Cool! One tip, already noted, is to use buck instead of LDO if voltage drop is "big". There are many simple alternativet, just remember - use a short switching loop 😊
Good work mate. Anyone trying to bring you down should remember that they are the one watching the video. Keep at it, at your age and dedication youll go far 👍
You do understand that he is reading all this from a script and likely knows almost nothing about what he is talking about. Its a fraud at that level. I'm happy that guy is learning something but he is not some kind of a prodigy.
@@keithsummers1889says a guy who graduated from FIT and isnt producing content for public consumption/education or have a job at the moment to a 13 year old Mensa member. You do you mate.
Rainy you've made it, you have a troll 🤣 keep being the amazing kid you have always been. I'm so proud of you and please remember what I told you when you were 5 about people and what i think makes you so amazing ❤
The regulator is fine. Any heat from it is a function of the voltage dropped and the load current. It may be capable of higher current, but not while dropping 12v down to 3.3v. The copper heatsink area of the PCB at the regulator is also important, of course. Good presentation, and helpful. Thanks. BTW, I was 17 when I started in electronics. That was fifty years ago, back in 1974. I recently retired. You have a very interesting career ahead of you if you go down this path.
Re: Perfboard compatibility, I totally feel ya. Sometimes you have to calculate the position of each pad in the footprint rather than rely on the grid or the measuring tool. Luckily KiCad's fields all take mathematical expressions.
Great work, and a good looking board. Good to see you understanding the mistakes and learning from them! Lots of others have pointed out the need for some sort of buck as the power in, I would definitely agree if you want to be dropping from 12v. The ESP32 can pull some decent current, so those regulators will get hot! The one I've not seen anyone point out is your decoupling capacitors, I'm not sure why they are all in a corner of the board. They only really work when placed as close to the pins as possible, else there isn't much point them being there!
Thank you bro! Yes, I have made a 2nd revision of this board with the exact upgrades you mention here 😁 I used a Buck converter IC with an integrated inductor (encased in the chip’s packaging) which is supposed to help with EMI, placed the small value capacitors (
very cool, the LDO overheating problem is very common in linear regulators, since Power dissipated=(Vin - Vout) * Amps. if you input 12v, and your board uses for example 500mA, you would get 4.35W dissipated in 2x2mm, which is not good. It's going to be definitely harder to implement another type of regulator, like a buck converter, but it's going to be better if it decides to overheat and desolder when using more than it can handle. For now, i think it's ok if you dont use wifi constantly, like a server or somethin. I almost burned myself one time touching a linear regulator connected to a 9v battery and an esp8266 board😅
Oof. That’s not good. Yeah, I honestly should have used a Buck converter, but I felt like I didn’t have enough space even though I could have expanded the board by just a little bit. Thank you bro!
Thanks so much mate! I appreciate it, I’m still trying to tune the line following program so that it’s fast enough for the video. 8 line sensors will probably do it though, thanks
It’s in the testing video mate, go to the end, and it’s in the end screen. It’s also in the description if you want to check it out, would appreciate it 😁
haven't tuned it. 0 ohms and NC works horribly, haven't done any RF testing since this video. I also don't have a VNA to even perform these measurements :(
Hey you made a great video, i would want to have that much knowledge at your age ;D. But one thing i dont understand, i am designing a board with ESP32S3 myself and in the hardware design guidelines for ESP32S3 Espressif stated, i quote: "Note that USB_D+ will have level output, so please add a pull-up resistor to determine the initial high-level output voltage" Should't then a pull up resistor be placed from 3.3V to the USB_D+ data line, as it is stated in the official USB2.0 specs for USB-FS mode? I dont know if i am missing something, but that is what i understood. I didnt find any information that the USB-otg on the ESP32S3 has internal pull-up resistors, so the hardware design guideline from Espressif would make sense.
@@piotrwesoek1663 you don’t need the pull up resistor, I think it’s in the chip itself maybe… I’ve made 2 successful boards without the pull up resistor on the USB_D+ line, never had any issues. Thanks
Excellent video, very informative and well presented. Can you share the document shown at 7:30, and why vias under the chip is a bad practice? Vias under components in the rf section would be bad practice but i see a lot of vias under components like microcontroller, i thought it was okay. Learning a lot with your videos, thank you.
Hello sir! Thanks, the document at 7:30 is the ESP32-S3 hardware design guidelines, Schematic, RF section (you can search online since UA-cam has blocked links in comments). I think you might be right actually, grounding vias for the flash chip might not be bad, but I imagine that, because it isn’t connected to the top ground plane, there could be worse thermal performance. Idk if that’s an issue tho, thanks!
Hey bro, I have the schematic on the GitHub, but I won’t be giving the pcb layout unfortunately, as I am going to sell a similar product soon. This video, is as much information as I’m willing to give for free, and the schematic + coding of course. Just check the description for my GitHub
For people with zero electronics background, is there a simple way to design my own PCB antenna? I have a ESP32+LoRa module that has IPEX connectors, but I don't have space to use though. The device has a ANT pin that I could try to solder to a PCB antena, but im not sure how to design it. For me they just seem like random zig-zag lines 😅 Would it work to just copy the shape form a ESP32 with PCB antenna?
Kicad 7 has trace rounding (i think 6 did as well?), and i've never had problems with stitching vias in Kicad 6 or 7. are you sure you're not accidentally using an old version?
I’m definitely using KiCad 7 bro.. yeah idk what happened there, but for me, I needed a plug-in to be installed. Maybe I just didn’t find it, but it was already there before the plug-in 🤔 Anyways, thanks for your comment
@@h1tec that's great! Thanks for the quick reply. I am building mine with USB UART instead of direct USB. This doesn't create any difference in programming right?
You can take inspiration from my circuit for the buzzer and ESP32-S3 configuration, and the battery charging circuit and lights from the Unexpected Maker FeatherS3 Neo (this one has the new ESP32-S3-PICO chip, which is even easier to use).
@ well, depends what variant of the chip you have. ESP32-S3FN8 integrates 8MB of flash, whereas ESP32-S3R8 integrates 8MB of PSRAM. If you use the no integrated memory version, whose part number is just ESP32-S3, and don’t connect any external flash to it, it won’t work as far as I’m aware. If you want a variant with inbuilt flash, and no need for an external one, just use ESP32-S3FN8.
@@wayne_taylor of course! Have you seen my latest video? I use the ESP32-S3-PICO which integrates 8MB flash and 2MB PSRAM, with much of the external circuitry that you’d need with a normal ESP32-S3 (crystal, filtering supply voltage, etc) integrated into the silicon. You should check it out 😁
Hey bro, sorry i havent responded quickly. I learned a lot of c++ from dronebot workshop, i also looked at a few esp32 examples online from random nerd tutorials.
also btw in the pid line follower robot when one of the motors weren't turning and you said it was because of low output of pwma, you said you changed the code but i couldn't see any difference in the code (from the perspective of the video) can you please tell me what you changed? ty@@h1tec
@@h1tec Just messing with you. It meant to be a silly comment, sorry for upsetting you, so please don't take it seriously. Looks like you know your judo well. Keep it up!
The regulator gets "concerningly hot" and you're "not sure" if you can recommend them? You need the formal education -- and then come back to tell the story all over again.
@@keithsummers1889 and that’s exactly what I’m going to be doing with my new videos, since I made a new board which reverse polarity protects its voltage input with an N-channel MOSFET and ideal diode controller, before being fed into a Buck converter. Most people would interpret ‘not sure’ as ‘not advisable to do this in a design’ in the context I mentioned this in. It should still ensure no one thinks using an LDO is a good idea for stepping down voltage with any more than a ~3V drop, at this amount of current. This is a free video, which I have learned knowledge about using free information online. Do you consider reading hundreds of Texas Instruments, Infineon, and Espressif application notes formal education? What about watching videos by Altium, which explain how to implement many things explained in this video? Do you consider spending thousands of hours reading data sheets and finding the right parts for my boards, formal education? With all due respect, I’m a 13 year old child in Year 10 who can’t even take any subjects at school to teach me these things, let alone take a university course with will cost tens of thousands of dollars a year which we don’t have. So, if you’d like to see me ‘tell the story all over again’, I can make a video doing exactly that, and if you’d like more information about these boards, given that I’ve made 3 successful boards this past year, I’d be happy to help you through this comments section. But, if you’re here just to criticise me and tell me that I need to go to university to learn basic circuit board design such as this, which probably won’t happen for another 2 years, I can’t help you with anything. Thanks 😁
@@h1tec You you also consider recommending medicines if you had no formal education as a doctor? Just to excuse it all saying -- "I'm only a 13 yr old child"? Personally, I do have the formal education and 30 years experience and I can tell you that even I would "get beat" up for being inaccurate. I'm saying here that you're way over your head on this topic. But, I will say that you are further along than most people at this time in your life and I look forward to what you will produce as you arrive to your Master degree in education.
@@keithsummers1889 thank you, but the subject of this video is nothing that should be used by anyone in medical or even automotive purposes where things breaking puts someone’s life in danger. The ESP32-S3 chip is very low cost with lots of functionality, and reliability is a trade-off here. People watching this video know this. Almost every electronic part datasheet out there will have a section saying ‘this component is not permitted to be used in life-saving devices’, and for good reason. Texas Instruments is a great example of the difference between reliable and hobby/non-critical applications, since all of their automotive parts have a -Q1 at the end of the part number, while less reliable, or lower temperature range parts will not. This video was simply an attempt at educating people about designing from the bare ESP32-S3 chip for their own hobby projects, and not meant to be taken as anything more. My GitHub schematic specifically states that I do not assume reliability from anything produced as a result of my own design. This is one of the reasons why I don’t share the PCB files because I don’t want people manufacturing my boards if they haven’t been tested and work properly. But, thanks for bringing this to light, I might add some kind of notice to my next video saying that my advice is only to be taken into consideration for hobby projects.
@@keithsummers1889 and, no. This topic is not ‘way over my head’ and I don’t think I need to prove that to anyone. There isn’t even any high speed digital signals, and impedance matching is almost optional for the USB differential pair (even though I still do it), so I would argue that designing with ESP32 is even easier than atMega, especially when using the modules. I know I say things like ‘I don’t know what harmonics are’ and pretend to seem like I don’t know what I’m doing, but this is clearly for comedic effect and to shorten the length of the video. Not everyone needs to be lectured on every detail of everything; most will be annoyed and click off the video I find, at least on this platform. If this was way over my head, how could the board have worked, and the 2 others I made after it? If a surgeon performs 1000 surgeries in his lifetime without any of the patients having any issues caused by the surgery, was he just waving around metal tweezers and cutting random things, or did he know what he was doing and began to know more of what he was doing as time went on?
@@keithsummers1889 unfortunately for you, nowadays, there are probably petabytes of free, open source information on electronics online, making it a very foolish decision (in my opinion) to wait until University to start learning, when you’ll be forced into hundreds of thousands of dollars of student loans before you even have skills. But, that’s just how I roll. No disrespect towards you or any others.
This kid is going places
Thanks bro, appreciate the support
Cool!
One tip, already noted, is to use buck instead of LDO if voltage drop is "big". There are many simple alternativet, just remember - use a short switching loop 😊
Good work mate. Anyone trying to bring you down should remember that they are the one watching the video. Keep at it, at your age and dedication youll go far 👍
Thank you so much!
You do understand that he is reading all this from a script and likely knows almost nothing about what he is talking about. Its a fraud at that level. I'm happy that guy is learning something but he is not some kind of a prodigy.
@@keithsummers1889 who do you think wrote the script? What you define as ‘almost nothing’?
@@keithsummers1889says a guy who graduated from FIT and isnt producing content for public consumption/education or have a job at the moment to a 13 year old Mensa member. You do you mate.
Rainy you've made it, you have a troll 🤣 keep being the amazing kid you have always been. I'm so proud of you and please remember what I told you when you were 5 about people and what i think makes you so amazing ❤
The regulator is fine. Any heat from it is a function of the voltage dropped and the load current. It may be capable of higher current, but not while dropping 12v down to 3.3v. The copper heatsink area of the PCB at the regulator is also important, of course. Good presentation, and helpful. Thanks.
BTW, I was 17 when I started in electronics. That was fifty years ago, back in 1974. I recently retired. You have a very interesting career ahead of you if you go down this path.
Thx 😁
Re: Perfboard compatibility, I totally feel ya. Sometimes you have to calculate the position of each pad in the footprint rather than rely on the grid or the measuring tool. Luckily KiCad's fields all take mathematical expressions.
Awesome video, thanks for sharing your learning journey! For a newbie in PCB design this is incredibly valuable. Much appreciation!
Thanks dude, so glad that my video was serving it’s purpose to try to teach people 😁
Great work, and a good looking board. Good to see you understanding the mistakes and learning from them!
Lots of others have pointed out the need for some sort of buck as the power in, I would definitely agree if you want to be dropping from 12v. The ESP32 can pull some decent current, so those regulators will get hot!
The one I've not seen anyone point out is your decoupling capacitors, I'm not sure why they are all in a corner of the board. They only really work when placed as close to the pins as possible, else there isn't much point them being there!
Thank you bro! Yes, I have made a 2nd revision of this board with the exact upgrades you mention here 😁 I used a Buck converter IC with an integrated inductor (encased in the chip’s packaging) which is supposed to help with EMI, placed the small value capacitors (
very cool, the LDO overheating problem is very common in linear regulators, since Power dissipated=(Vin - Vout) * Amps.
if you input 12v, and your board uses for example 500mA, you would get 4.35W dissipated in 2x2mm, which is not good.
It's going to be definitely harder to implement another type of regulator, like a buck converter, but it's going to be better if it decides to overheat and desolder when using more than it can handle. For now, i think it's ok if you dont use wifi constantly, like a server or somethin.
I almost burned myself one time touching a linear regulator connected to a 9v battery and an esp8266 board😅
Oof. That’s not good. Yeah, I honestly should have used a Buck converter, but I felt like I didn’t have enough space even though I could have expanded the board by just a little bit. Thank you bro!
Well presented :) I'm looking forward to seeing your line follower robot build!
Thanks so much mate! I appreciate it, I’m still trying to tune the line following program so that it’s fast enough for the video. 8 line sensors will probably do it though, thanks
Awesome, I really like the design!
Great!
Waiting now for the WiFi test results like the RSSI.
It’s in the testing video mate, go to the end, and it’s in the end screen. It’s also in the description if you want to check it out, would appreciate it 😁
super cool!
Man you are good, keep it up
I love this, thanks! You explain well, I really want to learn this, subbed :)
hey pal you are awesome , keep doing the good work :)
Great content! I will be definitely looking forward to your channel
Hey, how did you figure out KiCad and electronics stuff? Like, what did you use to learn and get good at it?
Phil’s lab!
@@newsogn5148 yes sir! Thanks lol I forgot to reply
Thanks a lot for share this wonderful video.
Thanks!
What matching res/caps did you settle for for the antenna? Does it also decently work with 0Ohms and NC?
haven't tuned it. 0 ohms and NC works horribly, haven't done any RF testing since this video. I also don't have a VNA to even perform these measurements :(
Hi video look cool and well explained could make detail video on RF designing
yes, in the future I am planning to
Hey you made a great video, i would want to have that much knowledge at your age ;D.
But one thing i dont understand, i am designing a board with ESP32S3 myself and in the hardware design guidelines for ESP32S3 Espressif stated, i quote:
"Note that USB_D+ will have level output, so please add a pull-up resistor to determine the initial high-level output voltage"
Should't then a pull up resistor be placed from 3.3V to the USB_D+ data line, as it is stated in the official USB2.0 specs for USB-FS mode? I dont know if i am missing something, but that is what i understood. I didnt find any information that the USB-otg on the ESP32S3 has internal pull-up resistors, so the hardware design guideline from Espressif would make sense.
@@piotrwesoek1663 you don’t need the pull up resistor, I think it’s in the chip itself maybe… I’ve made 2 successful boards without the pull up resistor on the USB_D+ line, never had any issues. Thanks
@@h1tec Thank you for the answer !!!
Good Work Keep it up.
Excellent video, very informative and well presented. Can you share the document shown at 7:30, and why vias under the chip is a bad practice? Vias under components in the rf section would be bad practice but i see a lot of vias under components like microcontroller, i thought it was okay. Learning a lot with your videos, thank you.
Hello sir! Thanks, the document at 7:30 is the ESP32-S3 hardware design guidelines, Schematic, RF section (you can search online since UA-cam has blocked links in comments). I think you might be right actually, grounding vias for the flash chip might not be bad, but I imagine that, because it isn’t connected to the top ground plane, there could be worse thermal performance. Idk if that’s an issue tho, thanks!
@@h1tec Thank you! I am still new and learning so probably way above my head so I am also not sure but no doubt in this case it would be fine.
@@adamarzo559 thank you bro
Hey fellas, here’s the GitHub in case you wanted to see the schematic and code: github.com/hxelec/s3p Thanks, let me know if you have any questions!
well done and thanks for sharing
Do you want to share you Kicad files? (schematic and pcb layout). I willl like to study you layout before I start my own hardware design
Hey bro, I have the schematic on the GitHub, but I won’t be giving the pcb layout unfortunately, as I am going to sell a similar product soon. This video, is as much information as I’m willing to give for free, and the schematic + coding of course. Just check the description for my GitHub
For people with zero electronics background, is there a simple way to design my own PCB antenna? I have a ESP32+LoRa module that has IPEX connectors, but I don't have space to use though. The device has a ANT pin that I could try to solder to a PCB antena, but im not sure how to design it. For me they just seem like random zig-zag lines 😅 Would it work to just copy the shape form a ESP32 with PCB antenna?
@@RavenRof Check this out: www.ti.com/lit/an/swra117d/swra117d.pdf and Phil’s Lab’s PCB antenna hardware design on how to use it 👍
@@h1tecawesome. Thanks!
Which board did you slelect in the boards manager of arduino or platformio? Did you have to do something extra as it was not a dev board? Thanks!
UM ProS3, because it has the same USB programming, and 16MB flash, 8MB of PSRAM
@hxtec32 thanks! I recently started making my own pcbs and just like you, I want to go smaller yet functional. Great video! Keep it up!!
@@sammybrown6730 awesome man, hope you do well with them
Kicad 7 has trace rounding (i think 6 did as well?), and i've never had problems with stitching vias in Kicad 6 or 7. are you sure you're not accidentally using an old version?
I’m definitely using KiCad 7 bro.. yeah idk what happened there, but for me, I needed a plug-in to be installed. Maybe I just didn’t find it, but it was already there before the plug-in 🤔 Anyways, thanks for your comment
@@h1tec oh, looking at the thumbnail it sure does say 7! i think you said 6 at some point in the video and that threw me off
Does the ESP chip comes with a pre-defined firmware? Or should we build a firmware before uploading a blank sketch?
@@pavano6970 you can upload a sketch as soon as you receive the boards, it is very easy
@@h1tec that's great! Thanks for the quick reply.
I am building mine with USB UART instead of direct USB. This doesn't create any difference in programming right?
how to make a pcb that uses
esp 32 s3
lights
buzzer
usb chargeable battery pack
Any suggestions
You can take inspiration from my circuit for the buzzer and ESP32-S3 configuration, and the battery charging circuit and lights from the Unexpected Maker FeatherS3 Neo (this one has the new ESP32-S3-PICO chip, which is even easier to use).
Hey! Could you share me your Bill of Material & Positions file seems like my KiCAD is bugging out
Have you ever used the ESP32 S3 without external flash ?
Sorry, I don’t know what you mean, can you please elaborate?
@@h1tec using the ESP32 C3 chip without any external flash on board and just using the flash on the SoC? Thanks for the reply.
@ well, depends what variant of the chip you have. ESP32-S3FN8 integrates 8MB of flash, whereas ESP32-S3R8 integrates 8MB of PSRAM. If you use the no integrated memory version, whose part number is just ESP32-S3, and don’t connect any external flash to it, it won’t work as far as I’m aware. If you want a variant with inbuilt flash, and no need for an external one, just use ESP32-S3FN8.
@@h1tec Thanks you for taking the time to reply! That's really helpful.
@@wayne_taylor of course! Have you seen my latest video? I use the ESP32-S3-PICO which integrates 8MB flash and 2MB PSRAM, with much of the external circuitry that you’d need with a normal ESP32-S3 (crystal, filtering supply voltage, etc) integrated into the silicon. You should check it out 😁
Молодец!
cool
Where did you learn c++ for Arduino programming
Day 3 of asking lol
Hey bro, sorry i havent responded quickly. I learned a lot of c++ from dronebot workshop, i also looked at a few esp32 examples online from random nerd tutorials.
its ok i understand, thank you for the quick reply anyway@@h1tec
also btw in the pid line follower robot when one of the motors weren't turning and you said it was because of low output of pwma, you said you changed the code but i couldn't see any difference in the code (from the perspective of the video) can you please tell me what you changed? ty@@h1tec
Woow, you're 13 and it's not even your first custom board
At 13 I was messing with servos and an Arduino Uno, and I thought that I knew stuff xddd
@@Versette thanks! 😁
Lil dude pretends that he knows what is he talking about.
@@h1tec Just messing with you. It meant to be a silly comment, sorry for upsetting you, so please don't take it seriously. Looks like you know your judo well. Keep it up!
@@coc1841 no it’s fine man. I’m not upset lol. Thanks, you should have typed /s lol, I’m bad at these sorts of things 💀😁
@@coc1841bro I thought you were one of THOSE kinds of people if you know what I mean lol. Sorry if I came across as mad 😂
Lol, he's genius.
The regulator gets "concerningly hot" and you're "not sure" if you can recommend them? You need the formal education -- and then come back to tell the story all over again.
@@keithsummers1889 and that’s exactly what I’m going to be doing with my new videos, since I made a new board which reverse polarity protects its voltage input with an N-channel MOSFET and ideal diode controller, before being fed into a Buck converter. Most people would interpret ‘not sure’ as ‘not advisable to do this in a design’ in the context I mentioned this in. It should still ensure no one thinks using an LDO is a good idea for stepping down voltage with any more than a ~3V drop, at this amount of current.
This is a free video, which I have learned knowledge about using free information online.
Do you consider reading hundreds of Texas Instruments, Infineon, and Espressif application notes formal education? What about watching videos by Altium, which explain how to implement many things explained in this video? Do you consider spending thousands of hours reading data sheets and finding the right parts for my boards, formal education?
With all due respect, I’m a 13 year old child in Year 10 who can’t even take any subjects at school to teach me these things, let alone take a university course with will cost tens of thousands of dollars a year which we don’t have. So, if you’d like to see me ‘tell the story all over again’, I can make a video doing exactly that, and if you’d like more information about these boards, given that I’ve made 3 successful boards this past year, I’d be happy to help you through this comments section.
But, if you’re here just to criticise me and tell me that I need to go to university to learn basic circuit board design such as this, which probably won’t happen for another 2 years, I can’t help you with anything.
Thanks 😁
@@h1tec You you also consider recommending medicines if you had no formal education as a doctor? Just to excuse it all saying -- "I'm only a 13 yr old child"? Personally, I do have the formal education and 30 years experience and I can tell you that even I would "get beat" up for being inaccurate. I'm saying here that you're way over your head on this topic. But, I will say that you are further along than most people at this time in your life and I look forward to what you will produce as you arrive to your Master degree in education.
@@keithsummers1889 thank you, but the subject of this video is nothing that should be used by anyone in medical or even automotive purposes where things breaking puts someone’s life in danger. The ESP32-S3 chip is very low cost with lots of functionality, and reliability is a trade-off here. People watching this video know this. Almost every electronic part datasheet out there will have a section saying ‘this component is not permitted to be used in life-saving devices’, and for good reason. Texas Instruments is a great example of the difference between reliable and hobby/non-critical applications, since all of their automotive parts have a -Q1 at the end of the part number, while less reliable, or lower temperature range parts will not. This video was simply an attempt at educating people about designing from the bare ESP32-S3 chip for their own hobby projects, and not meant to be taken as anything more. My GitHub schematic specifically states that I do not assume reliability from anything produced as a result of my own design. This is one of the reasons why I don’t share the PCB files because I don’t want people manufacturing my boards if they haven’t been tested and work properly. But, thanks for bringing this to light, I might add some kind of notice to my next video saying that my advice is only to be taken into consideration for hobby projects.
@@keithsummers1889 and, no. This topic is not ‘way over my head’ and I don’t think I need to prove that to anyone. There isn’t even any high speed digital signals, and impedance matching is almost optional for the USB differential pair (even though I still do it), so I would argue that designing with ESP32 is even easier than atMega, especially when using the modules. I know I say things like ‘I don’t know what harmonics are’ and pretend to seem like I don’t know what I’m doing, but this is clearly for comedic effect and to shorten the length of the video. Not everyone needs to be lectured on every detail of everything; most will be annoyed and click off the video I find, at least on this platform. If this was way over my head, how could the board have worked, and the 2 others I made after it? If a surgeon performs 1000 surgeries in his lifetime without any of the patients having any issues caused by the surgery, was he just waving around metal tweezers and cutting random things, or did he know what he was doing and began to know more of what he was doing as time went on?
@@keithsummers1889 unfortunately for you, nowadays, there are probably petabytes of free, open source information on electronics online, making it a very foolish decision (in my opinion) to wait until University to start learning, when you’ll be forced into hundreds of thousands of dollars of student loans before you even have skills. But, that’s just how I roll. No disrespect towards you or any others.