The Royal Death Pits of Ur
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- Опубліковано 28 вер 2024
- In today's video, we dive into the mysteries surrounding the Royal Cemetery at Ur and its associated Death Pits, examining who exactly was buried there, what Sumerian mythology has to say about the rituals conducted within, and whether it constitutes Mesopotamian's only known example of human sacrifice. And beyond these question, we examine the Cemetery's biggest quandary of all. Were its burials even royal at all?
This video owes a special thanks to archaeologist Dr Geoff Emberling, who kindly allowed me to use a number of his photos of Iraq. You can find more information on his research activities in the links below:
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#history #documentary #mesopotamia
I'd also like to thank all of my voice actors for today's episode, whose own work you can find below:
Articulations as Enheduanna
/ articulations
Byron Lewis as Various Texts
/ byronlewis
Stefan Milo as C. Leonard Woolley
/ stefanmilo
Sources (In order of video appearance):
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2. Pournelle J (2013) Physical Geography, pgs. 19-28. In ‘The Sumerian World’, edited by Crawford H.
3. van de Mieroop M (2016) A History of the Ancient Near East, 3rd Edition, pgs. 10-17.
4. Beaulieu PA (2018) A History of Babylon, pgs. 29-40.
5. Hammer E (2019) The city and landscape of Ur: an aerial, satellite, and ground reassessment.
6. Algaze G (2008) Ancient Mesopotamia at the Dawn of Civilisation, pg. 44-46.
7. Margarete van Ess (2013) Reed as a raw material. In ‘Uruk: First City of the Ancient World’.
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9. Nissen HJ (2013) Uruk’s beginnings and early development. In ‘Uruk: First City of the Ancient World’.
10. Vogel H (2013) The “Great man of Uruk”: The Art of Governance in the late Fourth and early Third Millennia BC. In ‘Uruk: First City of the Ancient World’.
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19. Suter CE (2013) Kings and Queens: representation and reality, pgs. 201-226. In ‘The Sumerian World’, edited by Crawford H.
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21. Beaulieu PA (2018) A History of Babylon, pgs. 33-34.
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23. Steinkeller P (1999) On rulers, priests and sacred marriage: tracing the evolution of Early Sumerian Kingship. In ‘Priests and Officials in the Ancient Near East’, edited by Watanbe K.
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25. Schaudig H (2013) The Ancient Near East Ruler, pgs. 111-115. In ‘Uruk: First City of the Ancient World’.
26. Jacobson T (1943) Primitive Democracy in Ancient Mesopotamia.
27. Jacobson T (1957) Early political development in Mesopotamia.
28. Westenholz A (2002) The Sumerian City State, pgs. 23-42. In ‘A Comparative Study of Six City-State Cultures’, edited by Hansen MH.
29. Postgate N (1992) Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History, pg. 297.
30. Crawford H (2013) Trade in the Sumerian World, pgs. 447-459. In ‘The Sumerian World’, edited by Crawford H.
31. Marchesi G (2004) Who Was Buried in the Royal Tombs of Ur? The Epigraphic and Textual Data.
32. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pg. 1-20
33. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pg. 33-43.
34. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pg. 225-226.
35. Thomas HL (1992) Historical Chronologies and Radiocarbon Dating, pg 147.
36. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 37, 114, 116.
37. Moorey P (1977) What do we know about the people buried in the Royal Cemetery?
38. Baadsgaard A (2016) All the Queen's Clothes: Identifying Female Royalty at Early Dynastic Ur.
39. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 73-91, 97-107.
40. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 155-160.
41. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 400-404.
42. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 98, 316.
43. Braun Holzinger E (1991) Apotropaic Figures at Mesopotamian Temples in the Third and Second Millennia, pgs. 149-172.
44. Cholidis N (2003) The Treasure of Ur from Mari, pg. 143. In ‘Art of the First Cities’, edited by Aruz J and Wallenfels R.
45. Woolley CL (1965) Excavations at Ur, pg. 59.
46. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 159, 316.
47. Reade J (2003) The Royal Tombs of Ur, pgs. 93-96. In ‘Art of the First Cities’, edited by Aruz J and Wallenfels R.
48. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 61-62.
49. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 266-274.
50. Reade J (2003) The Royal Tombs of Ur, pgs. 97-100. In ‘Art of the First Cities’, edited by Aruz J and Wallenfels R.
51. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 121-123, 264-266.
52. Reade J (2003) The Royal Tombs of Ur, pgs. 121-122. In ‘Art of the First Cities’, edited by Aruz J and Wallenfels R.
53. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 74-77, 249-258.
54. Cheng J (2009) A Review of Early Dynastic III Music: Man’s animal call, pgs. 173-178.
55. Rimmer J (1969) Ancient Musical Instruments of Western Asia in the British Museum, pgs. 14-18.
56. Reade J (2003) The Royal Tombs of Ur, pgs. 105-106. In ‘Art of the First Cities’, edited by Aruz J and Wallenfels R.
57. Cooper JS (2006) Genre, Gender, and the Sumerian Lamentation, pgs. 41-44.
58. Westenholz JG (2013) In the Service of the Gods: The Ministering Clergy, pgs. 264-266. In ‘The Sumerian World’, edited by Crawford H.
59. Michalowski P (2006) LOVE OR DEATH? OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROLE OF THE GALA IN UR III CEREMONIAL LIFE, pgs. 49-61.
60. Michalowski P (1994) The Drinking Gods: Alcohol in Mesopotamian Ritual and Mythology, pgs. 27-44. In ‘Drinking in Ancient Societies: History and Culture of Drinks in the Ancient Near East’, edited by Milano L.
61. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 274-279.
62. Finkel IL (2007) On the Rules for the Royal Game of Ur, pgs. 22-32. In ‘Ancient Board Games in Perspective’, edited by Finkel IL.
63. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 37-41.
64. Pollock S (1991) Of Priestesses, Princes and Poor Relations: The Dead in the Royal Cemetery at Ur, pgs. 173-177.
65. Woolley CL (1965) Excavations at Ur, pg. 77-82.
66. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 312-13.
67. Douglas F (2010) The struggle for hegemony in “Early Dynastic II” Sumer, pgs. 37-77.
68. Gianni Marchesi (2010) The Sumerian King List and the early History of Mesopotamia, pgs. 231-48.
69. Tummal inscription entry on the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative, assessed 29th September 2022. cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&ObjectID=P469677
70. Steinkeller P (2003) An Ur III manuscript of the Sumerian King List. Literatur, Politik und Recht. In ‘Mesopotamien: Festschrift fur Claus Wilck’.
71. Sumerian King List (SKL) entry on the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative, lines 132-140, assessed 29th September 2022. cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?CompositeNumber=Q000371
72. Sumerian King List (SKL) entry on the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative, lines 39-42, assessed 29th September 2022. cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?CompositeNumber=Q000371
73. Sollberger E (1962) The Tummal Inscription, pg. 41.
74. Archi A (2004) Translation of Gods: Kumarpi, Enlil, Dagan/Nisaba, Halki, pg. 322.
75. van de Mieroop M (2016) A History of the Ancient Near East, 3rd Edition, pgs. 46-47.
76. Beaulieu PA (2018) A History of Babylon, pg. 35.
77. Kramer SN (1944) The Death of Gilgamesh.
78. Vogel H (2013) Death and Burial, pgs. 419-434. In ‘The Sumerian World’, edited by Crawford H.
79. Crawford H (2004) Sumer and the Sumerians, Second Edition, pgs. 135-136.
80. George AR (2003) The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic, vol. 1, pgs. 12-17
81. The Death of Ur-Nammu (A), The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, assessed 29th September 2022. etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section2/tr2411.htm
82. Pedde F (2013) Burials in Uruk, pgs. 288-289. In ‘Uruk: First City of the Ancient World’.
83. Sumerian King List (SKL) entry on the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative, lines 112-118, assessed 29th September 2022. cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?CompositeNumber=Q000371
84. Charvát P (2002) Mesopotamia Before History, pg. 227.
85. Sürenhagen D (2002) Death in Mesopotamia: The 'Royal Tombs' of Ur Revisited. In ‘Of Pots and Plans : Papers on the Archaeology and History of Mesopotamia and Syria Presented to David Oates in Honour of His 75th Birthday’.
86. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pg. 38.
87. van de Mieroop M (2016) A History of the Ancient Near East, 3rd Edition, pg. 65-66.
88. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pg. 39-40.
89. Woolley CL (1950) Ur of the Chaldee, pgs. 51-103.
90. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 316, 340.
91. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 94, 316.
92. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 312, 316.
93. Marchesi G (2004) Who Was Buried in the Royal Tombs of Ur? The Epigraphic and Textual Data, pgs. 173-175.
94. Smith S (1928) Assyriological Notes, pgs. 864-868.
95. Böhl F (1930) Das Menschenopfer bei den alten Sumerern, pg 83-98. In ‘Zeitchrift für Assyriologie’.
96. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 49, 316.
97. Woolley CL (1934) Ur Excavations: Vol. 2, pgs. 116, 316.
wow interesting, thnx
Citing sources is just one of many factors that sets this channel above most others that make documentaries.
Wow I’ve written papers for classes with worse citation than your youtube videos and tbh it’s not even close
Bro this is what I'm talking about!!! Proper citations are soooo lacking in UA-cam history (and other subjects). Thank you for doing this!
Thank you for your hard work. Your videos are both informative and compelling.
I think the most important thing I learned is the sacred bond between a man and his barber dates back thousands and thousands of years
'barber' itself is one of the longer continually used words in Western Civilization. The root 'barb' has been in use since pre-roman latin into the modern age to describe 'hair'. The romans had a throwing weapon, officially called a plumbata, but was colloquially called martio(us)barbuli, or in English "Mar's Barb". A homage to the hair of Mars, god of war, being impossibly tough, sharp and able to kill men. The weapon, a metal spike featuring a gruesome counter-hook, with a bulbous weight on the other end, wasn't dissimilar from a hair with a folicle attached.
This is where we derive barber, and also 'barb' as in barbed wire. Two otherwise completely unrelated concepts which owe a shared etymological root to a happenstances of roman paganism and militarism.
@@maxdecphoenix jeez my man ur very intelligent
The Barbery Pirates sink slow too...
Is that about the oldest joke?
@@maxdecphoenix thank u genuinely for the barber etymology lore 🙏🏻💜
One could get very confused discussing Early Ur, Earlier Ur, and it's founding condition, ur-Ur.
hahaha xD
i hope mr peabody got there already, seems it would have been obligatory
The Royal Death Pits of Ur is a kickass name for metal band.
😂
They'd have an epic giga mosh pit
The epic of Gilamosh you say?@Exit311
I think you're on to something. 😅
It's more of a song title but I'm with you
History Time and Histocrat in the same week… I think I’m gonna cry with joy!
New Historia Civilis this week too! The trifecta!
They do this on purpose! I get two great docs in a couple days then I have to wait months.
All we need now is a new Fall Of Civilisations!! 👌🙏
@@jojojacques810 yeah you know!! My three favorite channels!
Exactly
The depth and and sincerity with which you explore and present this topic is impressive. Thank you, Sir.
Thank you for covering Ur I absolutely love their civilization
Ha! We had a text book at my secondary school called From Ur to Rome. Unfortunately our older teachers had degrees but no teacher training. (They must have been some of the 1st women to be allowed to take degrees in Britain then. ). They were rubbish teachers. Our history teacher being one of the worst. She wrote stuff, in italic script, on the board for us to copy into our books, in italic script and using dip pens (this in 1959/60). Homework involved copying maps and pictures ftom the text book. Why? Who knows. All I can recall about Ur from her lessons is that it was in mesopotamia and can still see that damn priest in his long skirt that we had to copy. I must have switched off as I recall nothing more of our 1st 2 years history lessons. 😅😢😅
Thank goodness for channels like this.
I got to walk on top of the ziggurat and walk around at will. It’s hard to imagine all those things were buried underneath, the site was in disrepair. It’s sorta in middle of nowhere now, outside Nasiriyah
😲 AMAZINGLY Lucky
@@SacredDreamer There's no gate around it, no security, although there was a large airbase called Talil Airbase, which I used to run armed security out of for American Civilians and Military engineers. I accompanied the American US Army Colonel in charge of rebuilding Iraq, Colonel Jon Christensen, around the Ziggurat and complex next door. Walked beneath one of the oldest non-restored standing arches in the world on that site, which was very cool. Luckily, only Saddam had ruined the site, by, incomprehensibly, building on top of the ruins to restore its original shape. The result was that it took a bit of knowledge of history and some photos to aim for the original structure. There were loads of cast off clay pot pieces of unknown age. I'm willing to bet they were from University of Pennsylvania researches and such from around a century or more ago, not from any ancient settlement.
Oh boy it's 2Am and the Histocrat just uploaded, there goes my sleep.
At least you'll know who was buried in the death pits of Ur
It’s 8 pm where I live. But all the same. 😂✌🏼🙏🏼Love and Respect
7:15PM in East Texas right now. We are all in different time zones. That's a wide ranging audience. 💯👍🏻
1.30am here in the UK
@@chadjonesvii9369 I'm in East Texas too!
Your content is always of such a high standard and often concentrates on lesser explored topics. Kudos to you sir and may the algorithm bless you...
You had me at Death Pits.
Appreciate the incredible amount of time you put into this channel. Thanks mate.
You appreciate it yourself. You're not the boss of me. I'll appreciate the channel's time expenditure and level of dedication because I want to not because YOU told me to. smh.......some nerve .....bully! I know what's good and don't need......
I love putting these on at night and just drift away while learning about history. Thank you😊
The best video on this topic I have ever seen. Very well researched, exceptionally narrated, comprehensively presented. You have my honest thanks.
Any relation to the race traitor?
Thank you for being an educator. Your teaching style successfully transfers profound facts as you wrap them in well defined theories so we don't confuse the two.
Listened and watched while I was cleaning. These videos are truly a treasure. The research, the images, the narration... I could never not recommend this channel. You're criminally underwatched!
I have to give The Histocrat credit for filling in much of the commonly left out details of these found artifacts, which tell an essential part of the history. Such as, the order and condition of the artifacts as they were revealed in the digs, as well as the preservation and reconstruction.
I think it was a combination for the followers to be buried with their ruler - 1 the succeeding kings would get rid of any potential threats to their kingship and 2 the followers would avoid a loss of status and hence 'choose' to be buried with their ruler. I think it would have been difficult to force a solider to bury themselves unless they were halfway willing.
I agree. Human nature argues elaborate shows of power would continue, unless there was a particular reason for it. So the mass death was not a show of power by the deceased, but a symptom of a shift in power, I think. Which doesn't mean they weren't willing, completely, due to the near celebratory trappings. (We mustn't forget how willing death cults are to reach apotheosis) Poison is not as sure as people think, death can be long and sickening. Kneeling to accept a death blow after a hearty drink of wine isn't that much different from poisoning oneself.
I do not agree, although the servants may have known that they would be killed with a ruler, does not always mean it was a willing act by a sacrificed person, but resignation. Did the Inca maidens understand that death awaited them at the end of a strenuous journey? Drugs always make victims easy to control minds and bodies. Human sacrifice had many excuses given 11:33 by those in political and religious people.
You're incredibly good at what you do, Histocrat.
Great stuff. But I am curious about the "fashion sense" of the Sumerians. It seems to me like nearly all the ancient peoples of this region, from the Akkadians down to the Persians, liked to portray their rulers with big, long, well groomed beards. On the Standard of Ur, however, everyone from the defeated soldiers to the king are clean shaven and bald or short haired. Did the Sumerians have distinctly different aesthetic ideals from the other ones?
I remember reading that the sumerians were very different from their neighbors in many respects - their language for instance is assumed to be from a different language family than the others. Where I read this, they suggested that the sumerians had been forced to move inland by an advancing persian gulf.
@@guird4 It's not just suggested, their language was a different one, unrelated to any other known today. This has been proven by the Assyriologists who study the tablets and Linguists who study ancient languages. Dr Irving Finkel of the British Museum, where most of the tablets are kept, and who studies them, has said that in several of his fascinating (and humorous) lectures.
Perhaps they shaved at different stages of the year? We know wigs and false beards were a thing in Egypt, but those things could get very dirty and insect ridden in a swampy area.
The shaving off of the beards of the defeated was calculated to shame them deeply.
@@mikef.1000 That does not explain why the king also is bald and shaven, though.
Thanks for a superb narration on Ur. I'd like to hear more information on this topic.
Amazing work as always.
Super interesting, your level of research does you credit. For future reference, keep in mind that, in Italian, 'ch' is pronounced like 'k' (e.g. Pinocchio) , so (Gianni) Marchesi is pronounced 'mar-kay-see' :)
Thank you, Sir. It's been a sad time waiting for you to post another precious piece of knowledge.
you post some of my favorite videos on youtube, i really do appreciate what you do!
Incredible video, thank you so much and I hope your Docos are appreciated for decades.
I got a mate that tells me bedtime stories a million miles away
Coming in clutch with another great video.
As well as making great videos like this, I love the fact that you very obviously delete all the comments by the wingnuts.
It's SUCH a huge relief to know that I won't have to try to dig through mountains of garbage about aliens, conspiracies by everyone with a degree, and other craziness, just to find the interesting comments! So what remains here are all the interesting ones! BRAVO to you on SO many levels! ❤❤❤
Thank you. Truly fascinating.
1:16:23 This poem probably references the rebellion of Ur (lead by Lugal-ane) against Sargon. Thus Enheduana is appealing to the goddess Ishtar (and others) to slay the supporters of Nanna (the patron god of Ur) because of Ur's rebellion against her father. Enheduana was actually high priestess at the Temple of Nanna (in Ur) at the time. After this incident Enheduana seems to have switched allegiances to the goddess Ishtar (aka Inanna), only writing poems for her, instead of the moon god Nanna.
The idea that the poem is referencing a ritual mass funeral is pretty nonsensical if you read the entire poem. A more modern translation of the same lines (by Jeremy Black) make this clear: "In the place of divine encouragement, what is my standing now? May An extradite the land which is a malevolent rebel against your Nanna! May An smash that city! May Enlil curse it! May its plaintive child not be placated by his mother!" In this translation it's clear that Enheduanna is cursing the city Ur despite her close relationship to its patron god Nanna.
Incredibly interesting!
Any thoughts about the current national policies regarding preservation of these artifacts? Every now and then there are rumors of government officials looting museums, and or shutting museums down and "moving collections for protection", sadly the United States has a non interest policy which eliminates any scientific cooperation between our two countries. Thank you for an amazing and beautiful presentation into this ancient world.
When it comes to 17:20, the idea of a female ruler was not totally alien in ancient Mesopotamia. The Sumerian king list from the III Dynasty of Ur names a likely mythological ruling queen of Kish, Kubaba, who would have ruled three generations or so before Sargon the Great of Akkad, aka around 2450 BCE.
For some reason I feel the urge to comment a funny thing that happened, even though it is not at all relevant to this video. In The Histocrat Q&A you said you recommended any History channel except M. Laser History, being the fool I am, I took that at face value. I was conflicted wondering why one of my favorite History youtubers did not recommend another of my favorite History UA-camrs! Then I saw an M. Laser comment saying to avoid your channel, I was baffled. When I asked for an explanation M. Laser informed me politely that it was a joke. I faceplamed hard, ashamed at my own thick-headedness. Thus ended my poor humorless torment.
However I am now curious what your thoughts on TIK are, as M. Laser does not recommend (though I can guess why).
Beautifully done, thank you!
I loved randomly hearing Stefan Milo like an audiobook
Very instructive, and thorough. Thank you. The rhythmic nature of the narration however soon became disagreeable.
A perfect treat - thank you so much for this work, this is extremely interesting!
Great report, Sir, I m grateful for your accurate work in making this video...
From a purely economic perspective, it seems wasteful to sacrifice skilled staff like musicians, soldiers, etc. It would take many years to train these individuals to a sufficient level of skill to serve the monarch. The incoming king would, presumably, have to be served by apprentices and retirees until the next group can be properly trained.
I am reminded of the consequences of Stalin's purge of senior military officers in the 1930s. Presumably Ur's enemies would take advantage of the absence of trained/experienced soldiers immediately following the death of a monarch.
Modern archaeologists: Older scholars were presumptuous
Also Modern archaeologists: Muh Rituals
The fineness of their craftmanship is astounding; no wonder they would treasure it so much.
sick, i gave it a like instantly, thank you good sir
Excited about this one!
I always wonder how cool it would be to get DNA from these ancient burials, and then to see if any descendents of those first kings and queens still live. Imagine taking an ancestry DNA kit and finding out you are a direct descendent of the God kings of Mesopotamia
After so many generations, there will hardly be anyone who is not a descendant of them. That's why dna ancestry is a joke.
I'd probably first figure out if the buried persons were male or female using DNA. As far as I'm aware, archaeologists have been known to make mistakes in figuring out the sex of a deceased due to relaying too much on grave goods and ignoring the specific bone anatomy.
Their descendents are alive and well in Iraq and elsewhere, but their DNA, like all of ours, has been mixed with many different kinds over the years.
I would demand tribute 😊
After a long enough time, there are no direct descendants. This is because the DNA of that specific person would become diluted into the greater whole. A modern person can claim some loose relation, but that's about it.
thank you for one more great video
Another thing I've not seen yet, what kind of rooms were inside the zigurats? Surely, at least one has been excavated. Anyone know if there's someone/ team to search to learn about it?
Ziggurats were temples and the top was for stargazing. So temple type shit.
I've always wanted to know that too! Is it a sanctuary where the god lives, and is fed and dressed every day? Is it the patron god of that city? I wonder why nobody seems to address this obvious question. Maybe because the rooms had been stripped of all but the mudbrick walls.
Were the Ziggurats solid like the pyramids, or did the levels have rooms and halls? I've been waiting decades to hear the answers.
Hey! Just a quick comment that's hopefully going to come across as constructive criticism, but I think you could improve the pacing and scene setting in the intro. Another channel I love is called Fall of Civilizations, and he does it perfectly. Perhaps you could take some inspiration?
Thanks for the amazing content nevertheless.
I saw the diagram, the harp, and two crushed skulls at a museum in Philadelphia a few months ago.
21:12 Whoah! That's an arch! 3000 years before the Romans!
Edit: Some Googling shows that although arched aqueducts seem to be a roman invention, the claim that Romans invented arches is a complete myth. They were invented somewhere in the near east 4000BC.
Fascinating subject, beautifully presented. Thank you!
Better than history channel by far. Great work.
The art expression of this cultures is amazing.
"The Royal Death Pits of Ur" sounds like a Dethklok album title . Tell me I'm wrong .
Probably Puabi wasn't a queen at all, but a "Living Goddess" considered as such for some inscrutable reason, and her male counterpart was probably have been seen in life as a divine hero, this is why he could bring in the underworld so many lives with him. And don't forget that his tomb was never touched: This is a sign of his superhuman status and that of the leading woman buried next to him.
I have been to Ur, Iraq. I have a picture of myself standing on the steps on the ziggarat.
Thank you for your rich knowledge in History and mythology.
I wonder how many people are going to steal all the gold out of museums when the lights go out?
This was excellent!
Lapis lazuli is a blue semi-precious stone that is only found in what is now Afghanistan. This clearly shows the ancient Mesopotamians had developed trade and trade routes with other people's beyond Mesopotamia.
Maybe the poisoned slaves were meant to serve him in whatever afterlife, similar to the dolls in Egyptian tombs
I think it's very interesting that the bead found in Mari is seen as strong evidence of Mes-Anne-pada's influence in that region. In North American archaeology, it's relatively common to find goods thousands of miles from their culture of origin.
I’ve never been more interested in a video based solely on its title before
Watching from Greece.hi everybody.
Great documentary.
Through all the research and podcasts I've listened to about mesopotamia and ur this is the first I've ever heard of the cemetery and it's contents.
Hey guys I love your vids Just wanted to say you guys should do a video on king soloman that would be awesomen
Nice documentary and well explained 👍😀
What is the meaning of the numbers in the lower right hand corner ?....
If they did not destroy items on the way into these places sometimes we may notice tool marks on the inside of the burial chambers.
Didn't realize human remains were now something to warm the delicate public about!
this is excellent. Thank you so much Charles.
Thanks for the content!
That warning at the start is just whacked to me... sad this world has come to that.
Yeah bro, do some PVP for season 9. Also maybe a good comprehensive pvp tutorial. You used clear language man, good job, good video
I always like to keep in mind that, up until around 150 years ago, all large public works projects doubled as mass graves.
Thank you, lots of our history has been lost.
The figurines and the artwork shows some characteristics with the civilisation of the Indus Valley which disappeared without trace… the people of the Indus may have migrated to Mesopotamia after the rivers they relied on silted up.. the brickwork, the facial features, the clothes worn by these royals look remarkably like those worn by the ‘high’ priest of Mohenjo-daro found in Pakistan… 😏
You had me at "This video contains images of human remains..."
Thank you for the upload
Impressive presentation and narration!
The Earth is heavy, undeniable scientific fact. Comparatively that copper helmet really bears the hallmarks of a fist print, as many times as I have seen it I kinda giggle now,but it clearly is. Then your information puts forth this CAT Scan, fact.
Great video on a fascinating subject. Thank you.
How does this impact the legacy of the sixth house and the tribe unmourned?
These videos do a great job of putting historical events of the Bible into context. So easy to read the Book and forget it’s a historical about. Great content.
80% of the bible is entirely ahistorical mythos written long after the events. Most are made up entirely 😂. People should know this by now
We can see even in Sumeria they were altering stories about what had happened (all the kings son were laid beside him/the kings son succeeded him). Humans prefer interesting stories to cold facts. We know the Bible's timelines don't match up in certain cases like the Fall of Jericho's walls happening long, long before it was listed as happening. And we know there were earlier versions of the stories, and that there were choices made on what to include or leave out.
There is no doubt that the Torah did not spring into existence complete and perfect in its entirety. The Bible is a series of stories of people's memories retold and inspired religion--it is not the dry text of police witnesses or forensic analysis of historical events.
@@Badficwriter enjoy the video 😎
Great, I was just looking for something interesting to listen while i do some cleanup.
Thanks!
Wasn't Abraham from UR of the Chaldees ? I remember Gudea Ensi of Lagash from history class.
I remember this too from AP world
I think Kentucky or Illinois, I forgot which.
@@davidbrown9110 you mean trollland?
With all the knowledge that the excavators had of previous grave looting, why would any current archeologist assume that the remaining evidence and artifacts are in their original locations?
Very interesting presentation, thank you.
Me - " mmm i want to watch something right before bed "
*The Histocrat Uploads - The Royal Death Pits of Ur *
Me - " ...........................perfect! "
May they rest in pieces. 🕊️
Now I'm going to go check on the DNA profiles, if any, associated with burials found. Was discouraged, to date. An expert said something about the soil not being conducive to preserving it.
I'd want to sort out what dynasty etc I hope someday smarter than me has something written on it.
This is a great video. Scratched an itch that I had on the back burner 😆
I knew for awhile, there'd been a bonanza cemetery of Ur ... and now, here, some *depth* , in more way than one! 👵
There are others too, which explains why the surrounding areas are dug up every night by the local people, and it looks like a bombed out place or a mine feild, pockmarked by millions of small excavations.
I wonder how much of these treasures of Ur still remain in the museums today ? I wouldn't be surprised if much of this hasn't been looted & melted down after Saddam's fall.
Yeah Boiy, ya back. Boom!
1:07:26 There are two ways down that path; Blood or Behavior. Very informative and pretty straightforward video, thank you.
You know that's a tough reality for us so-called Free folks wrap our heads around.>>> "When my King dies, so do I."
I would hope my death would provide for others to live. {I wonder if any of those assistants thought that.}
Here's hoping you love Him.
My name is Ozymandias , King of Kings .
Look upon my works , ye mighty
And despair...
That you need that disclaimer at the beginning is saddening. Soon we'll be so domesticated, so sanitized, that thinking in itself will be obscene.
Please explain how you may state that UR was green and the water receded, yet there are so many cities beneath the waters?
The waters of the gulf encroached and receded many times throughout the last 8000 years. At one point, the Harappan people could have walked straight to Ur with no inlet in their way.
Pu-abi always reminded me of Kubaba of Kish of the Third dynasty, who is said to have been a Tavern keeper and beer brewer before becoming queen. Why not 🤷🏽♀️
Such a great video
One thing for sure - There's a lot of ruins in Mesopotamia .