon specifically wasn't, it was only around a few million years ago.
You would appreciate Meg 2: The Trench
so boring...
Thank you for your comment.
The animation is bullshit
What would make it great?