@@thebelfastvikingmartinbrow3603 He has CC as of a day after posting. I have the opposite issue, I can't focus when people talk with no music. no one perfect compromise for everybody.
@@sarahbrower9239 would you ever go to a lecture with music on ? The point is that there is no need to have music on when you are talking as it is of putting
Wearing a mask all day made me realize the amount of time I incounciously try to hold stuff in my mouth to serve as a 3rd hand so I like the crafting theory
Literally the mouth and teeth are such an important tool and now during covid when I’m not wearing a mask I’ve started noticing how much I tend to use my mouth as a tool. Especially while sewing!
Interesting... I dont think I ever had the idea to put something in my mouth while wearing a mask, except trying to drink water. Probably because I find biting into stuff that is not food very uncomfortable (sensory issues). But the mask + trying not to cough and sniffle in public made me realise I actually have tics; when I suddenly developed new "weird habits" (i.e. tics) like grimacing and eye twitching when forced to suppress my old "weird habit" of sniffling and snorting loudly. Lol
@@SteinGauslaaStrindhaug I hope you don't have a hard time going back to a maskless life. ( because you might have to suppress these new habits due to like ☆*: .｡.social pressure.｡.:*☆ )
I was going to mention this as well , I vaguely remember someone telling me about taylors getting a hole between the teeth where they put their needle to keep it safe. As a sewer myself I often do this if I need both my hands when I have a needle and no pincush to hand
I have several small notches in one tooth from holding pins with my teeth when a pin cushion wasn’t near. After I noticed the notches, I got a pin cushion that goes on my wrist so I always have one at hand.
Many years ago my college roommates and I were watching the 1958 film "The Vikings" with Kirk Douglas. There is an extreme closeup on his character, Einar, where he smiles revealing a perfectly symmetrical and pearly white set of teeth. We immediately busted out laughing and ever since then refer to glow-in-the dark celebrity teeth as "Viking Teeth."
“Your teeth are going to go brown with the tannin in the soil in a matter of months” is an excellent, if odd, insult. A tad Monty Python esque too. Excellent video as always :)
My hubby mentioned that scribes would place their steel nibs in their mouths to clean them causing a very specific wear pattern (he's into all things fountain pen). This video is just exactly what I needed after a workday . Entertaining information, lots of smiles, and the Welsh alphabet, to boot. And yes, you're a sexy cat with just the right colour teeth. Thanks for another wonderful one. Take care of you.
Also, thank you for reciting the Welsh alphabet. I have to admit, that in my family we sometimes joke about that where Scandinavians grabbed all the vowels, all the Welsh were left with were double LLs and W... (we are a bit nerdy about languages and words...)
"No 'Q' in Welsh, we don't bother with 'Q's we've got a 'C' so what do you what do you need a 'Q' for?" Q really is an odd letter, it seems like most languages don't bother with it
Ah, the terror of my younger years, the knowledge that cutting a thread with your teeth shall eventually wear an indentation into it. The thought haunts me still whenever I can not find a pair of scissors.
I am HERE for the “my teeth are perfectly fine” rant! I’ve gotten so much flack because my teeth aren’t *perfectly* straight and white. Also, thank you for the Welsh alphabet lesson!
Welsh doesn't sound as hard as my grandparents always made it sound. i was scared off learning, then after they were gone I finally found resources to learn! Thank you for your willingness to share this language.
''Your gonna look like THIS when you die'' I just lost it LOL This channel always makes my day when it uploads, awesome historical content [I didn't know shit about the vikings before coming here] plus a few good laughs, keep up the good work!
I love learning about the most likely causes of archaeological finds. It helps ground the Vikings and is more fun imo than more “exciting” theories that are either misleading or unlikely.
I've done more damage to my teeth holding needles in my mouth than either my lip or tongue piercing, so I personally think the grooves are more likely to be caused by craft-related reasons. I do think it'd be absolutely rad if Viking-age Scandinavian peoples practiced piercing as body modification though
Yes, thread, needles, and pins have definitely had some effect on my teeth. Not bothering to find snips to cut yarn or thread, holding multiple pins and needles, and my breath, terrified i might inhale them all . . .
I started writing all the things I liked in the video but then I realized that what I really wanted to say is this: Thank you for giving us the most precious things anyone can give, aka your time and energy! Please know that It is very much appreciated! Take care of yourself and smile to show your wonderful teef !! 😁♥️
Great to see your comments about teeth whiteness! 😂 I have straight, pretty healthy teeth, but I'm really self conscious because they're somewhat yellow, even though I know it's natural!
The wear being on only a few people in each community does fit with it happening to some specialised craftspeople in the course of their work. It also makes sense that some of them had congenital bone defects that would have limited mobility. Even if you can't walk much, there are a lot of crafts you can do sitting down. If you only have good use of one arm or one hand, you'd be using your mouth as an extra hand more often. Maybe the damage stopped happening because of some kind of new invention, like a mouth guard to protect your teeth from knives, or a clamp to hold things so you don't have to use your teeth, or people started working more in pairs or groups so another person would hold it in their hand rather than you using your teeth. There being so much verity in the wear patterns makes me doubt that it was all from one craft that died out.
When you told off the "teeth bullies," I just cracked up; good for you! & interesting video. I wondered if some of the possible slaves with tooth modification could have come from non-Scandinavian cultures, and if researchers did any DNA analysis on them to find out.
Roll my r? Okay, this New Englander has some homework - I don't often even pronounce them! Thank you for such a fun and informative video. REALLY drew me in this week.
Jimmy I also had a baby tooth in the same spot until a couple of years ago it started causing me pain the dentist wouldn't pull it out so I wobbled it until I came out. I phoned my mum to ask her about the tooth fairy turns out she doesn't visit after the age of 10. The people who manage to hold onto their baby teeth clearly have the best teeth x loving all your recent content keep it up mate x
Hooray for healthy teeth with healthy enamel! First thing I thought when you said "methods" for getting the grooves... and I'm thinking tools in the mouth! Or skilled work based. I habitually use my mouth/tooth in very similar ways when crafting : )
Wear from a task makes more sense to me. For half a second I thought about malnutrition lines but duh Nem, lol those look completely different. Super interesting video!
My inclination is that it's from a repeated action, such as tightening a rope (or holding twist when joining multiple plys), or a warpstone knot, a blade strop, holding a hide taught when skinning, stripping pulp from flax, tension for net-making, opening shellfish, a woodworking tool slipping from someone holding it between their teeth for precision... and many, many more things that could cause something of that ilk. The different presentations actually supports this, similar to callus formation, shoe tread wear and how archers' scapula divided if they trained while their bones were forming; people all do tasks slightly differently, even if the method is roughly the same, and if repeated enough it is clear in the body, and the more it's done the more permanent a mark it makes. That it is present in different individuals of perhaps different social standing might indicate it's a task done by anyone, but maybe only a few in a settlement (like the mass british grave) at once, indicating maybe a semi-specialised or incredibly specific job, like your example of fletching. Occam's razor, lads; it's probably not that deep ;) Edit: imprecisely drawing back an arrow wearing rings might cause it? Or some other active task, when taught in a specific way?
Very good lesson in Welsh! That's exactly where I need to start. I've tried to find the beginners type videos and not so much to be found. Have to say that the sounds are mostly easy enough, but did feel like my tongue had more fun than intended!
I was wondering from the start if some of the marks had been made post-mortem. As for my teeth changing colour in the grave, that's unlikely as they are largely porcelain, amalgam, or gold. :) I didn't follow my mum's instruction to look after them when I was young so mostly they are the product of the NHS.
I like the way that the skull painting's eyes follow our lad around the room when he isn't looking. "What happened to your teeth, Olaf?" "I got smacked in the gob with a Francisca." "Oh, it is Axy Dental Damage."
I almost died laughing at the idea of an "eleeeeeeeeet Viking bone infection". Sounds like something all the Viking mums were fighting their teenage sons on "No Ragnar, you can't smash your leg and then rub goo into the bone sticking out!" "But MUuUM, Svein said it didn't hurt at all and his brother got those cool tooth markings." "Well, Svein's brother died, didn't he?" When it comes to the Welsh alphabet, the bloody double L does my head in, as does the Ch. Funnily enough both remind me of my utter failure to pronounce one of the r sounds in Arabic, which was far too guttural for me to manage.
At least you are trying other languages! I read an article that said that by about age six most people have developed the tongue placements and distinct sounds that make up their language. To tackle it as an adult is an amazing feat!
@@DawnOldham I grew up bilingual, so I have a certain advantage. I also had to have orthodontic treatment between the ages of 10 and 17, and had to relearn tongue placements once or twice in the process, thanks to the brace I had being in the way.
@@laulutar oh! That’s so interesting! Thank you for telling me. I always wished that I had been able to immerse myself in a culture to learn their language. I did very well in Spanish classes at school, but after four years, I could barely do anything practical with it!
@@DawnOldham I studied French at school for 10 years, starting when I was 8 years old. It still took two years of studying French at uni and the first half of my year abroad until I felt properly fluent in it. I spent the second half of my year abroad studying in Italy (as that was the other language I was studying) and most of my lecture notes were a really odd combination of French and my two native languages 😄😂
Teeth modification not a rabbit hole I was expecting, really interesting content. Having the skull artwork (it's very good) in the background put me in mind of Nightmare, just with a more sober and less exasperated host.
i remember watching a crusades doc where the archers had teeth wear from bowstrings apparently. it was a templar castle that was sack, before they could finish the build but the inhabitance were all killed thrown in a pit with pigs. the guys with corresponding malformations of the back and arms from using a bow and the wear on there teeth.
@@TheWelshViking ua-cam.com/video/ixQKNsnMzm8/v-deo.html&ab_channel=ReubenHailey here it is bud about 32 mins in they talk about the archer teeth wear. this version isn't as in-depth as the one i watched on history channel i think 2011 . it was a national geographic production.
Exactly. I had always considered it to be happenstance. Similar to wear from clay pipes seen in 17thC and 18thC teeth. Or from a lifetime of unwashed veggies. Perhaps limited to some sort of craftsman working in wire? Not someone washing regularly, dressing well, and thinking "I should intentionally grind lines in my teeth! It would look fearsome, if I let the enemy get close enough to inspect them."
it's a fast, short O in Gottland, like in the word "gone", not "Goat"-land my friend. Double(or more) consonants in Swedish, most of the time, means the preceding vowel is "short" or "quick" sounding (edit) The grammtics are correct, but my spelling sucks only one T in Gotland (not so tasty land then)
Hello, and Thank You so much! Wear patterns on teeth are fascinating, as are the wear patterns on the bone from certain occupations. My Dad's hands are an example, he worked in labor his whole life. His hands are huge. He started out as a concrete worker for his brother, then went on to work in a meat processing plant. His hands in his late 80's are still remarkably strong. My teeth will have weird wear patterns for a future archaeologist. Starting with an accident as a child with a chipped tooth that is now worn remarkably compared to the others, to the fact that I often put needles from knitting and other fiber arts in my mouth while I am working on a project. Even working on certain cords has taken it's toll. Add to that the fact that I was born left handed, and forced into being right handed, Im sure the bones of my hands will be interesting to someone some day. Still have plans in the making for a traditional pre-historical loom, as well as the nahlbinding. Am hoping to get the tools made before Summer's end. I'm still waiting for the new growth to start so I can start carving the needles I need for the nahlbinding. I do have a question though. Is there any archaeological evidence of the Norse taking on and using new tech from the peoples they visited. I know that they adopted Christianity early, however, I'm interested in tech from everyday life as used by the women. Thank You for all you do. Hugs from Minnesota, USA.
This is such an interesting video (including the rants) and I always love your editing as well. Your videos are always so fascinating with cool objects referenced and good research and all, and you've got such an amazing sense of humor that's really enjoyable. And! I like that there's more teaching-of-Welsh, too.
When I first heard of the teeth grooves I immediately thought of leather working of some kind, possibly construction of the ship's sails since men didn't usually sew or weave. If it was a warrior thing, sharpening them to pointy bite-y daggers makes more sense, just for intimidation purposes if nothing else. There's nothing wrong with your teeth, they look straight & healthy & a perfectly acceptable color. Teeth bleaching can make your teeth sensitive & weaken the enamel. It's not really good for them.
My ex had grooves on the lower edges of his two front teeth from biting open sunflower seeds, so using your teeth as a tool is a very good theory for these!
Another interesting - and somewhat dark at times - video! Thank you. Gottland is pronounced got - l-ah-nd, ("got" as in I've got perfect dental hygiene).
I stayed in Bangor, Wales, for an exchange semester and heard a lot of Welsh around the country side. There I realized that Welsh sounds a bit like Swiss German, my native language. They have basically nothing to do with each other word wise and for example the ll or dd sounds don’t exist in Swiss German. But the CH makes up for it tenfold. First time ever hearing anyone pronouncing such a strong CH sound other than Swiss people.
Language is a really interesting topic, in Germany we have three different ch-sounds and it's really funny to hear people discuss about the right sound
Thank you for another informative video. Really great to see the images of the different wear patterns together. Thank you especially for alphabet tutorial and for showing the physicality of the pronunciation. For myself, after years of childhood speech therapy, showing the physical movements necessary to create the sounds is very helpful - makes them easier to mimic! Ironically, it was mouth/teeth injuries that necessitated the therapy. P.S. - keep smiling (it’s infectious) and do get some rest.
Jeweled teeth made their way into modern day with grillz and such. It's cool to see how old of a practice of teeth decoration is. Sharpening teeth looks pretty badass lol.
As an offshoot of the 'teeth as tools' hypothesis- it might be that the tooth filings were deliberate acts of body-modification, but were an attempt by the people they belonged to to make them better tools- maybe they were deliberately sharpening their teeth to make them better at cutting through tough materials? This could potentially be beneficial to people working with tough fibres or perhaps leather- they could hold on to the object they were working with with both hands, or pull a knot tight, and more easily bite off a loose end. Even if it wasn't super-effective, it might become something people did to show their dedication to a particular trade, or because they'd heard a rumour that it worked and wanted to try it. Just a thought.
I have no idea why but this video in particular i like, maybe it's because you seem tired as hell or maybe it's because the way you pronounce all your syllables making your voice sound soothing and calming or maybe its because it has a long run time. Whatever which way it is, great video Jimmy
People who regularly smoke a tobacco pipe will end up with a very distinctive groove or notch in their front teeth. This has been found in burials from the 1600s in England of scottish soldiers. Don't remember any further details
What about the habit that some people that wear necklaces have of putting their chain in their mouth and run the pendant across their teeth as a way of fidgeting with their jewelry?
11:30 My mom tends to hold her sewing pins and needles in her teeth i do it do, she said she learned it from her mother, But both of us have a cute groove in our front teeth but not the same place as them old bones though..
The idea that someone would do that on purpose makes my teeth ache😅 Also thanks for the alphabet, that's super handy😃 I'd suggest also uploading it separately for all of UA-cam to find more easily but that's up to you ofc. I'll probably be coming back to it a few times😊 And the Ch sound is actually the same in Dutch for g/ch (in the northern part at least, the south makes it softer, slowly transitioning into a more French sound). It's always fun to see people struggle with it😜
Ah, my linguist heart thrills at the alphabet lesson! Yes, lateral alveolar fricative is the LL, which also appears in Nahuatl (Aztec) and Kaqchikel Maya (although only when the L is at the end of the word) (and other languages of course but my knowledge is limited). I am, however, unspeakably envious of the REGULAR SPELLING SYSTEM TT_TT because I specialize in a 1500-year-old logosyllabic writing system that does not play nice with phonetics
Oh, I didn't know it was in Nahuatl, too! I just knew about Welsh and Yurok (I learned some in high school, and my teacher has a UA-cam channel if you want to learn some: ua-cam.com/channels/tBz5NPzaDtAo94CyrHZA_Q.html). Yurok is also neat for spelling, as it's spelled phonetically in the Latin alphabet, but also apostrophes are glottal stops and usually everything's written with a hyphen between syllables (so like ree-ko-ret, kweys-cheen, ne-pe'-weesh-neg, etc). If you want to learn more, there's also a dictionary from U. C. Berkeley: linguistics.berkeley.edu/~yurok/index.php
Tool use/crafting seems the most likely to me. If it were lip piercings, I'd imagine there'd be some sort of remnants found unless their piercings were all fancy enough to steal.
Tooth rant 🤣🤣🤣🤣. I feel the same way, not having perfectly white teeth is natural. Same thing goes for not having a six pack. Except of the beer variety! 🍺
My Indian friend has beautiful natural white teeth. She uses neem to brush her teeth. In India they don't add Floride to tooth paste or water which can discolor teeth.
Thanks for the pronunciation guide. I think we've all read a translated book and puzzled over the page of pronunciation (the mabinogion, kalevala etc) without much luck. So much easier to be able to hear it.
Visiting some of your episodes one year later. I appreciate the researched review of the whys and whats of teeth and modifications. And your teeth are perfectly fine. Rant accepted.
Could it be some kind of technology change; like knitting becoming more popular than nålebinding at some point, that made the teeth marks disappear? (Doubt that nålebinding is the cause though) Like some tool were invented or imported around the time the marks disappeared, that made holding something with your teeth no longer necessary?
I generally don't comment on people's appearances because it's irrelevant and also none of my business. But since you brought it up... I appreciate when UA-camrs/influencers don't whiten their teeth. I like when people look "relatable" as in "this is just another human being doing their thing". It makes me feel like I could do that same thing. And I guess that's something I love about your channel: you make stuff (reenactment, UA-cam, history etc) feel accessible and like it is for everyone. (You've even inspired me to start making the viking outfit I've been dreaming of since I was 12.)
Someone probably already said it, it is pronounced Gotland with a fast "o" so you were almost correct. More like the o in lot than goat. And just for funsis, In Swedish "i" is pronounced like in bee. So Birka is kinda like saying "bee rka".
Seeing crazy wear marks on human teeth, especially incisors, isn't that weird, because humans do use their teeth as tools and tool use is often very repetitive. So, especially when you're dealing with people who may have had weakened enamel due to nutrient-deficient diets, teeth can end up carrying all sorts of interesting damage. What's more fascinating is seeing those marks go from being relatively common to extremely uncommon within basically the same culture. If I had to take a guess, because there's so much variation in the wear we see and the owners of the teeth in question, that this isn't happening from any one particular craft or method of crafting. I think there were just a bunch of people across a variety of trades who were in the habit of using their mouth as an extra hand. The disappearance could be a result of tools being more widely available across the board, so craftsmen weren't struggling as much to keep their projects secure... but it could be the result of something mind-bogglingly stupid, like maybe over time crafting became a more social activity, so craftsmen were talking too much to use their mouths for other things. Or maybe cultural norms about having non-food-items in your mouth changed. Or maybe dietary changes left people with stronger teeth. Or maybe people just caught on to the fact that teeth can get damaged this way and they took that knowledge very seriously because they lived in a time where having bad teeth was likely to kill you. The thing is that while we may some day have enough data to track these types of correlations, it will probably always be impossible to prove causation and that's why I decided not to specialize in archeology.
i really like the idea of a lip piercing doing that but i beleive that had it been the case we would have found at least one person burried with their jewelry and it would have probably appeared at some point amongst higher classes or been represented in iconography for some reason, the fact that we havent found any jewelry of that kind yet, plus the fact that it's only found amongst working classes would go along your hypothesis that it's work related chaffing tartar buildup would appear if the person left the specific job that would give them the indent maybe it originally happened amongst a certain group of workers and after awhile it would be an attribute of that job and for some reason it'd have become a "fahsion statement "
Sewing in the car was a terrible idea. I hold my needles between my lips when I don't have a pin cushion. We went over a speed bump and I chipped two teeth on a darning needle.
On the Welsh alphabet: Wow! Wouldn’t that have made home schooling my five children simpler! A truly phonetic language! Somehow we manage to teach our children all of the “irregular verbs” (which occur so regularly as to seem fairly regular. LOL) But the Welsh language, besides being beautiful to listen to, is also VERY straight forward. Thank you for teaching that! PS LOOK AT YOU! About to hit 20,000 subs! An early and confident congratulations! 🥳🥳
Omg Jimmy, I love your rants, they always keep things lively. :D Honestly though, the engravings were probably just a fashion trend that never really caught on completely or with the masses, lol. Or..... what if they were markings that some got as a ... souvenir...? Like when one us visits another country, we buy souvenirs, lol. Anyway, that would likely still be classed as a trend. Just something to think about. After all, it wasn't just the warriors who went on the voyages.
4:45 The Island of Gotland is 'got' as in 'hot' with a doubled 't' (IPA: /ˈɡɔtːland/ ). Not to be confused with the region of Geatland/Götaland - which is 'yerta', or like 'yet' with rounded lips (IPA: /ˈjøːtaˌland/)
I'm still working on matching the Welsh alphabet and its pronunciation in my brain. If you could, at some point, consider editing your auto-captions at the end when you speak in Welsh so they are correct, it would be super helpful to see the words you are saying to match them to your pronunciation. About all I can recognize on my own is "diolch" which, fitting! Diolch, sir, for your excellent video once again.
@@TheWelshViking Diolch! Luckily the auto CCs are pretty good for you minus proper names and other languages. But I don't envy you that task! I will, however, greatly appreciate you doing it. ;-)
Yay, Spike Milligan reference, that poem (Teeth) used to be one of my party pieces when I was very young, long before you were born, however did you come across Spike? Funnily enough I'm missing the same adult tooth as you, but on the other side, The adult teeth either side pushed the baby tooth so far into my jaw that the baby tooth eventually had to be cut out. (Something to look forward to!)
Just to that theory of grooving teeth as some kind of Thrallmark or criminal identification. In modern German there is a term that has survived to this day originating somewhere in the middle ages, "Schlitzohr" , meaning Slit Ear. This comes from an old form of punishment for lesser crimes like petty theft in which the a cut through the cartilage of the ear would be given so that even when it healed the person would be easily recognized as a scoundral, trickster, or thief. I think that if one Germanic people came to such a simple solution for crime or status than it is logical the others did too. Not some cryptic "Show me yer teeth boy!" nonsense. By the way, "schlitzohr" is still used in many parts of Germany today to denote a clever or tricky person. love your channel keep up the good work and stay healthy.
Sorry for the slight sound issues. Not sure if it's the processing on YT, but it wasn't like that when I test watched and my mic is fine! :S
Up about 5hrs, still a little hinky, but handily you're still easily lipread. ;)
Why do you feel the need for music when you are talking it's very of putting as I have hearing problems and the music is over your speaking
@@thebelfastvikingmartinbrow3603 agreed.
@@thebelfastvikingmartinbrow3603 He has CC as of a day after posting. I have the opposite issue, I can't focus when people talk with no music. no one perfect compromise for everybody.
@@sarahbrower9239 would you ever go to a lecture with music on ? The point is that there is no need to have music on when you are talking as it is of putting
Wearing a mask all day made me realize the amount of time I incounciously try to hold stuff in my mouth to serve as a 3rd hand so I like the crafting theory
Literally the mouth and teeth are such an important tool and now during covid when I’m not wearing a mask I’ve started noticing how much I tend to use my mouth as a tool. Especially while sewing!
Interesting... I dont think I ever had the idea to put something in my mouth while wearing a mask, except trying to drink water. Probably because I find biting into stuff that is not food very uncomfortable (sensory issues). But the mask + trying not to cough and sniffle in public made me realise I actually have tics; when I suddenly developed new "weird habits" (i.e. tics) like grimacing and eye twitching when forced to suppress my old "weird habit" of sniffling and snorting loudly. Lol
@@SteinGauslaaStrindhaug I hope you don't have a hard time going back to a maskless life. ( because you might have to suppress these new habits due to like ☆*: .｡.social pressure.｡.:*☆ )
If you sew, and constantly bite the thread to cut it, you will end up with a notch in your tooth. It absolutely can happen from crafts.
I was going to mention this as well , I vaguely remember someone telling me about taylors getting a hole between the teeth where they put their needle to keep it safe. As a sewer myself I often do this if I need both my hands when I have a needle and no pincush to hand
I have a tiny chip inbetween my front teeth from pins and me yanking my needle with it because I couldnt get it through. Would not recommend
@@HosCreates yep I chipped my front tooth trying to undo a knot in a rope. Regretted that pretty fast.
I have several small notches in one tooth from holding pins with my teeth when a pin cushion wasn’t near. After I noticed the notches, I got a pin cushion that goes on my wrist so I always have one at hand.
Yep. Can confirm.
You can also absolutely deform your fingernails in similar manner. 😣
Many years ago my college roommates and I were watching the 1958 film "The Vikings" with Kirk Douglas. There is an extreme closeup on his character, Einar, where he smiles revealing a perfectly symmetrical and pearly white set of teeth. We immediately busted out laughing and ever since then refer to glow-in-the dark celebrity teeth as "Viking Teeth."
Living for the rant on how teeth aren't white!
You can pry my staining tea and coffee from my cold dead hands
“Your teeth are going to go brown with the tannin in the soil in a matter of months” is an excellent, if odd, insult. A tad Monty Python esque too. Excellent video as always :)
Thank you so much! Yes, mother=hamster etc!
I picture this line being delivered by a Bond villain.
My hubby mentioned that scribes would place their steel nibs in their mouths to clean them causing a very specific wear pattern (he's into all things fountain pen). This video is just exactly what I needed after a workday . Entertaining information, lots of smiles, and the Welsh alphabet, to boot. And yes, you're a sexy cat with just the right colour teeth. Thanks for another wonderful one. Take care of you.
Also, thank you for reciting the Welsh alphabet. I have to admit, that in my family we sometimes joke about that where Scandinavians grabbed all the vowels, all the Welsh were left with were double LLs and W... (we are a bit nerdy about languages and words...)
"No 'Q' in Welsh, we don't bother with 'Q's we've got a 'C' so what do you what do you need a 'Q' for?"
Q really is an odd letter, it seems like most languages don't bother with it
You need a Q to supply you with gadgets if you’re a top British super spy.
😜
It’s because we really need the letter U and U is co-dependent on Q.
¿Que? Quoi? Quid est?
So, the tooth wear could be acci-dental? 😁 I'll see myself out.....
this joke actually made me laugh so hard. Thank you so much for that
If they're Vikings, it could also be axe-i-dental
@@goatloops No worries 😁
@@TimHornerWOP Dang, that's a good one!
Ah, the terror of my younger years, the knowledge that cutting a thread with your teeth shall eventually wear an indentation into it. The thought haunts me still whenever I can not find a pair of scissors.
I am HERE for the “my teeth are perfectly fine” rant! I’ve gotten so much flack because my teeth aren’t *perfectly* straight and white. Also, thank you for the Welsh alphabet lesson!
Welsh doesn't sound as hard as my grandparents always made it sound. i was scared off learning, then after they were gone I finally found resources to learn! Thank you for your willingness to share this language.
''Your gonna look like THIS when you die'' I just lost it LOL This channel always makes my day when it uploads, awesome historical content [I didn't know shit about the vikings before coming here] plus a few good laughs, keep up the good work!
You're
I love learning about the most likely causes of archaeological finds. It helps ground the Vikings and is more fun imo than more “exciting” theories that are either misleading or unlikely.
"Drink as much tea as you want"
*raises mug saying 'Jimmy's Coffee* to his lips*
I've done more damage to my teeth holding needles in my mouth than either my lip or tongue piercing, so I personally think the grooves are more likely to be caused by craft-related reasons. I do think it'd be absolutely rad if Viking-age Scandinavian peoples practiced piercing as body modification though
Yes, thread, needles, and pins have definitely had some effect on my teeth. Not bothering to find snips to cut yarn or thread, holding multiple pins and needles, and my breath, terrified i might inhale them all . . .
I started writing all the things I liked in the video but then I realized that what I really wanted to say is this:
Thank you for giving us the most precious things anyone can give, aka your time and energy! Please know that It is very much appreciated! Take care of yourself and smile to show your wonderful teef !! 😁♥️
Great to see your comments about teeth whiteness! 😂 I have straight, pretty healthy teeth, but I'm really self conscious because they're somewhat yellow, even though I know it's natural!
The wear being on only a few people in each community does fit with it happening to some specialised craftspeople in the course of their work. It also makes sense that some of them had congenital bone defects that would have limited mobility. Even if you can't walk much, there are a lot of crafts you can do sitting down. If you only have good use of one arm or one hand, you'd be using your mouth as an extra hand more often.
Maybe the damage stopped happening because of some kind of new invention, like a mouth guard to protect your teeth from knives, or a clamp to hold things so you don't have to use your teeth, or people started working more in pairs or groups so another person would hold it in their hand rather than you using your teeth.
There being so much verity in the wear patterns makes me doubt that it was all from one craft that died out.
This.
When you told off the "teeth bullies," I just cracked up; good for you! & interesting video. I wondered if some of the possible slaves with tooth modification could have come from non-Scandinavian cultures, and if researchers did any DNA analysis on them to find out.
Roll my r? Okay, this New Englander has some homework - I don't often even pronounce them! Thank you for such a fun and informative video. REALLY drew me in this week.
Jimmy I also had a baby tooth in the same spot until a couple of years ago it started causing me pain the dentist wouldn't pull it out so I wobbled it until I came out. I phoned my mum to ask her about the tooth fairy turns out she doesn't visit after the age of 10. The people who manage to hold onto their baby teeth clearly have the best teeth x loving all your recent content keep it up mate x
Did you have an adult tooth come out after or did the baby tooth not come out because there wasn't an adult tooth under it?
@@felixc543 for me it didn't have an adult tooth underneath it that's why it didnt come out
Hooray for healthy teeth with healthy enamel!
First thing I thought when you said "methods" for getting the grooves... and I'm thinking tools in the mouth! Or skilled work based. I habitually use my mouth/tooth in very similar ways when crafting : )
Learn something new everyday. Today I learnt the secret to the Welsh alphabet is be an angry cat. Got it.
Wear from a task makes more sense to me. For half a second I thought about malnutrition lines but duh Nem, lol those look completely different. Super interesting video!
My inclination is that it's from a repeated action, such as tightening a rope (or holding twist when joining multiple plys), or a warpstone knot, a blade strop, holding a hide taught when skinning, stripping pulp from flax, tension for net-making, opening shellfish, a woodworking tool slipping from someone holding it between their teeth for precision... and many, many more things that could cause something of that ilk. The different presentations actually supports this, similar to callus formation, shoe tread wear and how archers' scapula divided if they trained while their bones were forming; people all do tasks slightly differently, even if the method is roughly the same, and if repeated enough it is clear in the body, and the more it's done the more permanent a mark it makes. That it is present in different individuals of perhaps different social standing might indicate it's a task done by anyone, but maybe only a few in a settlement (like the mass british grave) at once, indicating maybe a semi-specialised or incredibly specific job, like your example of fletching. Occam's razor, lads; it's probably not that deep ;)
Edit: imprecisely drawing back an arrow wearing rings might cause it? Or some other active task, when taught in a specific way?
Very good lesson in Welsh! That's exactly where I need to start. I've tried to find the beginners type videos and not so much to be found. Have to say that the sounds are mostly easy enough, but did feel like my tongue had more fun than intended!
Oh, it's a work out at first for sure!
my chipped tooth was totally from making some epic Viking tool by hand and not laughing too hard and smashing it into a bear bottle...
Bottled bears sounds pretty tough all the same...
I actually chipped a tooth in the process of making a viking era round shield
finally some info we can get our teeth into
I was wondering from the start if some of the marks had been made post-mortem.
As for my teeth changing colour in the grave, that's unlikely as they are largely porcelain, amalgam, or gold. :) I didn't follow my mum's instruction to look after them when I was young so mostly they are the product of the NHS.
This week's video is fecking hilarious, but you seriously need some sleep.
I like the way that the skull painting's eyes follow our lad around the room when he isn't looking.
"What happened to your teeth, Olaf?"
"I got smacked in the gob with a Francisca."
"Oh, it is Axy Dental Damage."
I almost died laughing at the idea of an "eleeeeeeeeet Viking bone infection". Sounds like something all the Viking mums were fighting their teenage sons on "No Ragnar, you can't smash your leg and then rub goo into the bone sticking out!" "But MUuUM, Svein said it didn't hurt at all and his brother got those cool tooth markings." "Well, Svein's brother died, didn't he?"
When it comes to the Welsh alphabet, the bloody double L does my head in, as does the Ch. Funnily enough both remind me of my utter failure to pronounce one of the r sounds in Arabic, which was far too guttural for me to manage.
At least you are trying other languages! I read an article that said that by about age six most people have developed the tongue placements and distinct sounds that make up their language. To tackle it as an adult is an amazing feat!
@@DawnOldham I grew up bilingual, so I have a certain advantage. I also had to have orthodontic treatment between the ages of 10 and 17, and had to relearn tongue placements once or twice in the process, thanks to the brace I had being in the way.
@@laulutar oh! That’s so interesting! Thank you for telling me. I always wished that I had been able to immerse myself in a culture to learn their language. I did very well in Spanish classes at school, but after four years, I could barely do anything practical with it!
@@DawnOldham I studied French at school for 10 years, starting when I was 8 years old. It still took two years of studying French at uni and the first half of my year abroad until I felt properly fluent in it. I spent the second half of my year abroad studying in Italy (as that was the other language I was studying) and most of my lecture notes were a really odd combination of French and my two native languages 😄😂
Teeth modification not a rabbit hole I was expecting, really interesting content. Having the skull artwork (it's very good) in the background put me in mind of Nightmare, just with a more sober and less exasperated host.
Haha! I once did an acting gig with one of the cast! This comment has won Monday!
i remember watching a crusades doc where the archers had teeth wear from bowstrings apparently. it was a templar castle that was sack, before they could finish the build but the inhabitance were all killed thrown in a pit with pigs. the guys with corresponding malformations of the back and arms from using a bow and the wear on there teeth.
That's really interesting, thanks for that! Another rabbit hole to dive down
@@TheWelshViking ua-cam.com/video/ixQKNsnMzm8/v-deo.html&ab_channel=ReubenHailey here it is bud about 32 mins in they talk about the archer teeth wear. this version isn't as in-depth as the one i watched on history channel i think 2011 . it was a national geographic production.
Exactly. I had always considered it to be happenstance. Similar to wear from clay pipes seen in 17thC and 18thC teeth. Or from a lifetime of unwashed veggies. Perhaps limited to some sort of craftsman working in wire?
Not someone washing regularly, dressing well, and thinking "I should intentionally grind lines in my teeth! It would look fearsome, if I let the enemy get close enough to inspect them."
it's a fast, short O in Gottland, like in the word "gone", not "Goat"-land my friend. Double(or more) consonants in Swedish, most of the time, means the preceding vowel is "short" or "quick" sounding
(edit) The grammtics are correct, but my spelling sucks only one T in Gotland (not so tasty land then)
Fast and short o yes, like the welsh o 😊 but Gotland is actually spelled with one t 😉
Same in Dutch :)
You're right about the pronounciation, but it's Gotland, not Gottland.
@@annagidlund5699 right you are, dumb mistake on my part hehe
@@spaceship505 Interesting
Hello, and Thank You so much! Wear patterns on teeth are fascinating, as are the wear patterns on the bone from certain occupations.
My Dad's hands are an example, he worked in labor his whole life. His hands are huge. He started out as a concrete worker for his brother, then went on to work in a meat processing plant. His hands in his late 80's are still remarkably strong.
My teeth will have weird wear patterns for a future archaeologist. Starting with an accident as a child with a chipped tooth that is now worn remarkably compared to the others, to the fact that I often put needles from knitting and other fiber arts in my mouth while I am working on a project. Even working on certain cords has taken it's toll.
Add to that the fact that I was born left handed, and forced into being right handed, Im sure the bones of my hands will be interesting to someone some day.
Still have plans in the making for a traditional pre-historical loom, as well as the nahlbinding. Am hoping to get the tools made before Summer's end. I'm still waiting for the new growth to start so I can start carving the needles I need for the nahlbinding.
I do have a question though. Is there any archaeological evidence of the Norse taking on and using new tech from the peoples they visited. I know that they adopted Christianity early, however, I'm interested in tech from everyday life as used by the women.
Thank You for all you do. Hugs from Minnesota, USA.
This is such an interesting video (including the rants) and I always love your editing as well. Your videos are always so fascinating with cool objects referenced and good research and all, and you've got such an amazing sense of humor that's really enjoyable. And! I like that there's more teaching-of-Welsh, too.
Great job on being a charming ambassador for the Welsh culture.
When I first heard of the teeth grooves I immediately thought of leather working of some kind, possibly construction of the ship's sails since men didn't usually sew or weave. If it was a warrior thing, sharpening them to pointy bite-y daggers makes more sense, just for intimidation purposes if nothing else.
There's nothing wrong with your teeth, they look straight & healthy & a perfectly acceptable color. Teeth bleaching can make your teeth sensitive & weaken the enamel. It's not really good for them.
My ex had grooves on the lower edges of his two front teeth from biting open sunflower seeds, so using your teeth as a tool is a very good theory for these!
Me trying to do the Ll and my cat looks over at me like, "What?!"
Another interesting - and somewhat dark at times - video! Thank you. Gottland is pronounced got - l-ah-nd, ("got" as in I've got perfect dental hygiene).
People are weird. Why are they looking at your teeth anyway? Love the sass, though. This was a great video and thank you for the Welsh alphabet.
I stayed in Bangor, Wales, for an exchange semester and heard a lot of Welsh around the country side. There I realized that Welsh sounds a bit like Swiss German, my native language. They have basically nothing to do with each other word wise and for example the ll or dd sounds don’t exist in Swiss German. But the CH makes up for it tenfold. First time ever hearing anyone pronouncing such a strong CH sound other than Swiss people.
I was super surprised to hear the Ll sound in a Swahili song, it was unmistakable. Pretty cool.
Toothless the Toothless Skull
Until the movie adaptation when the teeth just become retractable or something
@@Th3GreenMachine How do I unsee a comment?
Who is being mean at our Viking bean?! *gets Molotovs ready*
I love the editing of your videos. It's always so funny, that bit of Gollum made LOL for real haha.
Language is a really interesting topic, in Germany we have three different ch-sounds and it's really funny to hear people discuss about the right sound
Thank you for another informative video. Really great to see the images of the different wear patterns together. Thank you especially for alphabet tutorial and for showing the physicality of the pronunciation. For myself, after years of childhood speech therapy, showing the physical movements necessary to create the sounds is very helpful - makes them easier to mimic! Ironically, it was mouth/teeth injuries that necessitated the therapy.
P.S. - keep smiling (it’s infectious) and do get some rest.
Jeweled teeth made their way into modern day with grillz and such. It's cool to see how old of a practice of teeth decoration is. Sharpening teeth looks pretty badass lol.
I find it helpful when you write out the welsh on the screen, I think it helps me get the hang of how the alphabet works.
As an offshoot of the 'teeth as tools' hypothesis- it might be that the tooth filings were deliberate acts of body-modification, but were an attempt by the people they belonged to to make them better tools- maybe they were deliberately sharpening their teeth to make them better at cutting through tough materials? This could potentially be beneficial to people working with tough fibres or perhaps leather- they could hold on to the object they were working with with both hands, or pull a knot tight, and more easily bite off a loose end. Even if it wasn't super-effective, it might become something people did to show their dedication to a particular trade, or because they'd heard a rumour that it worked and wanted to try it. Just a thought.
I have no idea why but this video in particular i like, maybe it's because you seem tired as hell or maybe it's because the way you pronounce all your syllables making your voice sound soothing and calming or maybe its because it has a long run time. Whatever which way it is, great video Jimmy
There was also evidence of trauma discovered in my childhood
Filing someones teeth would be an excellent way to get information out of someone.
Oh wow yeah
Oh, and you nailed the pronunciation of Gotland the first time. ('Got' is pronounced the same way as 'got', "I *got* a ticket to Gotland".)
I see you speculations and I raise you one more: MUSICIANS! Think fiddler's neck but for your front teeth.
I like it! I like it a lot!
I vote musicians also. Look at the jaw harp and the damage to teeth it causes.
People who regularly smoke a tobacco pipe will end up with a very distinctive groove or notch in their front teeth. This has been found in burials from the 1600s in England of scottish soldiers. Don't remember any further details
I really like watching your videos because you break down all my fantasies about vikings (ironically). Wonderful!!!
Yes, about the teeth. Thanks for the 'rant'. Spot on.
What about the habit that some people that wear necklaces have of putting their chain in their mouth and run the pendant across their teeth as a way of fidgeting with their jewelry?
11:30 My mom tends to hold her sewing pins and needles in her teeth i do it do, she said she learned it from her mother,
But both of us have a cute groove in our front teeth but not the same place as them old bones though..
Awesome - another fascinating video - also thank you for the SaySomthing Welsh link - am on day 3!!
The idea that someone would do that on purpose makes my teeth ache😅
Also thanks for the alphabet, that's super handy😃 I'd suggest also uploading it separately for all of UA-cam to find more easily but that's up to you ofc. I'll probably be coming back to it a few times😊
And the Ch sound is actually the same in Dutch for g/ch (in the northern part at least, the south makes it softer, slowly transitioning into a more French sound). It's always fun to see people struggle with it😜
Ah, my linguist heart thrills at the alphabet lesson! Yes, lateral alveolar fricative is the LL, which also appears in Nahuatl (Aztec) and Kaqchikel Maya (although only when the L is at the end of the word) (and other languages of course but my knowledge is limited). I am, however, unspeakably envious of the REGULAR SPELLING SYSTEM TT_TT because I specialize in a 1500-year-old logosyllabic writing system that does not play nice with phonetics
Oh, I didn't know it was in Nahuatl, too! I just knew about Welsh and Yurok (I learned some in high school, and my teacher has a UA-cam channel if you want to learn some: ua-cam.com/channels/tBz5NPzaDtAo94CyrHZA_Q.html). Yurok is also neat for spelling, as it's spelled phonetically in the Latin alphabet, but also apostrophes are glottal stops and usually everything's written with a hyphen between syllables (so like ree-ko-ret, kweys-cheen, ne-pe'-weesh-neg, etc). If you want to learn more, there's also a dictionary from U. C. Berkeley: linguistics.berkeley.edu/~yurok/index.php
It's in a lot of native American languages actually
Tool use/crafting seems the most likely to me. If it were lip piercings, I'd imagine there'd be some sort of remnants found unless their piercings were all fancy enough to steal.
I could also see it be from regularly biting fishing line or something similar.
My cat was v concerned when I tried to make the Ll sound.
Yeah, you were swearing at them in cat language! :D
Oddly enough, i think the welsh alphabet primer may have just solved a decade old arguement.
Tooth rant 🤣🤣🤣🤣. I feel the same way, not having perfectly white teeth is natural. Same thing goes for not having a six pack. Except of the beer variety! 🍺
My Indian friend has beautiful natural white teeth. She uses neem to brush her teeth. In India they don't add Floride to tooth paste or water which can discolor teeth.
Had me at, "Teef!" ❤😀 I often double down and refer to, "teefs." Twice as cute in the plural.
Thanks for the pronunciation guide.
I think we've all read a translated book and puzzled over the page of pronunciation (the mabinogion, kalevala etc) without much luck. So much easier to be able to hear it.
Visiting some of your episodes one year later.
I appreciate the researched review of the whys and whats of teeth and modifications.
And your teeth are perfectly fine. Rant accepted.
Could it be some kind of technology change; like knitting becoming more popular than nålebinding at some point, that made the teeth marks disappear? (Doubt that nålebinding is the cause though) Like some tool were invented or imported around the time the marks disappeared, that made holding something with your teeth no longer necessary?
Seems like so many people are puzzled by this. It’s a real brainteaser!
I generally don't comment on people's appearances because it's irrelevant and also none of my business. But since you brought it up... I appreciate when UA-camrs/influencers don't whiten their teeth. I like when people look "relatable" as in "this is just another human being doing their thing". It makes me feel like I could do that same thing. And I guess that's something I love about your channel: you make stuff (reenactment, UA-cam, history etc) feel accessible and like it is for everyone. (You've even inspired me to start making the viking outfit I've been dreaming of since I was 12.)
Someone probably already said it, it is pronounced Gotland with a fast "o" so you were almost correct. More like the o in lot than goat.
And just for funsis, In Swedish "i" is pronounced like in bee. So Birka is kinda like saying "bee rka".
This is one of the first videos by this channel I've ever watched and it has hooked me. I cannot wait to learn more!
Seeing crazy wear marks on human teeth, especially incisors, isn't that weird, because humans do use their teeth as tools and tool use is often very repetitive. So, especially when you're dealing with people who may have had weakened enamel due to nutrient-deficient diets, teeth can end up carrying all sorts of interesting damage. What's more fascinating is seeing those marks go from being relatively common to extremely uncommon within basically the same culture.
If I had to take a guess, because there's so much variation in the wear we see and the owners of the teeth in question, that this isn't happening from any one particular craft or method of crafting. I think there were just a bunch of people across a variety of trades who were in the habit of using their mouth as an extra hand.
The disappearance could be a result of tools being more widely available across the board, so craftsmen weren't struggling as much to keep their projects secure... but it could be the result of something mind-bogglingly stupid, like maybe over time crafting became a more social activity, so craftsmen were talking too much to use their mouths for other things. Or maybe cultural norms about having non-food-items in your mouth changed. Or maybe dietary changes left people with stronger teeth. Or maybe people just caught on to the fact that teeth can get damaged this way and they took that knowledge very seriously because they lived in a time where having bad teeth was likely to kill you.
The thing is that while we may some day have enough data to track these types of correlations, it will probably always be impossible to prove causation and that's why I decided not to specialize in archeology.
I like your teeth Jimmy :)
Great video!
Love your channel bro, always a great insight into history! Hope you and everyone who reads this is having a great day!
dude shared sum toothy teeth positivity. shit was real.
Had to pause to comment! Finally someone is roasting Hollywood white teeth!!!!! YES!!!!
Another informative video Jimmy, thanks. More videos on the Welsh language much needed. Diolch yn fawr.
i really like the idea of a lip piercing doing that but i beleive that had it been the case we would have found at least one person burried with their jewelry and it would have probably appeared at some point amongst higher classes or been represented in iconography for some reason, the fact that we havent found any jewelry of that kind yet, plus the fact that it's only found amongst working classes would go along your hypothesis that it's work related chaffing tartar buildup would appear if the person left the specific job that would give them the indent
maybe it originally happened amongst a certain group of workers and after awhile it would be an attribute of that job and for some reason it'd have become a "fahsion statement "
Sewing in the car was a terrible idea. I hold my needles between my lips when I don't have a pin cushion. We went over a speed bump and I chipped two teeth on a darning needle.
Oh no. Nooo. Nooooooo.
@@TheWelshViking Not my best moment XD
On the Welsh alphabet: Wow! Wouldn’t that have made home schooling my five children simpler! A truly phonetic language! Somehow we manage to teach our children all of the “irregular verbs” (which occur so regularly as to seem fairly regular. LOL) But the Welsh language, besides being beautiful to listen to, is also VERY straight forward. Thank you for teaching that!
PS LOOK AT YOU! About to hit 20,000 subs! An early and confident congratulations! 🥳🥳
does malnutricion cause this horizontal line?
Are there wear patterns on women's teeth from textile work?
Omg Jimmy, I love your rants, they always keep things lively. :D Honestly though, the engravings were probably just a fashion trend that never really caught on completely or with the masses, lol. Or..... what if they were markings that some got as a ... souvenir...? Like when one us visits another country, we buy souvenirs, lol. Anyway, that would likely still be classed as a trend. Just something to think about. After all, it wasn't just the warriors who went on the voyages.
I was trying the L1 sound and my cat totally freaked out😂
4:45
The Island of Gotland is 'got' as in 'hot' with a doubled 't' (IPA: /ˈɡɔtːland/ ).
Not to be confused with the region of Geatland/Götaland - which is 'yerta', or like 'yet' with rounded lips (IPA: /ˈjøːtaˌland/)
Very interesting! Thanks for this.
Everyone else: “Teeth!”
Me: AHHH LINGUISTICS❤️
I'm still working on matching the Welsh alphabet and its pronunciation in my brain. If you could, at some point, consider editing your auto-captions at the end when you speak in Welsh so they are correct, it would be super helpful to see the words you are saying to match them to your pronunciation. About all I can recognize on my own is "diolch" which, fitting! Diolch, sir, for your excellent video once again.
Sure thing, Alex. I'm working my way through the auto CCs but I'll prioritise the newer, more Welsh ones :)
@@TheWelshViking Diolch! Luckily the auto CCs are pretty good for you minus proper names and other languages. But I don't envy you that task! I will, however, greatly appreciate you doing it. ;-)
It's kind of funny reading "Will I'm a troll" or "Will I'm a drawer" at the end of each of them though 🤭
Yay, Spike Milligan reference, that poem (Teeth) used to be one of my party pieces when I was very young, long before you were born, however did you come across Spike?
Funnily enough I'm missing the same adult tooth as you, but on the other side, The adult teeth either side pushed the baby tooth so far into my jaw that the baby tooth eventually had to be cut out. (Something to look forward to!)
I like your skull picture co-host!
4:08 ...well... yes.
what is that song you always play when you announce your welsh lesson? sounds awesome!
It's called "Sospan Fach" and it's excellent! :D
@@TheWelshViking cheers! 😁
@@TheWelshViking Isn't it your football anthem?
I know it's a rugby song, but I'm not sure about footie tbh :S
Just to that theory of grooving teeth as some kind of Thrallmark or criminal identification. In modern German there is a term that has survived to this day originating somewhere in the middle ages, "Schlitzohr" , meaning Slit Ear. This comes from an old form of punishment for lesser crimes like petty theft in which the a cut through the cartilage of the ear would be given so that even when it healed the person would be easily recognized as a scoundral, trickster, or thief. I think that if one Germanic people came to such a simple solution for crime or status than it is logical the others did too. Not some cryptic "Show me yer teeth boy!" nonsense. By the way, "schlitzohr" is still used in many parts of Germany today to denote a clever or tricky person. love your channel keep up the good work and stay healthy.