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The Christians took Alexander's body, mocked it for being a polytheist on earth and destroyed it. Then they mocked all those who admired or worshipped the body
Most likely the Royal Diaries is most likely how Alexander truly fell. The Pamphlet is missing a lot of info on the rest of Alexander's final days while the Royal Diaries it has his entire final days alive in full detail.
@@kipl8444 Well since their soon going to end the series on Alexander don't be surprised if they remake the series of the wars of the diadochi wars....this time in more longer and full detail. 🤩
Brilliant topic about Alexander’s last year and last days. We read about all of his conquests and travels, yet it’s summed up with “then he went to Babylon, drank a ton, and died.”
I always thought it was: Army refuses to go on. Alex gets depressed. Doesn't talk to anyone on the trip back, dies before they get home. Cause of death vague
Maybe he knew that this answer would lead to the downfall of his unified empire. Maybe he didn’t want anyone else to become as strong as him or even stronger
@@Kili2807 Yes. It was his last middle finger to his Macedonian generals and veterans that didn't agree with his ongoing conquest plans and opposed the cultural syncretism between Greek and Persian culture.
@@JoaoVitor-is4zb that’s your opinion. If someone thinks this is the best. Then leave them. What you like is not going to be what everyone else likes and vice versa
Hey all, I was the historian and scriptwriter for this episode, hope you all enjoyed! If you've got any questions or feedback please do leave them below, and I'll get around to them when I can!
I greatly enjoyed this video! Thanks for the awesome writing. What role did Seleucus play during Alexander's lifetime? He does not seem to have been a member of Alexander's inner circle at the time of his death.
@@Kili2807 What are the natural causes of death as mentioned by Arrian? Does those exclude poisoning? I mean considering his power and dissatisfaction amongst some of his men, and the fast deterioration of his health, poison seems very probable
You have my dream job .....is there anything in the sources that could imply Alexander would march to conquer the west? on that theme also , did he had any corespondence, diplomacy etc with Rome?
Just one note, Serapis, the god mentioned here to be invoked to help heal the feverish Alexander, is accurate name of the god mentioned in the sources, but that causes confusion since the Greco-Egyptian god Serapis would not be popularized by the Ptolemaic dynasty quite a bit later, so the theory is that this case of Babylonian "Serapis" is either a mistranslation of a local deity, probably a local version of the title of Enki/Ea, or perhaps a later addition by Ptolemaic chroniclers looking for a way to retroactively add an additional connection between their dynasty, dynastic deity and legendary Alexander.
Such a great man, commander and warrior he was that his soldiers felt they needed to see him and be at his side, mourning his death just like a friend.
Can you tell me the difference between Hitler and Alexander? They were both ambitious monsters and cold blooded killers. Yet one is treated as a "man that has changed history for better" and the other one for worse.
@@fekyalcz I don't recall Alexander ever engaging in genocide or claiming that the Greeks were the master race? He embraced other cultures, didn't try to exterminate them.
@@ArmySigs Well Alexander and Hitler combined were a joke for someone like Leopold II of Belgium, yet history has never taught us that the biggest genocidal monsters are forgotten, only because they are royalty. That was pure, documented ethnic cleansing, butchering of black people in Congo. That one makes me sad really. The most evil and wicked people are those that have been forogotten in the pages of history. However, we are still being taught that the worst evil ever was Hitler? what a sick joke man. That's only because the jews were and still are untouchable. Not defending anyone, but there were far worse people than him. Stalin for example, but he'd won the war. But no one compares to Leo of Belgium, that twisted psycho. Belgium should be annihiliated for their actions.
@@ArmySigs “The ferocity of the slaughter was staggering,” Freeman writes. “The Macedonians had spent seven long months laboring to take the stubborn town. They had seen many of their friends crushed by stones hurled from the walls or burned to death by fire bombs. They were angry, exhausted, and passionately hated the people of Tyre for putting them through hell. Alexander didn’t even try to hold them back as they killed every man, woman, and child they could lay their hands on.” that is just one example of many of "embracing" other cultures. Who are you kidding? Cold-blooded, overly ambitious and ruthless psychopath. As every single one that has tried to dominate the world.
Well he certainly achieved the goal of being remembered in glory. Few well-known historical figures are known as "the Great". He's not merely referred as "Alexander III of Macedon", he's referred to as "Alexander the Great" and many other historical figures look to him as an inspiration. While many crticisms against him are valid, no one can really downplay how much he achieved in such a short time frame
You can argue for others achieving similar feats: Id put Hannibal on par, or even better in tactics due to his fighting Rome for years in their own homeland. And I'd argue that Ceaser conquered more land overall (all of Gaul, then half the Roman Land during the civil wars) But you can't really compete with how much he did in a short life. Hannibal and Ceaser did most of their notable achievements later in their life than Alexander died with decades of experience and further education under them first Alexander came right out the gate swinging, and never lost, never even took a backwards step. Ceaser and Hannibal would encounter more powerful armies, and step back, finding better ground to face them on, staging ambushes or fortifying. But Alexander met them and defeated them where they were, taking whatever he encountered, and making it an advabtage
There is also a theory that instead of "to the best (Kratistos)", he was trying to say "to Krateros" (both words begin the same so it would be easy to confuse under Alexander's difficulty being on his last moments), one of his generals, who he seems to be preparing for some time for leadership role, making him essencially co king with his son.
@@SilverisDuhas i never said they shared vision. That doesnt mean you cant prepare someone for something. Again thats one of the speculations, so its nothing proven and nothing important to disagree upon XD
Probably because it is very complicated story. Very hard to do movie. Show would be better but also hard work. There are some people-teams that could pull it off but it requires those people plus the production of high budget.
@@KingsandGenerals you should in want to know what his and his sons rule would be i imagine it to be a sargon esc situation where he would rule but would face some contention in his later years and so would his son
As always, this is history as it should be told, without absolute directives or narration. There are other historical events that are slanted to only one view but this is brilliant. Great video!
I have read many Books on Alexander & the Diadochi Wars, covered the Topic in War & Diplomacy lectures during College, been enthralled by everything Hellenistic since I was young. I am fairly certain Alexander was poisoned. Malaria or some other illness while possible is odd based on the timing & onset of his Illness. He had not been in India for some many Months by the time he fell ill & had made it back to Babylon on the long Journey. The most critical bit of information we have that suggests it was a poisoning is that we know Alexander had to put down a Mutiny recently due to his men growing tired of his never ending conquest. Also Alexander apparently had designs on a Arabian & Italian Campaign to conquer those areas as well. I believe personally that his Soldiers & Generals saw the growing casualties over the years & feared they would be next. They were already wealthy beyond their wildest Dreams, they held positions of power & for them they had crossed the Hellespont to defeat the Persians which they had accomplished. Pushing on further would simply be dying for Alexanders Glory & dream of a multi-cultural world wide Empire the likes of which had never been seen before & the men weren't having it. So even though they loved Alexander, someone schemed to have him poisoned & it was most likely his Generals. Also, Hephaestion's death not long before Alexanders is suspicious to me & may have been an attempt to remove the most Loyal & one of the most capable men among the leading figures in the Army. If Hephaestion had been alive when Alexander was murdered he would have been a severe impediment to any attempt to seize power, to the point where being at the head of the Companions he may even be able to hunt down the ringleaders of such a plot. The timing of it all lends itself to a plot to murder the King.. shortly after a Mutiny (which may have emboldened conspirators knowing the Army was divided & discontent was ripe), right after new plans to conquer Arabia & Italia (two new dangerous Campaigns), and not long after Hephaestion's death Alexanders most loyal & trusted Companion who was a fierce Bodyguard (Also keep in mind Hephaestion died in much the same way, a sudden illness that set on quickly out of no where while the Army was resting & not on Campaign) it all points to a plot of poison. However truth is in the end we will never know for certain what happened but had Alexander not died then in Babylon in his early 30s he could have easily conquered the Romans while they were still a fledgling tribe in Italia. The World could be a very different place from the one we know today.
Its for sure plausible, just as its plausible that Caesar knew about his planned assassination. This is why ancient history is the most fascinating to me - the blending of history and myth, fact and fiction that at the end still maintain cohesion. I mean, Alexander could be poisoned or not. Ceasar could have been aware of the plans, but at the and it dosen't really change the historic outcome of those events. And yet it adds a level of intrigue that is just as fascinating as any fantasy story. Too bad that only a minority of people in this world is able and willing to see this. History is far more than just plain out learning what happened on specific dates like an excel sheet.
Many scholars have argued about the causes of his death and I doubt the right answer will be found here in the UA-cam comment section. Yet we will never know for sure. There are multiple other illnesses apart from Malaria that might have killed him and all of them are less spectacular than a murder plot, but sometimes a great story like that of Alexander might have a very boring conclusion. If he had malaria he could have infected himself also long after leaving India, as malaria can be found in many swampy areas (eg parts of ancient Italy). As there are big wetlands in Mesopotamia and even around Babylon as mentioned in this video. He might have infected himself there, even though I dont know if malaria was a common illness in ancient Mesopotamia.
Great video! Although it hardly matters now, if I had a time machine one of my first goals would be to go back and solve the mystery of how he died and what killed him. I guess that's a great testament to the enduring power of his myth that it has such a hold on us two thousand years later.
Fun Fact: The legacy of Alexander the Great was also kept by Muslim emperors. Many great Islamic warriors like Nader Shah, Alauddin Khalji and Selim the Grim were known as Sikandar-i Sani which simply means Second/New Alexander .
You should do a remake of your Wars of the Diadochi to follow this series up. The original is good but your production values has advanced miles ahead of when it was made. Now would be a great time for you to go back and revisit it.
What an excellent series and story you narrated, made and produced, one of the most famous amd remarkable figures in history. I am excited to watch the remastered Diadochi Wars and wait for it to be completed.
So it ends. A magnificent journey of a man turned king of kings. Aside from that, I learned through various short pamphlets that detailed Alexander's life that the cause of death (or at least among the causes of his death) was supposedly sickness and disease carried over by his war-time experience and contact with the people and enviroment of the Indus Valley. I am not sure if it's actually the case though.
Anyone interested: I very highly recommend Mary Renault's 'Alexander Trilogy' comprising (in chronological order) 'Fire From Heaven', 'The Persian Boy' and 'Funeral Games'. A fictionalised retelling of the life of Alexander with fabulous detail and context throughout. If you can read only one, make it 'The Persian Boy' (it was written first). This covers Alexander's crucial years as King, his campaigning, and his ultimate demise - as recounted by Bogoas, his young body servant (Bogoas is an unreliable and biased narrator, too, which makes the story all the more engrossing). I genuinely found Renault's account of Alexander's death moving; it stayed with me long after the reading of it.
I think the natural cause document may be the closer one to the real death of Alexander. Even though he was only 33, his body and maybe mental processes were worn out. Wounded numerous times, including near fatally in the Mallian campaign he pushed his physical construct to the limit. Freezing in the mountain campaigns, thirsty in the return desert trip and all the bad drinking water along the way had to take a toll on his body. The mental strain of battle plans, (all without a map) assassination plots, logistical plans, seeing the death of many of his peers and childhood friends, had to lead to mental collapse as well. And the Macedonian habit of drinking wine undiluted in all night drinking parties would ruin the rest of his declining strength.
I disagree I think it is either poison or some weird fatal disease. If it was natural he probably would have died in the cold, in the dessert, in the high altitude, in the seas. He died in the palace. In linen sheets where so many people expected him to serve him in gatherings. He either contracted weird disease , but eastern provinces would have weirder ones, or he was poisoned. Hepheastion could have been poisoned as well (8 months prior) to be out of the way since he was the most trusted and could have his back.
I got into your guys' channel a year ago through this series, and the one on the First Crusade (Both of which I love). They sparked a new passion in my heart for military history, and I will always be grateful to you guys for that. It's sad to see the series coming to an end, but I'm looking forward to seeing how it will conclude.
I'm more inclined to believe Alexander died of a fever rather than poisoning. Something so easily treatable today was often life threatening in the ancient world.
Alexander survived far worse injuries in India and conditions in the desert proving his vigor and health. Interesting that he died shortly after Cassander came to court the same Cassander who Alexander had grabbed by the hair and pounded his head against the wall, the same Cassander who killed Roxana, Alexander's son Alexander IV and supposed illegitimate son Heracles, the same Cassander who ordered Alexander's mother killed, the same Cassander who was said could not walk past Alexander's statues without fainting.
It's truly tremarkable feat to achieve all he did at the age of 33. I'm 25 and having finished uni (masters) still unemployed and procrastinate on a daily basis which is killing me! Ughh
Such an epic series, and I'm so happy there will be at least one more episode. I'm curious, do we ever find out who was the man that was in full regalia that was on Alexander's throne? I tried Googling and couldn't find anything about it.
You don't become the "Great" simply by conquering, you must have done something more. In this case Alexander connected western and eastern ideas creating Hellenism which gave birth to innovations in Culture, Technology, Literature and Art.
I'd never actually heard of the "Pamphlet" version of Alexander the Great's death before now, and while it definitely makes for a dramatic story I definitely think the other version is more accurate. Based on the information given there, I would hazard a guess that Alexander most likely died of malaria. It makes perfect sense, really: He'd been spending time in marshes and swamps where mosquitoes breed, one of the major symptoms of malaria is a high fever, and he still hadn't 100% recovered from the arrow wound he suffered near the end of his campaign in India. It's logical and easy to wrap your head around, and since Occam's Razor tells us that the best answer is usually the simplest, it's what I've always gone with.
The arrow would is 2 years prior oh yeah he had recovered and fought multiple battles after that, he even survived Gedrosia dessert and a walk through the sea in between plus campaigns on the high mountains against previosuly unconquered tribes. About malaria, it is hard to contact it in the palace and survive it in the forests swamps and campaigns where it kills you in 24 hours. He was either posioned or contacted something jn the palace circle, and since the others didnt die, there was no malaria in the circle to wipeout others, so it is probably it was specific and intentional. He had survived 3,4 assasination attempts uncovered already and some failed ones maybe were not even incovered so it is not like there were not multiple attempts already. When he was returning to Babylon there could be people planning.
@@DistantLights Olympias is partly to blame too for killing Arrhideus. Cassander was ruthless though lol. He didn't kill Thessalonike though, he married her and she was half sister to Alexander and mother of his 3 children, so some of his blood survived a litte longer, although the Antipatrid dynasty ended with Antigonus Gonatas taking the throne, and all the Argiad children dead lol.
@@tomaspavlik5949 Diadochi series should start this year. The last episode of Alexander is ready. We are just debating if we want it as a standalone or as a part of a long video.
Fun fact: In Spanish "The Great" translates as "El Grande" so "Alexander the Great" translates as "Alejandro el Grande", and while this is a correct translation, the most commonly form you will find his name in Spanish is "Alejandro Magno" i guess even for all those Great people even Alexander was built different.
Great video as always! One of the greatest conquerors (perhaps the Greatest) taken from the world so soon 😢...his soldiers wishing to see him in his last moments indicates what a hero he was...having studied his life from childhood i sometimes consider that he was indeed poisoned. Many in his army protested his Hellenic-Persian vision of the empire and some cowards would have been scared to the core of his recent purges of corrupt governors etc. Easy for a conspiracy to take place
Who knows what actually killed him? Could be the after effects of the arrow that punctured his lung in the mallian campaign, other injuries sustained during battles or an infection he caught whilst on his campaigns in egypt, persia or india or the wear and tear his body went through on that doomed march through the gedrosian desert. Or perhaps a combination of all of these? Whilst conquering that much territory in a matter of a few years is an outstanding achievement, there are limits to what a human body can endure..
14:25 Alexander empire was smaller than Persian empire by any measure, he lost quite a few territories on the conquest, not sure why you put this one mistake in the video. And on the question of his death, I think it's obvious that they killed him by poisoning just like they did with his closest friend (Jared Leto) My big question is that why they killed him and why Greeks couldn't stay loyal to his family after.
I don't remember the Persian Empire including in its territories Macedonia,Thessaly,Dardania,Thrace and the Indian kingdoms of Taxila and Porus. The answer to your answer is very simple.Most of his generals wanted to be kings of their own and they knew well that the Macedonian army would be loyal to the royal family as long as it existed.
@@Kimmerios-l5u If you really think that's valid, you have to ask Wikipedia & Britannica to change their rankings by reffeering them to those sources. Because now when you Google largest empires in history. It says Persian Empire was larger than Alexander conquest of it.
@@SepehrFilmerSomehow your words are contradicted with a plain view of the map Did the Persian Empire included in its territories Macedonia,Thessaly,Dardania,Thrace and the Indian kingdoms of Taxila and Porus? The answer is no. So actually Alexander conquered the whole of the Persian state plus these countries. Simple maths,you see?
It's quite telling the regret Alexander must have had for his obliteration of Thebes, with his plans to put so much money into a complete rebuild. I imagine having crossed halfway around the world and seeing so many tribes and different cultures, he saw how tiny the City States of Ancient Greece are on the global scale and how closely related all of the hellenic people really are.
There's a decent chance it was just a propaganda piece though. Who really knows, but it's worth noting that Cassander rebuilt Thebes later on, and he was not exactly fond of Alexander, many historians thinking he rebuilt Thebes to spite Alexanders memory after he destroyed it. I guess we'll never know for sure. It was also not his sole decision to end Thebes, he besieged it but left the decision of its fate to the Greeks, so i'm not sure how much remorse he'd personally feel.
In some ways he was one of the most knowing people in the world, brilliant, with alot access of info, alot of places observed, and tutored by Aristotle. One of the most knowing.
Imagine a timeline where he wasn't killed and died due to natural causes or old age. Where he was still an undefeated general. We would still get tons and tons of awesome campaign videos from Kings & Generals. It's just a shame that he had to die so young.
The Death of Alexander is tragic but also very suspicious; like who wanted to kill Alexander? Both accounts depict Alexander drinking wine, then getting sick and eventually dying, meaning he was most likely poisoned by who is the ultimate question. It could be Antipater, but it sounds like someone wanted him to take the fall as the "murder". It could be one of the suspects the "romance" claims, but again it sounded like someone wanted to cover up their tracks and point the finger at a likely political enemy during the Diadochi Wars. It could also be one of Alexander's generals who was either motivated by bitter hatred for the Persianization or by pure greed for more wealth & power, or just being scared that Alexander would one day execute him for treason, but it's hard to say which one considering most of these records were mostly made by the one or many of the suspects who wanted him dead and take over the empire. Never the Less, the sense of conspiracy over the death of Alexander one both interesting but also tragic in that after all the hard work Alexander had done to build his empire, only for those who he called his "friends" betrayed him, killed him, and then tore his empire apart.
There are some legends in India too. To seal the peace treaty King Porus asked Alexander to marry a noble indian girl. The girl was chosen from King Porus entourage and was known as a mangalika, a girl with a widow horoscope.
This is a great series, although i already knew the details . I'm really pumped to see the aftermath and the battles among his generals în future episodes. Who tf needs Netflix or even tv when channels such as yours exist. Thank you!
9:41 wouldn't the Greek be rendered τῷ κρατίστῳ instead of τοί? And, just because I need to be pedantic here, the omicron (ο) cannot have a circumflex. That can only be applied to long vowels not short vowels like omicron and epsilon (ε).
In my opinion, Alexander died from a heavy combination of infected wounds, heavy drinking, and exhaustion. The poison strikes me as unlikely if not impossible. Alexander pushed himself to the limit, he literally wore himself out.
My thoughts too, he had also gotten a bad injury that took him some time to recover from not a huge amount of time before his death fighting the Malians (where peucestas and Leonnatus had to protect him as he was slumped over, taking an arrow to the lung). Complications from that wound and infection could certainly play a part, although never mentioned explicitly.
Alexander at 32 years old: Conquered the biggest empire in history at the time, crowned himself emperor, is regarded as a god by the millions of people he rules over. Me at 32 years old: I play video games and watch youtube videos about Alexanders conquest at my parents house.
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The Christians took Alexander's body, mocked it for being a polytheist on earth and destroyed it. Then they mocked all those who admired or worshipped the body
Interesting Rumour...seeks like anti-Christian propaganda
Most likely the Royal Diaries is most likely how Alexander truly fell. The Pamphlet is missing a lot of info on the rest of Alexander's final days while the Royal Diaries it has his entire final days alive in full detail.
@@AdeToz Stop trolling
@@kinghenryxl1747 Didn't have to be odorless
Really excited for the remastered Diadochi Wars, a truly underrated era.
Still thr best series from this channel
This ^
will there be one?
@@pinchevulpes Defintly but Cretoros plan did make sense , the troops would definitly change sides to him if Eumenes wasnt so briliant
@@kipl8444 Well since their soon going to end the series on Alexander don't be surprised if they remake the series of the wars of the diadochi wars....this time in more longer and full detail. 🤩
Brilliant topic about Alexander’s last year and last days. We read about all of his conquests and travels, yet it’s summed up with “then he went to Babylon, drank a ton, and died.”
I always thought it was:
Army refuses to go on. Alex gets depressed. Doesn't talk to anyone on the trip back, dies before they get home. Cause of death vague
Similarly the Greek battle period and Balkan campaign are also not covered most times.
MAKEDONIJA EXIST 25 CENTURIES ! ! Greece 190 years.
Leaving his empire to "the strongest" is perhaps the most Alexander The Great thing to do ever..
I would say it was the least Alexander the Great thing he ever did, but I guess we could disagree on that for a long time. lol
Maybe he knew that this answer would lead to the downfall of his unified empire. Maybe he didn’t want anyone else to become as strong as him or even stronger
@@Kili2807 Yes. It was his last middle finger to his Macedonian generals and veterans that didn't agree with his ongoing conquest plans and opposed the cultural syncretism between Greek and Persian culture.
I'm still fairly certain he gave the regency to Krateros.
Perdiccas and the others just happened to "mysteriously" hear toi kratistoi.
He probably knew that his son would be killed since it was the tradition in Macedon
As a history nerd you guys are the best history channel I've ever known man
@@Popebott34yeah but K&G have better narrator, better visuals in my opinion
@@Kili2807 HistoryMarche and Knowledgia are great too, but of course K&G have better narrator and visuals by far
K&G 11/10
Knowledgia 7.5/10
History Marche 6/10
-In my opinion-
@@JoaoVitor-is4zb that’s your opinion. If someone thinks this is the best. Then leave them. What you like is not going to be what everyone else likes and vice versa
K&G Are amazing.
Everything about Alexander the Great is just captivating!!! Truly the most interesting historical figure of all time.
Hey all, I was the historian and scriptwriter for this episode, hope you all enjoyed! If you've got any questions or feedback please do leave them below, and I'll get around to them when I can!
I greatly enjoyed this video! Thanks for the awesome writing.
What role did Seleucus play during Alexander's lifetime? He does not seem to have been a member of Alexander's inner circle at the time of his death.
@@Kili2807 What are the natural causes of death as mentioned by Arrian? Does those exclude poisoning? I mean considering his power and dissatisfaction amongst some of his men, and the fast deterioration of his health, poison seems very probable
Was there poisons that slowly kill their victims in those times ?
Are you gonna continue the series with the diadochi wars
You have my dream job .....is there anything in the sources that could imply Alexander would march to conquer the west? on that theme also , did he had any corespondence, diplomacy etc with Rome?
"Alexander's name will be spoken till man have tongues to speak " . Thank you very much for this loving series you have gifted us.
Alexander’s body may be long dead but his name and story is immortal.
Exactly how he wanted it
@@tifapanties25 And shall he rest, not in peace, but glory! Слава на Александар!
2300 years after his death we are discussing about him damn
Just one note, Serapis, the god mentioned here to be invoked to help heal the feverish Alexander, is accurate name of the god mentioned in the sources, but that causes confusion since the Greco-Egyptian god Serapis would not be popularized by the Ptolemaic dynasty quite a bit later, so the theory is that this case of Babylonian "Serapis" is either a mistranslation of a local deity, probably a local version of the title of Enki/Ea, or perhaps a later addition by Ptolemaic chroniclers looking for a way to retroactively add an additional connection between their dynasty, dynastic deity and legendary Alexander.
I was also thinking the same...
Mas prolaves!! Swstos!!
Such a great man, commander and warrior he was that his soldiers felt they needed to see him and be at his side, mourning his death just like a friend.
Can you tell me the difference between Hitler and Alexander? They were both ambitious monsters and cold blooded killers. Yet one is treated as a "man that has changed history for better" and the other one for worse.
@@fekyalcz I don't recall Alexander ever engaging in genocide or claiming that the Greeks were the master race? He embraced other cultures, didn't try to exterminate them.
@@ArmySigs uh my dude he killed countless people, tribes, cities, etc. I'm certain entire identity groups ceased to exist under his march
@@ArmySigs Well Alexander and Hitler combined were a joke for someone like Leopold II of Belgium, yet history has never taught us that the biggest genocidal monsters are forgotten, only because they are royalty. That was pure, documented ethnic cleansing, butchering of black people in Congo. That one makes me sad really. The most evil and wicked people are those that have been forogotten in the pages of history. However, we are still being taught that the worst evil ever was Hitler? what a sick joke man. That's only because the jews were and still are untouchable. Not defending anyone, but there were far worse people than him. Stalin for example, but he'd won the war. But no one compares to Leo of Belgium, that twisted psycho. Belgium should be annihiliated for their actions.
@@ArmySigs “The ferocity of the slaughter was staggering,” Freeman writes. “The Macedonians had spent seven long months laboring to take the stubborn town. They had seen many of their friends crushed by stones hurled from the walls or burned to death by fire bombs. They were angry, exhausted, and passionately hated the people of Tyre for putting them through hell. Alexander didn’t even try to hold them back as they killed every man, woman, and child they could lay their hands on.” that is just one example of many of "embracing" other cultures. Who are you kidding? Cold-blooded, overly ambitious and ruthless psychopath. As every single one that has tried to dominate the world.
Well he certainly achieved the goal of being remembered in glory. Few well-known historical figures are known as "the Great". He's not merely referred as "Alexander III of Macedon", he's referred to as "Alexander the Great" and many other historical figures look to him as an inspiration. While many crticisms against him are valid, no one can really downplay how much he achieved in such a short time frame
You can argue for others achieving similar feats:
Id put Hannibal on par, or even better in tactics due to his fighting Rome for years in their own homeland.
And I'd argue that Ceaser conquered more land overall (all of Gaul, then half the Roman Land during the civil wars)
But you can't really compete with how much he did in a short life. Hannibal and Ceaser did most of their notable achievements later in their life than Alexander died with decades of experience and further education under them first
Alexander came right out the gate swinging, and never lost, never even took a backwards step.
Ceaser and Hannibal would encounter more powerful armies, and step back, finding better ground to face them on, staging ambushes or fortifying.
But Alexander met them and defeated them where they were, taking whatever he encountered, and making it an advabtage
Alexander was truly god-like in all he accomplished! Amazing what someone can do in such a short lifetime.
this was the series that made me love this channel and i am so happy to see how far this series has come
Beyond a doubt the most difenative video series on Alexander anywhere online to date. Thanks again Kings and Generals. More to come!!
Great video, thank you very much!! Alexander the Great still lives in the hearts of Greeks and the world!!!!
There is also a theory that instead of "to the best (Kratistos)", he was trying to say "to Krateros" (both words begin the same so it would be easy to confuse under Alexander's difficulty being on his last moments), one of his generals, who he seems to be preparing for some time for leadership role, making him essencially co king with his son.
@@SilverisDuhas i never said they shared vision. That doesnt mean you cant prepare someone for something. Again thats one of the speculations, so its nothing proven and nothing important to disagree upon XD
I really enjoyed the Alexander series. It’s my favorite about him as it covers the sources thoroughly.
the inevitable happened! this is the end of my favorite series!😪 Please, make a series about Ptolemies now
I cannot fathom why there are no shows or movies about this legend. An HBO show would be amazing
Probably because it is very complicated story.
Very hard to do movie.
Show would be better but also hard work.
There are some people-teams that could pull it off but it requires those people plus the production of high budget.
@@innosanto There was a movie with Colin Farrell as Alexander, but it was apparently really bad.
A "What if Alexander lived for another 30 years" Alternate History on Wizards and Warriors, please.
Will consider, thanks!
@@KingsandGenerals you should in want to know what his and his sons rule would be i imagine it to be a sargon esc situation where he would rule but would face some contention in his later years and so would his son
As always, this is history as it should be told, without absolute directives or narration. There are other historical events that are slanted to only one view but this is brilliant. Great video!
Possibly the most influential person in history, second only to some religion founders. Will never be forgotten
Absolutely amazing series, can’t wait to see what is to come
I have read many Books on Alexander & the Diadochi Wars, covered the Topic in War & Diplomacy lectures during College, been enthralled by everything Hellenistic since I was young. I am fairly certain Alexander was poisoned. Malaria or some other illness while possible is odd based on the timing & onset of his Illness. He had not been in India for some many Months by the time he fell ill & had made it back to Babylon on the long Journey. The most critical bit of information we have that suggests it was a poisoning is that we know Alexander had to put down a Mutiny recently due to his men growing tired of his never ending conquest. Also Alexander apparently had designs on a Arabian & Italian Campaign to conquer those areas as well. I believe personally that his Soldiers & Generals saw the growing casualties over the years & feared they would be next. They were already wealthy beyond their wildest Dreams, they held positions of power & for them they had crossed the Hellespont to defeat the Persians which they had accomplished. Pushing on further would simply be dying for Alexanders Glory & dream of a multi-cultural world wide Empire the likes of which had never been seen before & the men weren't having it. So even though they loved Alexander, someone schemed to have him poisoned & it was most likely his Generals. Also, Hephaestion's death not long before Alexanders is suspicious to me & may have been an attempt to remove the most Loyal & one of the most capable men among the leading figures in the Army. If Hephaestion had been alive when Alexander was murdered he would have been a severe impediment to any attempt to seize power, to the point where being at the head of the Companions he may even be able to hunt down the ringleaders of such a plot. The timing of it all lends itself to a plot to murder the King.. shortly after a Mutiny (which may have emboldened conspirators knowing the Army was divided & discontent was ripe), right after new plans to conquer Arabia & Italia (two new dangerous Campaigns), and not long after Hephaestion's death Alexanders most loyal & trusted Companion who was a fierce Bodyguard (Also keep in mind Hephaestion died in much the same way, a sudden illness that set on quickly out of no where while the Army was resting & not on Campaign) it all points to a plot of poison. However truth is in the end we will never know for certain what happened but had Alexander not died then in Babylon in his early 30s he could have easily conquered the Romans while they were still a fledgling tribe in Italia. The World could be a very different place from the one we know today.
You read a lot bravo. But did you know that Alexander was Albanian?
Its for sure plausible, just as its plausible that Caesar knew about his planned assassination. This is why ancient history is the most fascinating to me - the blending of history and myth, fact and fiction that at the end still maintain cohesion. I mean, Alexander could be poisoned or not. Ceasar could have been aware of the plans, but at the and it dosen't really change the historic outcome of those events. And yet it adds a level of intrigue that is just as fascinating as any fantasy story.
Too bad that only a minority of people in this world is able and willing to see this.
History is far more than just plain out learning what happened on specific dates like an excel sheet.
@@bobbatons1720 hahaahahah ofc he was
Many scholars have argued about the causes of his death and I doubt the right answer will be found here in the UA-cam comment section. Yet we will never know for sure. There are multiple other illnesses apart from Malaria that might have killed him and all of them are less spectacular than a murder plot, but sometimes a great story like that of Alexander might have a very boring conclusion. If he had malaria he could have infected himself also long after leaving India, as malaria can be found in many swampy areas (eg parts of ancient Italy). As there are big wetlands in Mesopotamia and even around Babylon as mentioned in this video. He might have infected himself there, even though I dont know if malaria was a common illness in ancient Mesopotamia.
@@bobbatons1720 somehow I failed to notice Albania in the map of Alexander's era.
Great video! Although it hardly matters now, if I had a time machine one of my first goals would be to go back and solve the mystery of how he died and what killed him. I guess that's a great testament to the enduring power of his myth that it has such a hold on us two thousand years later.
Thanks!
again a very objective, exceptionally well researched, well narrated and informative video.
The best history channel on UA-cam. My opinion. So I don’t need people saying what else they think is best. This. Is my best.
Fun Fact: The legacy of Alexander the Great was also kept by Muslim emperors. Many great Islamic warriors like Nader Shah, Alauddin Khalji and Selim the Grim were known as Sikandar-i Sani which simply means Second/New Alexander .
Not just that his life is still known around the world
Suleiman the magnificent
Lessgo Diadochi!The end to the Battle of Issus still makes me cry at Anitgonu's vain hope.
You should do a remake of your Wars of the Diadochi to follow this series up. The original is good but your production values has advanced miles ahead of when it was made. Now would be a great time for you to go back and revisit it.
They have already said they plan to do so here soon.
@@thomasrinschler6783 Praise to Apollo
I think it was the end of great series of the one great chapter, thank you so much for your great documentary by enlienlighting public.
I personally would also really love to see a new series on the wars of the Diadochi.
Thank you my friends.
It will come
What an excellent series and story you narrated, made and produced, one of the most famous amd remarkable figures in history. I am excited to watch the remastered Diadochi Wars and wait for it to be completed.
So it ends. A magnificent journey of a man turned king of kings.
Aside from that, I learned through various short pamphlets that detailed Alexander's life that the cause of death (or at least among the causes of his death) was supposedly sickness and disease carried over by his war-time experience and contact with the people and enviroment of the Indus Valley. I am not sure if it's actually the case though.
Anyone interested: I very highly recommend Mary Renault's 'Alexander Trilogy' comprising (in chronological order) 'Fire From Heaven', 'The Persian Boy' and 'Funeral Games'. A fictionalised retelling of the life of Alexander with fabulous detail and context throughout. If you can read only one, make it 'The Persian Boy' (it was written first). This covers Alexander's crucial years as King, his campaigning, and his ultimate demise - as recounted by Bogoas, his young body servant (Bogoas is an unreliable and biased narrator, too, which makes the story all the more engrossing). I genuinely found Renault's account of Alexander's death moving; it stayed with me long after the reading of it.
Emphatically agree! 👍🏻
iirc this series was the main inspiration behind Oliver Stone's 2004 film about Alexander.
I think the natural cause document may be the closer one to the real death of Alexander. Even though he was only 33, his body and maybe mental processes were worn out. Wounded numerous times, including near fatally in the Mallian campaign he pushed his physical construct to the limit. Freezing in the mountain campaigns, thirsty in the return desert trip and all the bad drinking water along the way had to take a toll on his body. The mental strain of battle plans, (all without a map) assassination plots, logistical plans, seeing the death of many of his peers and childhood friends, had to lead to mental collapse as well. And the Macedonian habit of drinking wine undiluted
in all night drinking parties would ruin the rest of his declining strength.
I disagree I think it is either poison or some weird fatal disease.
If it was natural he probably would have died in the cold, in the dessert, in the high altitude, in the seas.
He died in the palace. In linen sheets where so many people expected him to serve him in gatherings.
He either contracted weird disease , but eastern provinces would have weirder ones, or he was poisoned.
Hepheastion could have been poisoned as well (8 months prior) to be out of the way since he was the most trusted and could have his back.
What a great series, thanks King&General!
When he said to the strongest, my thought was “What was on Alexander’s mind when he said that?”
I got into your guys' channel a year ago through this series, and the one on the First Crusade (Both of which I love). They sparked a new passion in my heart for military history, and I will always be grateful to you guys for that. It's sad to see the series coming to an end, but I'm looking forward to seeing how it will conclude.
I'm more inclined to believe Alexander died of a fever rather than poisoning. Something so easily treatable today was often life threatening in the ancient world.
Alexander survived far worse injuries in India and conditions in the desert proving his vigor and health. Interesting that he died shortly after Cassander came to court the same Cassander who Alexander had grabbed by the hair and pounded his head against the wall, the same Cassander who killed Roxana, Alexander's son Alexander IV and supposed illegitimate son Heracles, the same Cassander who ordered Alexander's mother killed, the same Cassander who was said could not walk past Alexander's statues without fainting.
@ok dude in my opinion that's just one of the great ironies of life. He survived so much, only to die by a fever.
SAy what you will about Alexander. That we're still talking about him more than 2000 years later sure is a hell of a legacy.
It's truly tremarkable feat to achieve all he did at the age of 33. I'm 25 and having finished uni (masters) still unemployed and procrastinate on a daily basis which is killing me! Ughh
Fantastic video keep it up you're doing amazing things 😁👍
Such an epic series, and I'm so happy there will be at least one more episode. I'm curious, do we ever find out who was the man that was in full regalia that was on Alexander's throne? I tried Googling and couldn't find anything about it.
Nope, he remains unnamed and unknown in ancient sources. If i recall correctly only Arrian reports it, although i could be wrong.
Would love a a full length war of the diodochi, especially the ptolomeic and Seleucid wars
The Great shall always be remembered and stay immortal in our memories
Loved the last 12 days graphic
You don't become the "Great" simply by conquering, you must have done something more. In this case Alexander connected western and eastern ideas creating Hellenism which gave birth to innovations in Culture, Technology, Literature and Art.
This was a fantastic series. I would also love to see you guys cover Charlemagne in such detail.
THAT WOULD BE SO COOL
I'd never actually heard of the "Pamphlet" version of Alexander the Great's death before now, and while it definitely makes for a dramatic story I definitely think the other version is more accurate. Based on the information given there, I would hazard a guess that Alexander most likely died of malaria. It makes perfect sense, really: He'd been spending time in marshes and swamps where mosquitoes breed, one of the major symptoms of malaria is a high fever, and he still hadn't 100% recovered from the arrow wound he suffered near the end of his campaign in India. It's logical and easy to wrap your head around, and since Occam's Razor tells us that the best answer is usually the simplest, it's what I've always gone with.
The arrow would is 2 years prior oh yeah he had recovered and fought multiple battles after that, he even survived Gedrosia dessert and a walk through the sea in between plus campaigns on the high mountains against previosuly unconquered tribes.
About malaria, it is hard to contact it in the palace and survive it in the forests swamps and campaigns where it kills you in 24 hours.
He was either posioned or contacted something jn the palace circle, and since the others didnt die, there was no malaria in the circle to wipeout others, so it is probably it was specific and intentional. He had survived 3,4 assasination attempts uncovered already and some failed ones maybe were not even incovered so it is not like there were not multiple attempts already.
When he was returning to Babylon there could be people planning.
His name is immortalized not his blood. Very sad and courageous story. None of his family members survived
Cassander mann...
@@DistantLights Olympias is partly to blame too for killing Arrhideus. Cassander was ruthless though lol. He didn't kill Thessalonike though, he married her and she was half sister to Alexander and mother of his 3 children, so some of his blood survived a litte longer, although the Antipatrid dynasty ended with Antigonus Gonatas taking the throne, and all the Argiad children dead lol.
Might as well make a remake on the Diadochi Wars. 👍
We will
@@KingsandGeneralsThat would be awesome. Will it be this year? When will you make the last part of the Alexander documentary?
@@tomaspavlik5949 Diadochi series should start this year. The last episode of Alexander is ready. We are just debating if we want it as a standalone or as a part of a long video.
Fun fact: In Spanish "The Great" translates as "El Grande" so "Alexander the Great" translates as "Alejandro el Grande", and while this is a correct translation, the most commonly form you will find his name in Spanish is "Alejandro Magno" i guess even for all those Great people even Alexander was built different.
*"Yo K&G, you guys gotta do a video on the Horn of Africa and the cushite peoples, they have unexpectedly underrated history"*
I enjoy these videos. I need to join!
The concept art (?!) of Alexander with persian clothing and crown is cool
Can’t wait for Diadochi Remake 🔥
Great video as always! One of the greatest conquerors (perhaps the Greatest) taken from the world so soon 😢...his soldiers wishing to see him in his last moments indicates what a hero he was...having studied his life from childhood i sometimes consider that he was indeed poisoned. Many in his army protested his Hellenic-Persian vision of the empire and some cowards would have been scared to the core of his recent purges of corrupt governors etc. Easy for a conspiracy to take place
Question:- Alexander
Answer:- King porus and Emperor Dhana Nanda
Thank you , K&G .
🐺
Thank you for the videos. Always top notch.
Who knows what actually killed him? Could be the after effects of the arrow that punctured his lung in the mallian campaign, other injuries sustained during battles or an infection he caught whilst on his campaigns in egypt, persia or india or the wear and tear his body went through on that doomed march through the gedrosian desert. Or perhaps a combination of all of these? Whilst conquering that much territory in a matter of a few years is an outstanding achievement, there are limits to what a human body can endure..
It could just have been the simple explanation of merely disease.
14:25 Alexander empire was smaller than Persian empire by any measure, he lost quite a few territories on the conquest, not sure why you put this one mistake in the video.
And on the question of his death, I think it's obvious that they killed him by poisoning just like they did with his closest friend (Jared Leto)
My big question is that why they killed him and why Greeks couldn't stay loyal to his family after.
I don't remember the Persian Empire including in its territories Macedonia,Thessaly,Dardania,Thrace and the Indian kingdoms of Taxila and Porus.
The answer to your answer is very simple.Most of his generals wanted to be kings of their own and they knew well that the Macedonian army would be loyal to the royal family as long as it existed.
@@Kimmerios-l5u I just wrote a long cm but I think the admin deleted it, anyways, my data on the largest subject comes from Wikipedia and Britinnica.
@@SepehrFilmer and my data comes from reading a great number of books and of course by just looking a map of the Persian and Alexander's Empires.
@@Kimmerios-l5u If you really think that's valid, you have to ask Wikipedia & Britannica to change their rankings by reffeering them to those sources. Because now when you Google largest empires in history. It says Persian Empire was larger than Alexander conquest of it.
@@SepehrFilmerSomehow your words are contradicted with a plain view of the map
Did the Persian Empire included in its territories Macedonia,Thessaly,Dardania,Thrace and the Indian kingdoms of Taxila and Porus?
The answer is no.
So actually Alexander conquered the whole of the Persian state plus these countries.
Simple maths,you see?
Excellent stuff. Really well done.
It's quite telling the regret Alexander must have had for his obliteration of Thebes, with his plans to put so much money into a complete rebuild.
I imagine having crossed halfway around the world and seeing so many tribes and different cultures, he saw how tiny the City States of Ancient Greece are on the global scale and how closely related all of the hellenic people really are.
There's a decent chance it was just a propaganda piece though. Who really knows, but it's worth noting that Cassander rebuilt Thebes later on, and he was not exactly fond of Alexander, many historians thinking he rebuilt Thebes to spite Alexanders memory after he destroyed it. I guess we'll never know for sure. It was also not his sole decision to end Thebes, he besieged it but left the decision of its fate to the Greeks, so i'm not sure how much remorse he'd personally feel.
In some ways he was one of the most knowing people in the world, brilliant, with alot access of info, alot of places observed, and tutored by Aristotle. One of the most knowing.
Maybe the greatest "What if" on Werstern History.
Please cover in future videos any details on how his direct family was wiped out, thanks
Greatest history channel of all time
Begun, the Diadochi wars, has!
May the Force be with you ,my son!
Amazing video as usual
Imagine a timeline where he wasn't killed and died due to natural causes or old age.
Where he was still an undefeated general. We would still get tons and tons of awesome campaign videos from Kings & Generals. It's just a shame that he had to die so young.
Thanks Tô This Amazing Vídeo Of End Of Alexander's Great History.
Alexander The Great still lives and rules!
For Greeks his name is alive and eternal.
Greeks still have songs about him.
TSAR ALEXANDER IS MACEDONIAN ! ! ..... sing o ee.
The Death of Alexander is tragic but also very suspicious; like who wanted to kill Alexander?
Both accounts depict Alexander drinking wine, then getting sick and eventually dying, meaning he was most likely poisoned by who is the ultimate question.
It could be Antipater, but it sounds like someone wanted him to take the fall as the "murder". It could be one of the suspects the "romance" claims, but again it sounded like someone wanted to cover up their tracks and point the finger at a likely political enemy during the Diadochi Wars. It could also be one of Alexander's generals who was either motivated by bitter hatred for the Persianization or by pure greed for more wealth & power, or just being scared that Alexander would one day execute him for treason, but it's hard to say which one considering most of these records were mostly made by the one or many of the suspects who wanted him dead and take over the empire.
Never the Less, the sense of conspiracy over the death of Alexander one both interesting but also tragic in that after all the hard work Alexander had done to build his empire, only for those who he called his "friends" betrayed him, killed him, and then tore his empire apart.
Thank you!
wow this is amazing
When is the final episode?
Tip: we need an episode about the first 4-5 days after his death and how the generals fight over his empire and eventually split it.
Especially the „Elephant moment“ …
Could you make all Alexander's episodes in one video please?
There are some legends in India too. To seal the peace treaty King Porus asked Alexander to marry a noble indian girl. The girl was chosen from King Porus entourage and was known as a mangalika, a girl with a widow horoscope.
This is a great series, although i already knew the details .
I'm really pumped to see the aftermath and the battles among his generals în future episodes. Who tf needs Netflix or even tv when channels such as yours exist. Thank you!
9:41 wouldn't the Greek be rendered τῷ κρατίστῳ instead of τοί? And, just because I need to be pedantic here, the omicron (ο) cannot have a circumflex. That can only be applied to long vowels not short vowels like omicron and epsilon (ε).
In my opinion, Alexander died from a heavy combination of infected wounds, heavy drinking, and exhaustion. The poison strikes me as unlikely if not impossible. Alexander pushed himself to the limit, he literally wore himself out.
Infection would be very likely due to the fevers
My thoughts too, he had also gotten a bad injury that took him some time to recover from not a huge amount of time before his death fighting the Malians (where peucestas and Leonnatus had to protect him as he was slumped over, taking an arrow to the lung). Complications from that wound and infection could certainly play a part, although never mentioned explicitly.
Alexander sleeping in the temple of Serapis is a funny anachronism, since Serapis was a Ptolemaic invention, blending aspects of Zeus and Osiris.
There are some claims that the cult existed before Ptolemy took over Egypt and that Ptolemy just popularized the cult because it served his goals.
You are historian! The reason I am saying that is how you are narrating it ! Go forward ❤❤❤❤❤
Can you please do a continuous Diodachi Series?
Yep
@Kings and Generals what is the name of the soundtrack @ 2:20
Just imagine what would have happened if he lived a longer life.
Well done, as always.💪👍
Amazing piece, thank you
Can you make a video about Zahir al-Umar🇵🇸🤍?
and his rebellion against the Ottomans
Really excited!
Alexander at 32 years old: Conquered the biggest empire in history at the time, crowned himself emperor, is regarded as a god by the millions of people he rules over.
Me at 32 years old: I play video games and watch youtube videos about Alexanders conquest at my parents house.
There are gods, there are men and there is Alexander!
So happy to watch this episode
this series has been epic
Megas Alexandros. The greatest Alexander of them all.
what is the name of the Instrumental starting at 3:10 ?
He truly was the great😌