Landmark Cases on Constitution | Indian Polity Important Cases | 2019

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  • Опубліковано 13 бер 2019
  • Constitution of India Course: learn.finology.in/courses/leg...
    Hello!
    In this video we will discuss about some important landmark cases on constitution.
    For better understanding i have divided these cases in different categories like:
    Our 1st category is preamble. So you tell me, what is the significance of preamble? Is it a part of the constitution? Can it be amended? Can any law by legislature be invalidates, only on the basis of preamble? Lets know about these cases.
    -Re Berubari Case
    -Golaknath v. State of Punjab
    -Keshvananda Bharti v. State of Kerala
    -Indra Nehru Gandhi case
    -Minerva Mills v. UOI
    important cases on Art 368
    important cases relating to fundamental rights.
    Our 2nd category is fundamental rights which are discussed from Article 12 to 35. Let have a look:
    -Marbury v. Madison
    - L. CHandrakumar v. Union of India
    -, A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras
    -Romesh Thapar v State of Madras
    -State of Gujarat v. Ambika Mills
    -Basheshar Nath v. Income Tax Commissioner
    -state of Bombay v. F.N. Balsara
    -Anwar Ali v. State of West Bengal
    -Randhir Singh v. Union of India
    -E.P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu
    -D.P. Joshi v. State of M.P.
    -Champkam Dorairajan v. State of Madras
    -T. Devadasn case
    -N.M.Thomas v. State of Kerala
    -Akhil Bhartiya Soshit Karmachari v. Union of India
    -Indra Swahney v. Union of India
    -Romesh Thapar v. State of Madras
    -Hamdard Dawakhana v. Union of India
    -A.K.Gopalan case
    -ADM Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla
    - Maneka Gandhi v. UOI
    -K.N. Puttaswamy v. UOI
    -Mohini Jain v. Case of Karnataka
    Article 25 to 28 deals with minority rights and secularism. Lets check these two cases:
    -S.R. Bommai v. Union of India
    -Md. Hamid Qureshi v. State of Bihar
    Next category is judiciary. See, appointment of Judges of Supreme Court is dealt in article 124 and appointment of high court’s judges is dealt in article 217. What procedure has been laid down under these articles? Now what is the meaning of world consultation in both of these articles. We have 3 landmark verdicts for this:
    - S.P.Gupta v. Union of India (First Judges Case)
    -Supreme Court Advocate on Record Case (Second Judges case)
    - In re Special Reference (Third Judges Case)
    Next category is emergency. In topic of Emergency. In the topic of emergency, amendments ar more important than the cases. Lets look at two different cases.
    -Minerva mills v. Union of India
    -S.R. Bommai v. Union of India
    Next category is of amendments under article 368:
    -Shankari prasad case
    -Sajjan Singh’s case
    -Golaknath v. UOI
    -Keshavananda Bharti V. State of Kerala
    I hope that you liked this video - these cases are very important with respect to NET 2019, CLAT 2019 and also for basic understanding of Indian Constitution and Indian Polity.
    Kindly subscribe to my channel to keep receiving such updates. In the next video, we will discuss some of the important recent judgments.
    Here is a PDF with sample MCQ`s: drive.google.com/file/d/15Y8e...
    *****************************************
    Courses-
    Constitution of India Course: learn.finology.in/courses/leg...
    Current Affairs-learn.finology.in/courses/leg...
    Jurisprudence-learn.finology.in/courses/leg...
    *****************************************
    Do let me know in the comment box, how did you find this Video!
    Instagram: finologylegal

КОМЕНТАРІ • 1,7 тис.

  • @_FinologyLegal
    @_FinologyLegal  5 років тому +528

    Hello! So how did you find this video? Based on your comments I will publish the next video which will be on Recent Judgements.
    👀 Do check the description box for the PDF! 👀

    • @vm9278
      @vm9278 5 років тому +7

      Finology Legal amazing information dear

    • @fasilpm4406
      @fasilpm4406 5 років тому +12

      Plz upload English also

    • @keepcalm7453
      @keepcalm7453 5 років тому +1

      It's awesome!

    • @sivasaipranavkvr5640
      @sivasaipranavkvr5640 5 років тому +3

      Waiting for the next,good job

    • @kalpeshthakor8697
      @kalpeshthakor8697 5 років тому +9

      Make a video on
      Judicial Review vs Judicial Activism vs Judicial Overreach with examples..!!

  • @dglakshatwar7728
    @dglakshatwar7728 5 років тому +140

    First time in my history I watched all videos of any series in one sitting.. What a quality of teaching just awesome...

  • @studywithme4446
    @studywithme4446 5 років тому +15

    I have been watching your video since days now for clat 2019 prep....you are a teacher with great explanatory skills
    I can't give mocks right now due to my health issues but watching your videos has given me hope that I have the apt knowledge and I have what it takes
    So thanks!!

  • @durgershpareva
    @durgershpareva 5 років тому +17

    Haven't come across anything this good in recent time. Not a law student still could comprehend it easily. Cheers.

  • @dinesh311972
    @dinesh311972 3 роки тому +7

    मैंने भारत का संविधान 1993 से पढ़ रहा हु लेकिन इतना अच्छा विश्लेषण और स्पस्ट समझ के साथ किसी और शिक्षक को नही सुना
    हिंदी भाषा वालो के लिए आपके वीडियो वरदान है
    ईश्वर आपकीं रक्षा करे घुब तरक्की दे
    जय हिंद
    लोकतंत्र के सम्मान में

  • @dkdwivedi18
    @dkdwivedi18 3 роки тому +11

    People like you should be made professor in Law Colleges because you discuss the facts and law in a very simple and best way. I love your videos. 👌👌👌👍👍👍

  • @stutipradhan3258
    @stutipradhan3258 3 роки тому +10

    I am so glad i came across ur channel,u really make studying so interesting and i can literally see the hardwork u've put in to make the videos,love from sikkim❤❤

  • @insightphoenix
    @insightphoenix 4 роки тому +4

    This is most amazing vedio ever present on UA-cam about judicial cases. Thank you so much for this initiative.

  • @adv.roshnidubey9488
    @adv.roshnidubey9488 5 років тому +387

    I wish You can be a profesor in my college....🤗🤗 No words are enough to appreciate you...

    • @vihaanjoon7007
      @vihaanjoon7007 4 роки тому +1

      Where is your collage mam

    • @Phonetician_
      @Phonetician_ 4 роки тому +1

      Absolutely

    • @davidwar2362
      @davidwar2362 3 роки тому +2

      Mem judge ban jao

    • @halala5905
      @halala5905 3 роки тому +1

      @@davidwar2362 mtlb bachhe ho,tum v Judge ban jao

    • @aashishgodiyal6550
      @aashishgodiyal6550 2 роки тому +5

      I am glad she's not. Forget about the respect, annual renumeration in indian academics is nuts!! This is the best place for talent like hers.

  • @manvendrachauhan9559
    @manvendrachauhan9559 4 роки тому +13

    I'm fall in love with the way she talk and her voice ♥️♥️ the way she describe the things are awesome ♥️♥️

  • @yakshkumar8904
    @yakshkumar8904 3 роки тому +3

    Mam , very helpful lecture , can't be thankful in a few words for ur crucial contribution for learners. I have studied many of the channels but no one could explained like this manner. God bless u all happiness and prosperity , thank you so much priya ji ...

  • @kkashyap233
    @kkashyap233 4 роки тому +17

    It's really amazing!!
    I accidently came to this video.
    You have explained various important case laws in such less words and also made it interesting.
    Loved the work done here.

  • @dikshantdhanda02
    @dikshantdhanda02 5 років тому +5

    Love with the way u teach 😊
    Giving such amount of knowledge in a lucid way ..seriously
    Thanks 😎

  • @pokefansameer761
    @pokefansameer761 5 років тому +5

    But maam have unlimited power to make us understand without any judicial review .... Beautifully explained...thanku maam

  • @mathewsraja7959
    @mathewsraja7959 3 роки тому +4

    What a wonderful explanation given by you for each N every topic taken by you. You are one of the best teacher. Best wishes. Thanks a lot. .

  • @jyotsnadewangan3837
    @jyotsnadewangan3837 5 років тому +2

    Absolute power pack for us who do study without coaching for cj preperation..ur way of explaining is feels like i m listning u live.thank u mam

  • @Advo.rishabh
    @Advo.rishabh 5 років тому +6

    I am really impressed by the way you teach. And really found it helpful for law optional..
    Utmost respect & gratitude as a token of thanks..

  • @anubhavyadav8698
    @anubhavyadav8698 5 років тому +5

    Tremendous way of explaining... Grossly informative as well as crucial. Thanxs Priya for your efforts. Highly appreciable.

  • @dakshsingh2184
    @dakshsingh2184 3 роки тому +13

    Nothing is precious than a friend who teaches u everything in just a night before exaam
    Well u have taken that place.
    I have been preparing for clat pg 2020 nd ur channel finology legal has become the most important thing
    🙏🙏🙏 Thanku mam...

  • @SureshKumar-ff1hf
    @SureshKumar-ff1hf 3 роки тому +85

    Request on behalf of all UPSC aspirants : Can you please make article/chapter wise videos on the Indian Constitution?? It'll be a great boon for us. Thank you for all your efforts!!

  • @vanyasingh8187
    @vanyasingh8187 3 роки тому +11

    In one word .. you just simplify the judgments, I love the way you speak 👍

    • @swetabaisla4535
      @swetabaisla4535 2 роки тому

      Excellent explanation mam very helpful vodeo ❤️

  • @akrosh387
    @akrosh387 5 років тому +51

    I m very impressed with your way of teaching ,
    Your understanding towards subject is awesome

    • @gmayuri18
      @gmayuri18 4 роки тому

      Post some videos covering Hindu Family law, Hundu Adotion act, Maintentenance Act

  • @Azadbhagatbose
    @Azadbhagatbose 4 роки тому +2

    Ek baar kisi ne pucha guru ka kya mahtav h?
    Uttar mila guru k aage sab kuch gaun h chota h. Maatra guru k darshan hi aapko aadha raasta paar karwa dete h.
    Madam, you means a lot for me. Thanks for such lucid explanations.

  • @studepedia
    @studepedia 2 роки тому +2

    You made my understanding of law and constitution more easy. It's so interesting.
    Thank you🙏

  • @Beinghumane1
    @Beinghumane1 3 роки тому +9

    Best ever teacher at such a young age, feeling lucky to have u , U r doing a great work, keep it up👍

    • @ShujathAlikhan
      @ShujathAlikhan 3 роки тому

      Drishti IAS dr vikas the best teacher

    • @Beinghumane1
      @Beinghumane1 3 роки тому

      @@ShujathAlikhan ofcourse he too but regarding age and experience factor priya mam is just amazing.

  • @aftabanjummirzaaftabanjum4012
    @aftabanjummirzaaftabanjum4012 5 років тому +3

    Really exquites interpretaion mam feel vry easy after comphrending all verdict ..
    Thanks so much
    ❤ ❤ ❤ ❤

  • @NavneetKaur-mt3oq
    @NavneetKaur-mt3oq 5 років тому +2

    I really appreciateb your way of teaching ,confidence and clarity .. Keep it up :)

  • @dhunishavirmani1515
    @dhunishavirmani1515 4 роки тому +1

    Just an awesome lectures on youtube..ur all lectures just wow..easily understnd..i wish all students hv atleast one techr like u..but for ur u tube vedios thank you its hlps alots.

  • @curiouscase
    @curiouscase 5 років тому +7

    Oho... New look with specs.That aside, Video was excellent as always. Thanks! 😊

  • @aayushmanjauhari646
    @aayushmanjauhari646 3 роки тому +5

    Happy Teachers Day Priya ma'am and the entire Finology Legal team. Your videos are very helpful for clearing the concepts and also for examination point of view. I always relies on your videos for quick revision before exam.
    I will pray God to shower His blessings upon you and your channel.
    Once again Happy Teachers Day to the entire Finology Legal team 😊

  • @asadullahkhan3555
    @asadullahkhan3555 4 роки тому +2

    Very useful lessons for students of law and job aspirants including practising lawyers. Thank you madam . Best of luck.

  • @shifaawasthi325
    @shifaawasthi325 3 роки тому +2

    This is right way to understand things.... For the longer period of time thank you so much...

  • @sutradharrajib
    @sutradharrajib 5 років тому +3

    I love your way of teaching...your hand and face expressions are mind blowing... full of confidence...clear voice...one of the best teachers i have watched in youtube....

  • @Itzz_Neha2425
    @Itzz_Neha2425 5 років тому +5

    Thank you ma'am 😍 😍 I really wait such vedios

  • @User360iskon
    @User360iskon 4 роки тому

    Amazing way of teaching and expertise. Lucid, crisp and conceptual

  • @khushbooraj1940
    @khushbooraj1940 5 років тому +1

    Thank you mam you explain very well.
    I was searching for important judgement of constitution n I found Ur video

  • @rumisaikia2463
    @rumisaikia2463 3 роки тому +2

    Ur the best teacher i have ever learned from. AJS aspirant from Assam.

  • @bhaswatidevi2624
    @bhaswatidevi2624 5 років тому +11

    Amazing explanation.. Thank you

  • @samsungphone6884
    @samsungphone6884 Рік тому +1

    Your explanations were apt and thank you for providing the video along with subtitles. It really helps people from non-Hindi background. I request you to provide all your videos with subtitles :)

  • @alankritajasaiwal2792
    @alankritajasaiwal2792 2 роки тому

    I absolutely love this channel and the easy way in which Priya explains. However, I have a suggestion to make. Whenever teaching caselaws, please do mention the years in which these rulings were given, because while I understand these are sorted as per chronology, the timeline would become more clear. Regardless, many many case laws very well explained in such a short duration. Thanks a lot!

  • @shahajishinde8114
    @shahajishinde8114 5 років тому +4

    I just view one word for this video "excellent"

  • @shivendrayadav6268
    @shivendrayadav6268 5 років тому +49

    Priya dii add the years in case.... Very nice video. Thank you 🙏💕

  • @ashwaniyadav6606
    @ashwaniyadav6606 5 років тому

    Great video...
    Try giving insight on these cases also, like 5 minute dedicated to each case, by this way you can target Judicial and law optional civil servant asspirants.
    Great effort

  • @bkhs755
    @bkhs755 3 роки тому +1

    Much needed and crisp explanation. You made it look very simple 👍.

  • @lavanyaambalkar2798
    @lavanyaambalkar2798 3 роки тому +4

    Thank you so much for making our lives easier.

  • @ankitasain5405
    @ankitasain5405 5 років тому +4

    Thanks for this video
    Waiting for next eagerly...

  • @teatimethoughts9414
    @teatimethoughts9414 5 років тому

    Thankyou so much 🤗 you are so great at simplifying things that are feared for their complexity

  • @alinaqazi6160
    @alinaqazi6160 3 роки тому

    Your videos not just teaches about laws but we can also learn about how to express ourselves, and communicate, I keep observing your body language also, thankyou!

  • @therailwayguy8890
    @therailwayguy8890 5 років тому +7

    Hello mam, thanks for explanation. I have a small suggestion. Add years of cases if possible while explaining. It would be perfect to understand timeline. Btw great explanation. Thanks👍🏻

  • @gnanasekaranpandyan4369
    @gnanasekaranpandyan4369 3 роки тому +19

    Excellent presentation. Inclusion of the years of judgements will be more useful. Kudos to the lecturer!

  • @arjunk9830
    @arjunk9830 4 роки тому +1

    Best for upsc and GPSC student..
    The way of explaination
    The command in laguage
    The way of speaking
    Fantastic... good working.. ma'am

  • @anujamalkar8646
    @anujamalkar8646 2 роки тому

    Hi Priya, your videos are awesome! Thanks for sharing such valuable information that too in such an easy manner. All the best for your future videos. ❤️❤️😊👍✨

  • @basupatil3156
    @basupatil3156 5 років тому +5

    I was #thinking about to #demand this video bt uhh #finally made ....Before I ask 😎 And #thank you so #much for this ......Then next #legal #news .... Of 2018 2019
    Thank uhh mem

  • @SUMITSINGH-jf7ey
    @SUMITSINGH-jf7ey 5 років тому +4

    It will be exceptionally helpful for UPSC CSE. We are egarly waiting for this. Thanks for providing this awesome course.

  • @zohrisha
    @zohrisha 2 роки тому +1

    This video has been a blessing 🙌🏻 with d pdf as a cherry on top of d cake 🍰✨

  • @Priyanshu8474
    @Priyanshu8474 3 роки тому +1

    First time A lot of cases with excellent explanation in one video
    Very very thanks mam

  • @ayelitaghosh9844
    @ayelitaghosh9844 5 років тому +3

    Thankyou soo much for these videos! This is probably the only source which makes even the most boring parts of constitution easy and interesting❤

  • @haridassp2341
    @haridassp2341 5 років тому +3

    nice session. keep the good work. waiting for the next video.
    Thank you.

  • @savitapathak5083
    @savitapathak5083 4 роки тому +2

    Itne easy way me to aaj tak kisi ne padhaya hi nahi,thank you so much di

  • @shilpasinghai7162
    @shilpasinghai7162 4 роки тому +1

    Well Explained Priya... you make every topic interesting and easy to understand.

  • @shashwatbaranwal9482
    @shashwatbaranwal9482 5 років тому +4

    Thanks a lot.That was an awesome video, I was eagerly waiting for this video.
    One more request, it'll be very helpful if you can make a video on important articles of the Indian constitution.

  • @anonymoussoul4871
    @anonymoussoul4871 5 років тому +5

    ❤😘💞😍 thanks ma'am for such a wonderful lecture

  • @RiyaTyagi871
    @RiyaTyagi871 3 роки тому +1

    I just love your videos. You become a part of my timetable❤❤❤❤❤❤

  • @juhiiii101
    @juhiiii101 2 роки тому +2

    Legal studies project sorted!!! Thank you so much! I never knew how I would look up so many landmark cases! THANK YOU! Awesome work!

  • @shovitsingh5938
    @shovitsingh5938 3 роки тому +4

    Correction !!
    At 26:32 , through 24th Amendment parliament introduced clause 4 to article 13 , not clause 3 to article 13.
    Ma'am we are glad to experiencing most engaging and alluring lecture being provided by finology legal.

  • @mayank9455
    @mayank9455 4 роки тому +4

    first time in my history of UA-cam i cant skip ur video at any cost❤️
    and plz release ur video on jurisprudence plz 🙏

  • @sachinnagariya2675
    @sachinnagariya2675 4 роки тому

    Bohot shaandar tarika hai madam apke padane ka. Your clearity on topic is marvellous.

  • @toshiba-wp8pv
    @toshiba-wp8pv 3 роки тому

    Thanks mam for this wonderfully explanation those who given you in this video....you are best teacher of polity mam.....I feel glad that we have a teacher like you though always clear all difficult topics in a simple way ....🤗😁

  • @abhishekdevanda7370
    @abhishekdevanda7370 5 років тому +10

    Informative video. Thanks. Kindly make a video on the Important judgements of (IPC, CrPC, Evidence Act, N.I. Act, CPC, Constitution) which have been pronounced in the last 2-3 years.

  • @aloksheel9454
    @aloksheel9454 3 роки тому +3

    ALMIGHTY has given you a great teaching style....you are doing great job for the benefit of millions

  • @sonurathour5163
    @sonurathour5163 4 роки тому +2

    Your teaching quality is superb. And voice so clear we

  • @dineshnegiadvocate6446
    @dineshnegiadvocate6446 2 роки тому

    I have been admiror of yours since begining . Today i am advocate practising in delhi and took help from your videos during llb ...keep it up

  • @suzimanipur2983
    @suzimanipur2983 5 років тому +7

    💯✌👌... UPSC aspirant from Manipur, INDIA🇮🇳

  • @aloksinha5080
    @aloksinha5080 5 років тому +10

    That's so great in a way that often happens and is expected.😁😁 Do Publish video's according to UPSC syllabus for Indian Polity and Constitution (Pre) and Political Science (mains) paper-1.

    • @xy0988
      @xy0988 5 років тому

      Is it too comprehensive for upsc ??

  • @GGarai-gj7lz
    @GGarai-gj7lz 4 роки тому

    Thank you so much mam
    I just started to gain knowledge of Indian Polity and your videos really help me a lot.

  • @thejourney8161
    @thejourney8161 3 роки тому +1

    U r awesome at teaching...i love ur videos n understand them easily

  • @gauravjha4792
    @gauravjha4792 5 років тому +11

    First of all heartly thanks again ,mam plz make your telegram channel and provide pdf there also,and make videos article wise so that cover the topics for upsc,very helpful for upsc polity,hat's off to your pedagogy and tireless effort, jai hind

  • @shahidAkhtarcr7
    @shahidAkhtarcr7 5 років тому +4

    Bohat khoob!!! Fruitfull💓💓💓

  • @justfeelit2707
    @justfeelit2707 3 роки тому +2

    Now cleared everything! 🇮🇳🙏🙏thank you Mam

  • @Sam-hr2kn
    @Sam-hr2kn 4 роки тому

    You hv great knowledge of indian polity, n outstanding teaching skills,,
    Hats off,,,👍👌

  • @BikersShoppe
    @BikersShoppe 5 років тому +4

    This should be the way of teaching ...
    Thank you mam👌🏻

  • @shiwanirathi
    @shiwanirathi 5 років тому +4

    Oh Priya mam..whenever I see your videos..my heart always filled with blessings😘😘 and I really want to pondering my love on you so just commented once again..as now this is the only way..on 27 and 28 july I have my mains examination I know your knowledge will definitely going to help me. Keep shining mam..:) and ya before my exams if you can provide some more videos on constitution really will be very helpful..

    • @dglakshatwar7728
      @dglakshatwar7728 5 років тому

      Yes it's will be very helpful if keep providing us

  • @btstan1499
    @btstan1499 3 роки тому +1

    This is really helpful. Thankyou ❤️ Hoping we will get more and more videos like this from you in future❤️✨

  • @MITHUNDAS-of2jd
    @MITHUNDAS-of2jd 4 роки тому +1

    I have seen best class ever about pols science thank you very much respected madam

  • @rajatdubey4211
    @rajatdubey4211 5 років тому +4

    mam your way of explaining cases is very superb. pls make videos ipc sections

  • @vidyasharma1233
    @vidyasharma1233 5 років тому +8

    Please make a complete video in Important govt.schemes 2018-19.
    Thnk U.

  • @poornachandrarao9375
    @poornachandrarao9375 2 роки тому +1

    Your videos are helpful so I am seeing previous videos also.frankly saying good easy to learn .thank you

  • @sutapadevisaha9740
    @sutapadevisaha9740 3 роки тому +1

    You are amazing!! Thank you so much.. Though I am studying in Law in Bangladesh, your lectures are so much helpful to me!! thanks again!!!!!!

  • @panugantik921
    @panugantik921 5 років тому +3

    Nice explanation madam your way of teaching nice

  • @atifshaikh6446
    @atifshaikh6446 4 роки тому +3

    Thank ma'am, learning from Qatar 😊
    Allah bless you team finology legal.

  • @sonalarun2002
    @sonalarun2002 3 роки тому

    Mam you make us understand very easily. Love the way you teach.

  • @abhishekseth1202
    @abhishekseth1202 4 роки тому +4

    Tremendous way of teaching....im byju's tab student but i dont get this much things and clearity from sarmad sir's lectures......thnkew mam

  • @parassoni1967
    @parassoni1967 3 роки тому +18

    The dal-cawal example touched my heart. Loved it.

    • @_FinologyLegal
      @_FinologyLegal  3 роки тому +6

      😄 glad you liked it!

    • @user-xj3fu6du4n
      @user-xj3fu6du4n Місяць тому

      ​@@_FinologyLegal
      आपके इन सभी केसों के साल भी तो साथ - साथ बताने चाहिए थे।

  • @diptysingh7712
    @diptysingh7712 5 років тому +3

    Awesome explanation 🙏

  • @mithunpal846
    @mithunpal846 3 роки тому +1

    hi priya, your approach of making understand is awsome.

  • @anubhapandey3713
    @anubhapandey3713 3 роки тому +1

    Dear Priya Ma'am,
    Your videos are the best for final revision.

  • @anusabharwal367
    @anusabharwal367 5 років тому +5

    Thank u soo much mam
    please ik Lecture international law k uper v le k aaye

  • @amankushwaha3764
    @amankushwaha3764 5 років тому +3

    Thank U Didi
    U r doing great job plz also upload vedio on clat legal aptitude section
    It will be great help didi

  • @sajalsinghal312
    @sajalsinghal312 4 роки тому

    I have no words di... Fabulous. Teaching..... By yours i really clear my all problems.. And understand everything wellfully.. Thank u. 😊so much

  • @vikkastaandon8362
    @vikkastaandon8362 3 роки тому +2

    I was going to buy a book on the same topic. But you saved my time and money