Archaeology 101: Stratigraphy and Spatial Control
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- Опубліковано 12 вер 2024
- One of the most obvious differences between scientific archaeology and making a mess is attention to context in excavation methodologies. This video explains the importance of professional levels of precision.
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Further Reading
Mark R. Harrington 1960, Ozark Bluff-Dwellers: Indian Notes and Monographs vol. XII
Simek, Jan, Sarah A. Blankenship, Alan Cressler, Joseph C. Douglas, Amy Wallace,
Daniel Weinand, and Heather Welborn 2012, The Prehistoric Cave Art and Archaeology of Dunbar Cave, Montgomery County, Tennessee
Getting the stratigraphy right is paramount. So many people need to watch this video. The stratigraphy is the overall book. The individual layers are the book's pages. The artifacts and biological remains are the letters on the pages of that book. Only then one is able to read the book after all is carefully documented. Thanks for another short and very concise video!
Very well presented! thank you!
Thank you Ancient America's. For you great videos about America's Hidden History. I've been trying to find truths about Vv-iking-g discoveries of America. The cover up and caancel'Culturer$ of archeology of such places like Bbbaaffin-Isllaands. The artifacts that are hidden form those places. Like Lax'Anes-'medoews that was done in the 60 until Now.. thanks for telling us about Nathan's Channel.
Is the intro new? I like it! You're such a chill dude and I really love your content. Keep em coming! 👌 💯
Fairly new. the last couple have had it.
I've been anticipating your next video, awesome!
Thank you for saying that about cultural artifacts and ethics
I'm happy Native Americans are starting to get the consideration they deserve. Things still need to get better of course but I'm happy more people aren't just dismissive, prejudiced, and even antagonistic. Also thanks for this informative video. I learned a lot. These archeology videos are very informative. In each video I learn something I didn't know.
I'm glad you're enjoying them!
@@NathanaelFosaaen I really am too. I just finished the playlist and have a greater understanding of the basics of archeology now.
Thank you, interesting and informative :)
This was such a great video regarding the ethics of archaeology with respect to the tribes who have been living on the lands for thousands of years. Thank you for speaking about this. It's not always the same people who originally occupied the land because of tribal removals and pre-contact migration of tribes but it's close enough.
A lot more closely related than a bunch of folks two shades lighter than a glass of milk like myself. Glad you appreciated it.
@@NathanaelFosaaen I just meant that for example my tribal nation the Lakota claim the Black Hills. One of my ancestors signed the Ft Laramie Treaty that said it would belong to the Lakota in perpetuity...until they found gold. However, the Cheyenne lived in the Black Hills before the Lakota migrated west and before that the Kiowa lived there. My grandkids are Kiowa via their mother so imo they have a double claim regardless of what the tribe claims. Lol The Sioux (Lakota) Nation is still holding out for the return of the Black Hills and the government funds that were offered as compensation for illegally breaking the treaty is now over a billion dollars. We'll see who gives in first 😄
Thank you as always . It's a shame so many places have been desecrated . Do you think surface finds should be left behind ? Artifacts found in farm fields and on river banks .
That's more of a grey area. I'd just say that if you're going to collect surface finds, take pictures, get GPS points on your phone, and bag it with some kind of ID number so the artifact can be associated with its location later. or better yet, the GPS coordinates themselves, because that's essentially what we do with surface finds at work.
@@NathanaelFosaaen Thanks . I am too old to hunt these fabulous artifacts . I will pass on this information . My deepest admiration for what you do . You have increased my knowledge ten fold .
Thank you for your work. It is a shame besides the past cover ups. That many archeological Giant Stone Monuments locations especially back east, are being given up to untrustworthy univ and museums .. Then the new finds with metal detectors, people not realizing the importance of documentation. Thank you for your respect to Tribe's
@@mikehurricane5767 I'm to old also, yet I have much knowledge I hope to share with the younger generation. Hoping there is a place we can all get together to further the insights to uncover truths and facts?
Can I ask a silly question? Why are things older the further down you dig? Why does soil accumulate on top, and where does it come from? Thank you. Great video series.
Not really a silly question at all. Soil formation is very complex, but at its most basic you have aeolean deposits, which is where wind blows material (typically sand) in to an area and lands on the surface. There's also alluvial deposits where water washes soil into the area (think river floods) which is a rapid surface deposit. And then you have in situ soil development where fungi break down organic matter like fallen trees and dead animals into soil, which also occurs near the surface.
@@NathanaelFosaaen Does soil deposition happen all over the world in a relatively uniform way? If so, does this mean the earth's continental surfaces as a whole are gradually getting thicker/deeper?
@@squatch545 no it's not uniform. Erosion is more active in some areas, like mountains. It's why the Appalachians are no longer as tall as the Himalayas.
Thank you so much for your very informative class! I especially appreciate your informing native americans in the areas you have worked, about what you are finding and when in the past it was placed there to your knowledge. I very much enjoyed this video class.
Looking back, I'm glad we didn't use shovels looking for arrowheads. Plowed fields brought up plenty.
I enjoyed this video for the insight into the evolution of archaeology. Techniques and tools have come a long way in such a short period of time. From the trowel and the sieve, to the suite of geophysics, how much geochemical analysis is done beyond particle size and colour? There must be lots of residues that aren't detected with current techniques. How will current methodology be considered in 100 years hence? Thank you for making this content, that's some very tasty food for thought.
You make great informative videos brother. Id love to send you pics of some of my weird pieces , various tools found in overhang / cliff sites on my property in eastern ky. Everything i find is identified as archaic periods, mostly fine chert, but all really well preserved stuff from shelters that have been spared mother natures wrath of time. Thanks
Thank you for your time and knowledge. Hopefully lots of people watch this and do the right thing if they happen to stubble on to a artifact or site.
northwestern montana has very very little that i can find on the kootenai tribes for detailed information, for example; they dont have any information on when the ice sheet left this area, they dont have the information on when people first moved into the area, the entire town knows bits and pieces from heresay but no concrete archeology to back things up (no pun intended)
A little off the subject but I wondered what you might think:
You know the Mississippian shell gorgets with an inscribed image of a masked dancer holding a severed head?
The images are consistent enough that they must illustrate the same story.
The items are usually called gorgets but there are two holes on the right side of the image. In your video on natural vs man made stones you have a picture of a rock with two similar holes. It is a fastener.
The dancer images aren't gorgets, they are belt buckles. We still use them. Rodeo cowboy trophy belt buckles aren't designed much differently today.
The design of the dancer is undeniably horrid. And furthermore, no dancer could hold a head out like that for long, it is too heavy.
The image is used in the same way Catholics use a gold crucifix; it is a graphic image of a horrible death meant to be worn and seen.
It carries the same message as a gold crucifix. I AM A BELIEVER.
A believer in what? Did the unnamed apostle St. Doofus sail to America, Christianize the population, and with no further input from Rome after 1,000 years did the original crucifix morph into a masked exectutioner/dancer?
Or is there some kind of convergent evolution of religious thought needed to run a civilization effectively?
The images are on beautifully worked shell. They are some of that society's finest craft. Worn by the most wealthy.
The story of the dancer amd the head would support that class structure and social order.
It isn't the head of Jesse James in the hands of Eliot Ness.
More likely either corn or people sprang up from the drops of blood dripping from the head, who is the hero, not the dancer.
The guy holding the severed head is named Morning Star and also Red Horn. He's the central figure of a mythos that is found over a large swath of North America, from Mexico to the Great Lakes.
Well, I formulated some questions while watching your video just to have them answered as it went along, LOL. Thanks for the education!!
Thanks Nathan.
Nathan is my brother-in-law. You may call me Nate.
Nathanael, what is shown in the photo on the title page of this video? It looks like a boot.
It's a woven shoe from some cave site. Either from Mark Harrington's 1960 field report or Patty Jo Watson's work at Salts Cave.
hey, please , collecting rocks seems human. yes, our generations love to hunt, sort, wonder. surface finds are a dream come true. who's past ? neander in the lake erie area, start digging. yeah the group that entered from the north sea to the inland passage, copper area, big game herds for the fresh water.
Dumb question, what's the procedure when your excavation pit contains large tree roots? Do you move spots or saw 'em off? Keep up the great work.
We saw them off typically.
in places like north western montana where the kootenai lived can we use things like the mt st helens ash layer as a statigraphy point?
Yeah in the west where things are more volcanically active those deposits can be useful.
@@NathanaelFosaaen i was just curious if you had any good sources for studying up on the glacial ice sheet that covered montana? my current thought is that if i find a sight that has a layer of mt st helens ash on it then its for sure dated to 1980 then if i find evidence of the glacial ice sheet having left, then noting if it is pre western settlement or not i figure would give a good estimate on when the kootenai couldve first possibly been using the area
@@seekingsomethingshamanic Look for info on glacial Lake Missoula. That might help you get a better idea of what parts of Montana were ice covered, which parts were uncovered, and which parts were actually under water some 15 000-13 000 years ago.
@@parlundgren7099 so far im aware of all that, its more so the exact area im in, we dont have any concrete evidence or even any study of the cultures here. but i will give it another look to see if i can find anything. this area was the sea for a while but as far as when humans migrated over here, we dont know about my area specifically
Greatly appreciate that you share your knowledge with us.
thank you ' i can see now why graham hancock says that for over so many thousands of years the former natives lived boreing lives cuz they just make tools and arrow heads from rocks,, im always thinking that if he was a flint knapper and hunter he would would see that that some of the shit he rights and talks about is just that ''bullshit'' he should have tried walking a mile in the natives shoes 'so ta speak' before coming to some of his conclusions'''' now i see why you get pissed off in a whole new way' lol thanx for the video
You can rob for someone who's been dead for hundreds or thousand of years. And people moved around or where replaced by new migrations. So saying something excavated belongs to your people. Doesn't even make sense
I'm having a really hard time understanding what you're trying to say, but as for migrations, there's no indication that full population replacement really happened much of anywhere except possibly in some regions of the southeast between the Early and Middle Archaic, and that was after an abandonment episode. Otherwise, people moving into an area appear to have merged with the local population. As to the question of theft, just because you don't think the dead can be stolen from doesn't mean that person's descendants see it that way, but we can shelve that question for now. The main issue is that you CAN rob the descendant community who are living today, and that descendent community has far more right to say how those sites are treated than any of us do, and across the continent they've been very clear that they don't want them disturbed without their involvement.