The War of the Pacific (1879 - 1884) - The Epic War between Chile and Peru (and Bolivia)
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- Опубліковано 15 тра 2024
- The War of the Pacific, fought from 1879 to 1884, was a conflict that reshaped the political landscape of South America, involving Peru, Chile, and Bolivia. The conflict is also known as the Nitrate War, Guerra del salitre, Saltpeter War or Ten Cents War. The roots of the war can be traced to long-standing border disputes and economic tensions over resource-rich territories, particularly the nitrate-rich regions in the Atacama Desert. The conflict began in 1879 when Chilean forces, led by President Hilario Lagos, initiated hostilities by seizing the port city of Antofagasta, a region contested by Bolivia and Chile. Bolivia, already economically weakened, faced further setbacks as its access to the Pacific was cut off. Shortly after, Chile declared war on Peru, escalating the conflict. The war saw significant naval engagements, such as the Battle of Angamos in 1879, where the Chilean navy secured control over the sea, limiting Peru's ability to support its army. Land battles ensued, marked by notable clashes like the Battle of Tacna and the Battle of Arica. Bolivia, unable to regain its coastal territory, suffered a crippling blow with the loss of the Atacama Desert. Meanwhile, Peru faced defeats on multiple fronts, leading to the occupation of its capital, Lima, by Chilean forces in 1881. The conflict finally came to an end in 1884 with the signing of the Treaty of Ancón. The terms of the treaty favored Chile, as it acquired substantial territories from both Peru and Bolivia. Bolivia lost its access to the Pacific, becoming a landlocked nation, while Peru ceded the provinces of Tacna and Arica.
The War of the Pacific had lasting consequences for the involved nations. Bolivia's loss of coastal territory remains a point of contention to this day, and the conflict left scars on diplomatic relations in the region. Additionally, the war highlighted the importance of control over valuable resources, such as nitrates, which became crucial for the industrialization of the participating countries in the years that followed.
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SOURCES
- Andean Tragedy. Fighting the War of the Pacific, 1879-1884 (William F. Sater).
- A Brief History of Peru (Christine Hunefeldt, Bill Harris).
- A Brief History of Bolivia (Waltraud Q. Morales).
- www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-... (25-12-2023).
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is this channel monitized?
@@warrun8681 yes.
I will recommend you to follow the very interesting a very NON BIAS history of the war as “La historia como no te la contaron.” That history agrees the Facts of both sides. Another thing, is not true about the Navy of Peru, they have the modern armor war ships, very difficult to defeat by Chilean Navy, so is not that the poor Peruvian and they and Bolivia were the victim of a stronger country, was a war between two strong nations, Chile was better organized that is true, as any other war, the explanation of the win usually is the superiority of one over the other. Not counting that Bolivia only has a battle in Calama by themselves and in a later stage they abandon Peruvian army. And finally what war is not consequence of political issues or grievance? What is not true that the conflict was initiated by Chile, the secret pact among Bolivia and Peru was the spark that initiated the war
very bad data bro, you probably had most peruvian and american sources. Chilean sources are more precise and exact information and also the british sources.
Chile goated.
🇨🇱
@@HistoryHustle
Haha it's a joke, right?
@@lasimadelsuelo CL
@@lasimadelsuelohow is that a joke ?
It is a shame that we in U.S. no longer teach or speak of this conflict. Thank you Sir for hitting all the bullet points. Kudos and God bless you!
Thanks Fred!
Lol it was never taught anywhere in the US outside of college history classes, I dont even believe you are American
To be fair there is no reason to learn it unless you’re specifically teaching South American history
@@HypervoxelRBXyou should learn it as an important part in the history of the continent like we learn about the US civil war even though everyone abolished slavery decades ago
@@HypervoxelRBXto be fair because of this war Chile, having better ships than the US, deterred US from taking over Panamá expelling the US Army from Panamá City in 1885 and stopped US plans in the South for 20 years. Yes, you should learn history. Citing the US parliament of the time, the chilean cruisers could "hunt and sink every US warship in the pacific one by one".
How times have changed!
Great summary of he war of the Pacific. The only detail missing was that the confederation between Peru and Bolivia was secret and Chile only learned about it via Brazil. This pushed the countries to war faster.
It was treaty, the Confederación Perú-Boliviana was the country of |836 dissolved in 1839, also at war with Chile back then.
@@redhausser7492 Chile fought against Peru and Bolivia during the independence (they were royalists), the Peruvian-Bolivian confederation and also in the Pacific War. as well as never against Argentina
non, in the war of pacific they probably noticed when the trety was ratified by congress and tried to add argentina there.
Wrong. It was not secret. It was sign 5 years before the war and it was defensive in nature. Moreover, at the time the treaty was discuss in three different countries' Congress: Perú, Bolivia and Argentine [it decline].....so it was imposible for Chilean diplomats or other delegations not to know about it.
One should wonder why these three countries, even 5 years before the war, were worried about Chile?
The big question: Who and how the war was finance?
A lot of details are wrong and it is understandable, the subject is complex....... however something important is missing, the elephant in the room was not even mentioned: 🇬🇧
@@carlossuarez8793 for the how it was financed, via concessions and debt, mostly to private capitals. Peru, mostly US, Chile, mostly UK. However, one mustn't confused capitals of a certain country to the government of said country. In that regard, Peru received much more direct support from the US than Chile from the UK (who remarkably refused to sell weapons, Chile used German, French and Belgium armament), while the US openly vouched for Peru in the peace talks and provisional government until the president was assassinated.
I am a Peruvian American doctor in Texas who likes this story of the Pacific War. I agree that Peru lacked cohesion as a nation to face this war. Despite this great historical wound, politicians and leaders have not acted as they should. Thanks for a good summary of this war.
Thanks for your reply.
How should they act? War again?
@@mateamargo1339 with the peaceful solutions clause of the OAS, to think of another war is for intellectually limited people.
@@manuelsuazo1125 ok. You are not naive, You are clever and your wisdom is not for the ruled ones but for the rulers. Good luck with it.
@@mateamargo1339 in my area of work, who makes the comment is not relevant, the objective and analytical is important, this philosophy helps to find good solutions to problems.
Let's say that the attempt of Arumentum ad Hominem, in your comment, only distracts from the fact that although the Peruvian economic infrastructure does not last a week in case of conflict with Chile, but we would have nothing to gain.
There's a bolivian movie about this war "Amargo Mar" (1984) which is full of historical inaccuracies trying to wash the image of the bolivian president Hilarion Daza🧐
En serio?? O: nunca supe de su existencia
_Peru were so noble even during war. In the Iquique battle, the Peru Navy's Comander in Chief, Miguel Grau was rescueing chilean soldiers for not drowing in the ocean. His act gave him the title "Caballero de Los Mares" ( Gentleman of The Seas ) . He sent the belonging of the chilean captain Arturo Prat who died in this sea battle to his wife. Adding a very famous letter. Miguel Grau is the most remarkable hero in the Peruvian Navy, while Arturo Prat in Chile. Nowadays in the chilean school is tought what Miguel Grau did , in those difficult times. Grau died for his country and he won the eternal respect and honour on both sides of the border. References -> Carta de Miguel Grau a Carmela Carbajal , viuda de Prat_
Fueron tan nobles que el único modo de reconocer a algún soldado chileno en Concepción fue el uniforme de los oficiales. Por eso y, porque los cuerpos estaban desmembrados y tan desfigurados, que trajeron de vuelta a Chile los corazones de los oficiales, que fueron enterrados en la catedral de Santiago.
Miguel Grau conoció a Arturo Prat en la guerra contra España, eran amigos.
es lo MINIMO que puedes hacer por unos hombres tan guerreros con tal espiritu de lucha como la tripulacion de la esmeralda, que JAMAS se rindieron, TUVIERON que ser hundidos, a diferencia de la tripulacion del huascar.... o de la independencia..
@@Khorne__Es lo mínimo que debes hacer cuando tienes ética. Chile no hacía eso. Es más, tenían la repudiable costumbre de hacer el repaso, es decir, remataban a los que estaban heridos. Por eso es que los mismo chilenos se asombran de lo que hizo Grau.
@@juanantonio2755 chile mataba a los cobardes que arrancaban y huian, a esos de hecho se les perseguia con corvo para degollarlos, pero a los soldados del morro de arica que sobrevivieron al ataque chileno no los mataron, de hecho los puedes ver en las fotos de la toma del morro de arica, otro ejemplo serian las tripulaciones de los barcos que chile capturo en la guerra, todos sobrevivieron, obviamente menos los que murieron en combate
@@juanantonio2755 el repaso fue una vez que ocurrio la batalla de la concepcion, desde ahi chile tomo la iniciativa de jamas volver a tomar prisioneros, literal todos los que sean sorprendidos en combate con arma o lo que sean (niños, hombres, mujeres, ancianos, o sacerdotes), serian exterminados
I have seen many of your videos, which I enjoy very much, but this time I must say that there are some confusions and mistakes.
At the beginning of the war the Chilean army had just over 2.000 men, but had experienced officers who fought in wars against the Mapuches (that war lasted 300 years!).
Chile had 2 powerful ships but Perú had one which was faster, the Huascar, and the Iquique naval combat (May 21st 1879) Chile lost one old ship, and Peru lost one of its best ships, the Independencia. Chile didn’t have dominion of the seas until the naval battle of Angamos (October 8th 1879), where Chile defeated Peru and captured Peru´s best ship, the Huascar, which was repaired and incorporated into the Chilean navy.
The jump off the cliff of Colonel Alfonso Ugarte is just a myth but has no historical importance.
It is important to mention that in all battles the number of soldiers fighting on each side was similar, so that no victory can be attributed to a higher number of soldiers; on the contrary, in almost all the battles the Chileans attacked, and the Peruvians / Bolivians fought in their defensive positions.
The victory of Chile was due to several reasons: the organization of the war efforts, careful study and preparation of supplies, discipline and motivation of the troops (mostly volunteers), political stability (there was even a presidential election during the war).
You provide extra information. Thanks for that. What is not accurate? I read Ugarte threw himself of the cliff. What did happen to him if he didn't jump?
@@HistoryHustle About the myth of Alfonso Ugarte jumping off the cliff on his horse. First, it is very rare that a horse was in the defense area of the Morro, and it is impossible that a horse jumps into the void of a cliff: it simply won’t jump. Second, the battle report of the Peruvian artillery commander Manuel Espinoza, describes the moment when it was useless any resistance, and so Bolognesi ordered a cease-fire, but because that order couldn’t be heard, Colonel Ugarte went himself to give the cease-fire order, and the report says that Ugarte was killed while in that mission. Another battle report prepared by the second in command of the Peruvian defense, Manuel Camilo de la Torre, states that Ugarte and others “fell in the fight”. Ugarte’s body was later identified and it was taken to Lima, where it was buried at the Presbitero Maestro Cemetery.
@@HistoryHustle What is not accurate is Chile didn’t have full control of the Pacific after the Naval Combat of Iquique (May 21 1879), but much later and only after the Naval Battle of Angamos (October 8 1879).
There are some very interesting figures on the Chilean side: War Minister Rafael Sotomayor, he was the main organizer and strategist of the war, but died just before the battle of Tacna; General Manuel Baquedano, he commanded the Chilean Army and never lost a battle; Patricio Lynch, a former Chilean navy officer who fought in the British Royal Navy at the Opium War in China, and other wars, when he was moving from Pisco to Chilca by land to join the rest of the army, in many places he found Chinese workers living in slave conditions, so he freed them and as he spoke Mandarin, he was considered as their savior so they called him the “Red Prince”, and many Chinese joined the Chilean army in service duties, like carrying ammunition, helping the wounded, etc. Lynch fought at the Chorrillos Battle (which lasted over 9 hours) and Miraflores Battle were his performance was outstanding. He was appointed as Governor of Occupied Perú.
For some reason there is a Chilean myth that Peru had better naval forces, and they even cite the names of WOODEN river ships as "battleships" they had to defeat. Huascar was trash for the time, only benefit was metal hull but negative cannon effectiveness and it was not a modern ironclad.
@@HistoryHustle For some reason there is a Chilean myth that Peru had better naval forces, and they even cite the names of WOODEN river ships as "battleships" they had to defeat. Huascar was trash for the time, only benefit was metal hull but negative cannon effectiveness and it was not a modern ironclad.
some notes, because is clearly that you read mostly the peruvian side of the history:
the 2 most important sea battles was iquique and Angamos, iquique by the sunk of Independencia and angamos, the most important, by the capture o ironclad Huascar.
no, Ugarte didnt jump with his horse, his corpse was found siting in the wall of one shelter, he die in the first minutes of the final assault. you cant make a horse jump from a cliff (horse arent stupid). the peruvian flag can be see in photografts after the battle in his pole. is a myth created by peruvian press later. (Ugarte was a great heroe for real reason, dont need myths)
Chile win every single sea and land battles of the war.
bolivia fight only 11 month and then withdrawn let peru alone.
the war last 5 year mostly because US representatives scams until the asesination of the us president Gardfield. the new presidente Chester arthur see what happen and declare tha US cant risk a war again a naval power like Chile. without the fantasy of Us support, peruvian surrender.
technically peruvians never fight to the last bullet, but can take that true in the Bolognessi (they surrender when the amunition was depleted, but die when one cannon xplode and everyone shot again.
in chorrillos and miraflores they run when the defenses fall (mostly civilians, the peruvian real army was destroyed before in tacna)
What? you mistake lootering with war adquisition, something normal in the 19 century and even today.
Lima was lootering by peruvian deserters, and was the european resident the ones who try to keep order, and their ask the chilean army to enter the city and stop the lootering!!
the attack to chinese people (mostly almost slaves) was in that time, before the chilean army enter, by the peruvian low class and peruvian deserters.
Chile take trophies and materials (like books and trains), that was exactly was any winner nation do in that time (and now too), is part of the war (see british and US museums)
in fact, you can read in many place how the chilean occupation was one of the best moment in Lima, the chilean gobernor Patricio Lynch is considered "the last Viceroy in peru", and he make Lima clearly a better city (when chileans left, limas fall in civil war)
Lima/Callao/ tacna, etc was 70% of Peru and his population, the rest never was important to Chile, and nobody wan to keep a entire country. Peru must surrender in 1880, they believe that the US will enter the war (because that was minister Blaine always say to make their own business), so they denied let go the provinces that Chile already conquer and claimes as logical pey for the war.
peru had 3 diferent "presidents" at the same time, and 6 in the entire war, any of this by democratical elections, all self aclaim. prado take the money and run to europe, nicolas de pierola take the power, make a disaster and also run away. garcia calderon no duro nada, iglesias and caceres fight each other, and Montero was sold by the people of arequipa to the chileans.
in the war, chile have 2 democratly elected president with complete normality.
no, Caceres never win a single battle, in 3 years only reunite less than 5.000 warriors (Chile mobilized 100.000 mens in the entire war), mostly natives without guns. caceres run and hide for 3 years, and when finally confront a small equivalent chilean division was completly obliterated and almost anyone died. Caceres is a controvertial figure, half of what he say or why he look like a heroe is a lie.
Peru was in bankruptcy BEFORE the war! that is why peru enter the war. the same with the political system, full of coups and betrayals. when the chilean left after the surrunder, Peru fall inmidiatly in civil war... again! (that is why many people in lima in that time feel secure whith the chileans)
you cant take modern numbers in a old war, specially one like this. the woundeds in the defeated side was almost always "repasados" (killed in situ), but the wounded in the winner side mostly survive (and chile win every battle).
you must calculated in KIA killed in action (or inmediatly after):
Bolivia: aprox 5.000
peru: aprox 19.000
Chile: aprox 2500 (including 500 in tarapaca, and 150 in the sunk of esmeralda)
the kill ratio was 10 to 1 (is studied like that in war academies)
the war of the pacific (or saltpetter war) have at least 4 or more diferent Histories: the chilean, the peruvian, the bolivian and the international, depends of where and who is the historic researcher, and even depend too of what is their political side (left or right for example).
so we must go to the facts and numbers, not stories.
good video, but try to read the chilean side too.
Yes that's something I felt too, the tone of the video seems more like the Peruvian version of the 1879 war. Still great content for an important war that is not well known outside of the three countries involved. Funny fact too, this war looks exactly like todays Ukrainian war with shady "defensive" alliances, Sevastopol looking like Antofagasta then, manned with Chileans yet controlled by foreigners till the Chileans took it back, the Peruvians supported by the United States till the funding dried out.
Escriban en español sus falsedades chilenos.
@@oscarberolla9910 el video esta en inglés para audiencia anglofona...
@@oscarberolla9910 cry me a river about it. Most things he said are true
Mostly correct, but Chile didn't win all battles of the war. Iquique was lost (Punta Gruesa was won though, in Chile they're considered two separate battles), plus we also lost at Tarapacá and La Concepción. Plus the Huascar ran circles around our fleet for months, and after it fell, other Peruvian ships also wandered up and down our coast and up to Panama with varied success.
usually chilean historiography focus on the war before the occupation of lima. since it was the war fought between regular armies and navies. the war after lima occupation is usually brushed over both by contemporary and later historians, besides the battles of concepcion and huamachuco. but its impressive to know how the chilean occupation disintegrated the thin fabric of peruvian society and basically plunged peru into chaos until the chilean army retreated.
*LET ME CORRECT YOU !!! CHILEANS HISTORIANS, CONCENTRATE OR FOCUS BEFORE THE OCCUPATION OF THE CAPITAL LIMA (BY THE WAY, THIS WAS THE THIRD TIME THAT CHILEANS HAD OCCUPIED LIMA: 1- LIBERATION OF PERU BY THE CHILEAN GOVERNMENT. 2- WAR: CHILE AGAINST THE CONFEDERATION PERU-BOLIVIA. 3- WAR OF THE PACIFIC.) -- CHILEANS HISTORIANS CONCENTRATE ON THE COURAGE OF THE CHILEAN ARMY AND THEIR GENERALS... LIKE THE 77 CHILEAN SOLDIERS KILLED DEFENDING THEIR FLAG AND THEY REFUSED TO SURRENDER BY SAYING: "NO CHILEANS SURRENDER TO THE ENEMY" / "BATTLE OF CONSTITUTION" (PERU)... AMONG OTHER HEROIC EVENTS.*
*WHEN THE CHILEANS HAD OCCUPIED LIMA FOR THE THIRD TIME; BUSINESS MEN, ITALIANS, BRITISH, FRENCH, AND OTHER IMMIGRANTS, WELCOMED THE CHILEAN TROOPS IN LIMA, TO "RESTABLISH ORDER"; BECAUSE THE PERUVIANS BEFORE ESCAPING, HAD STOLEN AS MUCH AS THEY COULD FROM BUSINESSES AND GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS EVERYWHERE. --- SOME PERUVIAN HISTORIANS TELL THAT IT WAS THE CHILEANS THAT DID THIS, BUT RECENTLY, IT WAS FOUND OUT THROUGH OLD LETTERS THAT THE STORY OF CHILEANS RANSAKING LIMA IS NOT TRUE. --- CHILEAN TROOPS OCCUPIED LIMA FOR 3 YEARS, AND WHEN THEY WERE LEAVING, THE MAYOR OF LIMA BEGGED THEM TO STAY AND OTHER CITY PEOPLE DID THE SAME, AFRAID OF WHAT WAS GOING TO HAPPEN WHEN ORDER AND PROTECTION WERE NOT THERE ANY LONGER.*
*THE HISTORY OF PERUVIANS CHANGED DRASTICALLY BY THEIR OWN HISTORIANS AND NEWS PAPER-WRITERS, TRYING TO CHANGE THE NAME OF THEIR COWARD COUNTRY MEN, INTO "HEROES"... THEY WON'T TELL YOU AS PER EXAMPLE THAT WHEN CHILEANS HAD OCCUPIED LIMA, THEY CHASED THE ENEMY (PERUVIANS) UP THE HILLS AND IN ONE OCCATION, ONE PERUVIAN GENERAL SHOUTED: "RUN PERUVIANS, THAT THE BRAVE CHILEANS ARE COMING !!!" ---- OR THEY WON'T MENTION THAT WHEN THE WAR STARTED, THE POPULATION OF PERUVIANS IN LIMA "CHASED CHILEAN WOMEN", RAPED THEM ON THE STREES AND KILLED THEM AFTER... MANY OF THEM WERE "BEHEADED"... MEN, HAD THE MEMBERS OF THEIR BODIES REMOVED / CUT OFF AND EXPOSED IN THE OPEN, JUST LIKE THE BODIES OF WOMEN... THEY WON'T EVEN TELL YOU THAT CHINESE SLAVES WERE FREED BY CHILEANS AND IN GRATITUDE, THEY FOUGHT ALONGSIDE WITH THE CHILEANS, EVENTHOUGH THEY ASKED THEM NOT TO, AND THAT THEY WERE FREE !!!... CHILEANS ALSO FREED SLAVES FROM EASTERN ISLAND AND THIS IS WHEN THEY TOOK POSSESSION OF THE ISLAND IN ORDER TO PROTECT IT FROM PERUVIANS (EASTERN ISLANDERS HATE PERUVIANS, IF YOU DIDN'T KNOW).*
*IN SCHOOLS, MANY TEACHERS TELL LIES TO THEIR STUDENTS ABOUT THE WAR OF THE PACIFIC AND HOW STRONGER CHILE WAS... WHEN IN REALITY, CHILEANS HAD FEW NEW WEAPONS, AND MANY OF THEIR RIFLES (AS PER EXAMPLE) WERE FROM THE INDEPENDENCE OF THEIR COUNTRY (DECADES OLD); THE 2 MAIN IRON-CLAD SHIPS WERE IN ENGLAND FOR SALE, WHILE THE PERUVIANS HAD EVERY AT HOME.*
*NOW YOU KNOW REAL HISTORY.*
*CHEERS*
the chaos in peru is before and after the Chilean occupation, we have nothing to do with what they call the cultural melting pot.
Chile did with Peru basically the same thing that years later the United States would do with Germany and Japan, Iraq, Libya, etc. What's the surprise?.
Furthermore, at that time, the Peruvians were outraged that in Chile the issue was not even discussed in the newspapers, where the most important news was national, leaving the invaded Peru as something foreign to Chilean reality. Hopefully there was a little news about what was happening, if anything.
@@alexos8741 you need information about the Chileanization of Arica.
greetings from Viña del Mar
@@manuelsuazo1125 Sore looser.
Great video! Just a few details perhaps. the secretive nature of the Peru-Bolivian treaty seriously irked the Chilean leadership. Added to this the wide knowledge inside Chilean circles that this alliance would seek to pact with Argentina in the partition of claimed Chilean territories. The fear of yet another South American Tripartite Alliance after the one seen in Paraguay 1866 prompted Chile to arm the navy and army in the early 1870s and call the Peruvian bluff in April 1879.
Bolivia did attempt to take control of the CFSA company that was manned by Chileans, as 95% of Antofagasta was anyways. The seizure attempt was in violation of the 1874 treaty and it was expected that Peruvian interests would present the highest bid in the subsequent selling of the CFSA. Peru was highly indebted after the 1860s Guano frenzy and Chincha islands war with Spain.
The disembarkment in Pisagua was one of the first successful amphibious landing of the modern era, widely observed by Europeans and replicated in the first world war, for example in Gallipolli.
Peruvian general Bolognesi was the one fighting to the last bullet along with his staff, among them captain More, the defeated commander of Independencia during the Iquique naval combat who had seek to recover his fighting honor.
Ugarte falling off the cliff is a debatable myth.
Chilean generals were requested by the Limean elite to restore order when chaos ensued after the defeat in Miraflores and Chorillos (those places were indeed looted by Chilean soldiers) with native lower classes and Chinese coolie workers revolted against their overlords. The National Library and other monuments were indeed sacked but by Chilean authorities as war booty and reparations mostly.
Thanks for sharing this.
ese fue elllllll pretexto para iniciar una guerra planificada por años, los chilenos con una geografía miserable en recursos en esa época añoraban apropiarse de los ricos yacimientos bolivianos y peruanos, además de ampliar su territorio, sabían que tanto Perú ni Bolivia contaban con un ejército preparado , aunado a los intereses de los ingleses por esos recursos , declararon una guerra conveniente para ellos, lo del territorio de la patagonia fue algo con lo que no contaron, pesó más la ambición inglesa por los yacimientos salitreros que por el territorio aparentemente inproductivo del sur, ahora se lamentan de haber perdido tan grande extención que le hubiera significado poder tener presencia en dos oceanos y tener una geografía vulnerable, cercada por una cordillera y de espaldas al mar, con una endeble franja costera fraccionable en muchos segmentos, el karma de la historia los persigue con la paranoia de ser atacados por sus vecinos, seguirán armándose a costa de su desarrollo para tratar de poder dormir tranquilos 🙄
Que parte de tratado DEFENSIVO no entienden aun los chilenos ¿?
@@oscarberolla9910 "defensivo" así como la alianza que aniquilo Paraguay cierto ??
@@dariotoledo6725 los mitos abundan es tu versión. Demuestra por favor que Chile fue apoyado por los Ingleses ? Esa versión todos la conocemos pese a que los intereses ingleses habían apostado en 1879 que Peru y Bolivia por su mayor extensión y demografía derrotaria a Chile rápidamente.
Tampoco indicas la situación financiera del Peru en los 1870 que necesitaba la apropiación del salitre tarapaqueño y del litoral boliviano, en disponiendo de las empresas chilenas como la CFSA.
Tampoco existen pruebas que Chile estaba preparando el conflicto aparte quizás por el intento de las autoridades de Santiago de arreglar los temas fronterizos con el vecino boliviano. Vecino cuya inestabilidad política y posible intento revanchista después de la derrota de la confederación peru-boliviana exigía precaución de parte de las autoridades chilenas. Además del intento revelado rápidamente de alianza con el Perú y mismo con Argentina. Osea delante tanta soberbia de parte de los vecinos, no habrá sido la decisión correcta de parte de Chile de ordenar los buques acorazados? Sin mencionar la pacificación de la Araucanía y la guerra contra España que dio las lecciones hacia la estándardizacion del ejército y de la armada de Chile.
De todas formas, a pesar de todo lo mencionado, aún no existen pruebas de la intencionalidad chilena hacia un conflicto mayor. El ejército chileno estaba muy discapacitado al inicio del conflicto.
To add some useful information: The chilean army only had 2 calibers for her rifles and a somewhat homogeneous ethnicity. The peruvian army had at least 8 different calibers for her rifles, in addition with the many ethnic groups within the army and some of them didn't even speak spanish. Imagine the logistical nightmare. This is a forgotten factor of why Peru was defeated.
Thanks for sharing this!
The Peruvian Army is in the same situation now.
Another very important factor, all with the exception of one were all professional Army officers, while the Peruvians were civilians with military ranks.
I would like to make some precisions:
- The direct cause of the war was that the chilean companies in Antofagasta were subject to a definite and permanent tax by Bolivia, which was actually sealed in a treaty between Chile and Bolivia. Bolivia's government violated this, trying to impose a bigger tax. This caused the disembarkment of chilean troops in Antofagasta and the declaration of war to Bolivia. When Chile learned about the secreat alliance treaty between Perú and Bolivia, it was force to declare war on Perú also.
-The naval combat of Iquique in May 21 between Esmeralda corvette (Chile) and ironclad Huascar (Perú) was a defeat by Chile, with the sinking of the Esmeralda, although the heroic death of captain Arturo Prat produced an enormous raise in the will to fight by the chilean population.
- The parallel combat of Punta Gruesa (south of Iquique) meant a victory for Chile, where the light vessel Covadonga (Chile) produced the stranding of the powerful ironclad Independencia (Perú); this was a heavy loss for Perú, leaving the Huascar as the only ship capable of confronting the chilean ironclads.
- The later combat of Angamos on 8th October confronted the Huascar with the two chilean ironclads Blanco Encalada and Cochrane and was a final defeat for the peruvian Navy and the death of his commander, Admiral Miguel Grau. This combat gave Chile the dominance of the sea and the freedom to produce the following disembarkment of chilean troops which led to Chile's victory in the war.
Thanks for sharing these insights. Appreciate it 👍
Actually in the Batalla Naval de Iquique, Chile "lost" generating a Martyr who would boost the morale of its armies, but it also managed to sink the second most important Peruvian ship (La Independencia), and some years after would capture the most important one who also fought in the battle (El Huáscar).
Greetings from Iquique
I stand corrected. Thanks for your reply.
Chile perdio? perdio el peor barco que tenia (La Esmeralda) y dejo fuera de servicio quisas el mas importante del peru (la independencia) creo que estas equibocado ,creo que el que perdio fue el Peru
Perdió esa batalla, pero no la guerra.
@@marcoangulo2971el independencia cayo en la batalla de Punta Gruesa, Chile perdió la batalla naval de Iquique.
@@marcoangulo2971La Esmeralda peleó contra el Huascar. Fue la Covadonga la que peleó con la Independencia.
Would be great to also have a video about the previous war: The war against the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation. Great video as always!
surprisingly it's almost never mentioned, not even in the education system for history classes
You raised the bar again. Thanks. BZ
Thanks. Was a hard job because this material was totally new for me.
Thanks Stefan for the entertaining and interesting video as usual from you
Thanks Aidan!
Again a very interesting and informative vid ! Thanks, have a great time over there 👍
Greets from Grun' 🇳🇱, TW.
Dank!
Iquique Battle was a pyrrhic victory for Perú, they break the Iquique blocade and sank a corvette, but they also lose an armored frigate and with the days, awake a patriotic sentiment that made the people from the centre and south of the country to recruit voluntarily in the army.
I stand corrected, not sure how this mistake came in.
Guakamello sapee
Just love the way you say "Chilains" ;0) ..Good Chanel as well well done on the unusual stuff.
¿what, is there any other way to say it ....such as "FUCKING INSIPIDOS"?
Great vídeo, Thanks for sharing!
This war is very overlooked in Brazil education, because it simply did not affect much the regional geopolitical power when compared to the Triple Aliance war (paraguay war). Very little to nothing is taught in brasil schools about this conflict, I had no idea that chilean forces ocupied Lima.
Thanks Thiago! I am now in Sao Paulo actually!
I disagree, it completely changed the geopolitics of South America until today where Chile still controls the largest deposits of copper worldwide, Bolivia cut from the sea and Peru reduced to a minor power after being the center of affairs in post-colonial Hispanoamerica. Also sparked the South American arms race between Brazil, Chile and Argentina in the 1890s where those three nations would benefit from the saltpeter and agricultural economic boom and european capital flowing to the region.
@@HistoryHustle wow Im excited, wish we could meet somewhere in the city, if u want any tip of a location tô record a vídeo I can help you !
@@lape2002
Yeah u have a good point, nowadays the Lithium deposits of Chile are very estrategical, but this is only a modern discussion and that is the reason for the brazilian historiography not giving much attention tô the conflict
Thanks Thiago, today I meet another subscriber. Tomorrow I have the bus to Paraty. Tonight I will be in Vila Madalena but this is very short notice haha. Feel free to sent me a message via instagram or email. See video description.
Amazing content! Im Chilean, and I think respect should be above all else. Every soldier was more brave than most, or well, any of us. They deserve respect. Whether they're Chilean, Bolivian or Peruvian.
Again, I love your channel. Thank you!
Many thanks for your reply!
Great research thank you
Thanks for watching.
South America had few conflicts, but are very interesting, and their results had consequences that mark the region to this day. Greetings from🇨🇴👌🏼
Thanks for watching. There were a lot in the 19th century. But these were relatively small in scale.
Almost every country went to war with a neighbor, also a lot of civil wars and war with indigenous people.
Very interesting again. Didn’t know about this. 👌
Many thanks James!
Great channel my man
Thanks 😎
My great great grandfather was Juan Jose Perez, Bolivia’s top General who heroically died in the last battle in the desert. RIP. He has monuments and streets named after him in Bolivia.
Thank you that was interesting.
🇵🇪👍
What an awesome video!
Glad you appreciate it.
Has a chilean, was interesting to inow the other side of the conflict, here in chile the focus is on the war itself and politics before it. Peru and Bolivia made a secret protection pact to eventually start a war with Chile for resources and sea access, when Chile found out it started the fighting.
i remember this i studied this on college nice bro👍👍
Great! Thank You for watching.
How interesting. I love that you do pronounce quite properly the Spanish words. Great video.
Do my best. Thanks for your reply!
excelente video!
👍
Again: amazing info & video. Would love if every YT vid would have at leas 10% of your credibility.
😎👍
Hey Stefan another great history video. Love your channel! Is there anyway I can contact you privately?
I have a business proposal to offer you...
Feel free to email me. Adress found below each video description.
@@HistoryHustleHey Stefan! I emailed you. Hopefully we can work together. 😊
Great work Stefan, cheers 🍻
Cheers Jesse. Have a good weekend.
Thanks for this unknown history
👍
Great!!!! Saludos desde el Peru. You are always welcome in Peru!
🇵🇪👍
Chile mentioned 🇨🇱
🇨🇱👍
Saltpetre and Nitrates, important fertiliser, vital component of gunpowder (the gunpowder formula is 60-80% Saltpetre).
Thanks for sharing 👍
@@HistoryHustle No problems. I spent quite a while in my younger days wondering why all the fuss over rotted bird poop, then found out, no guano, no bang-o. Quite the strategic resource.
Nog een fijne koningsdag stefan!
Groet uit Brazilië 🇧🇷
Perhaps you could make a video about the war of the 100 hours between El Salvador vs Honduras from 1969 known also as the “football war”
Won't travel there anytime soon.
@@HistoryHustle at least read about it perhaps u find interested.
I found you for chance. Love your job. You know we the southamericans we are so nationalist and we were though the history according to every country interests, so most of us have a very partial knowledge of what really happened in our history... thanks for you job.
Thanks for your reply!
Another wonderful historical coverage episode was shared by an excellent ( History Hustle) channel introduced by 🙏 ( Sir Stefan)
Many thanks!
Could you make a video about the russo japan war?
I did
ua-cam.com/video/KZ-7CKeBMhk/v-deo.htmlsi=TtavVChBRJ2z82tU
Gelijk kijken🍻
I really wanted a more nuanced take on this, as a chilean that's mostly gotten the chilean version of this story haha! We were always taught that we were in serious disadvantage, that peruvian armada was far more modern and powerful than ours, and it was washed in epic and heroic light.
Thanks for watching.
dude if you can't stand war, don't start one, we just defended ourselves
Ok.
1 question, on which school do you teach?
At the moment none because I have a gap year for travel.
@@HistoryHustle ok👍
I found one mistake, in the battle of Iquique Chile and Perú ended even because the peruvian sink La Esmeralda, an old ship, and the Chilean only sunk La Independencia, but the bulk of both navies continued to fight until Naval Battle of Angamos when finally the chilean navy took El Huascar, the peruvian flagship, and it's admiral was killed (Miguel Grau).
I stand corrected.
Thank you for giving coverage to south american conflicts! Theyre extremely interesting and grossly looked over by most history channels. As most have pointed out some mistakes were made, but I believe you got most of it right (even if you focused more on the peruvian side of the story). This war was very important on a global scale, as many european nations saw a truly modern war (during the crimean war Russia was so far behind its hard to call it a "modern" army) since both had machine guns, artillery (the Krupp cannons Chile acquired were the most modern guns of their time), rifles and it showcased the important of railway lines and how to conduct desert warfare, which the Entente would replicate later at Gallipolli (British military advisors aided the chilean army for most of the beggining phase of the conflict). Siempre vencedor, jamás vencido! 🇨🇱
De donde sacó lo que dice. En Gallipoli, los británicos no siguieron la estrategia de Pisagua, por eso perdieron calamitosamente esa batalla. El desembarco que replicó a Pisagua fue el de Normandía, lo dice Ike en sus memorias.
Por último Chile no tuvo asesores británicos en la guerra. Lo que había eran algunos oficiales chilenos formados en la marina inglesa como Lynch, que debido a eso era aislado por los demás oficiales chilenos.
“The conflict began in 1879 when Chilean forces, led by President Hilario Lagos,” Hilario Lagos???? 🤔🤔
no laughing matter :P
Hilario, Hillary, Hilarious, same Latin etymology for joyful, "Hilaris". The Romans used the name Hilarium, too
The Bolivian President was Hilarion Daza
@@dieglhix Lagos?
Forgotten by who? We chileans know this war very well.
I understand. Most of my audience is from the US and western Europe. That is why I said it.
You need info about the Peruvian army at the time, Chile was the the country with no army. Fyi after the war, the usa was worried about Chile, because of the Army we got, just because we seased the Peruvian ships. Meaning Chile was a naval power, acording to the USA
Great video! There is an incredible book that narrates this war. It's called "veteran from three wars". Its first part narrates the war from the perspective of an officer from the Chilean army.
One note, i don't recall Chilean troops taking animals from the zoo. Maybe you are refaring to 2 lion statutes that are commonlly knowned as los leones. They are displayed now at Avenida los Leones and are made of 2,5 tons of bronze.
¡Once again great video!
The story of the war of the Guano is usually told differently depending on what side you are on. Peruvians want to focus on the guerilla wars after the occupation while Chileans talk about the naval war. The main thing is to remember that no country that loses a war will ever admit defeat, just listen to the Mexicans talk about the USA.
It's a fact that Chile got into this war without thinking about the long-term strategy, even when America invaded Agfanistan and Iraq, they didn't really have a long-term plan.
The initial battle can be won, but occupation is another matter. Throughout history, no occupation has lasted forever, and Lima was not an exception.
Another fact is that, unlike in Perú, in Chile, they do not teach children to hate Peruvians.
Why they would taught that?? They took territory from Peru and never returned Arica as previously agreed. That's why there is an animosity againts Chile. Pretty expected I think.
@@tribalcrema287 you are trying to say the animosity is because of Arica? Olobia zbrazil, Ecuador, Uruguay have no animosity against Chile, because they never fought. Argentina lost the Falklands war and most videos they create on UA-cam they make them look like they actually won; and by the way, they have animosity against England, could it be that they lost the war too?
I don't know where you get the "in Perú they teach children to hate chileans" because that doesnt happen at all lol.
When I was teached the story of the war of the guano (almost more than 20 years ago) they teached me about all the 3 sides of the story and never put any enphasis into hating chileans, lmao.
People here dont really hate chileans but a lot of times we make contact with them we have bad experiences that lead to people hating chileans
@@GatoPatataGameplays first of all the word is taught and not teached. Busca un video de MaacUru 13 llamado así hablan los peruanos de los chilenos, especialmente los dos primeros video de J Bayly y otro hombre académico. Ambos dicen lo contrario de lo que dices.
@@pachigalia839 Solo porque unos peruanos hayan sido enseñados así no constituye que todos los peruanos de manera general y definitivan tengan esa enseñanza.
Yo no puedo decir que por los 30 chilenos que me han puteado por ser peruano y tratado como basura humana por ser peruanos, todos los chilenos son así y por eso no lo hago, siempre va a haber situaciones que son claramente erroneas y aun asi no da razón ni excusa para generalizar.
El perú es un país muy grande con una gran cantidad de escuelas y población, no obstante te puedo asegurar que aquello que afirmas o se afirman en esos videos son cosas que probablemente sean anticuas o no esten a la par con lo que en las ultimas decadas se enseña
Hola , te puedo enviar fotografias de las Paginas de la Historia de Chile , Francisco A. Encina , explica espectacularmente la Guerra del Pacífico
Fun fact: The landlocked nation of Bolivia maintains a rather large navy in defiance of history's wrong turn. What does a navy in a landlocked country do with itself? It patrols the rivers and Lake Titicaca with small boats. It assists the army with naval infantry. It marches in parades, especially on 'Dia Del Mar'. And it sends out a crew on a rotational basis to a ship they have in Buenos Aires so that they can maintain their blue water experience. Most of all, they remain ready to retake possession of their corridor to the sea (from Chile) and, with it, their lost ports.
Yep, every night at the closure of the TV stations, they air first the national anthem then the Marcha al Litoral, a song calling the cities they lost and how they are going to retake them. As Chilean living in Bolivia and happily married there, I find it bonkers but anyways, we are free to dream. Hopefully one day, they will access the Pacific, but in a peaceful manner of course as we truly are brother nations.
At least they have access to the South Atlantic via the Paraguay and Parana rivers. Only problem is during really bad droughts and depending on the load, the river become hard to imposible to navigate.
@@ab9840 they also have access to Ilo Peru as the Lima government gave Bolivia access to the coast there. But alas Bolivia never invested there, preferring to use the dock infrastructure of Iquique and Arica instead. Even during the Bolivian Littoral days, the whole area was woefully underdeveloped with the Chilean founded and populated Antofagasta doing most of the economic activity there as well as the Peruvian ports of Arica serving whatever was Bolivia's sea interests then.
Soñar no cuesta nada, la realidad es otra.
U are awesome
😎👍
Great video! We probably need to talk more about the sacking of Lima and the Campaign of the Breña in chilean schools, we kind of overlook them as far as I recall. Or at leats it is intermingled with internal politics which makes it dull for teenagers.
One thing I would correct, though, is the outcome of the Iquique battle. We usually divide it in two engagements that happened in the area the same day, the naval engagement at the Iquique Bay propper and the combat of Punta Gruesa, which happened just a few miles off. In the first one the Chilean cobet Esmeralda was sunk by the ironclad Huascar, while in the latter a schooner named Covadonga managed to outmaneuver and run aground the Independencia, forcing the peruvian sailors to scuttle the ironclad.
All things considered, it was a fair exchange for Chile, and the last-stand defense of the crew of the Esmeralda served to arouse national spirits. But it was not the closing stage of the first chapter of the war, rather the start of the Maritime Campaign, which ended in the Battle of Angamos with the capture of the Huascar and the death of Captain Miguel Grau, after six months of keeping the chilean navy on its toes and unable to secure logistic lines at sea.
According to historian Gonzalo Bulnes: ""I can never estate enough the importance of the dominion of the sea which was conquered so ruthless and gloriously by our seamen. The War of the Pacific had been defined at Angamos.""
In my opinion, Perú managed to use its officials more effectively, which Grau being at the fray and Cáceres leading guerrilla forces in the mountains. The latter effectively cut off any chilean attempt to settle the conflict for the best part of 1883 and 1884. In between, General Juan Buendía scored an impressive victory by ambushing the chilean forces near the town of Tarapacá, by using intelligence and the urge for water that could only be obtained in that place.
On the other hand, chilean commanders seemed to focus a lot more on logistics and strategy, rather than tactics, biding their time and not rushing when possible, but giving decisive blows as in Arica. In the long run that approach payed off.
There were another 2 factors that gave chile such overwhelming victory. 1st the troops that engaged in the war not only were highly trained but had war experience since chile had an ongoing war in the Araucanía region with the mapuches. 2nd all the weapons used by the Chilean army were adapted to use the same ammunition wich gave them the edge not only in experience but in versatility.
Greetings from Chile
The battle of Iquique in May 1879 was lost, not won, by the Chileans. As a result, and for at least a time, that gave control of the seas to the Peruvian navy, not the other way around.
It was a tactical and strategic victory for Chile, we both lost a warship, they lost and old wooden corvette, we lost our best armored frigate.
Then we gain strategic initiative with Grau and the BAP Huascar for five months until the heroic defeat at the Battle of Angamos. Afterwards the Chilean Navy was able to land almost at will in the Peruvian Coast, save for Arica and Callao
I've heard it said that more battles are lost than won... You spend time scratching your head thinking "how does that work?" Then you start reading about them, and very many were lost because someone made a gamblers move that did not pay off, many more someone made a big oopsie, some times, lets just say breeding and arrogance too often put the wrong man in charge.
Mijnheer, de battle was half lost on the Chilean side, and half won on the Chilean side as well, as the Iquique battle was indeed 2 battles: the Iquique one and the Punta Gruesa one. We lost an old, wooden and almost decrepit corvette, commanded by our legendary Captain Prat, who became a galvanising figure for the Chileans. Meanwhile, Condell swept a most unlikely victory for us Chileans over Moore's Independencia, leaving Peruvians with only one, albeit it masterfully managed by Grau, outnumbered monitor. The final blow to the Peruvians came after the Battle of Angamos, where Perú lost its only effective vessel and its most capable admiral. Groetjes
Only the naval battle was lost
it depends if you count iquique and punta gruesa as the same battle. in the same day both peru lost one of their two best ships (independencia at punta gruesa) and chile won a charismatic martyr ( Prat at iquique)
Great summary, Stefan. No wonder the peoples from South America do not get along when they immigrate to Canada. What were the reasons given by the UN for allowing Chile to keep the former Bolivian territory? Thanks again.
The International Court of Justice in The Hage .
Saltpetre was of extreme importance because it’s an ingredient for gunpowder. Chile went to hell when the germans found a way to synthesize it.
Thank you for sharing!
Era la guerra del Guano. Caca de pájaro en grandes volúmenes
For years we were sold the story of Grau and knight of the seas, for writing a letter to Mrs. de Prat, but today I reflect and think, what a gentleman it is to spur a ship infinitely inferior like the emerald to the point of destruction and massacre its crew. There's nothing gentlemanly about him. The Huascar symbolizes Prat's sacrifice despite an enemy with superior weapons at that time and period. All the honor and credits to Prat and the crew, who preferred to fight, before surrendering. It is a good symbol for our generations, of how love for our land mobilizes some.
I lived in Peru I have went to that fort 2 once when I was living in Peru and going to school there since my family is from there and then 24 years after I gone back and done the tour of the fort once again
few of the main problems for peruvians in this war were:
1.- The Peruvian-Bolivian confederation, Perú in summary tried to help bolivia, but later on bolivia pretty much gave up and backed off the fight, while perú had to stay fighting (basically, bolivia wasnt really much help from the start and later left perú in the war alone)
2.-Corruption, during the years before the Pacific war Perú as a country was doing economically well, problem was Oligarchy and corruption, meaning that most of the money wasnt really spend in military stuff or things to help Perú defend itself, since they didnt contemplate going into war, they spend all the money of the guano in other things much less important, and as usual it was the rich that were mostly benefiting from it.
3.-Ignacio Prado, one of the presidents back then, took money from the country with the excuse that he was going to buy weapons, just to later on escape to chile.
4.- Perú as a country was divided back then (and still is till this day) because it is a centralized country, everything is focused on the capital and not the rest of the Provincias or "cities", not only that but back then (and till this day) people from the capital used to discriminate anyone who was not from the capital or didnt have money (because back then the capital was full with rich people basically)
5.- Lastly, Chile had support from england
Thanks for sharing your insights on this.
Chile mentioned 🎉
🇨🇱👍
Looks like you missed one thing in your summary. Argentina.
Please explain.
Thank you for the interest in this conflict. Your video relies heavily on the Peruvian historiography. You didn’t even mention a single Chilean hero of the war (and there are many!). A whole new video could be made with the Chilean version of the story.
Did you know that the initials of the names of the ships that participated in the Pacific War formed the name of Chile; Covadonga, Huáscar, Independencia, Lamar and Esmeralda?
Do not forget that in this war, Chile freed Asian slaves that Peru had, for the extraction of guano in the coastal area. Good documentary.
Thanks for watching.
also one curious data in this conflict is the very first war recorded "marines amphibian assault landing" happened in Pisagua 11/02/1879... where Chileans troops unload in the Pisagua beach to engage defending Bolivian-Peruvian forces This action marked the beginning of the Tarapacá Campaign, the first stage of the terrestrial phase of the War of the Pacific
Hey as a Chilean I love Peru no biggy.
Great👍
I would like to clarify that May 1879 was not the defeat of the Peruvian navy, since despite the loss of its flagship La Independencia, the Huascar continued to wreak havoc on Chilean coasts until October 8 of the same year where it was captured off the coast of Chile. to the coast of Angamos, a situation that delayed naval landing plans and caused more than one headache for the Escuadra Nacional
Errr... Chilean troops didnt sack the city, PERUVIAN DESERTERS sacked the city after they ran from battle to the point British, French and US marines had to be landed to restore order, and THEN Rufino Torrico the Mayor of Lima REQUESTED that the Chilean army enter the city to prevent further mischief.
Falso, no fue así.
@@oscarberolla9910 Estimado, en internet puedes encontrar la carta del alcalde de Lima pidiéndole a Baquedano que ocupe la ciudad que estaba siendo saqueada por el ejército peruano.
Que en tu escuelita te hayan mentido y culpado a los chilenus malus es tu problema.
LA carta del alcalde Torrico puede ser encontrada con facilidad en intenert, igual que los detalles de fuente peruana sobre los saqueos en Lima por parte de los desertores peruanos.
Así de fácil.
Like I said: both plundered.
@@HistoryHustle No, the Chilean army entered the city a full three days after the battle of Miraflores, in march formation, bands playing ahead of its regiments.
They didnt sack the city, they didnt plunder like the Peruvian deserters that sacked businesses, mainly Chinese-owned, and murdered their occupants until the deserters were killed or driven off by the foreign marines.
Of course, during the three year occupation, there were instances of Chilean soldiers stealing and robbing the locals, happens in every occupation, but that is a very far cry from taking, sacking and plundering a city hot after a battle.
You have to be careful with Peruvian sources, they are full of fairy tales.
And 155 years later, Peru and Bolivia are still BUTTHUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUURT about it.
Some of the people. Most don't care I think.
Some of the history books acknowledges that US served the British in blocking all the 7 naval ships Peru had recently bought from Holland and Portugal. Some of those ships, even thought they were paid off - were giving to other countries. Also, it is somewhat believed that Miguel Iglesias an Aristocrat in the Peru Armies had everything settled with the Chileans two years before the war ended. Understanding that at the rate of political internal disputes the war will not end up well for Peru, he was the one giving territories to the Chileans. This later on led to Caceres create the armed Revolution against Iglesias.
"Another" one "bites" the " dust"..."Instructor"...."again"....one more"great teaching"moment "!!
Im amazed by your interest in the last few months in south america history. Props. The beginnings of the NOT forgotten pacific war can be traced to chiles independence and beef among corporations and industrial revolution. Britain and the US where selling the technologies for war to the chilenos and the confederation. Business 101. Chile was intelligent enuff to train rhe army and making it prifessional after 1810 and hire many prussian officers. Chilean strategy was far more superior and use their resources well. Peruvian leadership along with the bolivian forces did not have the respect of their citizens. With the exception of the cit of iquique. Battery warfare was fierce on 21 mayo. The land campaign was very succesful for chile. Strategy paid and many soldiers flee after seing their first line being broken. The mail and telegrapghs from confederation higher ranks from lima where very explicit to hold the morale of soldiers and peasants. Also there are very interesting desert engagement among the three countries within their special forces. Where miners that got recruited cause their knowledge of the land and use of the corvo. The miners knife. Their missions where to sabotage trains of supply and break moral. Specially the glorious copiapo miners. The pacific war also set a comfortable stage for the US for allies against the germans with supplies and routes for the upcoming great wars.
Well done, except that the battle in Iquique, as somebody pointed before, Huáscar sent to the bottom if the sea la Esmeralda. Hours later, la Covadonga made surrender the peruvian La Unión. Interesting subject.
Are you Dutch. Lets have a coffee or beer in Amsterdam and talk about War history. I am Chilean Australian.
Cool. I am still in South America till the end of July.
In the mid1960s Bolivia declared war to retake these lands; there were more admirals on the Presidential balcony that day than at any time in their past.
Regarding the Library of Lima, it suffered a large fire in 1851. 75% of it collection was lost in that fire. It was still rebuilding its inventories when the war happened.
Before the arrival of the Chilean forces there were three days of peace. During those day many valuable items were removed by the library workers and hiden in monasteries and private houses.
So the first Chileans who arrived to it found it with half of it rooms empty.
The Chilean Army took some books to Chile. Not as loot, but as part of war reparation as it was the accepted way in the 19th century.
Those books ended up mainly in the Chilean national Library in Santiago. And about 10 years ago were sent back to Perú in good condition.
Thanks for sharing.
Thank you Stefan for the very interesting narration. Solid knowledge as always! I did my own research on the Pacific War myself.
I agree, that it was a pretty tragic chapter in the Peruvian history
cómo a bolivia le fue tan mal que quedaron en el título entre parentesis??
porque arrancaron los cagones, por eso Perú y Chile siempre se burlan de ellos, eso que fueron enemigos por mucho tiempo
Juan Fanning died leading an infantry charge with a Marine Batallion “Guardia Marina” and was able to pierce the Chilean line, unfortunately without support or reinforcements the 400 died valiantly and heroically, a Peruvian Thermopylae!
Sounds more like a Peruvian Balaclava
Guerra del salitre.
Si.
Es uno de sus nombres
First I've heard of it.
👍
The war is forgotten, nowadays all 3 countries are brothers, together, we hope someday unite all south america as a great country calling it Chile.
"Forgoten war of the Pacific"? In Chile, Peru and Bolivia we always remember this war, bc it one of the most important nautical war in out territorie. Maybe the rest of the worl doesn't know it, but belive me, we don't forget
En la Batalla de Arica no queda claro y no hay testimonios claros al respecto de que Ugarte se haya arrojado del Morro, eso ya es leyenda. El héroe de Arica por parte del Peru fue el Coronel Bolognesi, quien no abandonó su plaza sino que la defendió hasta el ultimo cartucho, una actitud valiente más aun cuando los refuerzos que esperaba nunca llegaron. Por Chile comandaba las fuerzas el Coronel Lagos.
What you say about coronel Ugarte riding his horse off the Morro of Arica is wrong. No doubt Ugarte was a brave soldier but it is a myth; have you ever tried to make a horse run with sth like a hood in its head? It's impossible to make it move!! I'm chilean, and I strongly believe that men who fought this war were all brave, but for those disgusting politicians on both sides who only persuited their own interest... as usual!!
I stand corrected.
I really enjoyed your video, though. Thanks for bringing this up to english public.
It was left unsaid that in peace talks between Chile and Peru, on an American frigate Lackawanna. The United States was interested in taking commercial advantage of the Nitrate and Guano. America for the Americans? That is why they defended that there was no territorial cession of Peru to Chile, to pay the costs of the war.
Thanks for sharing.
It's not forgotten at all, in Chile and Perú it is taught in highschool history classes
True but by western countries it is. Most of my audience comes from there.
I'd say this war changed both Chile and Perú forever, Chile obtained a lot of wealth and is today one of the most developed countries in the region thanks to the victory and Peruvians well imagine you are tought such a shameful event in the history of your country, that's why peruvians are very patriotic and like to show "pride" on their country.
Patriotism in Peru is more related to gastronomy , pre-incas and Incas Cultures, amazing beauty of nature, dancing, beauty of downtown of cities, etc. Heroes in the wars also have a part of tha patriotism, but it is not the main column.
Regarding the occupied provinces going back to Peru, its worth noting that the guano fields were no longer needed for industry in the 20th century
Thanks for sharing.
A few corrections and extra context:
1. In the Border Treaty of 1874 between Bolivia and Chile, Chile renounces it´s claims in the Antofagasta region under the conditon that the Chilean companies already there were safe from new taxes and tax increase for 20 years, in late 1878 President Daza ignored the treaty and stablished a new tax, Chile complained and when the companies refused to pay they were seized. Chile consider the treaty broken and null and send a military expedition to reclaim Antofagasta.
2 the naval combat of Iquique was a Peruvian vitory, with the Chilean corvette Esmeralda (the oldest Chilean warship) sunken in the bay by the Peruvian monitor Huascar, and the Peruvian armoured frigate Independencia (the strongest Peruvian warship) struck a reef while persuing the Chilean schooner Covadonga near Punta Gruesa, 20km south of Iquique bay. all of this happend in May 21st 1879 but are considered different battles. The last naval battle was Angamos in October 8th 1879, when the Chilean navy manage to capture the Huascar (who constantly raided Chilean supply lines and captured a Chilean steamer transporting a cavalry saquadron) and with that pretty much neutralized the Peruvian navy, limiting them to just carry supplies in Peruvian territories.
3 originaly Chile only occupied the Peruvian province of Tarapaca to help the national economy and bankrupt Peru but soon the political interests changed and Tarapaca was seen as a war goal to keep. Also Tacna and Arica were part of a plan to end the Peru Bolivian alliance, with Chile ceding both cities to Bolivia to compensate for their lost coast, Chile didn't succed, but Bolivia abandonded the war after the Chilean vitory at Tacna.
4 the violence from the Peruvians towards the Chinese was because several hundreds of Chinese coolies (workers who lived in semi slavery) joined to Chilean forces and asisted them as guides and in the camps.
5 The looting of Lima was, for the most part, organized. The Chilean goverment argued that it was their right to take "war contributions" from Peru to help maintain the army and the war. This included, but wasnt limited to, the library of Lima, the Zoo, steam engines, locomotives, etc. The massive looting, killings (even agains their own officers and other soldiers) and rapes commited by the Chilean troops was in the town of Chorrillos, south of Lima, right After that battle, days before the battle of Miraflores.
6 The goverment of Garcia Calderon, stablished in the demilitarized zone of La Magdalena, near Lima, refussed to cede Tarapaca as a condition for peace, in part because US Secretary of State James Blaine had been negotiating peace since before the Lima Campaing and favored a Chilean victory but without territorial changes, because it would affect American investments (there were also English and French investments) in the saltpeter and guano mines in the region. with the assassination of President Garfield Blaine was removed as Secretary of State and the US recognized Chile's right to annex Tarapaca.
7 Miguel Iglesias kept fighting the Chilean army under Andres Caceres until July 1882 when he defeted a Chilean column in the battle of San Pablo, but realized that they could never form an army strong enough to seriously oppose the Chilean army, that had a force of 20000 men in central Peru and a similar number in south Peru and Chile (for the Lima campaign, Chile had around 42000 men, with an Army of Operations ready for battle of 27000 men and the rest as garrison in Tacna, Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta and back in Chile. After the fall of Lima the Army of Operations was reduced to 10000 men and the rest were sent back to Chile and demovilized, but with the Peruvian resistance in the Andes several veteran regiments, and some new ones, were sent back to Peru) and that the continuation of the war would only hurt Peru. In August 1882 he made public his opinion that they had to accept defeat, even at the cost of losing Tarapaca. This motivated the last few campaings in 1883 to neutralize his political oponents, inluding Andres Caceres in the Battle of Huamachuco, and Lizardo Montero in the Arequica expedition.
There is a vast difference between the ways peruvians and chileans treated their defeated foes after a battle. It comes to mind that you get to know people better in difficult circumstances.
If you believe that the war of the pacific was forgotten, let me tell you about the "War of the Confederation 1837-1839". The war of the Pacific was the 2nd time Chile fought against Perú-Bolivia.
I understand.
@@HistoryHustle Sorry if the tone was a bit harsh, I meant my comment to be more like a quip, since not even Chileans remember that war.
thanks for the video, this war have always facinates me, but for another reason, there is no way in this times, a country will go to war to defend a private company (even if the sieze was illegal).... o wait, we still do it 😢. i guess people's life still doesnt worth much over welth
Thanks for watching.