선택하다 vs 고르다 (Sino Korean vs Pure Korean) | Korean FAQ
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- Опубліковано 23 сер 2024
- Sometimes learners come across two words that have the same English definition, and are unable to tell the difference between them. I talk about some things you can do to figure out their differences, as well as how words using 한자 (Chinese characters) can have a different meaning than a word with the same meaning that’s Pure Korean.
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My understanding is that the difference between Sino-Korean and pure Korean words is similar to the difference between Latinate (usually from French) and Germanic words in English. If you search for "Latinate Germanic pairs," you will find many examples. For instance: apprehend vs. catch. These (can) mean the same thing, but "apprehend" sounds much more formal or technical or "official." Another classic example is "cordial reception" vs."hearty welcome." The first comes from French words, and the second comes from Germanic words. The first can sound more formal or stuffy than the second, which sounds friendlier or more rowdy. Native English speakers are very sensitive to this kind of difference, even if we don't know why. I assume the situation in Korean in similar.
great observation!
#1.) Mask
Sino-Korean: 가면 (假面) /ga myeon/
Pure Korean: 탈 /tal/
Konglish: 마스크 /ma seu keu/ similar pronunciation as "mask"
#2.) Bakery
Sino-Korean: 제과점 (製菓店) /je gwa jeom/ lit. "build" + "sweet/ confection (can refer pastry)" + "store/ shop"
Pure Korean: 빵집 /bbang jip/ lit. "bread" + "house"
Konglish: 베이커리 /be i keo ri/ similar pronunciation as "bakery"
#3.) Speed
Sino-Korean: 속도 (速度) /sok do/
Pure Korean: 빠르기 /bba reu gi/
Konglish: 스피드 /seu pi deu/ similar pronunciation as "speed"
#4.) Today
Sino-Korean: 금일 (今日) /geum il/ lit. "now" + "day" ("nowadays")
Pure Korean: 오늘 /o neul/
Konglish: 투데이 /tu de i/ similar pronunciation as "today"
#5.) Song
Sino-Korean: 가곡 (歌曲) /ga gok/
Pure Korean: 노래 /no rae/
Konglish: 송 /song/
#6.) Friend
Sino-Korean: South Korean - 친구 (親舊) /chin gu/; North Korean - 동무 (同務) /dong mu/
Pure Korean: 벗 /beot/ used in literary term
Konglish: 프렌드 /pu ren deu/
#7.) World
Sino-Korean: Literary - 세계 (世界) /se gye/; Figurative - 세상(世上) /se sang/
Pure Korean: 누리 /nu ri/ Synonym to 세계
Konglish: 월드 /wol deu/
#8.) bat (Chiroptera)
Sino-Korean: 편복 (蝙蝠) /pyeon bok/
Pure Korean: 박쥐 /bak jwi/
"편복" is like "Chiroptera" while "박쥐" is "bat".
Konglish: 배트 /bae teu/
#9.) spider (Araneae)
Sino-Korean: 지주 (蜘蛛) /ji ju/
Pure Korean: 거미 /geo mi/
"지주" is like "Araneae" while "거미" is "spider".
Konglish: 스파이더 /seu pa i deo/
#10.) (going out on) Date
Sino-Korean: 교제(交際)하다 /gyo je ha da/
Pure Korean: 사귀다 /sa gwi da/
Konglish: 데이트(하다) /de i teu (ha da)/
North Koreans don't use konglish
@@makumyangel Actually, North Korea does have Konglish, it is NOT used a lot due to borrowing from Russian words (still classified as "Foreign Loanwords").
For example, the word "stocking".
South Korean: "스타킹" /seu ta king/ from American English
North Korean: "스토킹" /sŭ t'o k'ing/ from British English. Also, in South Korean, this means "stalking".
Even when the same English word is borrowed, how this word is transliterated into Korean may differ between the North and the South, resulting in different words being adapted into the corresponding standard languages.
@@f.dud4 yeah but they won't get familiarized with the woods since they don't used them often
i only have met the word 벗 in a phrase ....을 벗삼다
you upload so frequently its actually scary
scary
그러네욬ㅋㅋ 너무 무서워요
lol
As you learn Korean more, You can get a feeling this sounds like Sino Korean words or pure Korean. And i recommend to learn Chinese character's meaning(you don't have to know how to read or write). cause it'll help you memorise words much more easily and guess although you don't know what it means. And sometimes, certain Sino Korean words can sound more casual than pure Korean words「친구(親友)vs벗 삼일(三日)vs사흘」
I just realised I never thought about the difference between 선택하다 and 고르다... huh. Thank you for the interesting video!
It's like in English with words that have a Latin origin right? I always found it funny how Latin words will sound fancier in English, but in my language they are common words, sometimes I need to avoid being too fancy in English
It is like having Sanskrit words in Hindi or other Indian languages. It sounds so formal when we use Sanskrit! I love your channel! Best teacher 🤩🤩
감사합니다(감사 is sino kor) ㅡ 고맙습니다(pure kor)
Basically sino-Korean is academic and formal feel while pure Korean feels more everyday and casual
It's interesting how languages have similar concepts. In English, as many people here said, the Latinate words and Germanic words are similar to the Sino-Korean words and pure Korean words. As far as I know, Southwest or Middle East languages have their versions, too. If I'm not wrong, I heard Persian (Farsi) has its own "formal/fancy" words as Arabic words. These tendencies in worldwide languages tell how certain ancient language was that powerful in the area: The Roman Empire (Latin), China (Chinese), Arabic empires (Arabian), etc.
"Picking a Sino-Korean word over a pure Korean word has that sort of formal feeling. In contrast, picking the pure Korean word [...] makes your sentence sounds a little bit less formal and therefore a little bit formal"
Thank you so much!! I don't know how many times I found myself in the situation where I didn't know which word to use in this situation.
You give so much detail when teaching I love it. Some other sources don't cover everything. Thank you
Please make more of these videos. Short, informative and straight to the point, I love it.
Now that I'm finally giving Korean my full attention after studying and working with Mandarin for 10 years, you have no idea easy it is for me to retain the Sino-Korean vocabulary LOL Thanks for such an informative video, Billy!
It would be easy for you to study Japanese and Vietnam as well . Envy you
Thank you for the explanation Billy. Yes or Yes by Twice uses both of them. I'll definitely remember this lesson.
Thansk for reminding! Now, I'll think of those words while listening to the song!
One of the questions I had during a tutoring session was this exact question 😦
I should've made this video when I started this channel because it's one of the most common questions I get. I've just been putting it off for this long :-P
저 그림은 설마 세종대왕 일까요?ㅋㅋㅋ 귀엽네요
This is one of the most common questions I've also received!
Nice explanation Billy :) But I'd like to fix one if you don't mind... Actually I wouldn't explain '한자어(Chinese words, Sino Korean words)' as a 'fancy' word. Its not about being fancy!
한자어 is just a written form- unlikely the native Korean words.
We have two different forms for many words because one, native Korean for casual, daily conversational and one the other(한자어) is for written down(We've used Chinese Characters for too long!)
So its easier and makes more sense if you understand it as sino Korean is just a written form which we've used for studying.
For example, I would never say 태양 for daily conversation as in 'the sun is shiny!' That must be 해 :)
+ Naver dictionary trick is my favorite haha
Thanks for your comment!
@@Metellica_SS Thanks for sharing your opinion Mete. I think you misunderstood my comment. I didn't say Billy's explanation is wrong but I said I wouldn't explain it as a 'fancy' word.
Since I'm a native Korean grew up in Korea entire my life + I've been teaching Korean for almost 10 years, I've got some theories of Korean language. I didn't explain too much details because it's a Billy's content's comment page.
Let me give you an example of 고르다 vs 선택하다.
I would never say 선택하다 when I am choosing an Ice-cream that I want to eat in daily conversation.
일상 생활에서는 아이스크림을 선택하라고 말하지 않고 아이스크림을 고른다는 표현을 쓰죠. 한국 분이신지 아닌지 모르겠지만 설명을 더 보충하자면 아이스크림을 선택해라 라고 말할 때는 무언가 중대한 결정을 동반한다거나 방송과 같은 조금 formal한 상황에서 사용됨을 알 수 있습니다. 제 의견은 무조건 한국말로만 문장을 구성하라는 말이 아니랍니다.
지금도 제가 한자어 표현들을 많이 쓰는 이유는 아무리 댓글이지만 제 의견을 '피력하는' 중이기도 하며 댓글이지만 모든 사람들이 읽을 수 있는 공적인 공간이기 때문입니다 ^^ 한국어가 진화된 과정을 보면 알 수 있어요, 한국말만을 사용한다고 해서 그 문장 자체가 어린 아이 쓰는 말이 되진 않습니다.
I like this kind of videos the most (when you show the difference between two words with similar or same meaning but different usage or nuance). If I could propose a next video on this topic, it would be, it would be the difference between: 재주, 기능, 기량 and 능력.
Thank you for the video Billy! My professor also said that sino korean is more preferable in written language than pure korean.
원래부터 이런 비디오 찾았는데 드디어 찾았어요 휴...
한국어 공부 열심히 하세요
@@user-nc5yc9es6j 고마워요!
이미 잘하시네요 👍
그러네요. 이미 잘하시네요.^^!
@@user-iz2zr1fn3i 힘내줘셔서 굉장히 고마워요!
너무 도와주는 거였어요. 감사합니다!
Ancient Chinese in east Asia is like Latin language in Europe languages. When saying ‘set a fire’ and ‘ignite’, or ‘rule’ and ‘administer’, ‘talk’ and ‘conversation’ how would they get to you?
When using sino-Korean words, they feel like old, formal, as billy said.
Aaah!! Amazing video thank you so much. I was just wondering about this when I was studying my verb vocabulary. It's almost scary!! Again, thank you...
쓰다 also means 'wear.' For a hat or sunglasses.
👍
Ah, basically in English, using the French word for something instead of the original English. Can I remember what any of them are at the moment? Of course not XD
maybe like rendezvous vs meeting
@@diabolic42090 yes! 💕
Beef vs cow!
Apparently beef is the fancy word for cow meat to eat, working class couldn't afford it-! Thats why it's beef as in French :)
저 그림은 설마 철수일까요 ㅋㅋㅋ?
or RSVP instead of please reply
좀 더 엄격하게 말하면 한국어 단어의 60~70%가 중국어에서 온 게 아니고, 한자를 가지고 한국식 단어를 만든 것이라고 할 수 있습니다.
그래서 중국어 단어와 한자가 같지 않은 경우가 더 많습니다.
물론 중국어와 정확하게 같은 한자를 쓰는 단어도 많습니다.^^
결론은 "한국어 단어의 약 60~70%는 (중국어에서 온 게 아니라) 한자어로 구성되었다"라고 하면 될 것같습니다.
We do the same in English. Germanic words are common and words from Latin are fancy. "Pick" is Germania but "select" from Latin. It is the same with "fart" and "flatulence."
“해 and 태양” are kind like “Sun and Solis(solar)”
Can’t thank you enough for these videos!!!
My mother tongue is Spanish and, the way I interpret it, there is a difference between 선택하다 and 고르다. With 선택하다 (decidir) is: to make a decision, something that you took your time to think and after that, decided. On the other hand, 고르다 would be to select/pick (elegir), which is more based on intuition, something that happens spontaneously and without too much tought. I'm not saying my comment is right, but a couple of days ago I had this same question about the difference between these two and just realized that in spanish, we also have two words, but the meaning is a little different.
"선택하다" sería como "seleccionar", mientras que "고르다" se traduciría como "elegir" o "escoger", no?
@@chemitapeerezzz_98Sii
thank you!
Your video is on time👏! I was just learning the word 사용하다 and was wondering how it is different from 쓰다.
You should do a video testing koreans’ hanja skills ^^!!
Thanks. I learned a lot!!
Thanks you, Sir.
브라질에서 정말 감사합니다!!
PLEASE make more videos about sino-korean words!!!!!
thanks for explaining which one to _choose_
I'm sorry for _choosing_ to use that pun
i _choose_ to go now
Who the hell dislikes it.
I remember learning that Sino korean verbs tend to be the noun form of the Chinese words + 하다 added to it. I'm wondering, are there any sino korean verbs that don't end with 하다?
넘보다
There are a lot that end with 스럽다/롭다, although not quite the same thing you're asking.
Very interesting!
PLEASEE THE TYPING AN ESSAY EXAMPLE IS ME EVERYTIME💀 PUTTING IN FANCY WORDS TO SOUND SMART AND PROFESSIONAL HAHAA-
Thanks for the explanation!! I guess if the verb is the form noun+하다, it might be sino.
Hey, just a quick question. For the TOPIK Writing section which words should I use, sino or native??
As I explain in this video, Sino and Native words will each have different meanings/feelings, so you can use whichever one you'd like to convey what you'd like to express :)
해 is likely originated from the hanza (China character) 曦. 曦 or 晨曦 together means sun, sunrise. Is a formal way to depict the sunbeam. 曦 in Cantonese dialect, pronounces very very much like "해", Chinese it pronounces "Xi". 晨曦 (Chen-Xi" yep...President Xi :p so, I think 曦 (Xi) relates to sun in Korean which is 해.
you are wrong.
You are very uneducated... First, off that's a native Korean word, it did NOT come from Chinese. Second, why the hell are you using modern Mandarin pronunciation to compare with Korean? Completely flawed methodology. You should be comparing Middle Chinese with Sino-Korean because the vast majority of Sino-Korean was borrowed during the classical era.
@@sirlancelet9167 She is wrong, but there are actually some Korean words which are considered 'native Korean' by some people but in reality they are words originally from Chinese which were borrowed and 'modified', they belong to a different class of loanwords called gwihwaeo (귀화어 / 归化语). For instance the word for 'wind' in Korean is 바람 (param) which originated from Old Chinese 風 *plum or *plums; and other words like kimchi: 침채/딤채 (沉菜) > 김치, peony flower: 목단 （牡丹）> 모란, corn: 옥촉서 (玉蜀黍) > 옥수수 etc.; for the last one North Korea actually uses 강냉이 (kangnaengi) which I believe could be the original native Korean word for corn instead of 옥수수 (oksusu)
@@YummYakitori that’s really interesting, so I guess 沉菜 could be a better way to translate Kimchi instead of 辛奇 or 泡菜
But speaking of that did the sound chim change into Kim overtime?
I actually looked up that chinese chararcter and it is 희 in hangul, not 해.
Naver Dictionary now has both Korean and English definitions now.
Yes, it always has had both definitions.
Hi..ur videos very good
☺️
Mantap
Is it awkward to use slightly formal/bookish words in daily speech? Because as far as I know using fancy words in korean easily gives away that you’re not a native but I’m really not sure if that’s true
It's like saying "can i purchase(buy) this?" which word would you use casually? Of course you would use "buy". but there is no problem understanding even if you use "purchase". So just feel free to use whatever you want. They will understand although you can sound a little awkward.
3:15 Guilty. 😅
OMG No hat!!
So, 고맙슴니다 is pure korean then? I was wondering why I heard Kim Jeong Un use it in a speech of his and I guess it's because he wants his Korean to sound more pure? Cause I doubt you'd wanna use a less formal word in a speech to your people.
It just has a different feeling to it. North Korean also uses a lot of loan words too, so there's no real "pure" language.
North Korea does have a greater tendency to steer towards 'pure Korean' vocabulary, but Chinese loanwords in the Korean language are so pervasive its almost impossible to avoid.