General sources: Chris Scarre (2018) The Human Past. Fourth Edition. Klaus Schmidt (2012) Gobekli Tepe: A Stone Age Sanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia. Marc Van De Mieroop (2016) A History of the Ancient Near East. Third Edition. Amanda H. Podany (2014) The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. Video References: Stefan Milo (2019) How bad was the Younger Dryas? Causes-Megafauna-Civilisation. References: Gautney and Holliday (2015) New estimations of habitable land area and human population size at the last glacial maximum. Journal of Archaeological Science. Watkins (2010) New Light on Neolithic Revolution in south-west Asia. Antiquity. Revedin et al. (2010) Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing. PNAS. Spivak and Nadel (2016) The use of stone at Ohalo II, a 23,000 year old site in the Jordan Valley, Israel. Journal of Lithic Studies. Groman-Yaroslavski et al. (2016) Composite Sickles and Cereal Harvesting Methods at 23,000-Years-Old Ohalo II, Israel. PLOS ONE. Snir et al. (2015) The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long Before Neolithic Farming. PLOS ONE. Maher et al. (2012) Twenty Thousand-Year-Old Huts at a Hunter-Gatherer Settlement in Eastern Jordan. PLOS ONE. Ramsey et al. (2018) Risk, Reliability and Resilience: Phytolith Evidence for Alternative ‘Neolithization’ Pathways at Kharaneh IV in the Azraq Basin, Jordan. PLOS ONE. Maher et al. (2015) Occupying wide open spaces? Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer activities in the Eastern Levant. Quaternary International. Grosman et al. (2016) Nahal Ein Gev II, a Late Natufian Community at the Sea of Galilee. PLOS ONE. Liu et al. (2018) Fermented beverage and food storage in 13,000 y-old stone mortars at Raqefet Cave, Israel: Investigating Natufian ritual feasting. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. Richter et al. (2017) High Resolution AMS Dates from Shubayqa 1, northeast Jordan Reveal Complex Origins of Late Epipalaeolithic Natufian in the Levant. Scientific Reports. Arranz-Otaegui (2018) Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. PNAS. Eitam et al. (2015) Experimental Barley Flour Production in 12,500-Year-Old Rock-Cut Mortars in Southwestern Asia. PLOS ONE. Grosman et al. (2008) A 12,000-year-old Shaman burial from the southern Levant (Israel). PNAS. Dubreuil et al. (2019) Evidence of ritual breakage of a ground stone tool at the Late Natufian site of Hilazon Tachtit cave (12,000 years ago). PLOS ONE. Olszewski (2012) The Zarzian in the Context of the Epipaleolithic Middle East. International Journal of the Humanities. Rosen and Rivera-Collazo (2012) Climate change, adaptive cycles, and the persistence of foraging economies during the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the Levant. PNAS. Lorenzo Nigro (2014) The Archaeology of Collapse and Resilience: Tell es-Sultan/Ancient Jericho as a case study. ROSAPAT 11. Dietrich et al. (2012) The role of cult and feasting in the emergence of Neolithic communities. New evidence from Gobekli Tepe, south-eastern Turkey. Antiquity. Dietrich et al. (2017) Feasting, Social Complexity, and the Emergence of the Early Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. In book: Feast, Famine or Fight?: Multiple Pathways to Social Complexity. Dietrich et al. (2019) Cereal Processing at Early Neolithic Gobekli Tepe, southeastern Turkey. PLOS ONE.
Just some constructive criticism here. I hope you take it as such. No ill will meant. The true start is at 9:46. Why such a long convoluted preamble of talking about what you are going to talk about, in future tense about the past no less. That was jarring, and so unnecessary. And more dates. Please more dates. What is more important when talking about history than the date? It's so frustrating watching so many of these documentaries where they jump from time to time and treat dates as incidental to be mentioned here and there. I wish all history documentaries kept a permanent timeline on screen always displaying the date(or approximation) they are covering in that moment. But overall good documentary and thank you for the effort.
Those ancient villagers didn't realize that if they would just collect 500 food and 200 gold they could level up to the Castle age at their town center then have Knights to fight with.
@@vanillajack5925 What I meant is, the common ancestor of both mammals and fish would be an organism that is technically neither a mammal nor a fish. So, semantic disagreement
Fascinating. I really like the way the presenter is not bound to any narrative, but freely states if something is unknown. The sign of a real historian.
Yeah too bad so much of Academia really doesn't think that way like all of the water erosion on the pyramids people won't believe that they're older than they think. They found all those underground cities from hundreds of thousands of years ago and no one will admit that there was civilization before ours that had to come in and go. Civilization that lived through these ice ages a quarter of a million years and you really think there wasn't any other civilization that explored this world people are nuts it only took us a couple of thousand years why do you think it couldn't happen before and got an erased from some sort of climate change
nickolas reyes the only thing is we would be able to track if there was ever a previous civilisation like ours from co2 levels although there are no quick or much noticeable rises in co2 from our past. Unless there was an advanced civilazion that somehow lived their live completely different to us and didn’t go to the levels of harmful industrialisation as we did so higher co2 levels wouldn’t show up. Who knows though if we got wiped out by an asteroid or flood right now, then in around 10000 years or more there might not be any evidence we were even here either
@@Aithis. Given what we know of geology and biology, as far as we can tell, it should be close to impossible to not notice signs of current-level human civilization, for hundreds of thousands or even millions of years into the future, should we be wiped out and someone actually bothered to look. All the right angles of our buildings, for one, are exceedingly unlikely to be confused with natural formations - certainly not on the scale we've produced them, and a good amount of them would be preserved for millions of years to come, given their sheer size and number, never mind the presence of such on all continents. Plus, all the vast quantities of tools/clothing/cemeteries we'd be leaving behind - if even a tiny fractions are preserved/fossilize, it would take effort to not connect the dots. There's also circumstantial evidence, such as domestic animals leaving tell-tell traces in the fossil record. Never mind our mile-wide trash heaps, or, come to think of it, piles and piles of nuclear waste packed nice and tight underground in dozens of sites, worldwide. Heck, the Moon Lander and Neil Armstrong's foot prints might survive a few epochs themselves, given the lack of an atmosphere on the Moon (though micro-meteorites will eventually disturb them... but that lander's pretty sturdy). Actually, given the huge amount of geostationary garbage that we currently have in Earth's orbit, I wouldn't be surprised if a detectable amount of such would still be glaringly detectable for a few thousands, if not millions of years from now. So, no. We've definitely left our mark here. And for the same reasons we would have found signs of earlier advanced (post-industrial at the very least and likely bronze-age or later) civilizations already.
@@Aithis. ever heard of C14. The decay rate has been constant until we increased it at Trinity. This proves there was no nuclear power in the past. That is not to say that there was no leverage or hydrological based complex civilisation in the past. Only that there is no evidence. However an absence is not a proof. Best stick to been the God of your favourite empire building game
Imagine how rich and old our culture is, evolving for thousands and thousands of years before recorded history. The amount of information on our ancestors we'll never know is simply unfair. Civilizations, cultures and histories remaining unknown for all time.... all that's left are pieces and gravel.
"...My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings; Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair! Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away" (Shelley).
@@LindaLinda80Linda I beg to differ tbh. The internet has been able to record all human culture for the past 30 years. It's essentialy a giant archive of 21st century humanity. I could see future humans researching the the internet the same way we do archeology now
There were multiple civilisations before ours, that rose and fell over the millennia, just as there were multiple cataclysmic events, that divided different eras. Last one was atlantean, and we don't even remember that it really existed.
A pretty major correction at 1:02, I was supposed to say 300,000 years ago. This is what it said in my script, for some stupid reason I read out 30,000 and never noticed whilst making the video. Also two minor corrections: 1. Where I say '"Global temperatures were on average lower by 20 degrees C", a more accurate version is temperatures were lower by 20 degrees in some places, not on average. My sources got this right, I just misread it. 2. its El Wad cave not "El Wadi" as I said in the video. I didn't notice this until now despite hearing it back about 20 times.
Thanks for the video. I am so fed up with UA-cam suggesting all these conspiracy history videos; ancient aliens, hidden history, unbelievable ancient technology. And the videos have millions of views and worst part the viewers believe them to be facts. Saddens me, but I'm glad to have your videos
I must say I sometimes watch that kind of videos, just for entertainment, to see what bizarre ideas and 'connections' they've managed to conjure up this time. Thinking about the number of people that actually take that #@$%! seriously is less fun, though.
Some of those conspiracies are amusing to entertain as possibilities. I think Hollow Earth and Agartha are pretty cool. Even involved Nayzees in Antarctica!
I love these videos, the thing that fascinates me the most is the fact that so many people lived before writing was invented, and we will never know the names of these people, we will never know their stories, they are a mystery that probably will never be unraveled to us. This part of our history is the most unknown to us and i love that about it. Thanks for the upload, histocrat
@@IblameBlame Exactly! I also love philology and thinking about how all these people had different languages that we will never know and we will never be able to speak them..
@Chimpin Out this is a weird narrative to drive since we have several examples of pre-modern cultures that allowed a non-binary gender system. Hate really is just a you thing, not some natural human instinct for you to pretend is justification.
The history channel on UA-cam is actually very good, there isn’t a single good thing on cable tv so its not fair to call them trash because its the networks fault.
I wish time travel was real. It would be so interesting to go back in a time and see all these ancient prehistoric places when they were new and thriving with our ancestors.
I always want to say hi to you. You are such a beauty I pray to God to give you a lot of beautiful days and I hope God bless you to have a great day, I'm Williams by name from Arizona phonex and you where are you from...?
I find the period between 11,000BCE - 1,500BCE exceptionally fascinating. Your video really could take the place of an introductory course it’s that good.
it's actually the really obscure part of our history, hence the interest it triggers but the story just doesnt make sense.. domesticating wolves ? killing entire species ? we were supposed to be less than 2millions over the entire planet... how did we do that? makes no sense im not saying i have the truth, im just pointing out the inconsistencies of this theory... btw.. anyone said pyramids ?
@@EvilSapphireR I'm willing to disagree about that, since it probably really depends on your social hierarchical status. If you're in one of the lowest groups of modern society life may have been more interesting 10.000 years ago rather than now. I personally feel like that most humans would have been better off without civilisation for most of human history. It's only been these last 100 years that civilisation has improved the position of everyone in large areas on the globe.
I love that the title specifies the range being covered is 11200 years which seems like a nice small chunk to get through, but then you realise that's over 5 times as long as the modern era so far.
To any aspiring UA-cam creators: see how this channel uses real sources and has done their own research? Be like this channel, not the ones that just do a few quick google searches and watch a few UA-cam videos and then regurgitate what they found.
@@WarbossFraka I don't assosiate partners with god...before noahs flood the same thing happened just like this. People saying gods a myth n science made everything...this next catastrophic will be the next. Its already been 1500 years since the last prophet n noahs got destroyed 1600-2000 years after creation. So the wrath of God should happen within the next 10 generations after us or sooner.
The tower certainly could be defensive. Defensive towers are common inside settlements and walls too, a fallback point, to protect a powerful person, to protect supplies, or all three. An ancient keep as such. I know it's a more modern thing but if you can build a tower it's not a huge jump to see it can be used defensively from the inside of the wall.
For anyone who like me is absolutely in love with stone age anthropology, I strongly recommend the Earth’s Children book series by Jean Auel, beginning with Clan of the Cave Bear. Though fiction, Auel paints the world of the Paleolithic with a vibrant brush bringing to life this ancient realm with a level of detail Tolkien himself would have found harrowing. You’ll learn about ancient technologies and methods while being immersed in cultures and live so rich that it can sometimes be hard to remember they are works of imagination. They are the very thing that sparked my fascination with stone age anthropology
Wow man, I don't know why I've been missing your show but this is presented as well as any big documentary. The only difference is you don't get the budget to present on location. Great work!
I think it's worth contacting Netflix, Amazon and the like and telling them how much we enjoy these documentaries, and suggesting that they work together to produce a series. It is honestly such good work that deserves a bigger platform and budget.
I grew up on a 1700 acre farm that leased it's fields to our neighbors in exchange for them bringing their metal working needs to us. Along with a percentage of the crop. Mostly what I learned is that people in cities suck bad, and I need nothing from them. Built my house on my mountain and all you can destroy this world as you see fit. I'll be dead and won't worry about you at all.
Brilliant. Unbiased and detailed account of human civilisation citing science, geology, archaeology and physical evidence. Plenty I didn't know or wasn't certain about. Fabulous production.
The video is about the history of human civilization, from the Paleolithic era to the emergence of the first cities. Here is a summary of the key points from the video: * The Paleolithic era was a period of time that lasted from around 2.6 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago. During this time, humans were hunter-gatherers and lived in small groups. * Around 10,000 years ago, the Earth's climate began to warm and the ice sheets began to melt. This led to a rise in sea levels and the flooding of many coastal areas. As a result, humans were forced to move inland and adopt a new way of life. * Humans began to domesticate animals and plants, and this led to the development of agriculture. Agriculture allowed humans to settle down in one place and produce their own food. * As human societies grew larger and more complex, they began to develop social hierarchies and specialized labor. This led to the emergence of cities. * The first cities emerged in Mesopotamia around 4000 BC. These cities were characterized by their large size, their complex social structures, and their advanced technology. * Over the next few thousand years, cities emerged in other parts of the world, such as Egypt, China, and India. * The development of cities was a major turning point in human history. It led to the development of new technologies, new forms of government, and new ways of thinking.
This is one of the most entertaining and enlightening anthro documentaries i've ever seen -- better than big budget stuff airing on big tv networks sharing this with everyone I know
This is well thought out and presented. The gradual transition to agriculture over a long period of time was propitious and prepared our ancestors for the changes in climate that came shortly thereafter. Well done!
Gobekli Tepe is indeed fascination. It's like a lens in time that focuses the most primitive of times into the birth of what we now call civilization. I wish information on Gobekli Tepe was easier to find and more plentiful, so I greatly appreciate your efforts making this wonderful video which will doubtless raise much needed attention to it.
Yeah but cocoa is a plant too. And so are cereals. Or grains or whatever. So really when I imagine wild grains and those wild grains are Cocoa Puffs. I’m alright with it
Essentially agriculture grew out of harvesting grasses that grew on plains as the snow receded from the last ice age. Makes me wonder if our fascination with preening our lawns is a subconscious return to those skills.
Its interesting how little we really know about the dawn of early human civilization. I mean this video goes from 20,000 bc to 3,000 bc in a matter of seconds.
@@888jackflash It's all relative though, isn't it? I'm sure they had plenty of exciting things within their own sphere of existence (just maybe spread out over longer timeframes relative to us now).
Just like the start of evolutionary history, most natural processes start out very, very slowly and then gradually build momentum over time. There were way less people on the planet back then and like another commenter said, things moved much more slowly. If you look back at the beginning of life on earth, it took literally BILLIONS OF YEARS just for life to evolve past single cellular organisms. However, in more recent evolutionary history (within the past 100 million years, say) we have had multiple mass extinctions, dinosaurs came and went, the first humans appeared, and all sorts of MAJOR major stuff happened!
I'm shocked that this channel still has under 100k subscribers, out of all of my nearly 300 subscriptions this channel has gotta be in the top 5 keep up the good work Histocrat
It's just so strange thinking how life used to be basically the same for thousands of years, whereas now you can scarcely keep up with all the changes in society. Modern civilization has really only been around for the last few hundred years. Before that people lived for thousands of years exactly the same as their ancestors
I was thinking the same thing recently - that most generations of parents, children, even grandparents, probably experienced more or less the same lifestyle and technology (within their respective lifetimes), up until relatively recently. The advances didn't change things within the span of a few generations - only over hundreds or thousands of years. That must have meant that family units and social groups were just fundamentally much tighter knit and had more in common.
Information didn’t spread then like it does now let alone 200 years ago. It was difficult to spread cultural advances very far. Thus Hunter gatherers being around thousands of years post domestication.
@@somsoc_ Perhaps it wasn't the exact same. Don't get me wrong I'm not being some crackpot theorist but it's entirely possible that's just not the case. Perhaps it's just the fact the history we really know to a decent enough level is just the 2500 years or so. We know bits and pieces before that with the Egyptians, Minoans, Indus River Valley, West Africans, Assyrians, Babylonians, Norte Chico, China and of course Ancient Sumer but we really don't understand it enough to concretely say that before that humans lived the EXACT same for that godamn long. Historians and Scientists usually base 'facts' on a mixture of actual facts and pretty accurate estimations based on what we know of in history and science so far. But here it seems as if they've completely chosen to just assume that the world was the godamn same for MILLENNIA. It's interesting to think of what we've missed or will never know without sci-fi's favourite gimmick (time travel) during the late prehistoric period that may actually instead be the early historic period (if we're basing it on written record). What could have been and gone truly is FASCINATING.
@@IblameBlame Mainstream archaeologists seem to be struggling with the mounting evidence that impacts current theories. It's like they're wearing blinkers.
I absolutely love this. I can only imagine the different cultures that lived all over the globe not just the ones we have found. After all if the water level was so much lower it stands to reason that alot of villages and towns would be underwater now. Thanks for posting this.
I always assumed most of human history is forever lost duo to the evidence being all underwater/underground, and even that perhaps the oldest civilizations we know about maybe were just outcasts that ran for the (at the time) hills and lived in limited conditions for the time
@@kora4185Eh, it's not that hard to check. There's a Greek (2k not 10k years ago) ruins dig site outside my house in Odesa, but further away, where now's seaport that russians bomb weekly, was a settlement before the sea level raised even further.
I have been doing research for my fantasy book set in a bronze-age technological setting, when I first stumbled across your channel. This is amazing and you should keep up the good work, I love the focus placed on ancient stone, copper, bronze and iron age people.
That's why we are all here... gotta figure out how they did it... then again, it's going to be harder with all the nuclear reactors, bombs, chemical residues, and contaminated soil... but we'll figure it out and when life expectancy shoots past 25yrs in the year 21688, humans will do it all again
if you nerds want to help continue civilization, become self sufficient, independent, reliant on yourself. think about why cities are left wing... they're dependent on farmers hundreds of miles away. collectivism is what you're against if you're for civilization.
I am confused my eyes must be deceiving me - the hue of these people are all pink or white - are you kidding everyone with your profile- who are your Patrons??
1 Out Of 7.7 Billion your eyes see - so please explain what you believe or what you see that I’m missing - I am of European heritage in case your wondering- having traced my history record to 1600s I know my ancestors. Kentish Cow hearers/Farmers
We honestly can't know how many times Farming, and Herding was developed. There's no records, of course (That's what pre-historic means) but in the hundreds of thousands of years before our first evidence was fossilized, evidence of farming, and animal husbandry doesn't really leave fossils. Not ones that last for tens of thousands of years, let alone hundreds of thousands. In the introduction, they kind of skipped through several stages. People settled down, started planting crops... Then, they started having enough food to make large cities, with commerce, and writing. However, they could have easily gotten to the gardening stage, ran into an Ice Age that no longer made it possible, then thousands of years later, the climate became more temperate again, and somebody realized what seeds do. Again. You don't even need stone tools to dig a hole, and drop a peach pit in. Beans sprout all on their own in favorable conditions. There's wild fields of Hemp, right now, simply because Hemp is hardier than whatever it might have to compete with there, despite several countries actively looking for hemp to beat it back (Because some varieties can be used as a drug.) The USDA has satellites, and helicopter mounted sensors looking for Marijuana, and they keep finding wild fields of hemp. That are still growing without human interference, simply because it's a hardy plant. There's seeds specifically designed to pass right through mammal's digestive tracts, so a tribe of about 30 Hunter gatherers could camp for a season, eating fruit, then come back to find a bunch of trees when they returned to that perennial camp. (Without even realizing why that area became so rich in those fruits, the animals that feed on them, and the honeybees that pollinate their flowers.) I'm not saying any of this ever happened, but it could have happened, without leaving any fossils when you've got millions of people, and hundreds of thousands of years. Also, there's ants and other invertebrates that do natural farming, and have before humans walked the Earth.
Right. There are Sumerian cities that had advanced infrastructure and have completely disappeared. Hard to say what has not taken place as far as early agriculture.
Well, I've discovered a new channel to listen to while studying! Thanks, it actually really helps me focusing (+ I'm kind of learning something new too!)
This may sound wierd, but anyone else fantasizes about living on the time period talked about in the video? A feeling that modern society has become too complex, stressful and overcomplicated and you'd just wanna move into simpler times where all the things were still undiscovered.
Yeah, but not for long. Constantly hungry, not knowing where next week's food was going to come from, women dying in childbirth all over, diseases that were mysteries, and any infection could lead to a slow, painful death. If you survived all that, you were likely to die from rotting teeth before you were 50. So, no thanks. You can keep it.
Their teeth were healthy, They most of the time had no problem with gathering and finding food, only in the winter obviously. The rest is true @@maartenvandam344
@@maartenvandam3441- Human biology makes it so that if you consistently eat less during a week then someone who eats more during a week the one who eats less will get hungry less often. Truthfully speaking hunting a single deer would have lasted one man many months upon end. 2- Women dying from childbirth was indeed an issue. That said having the process done in a clean area with constant sanitation helps greatly in reducing the risk. Remember most of the time women gave birth in the equivalent to modern barns with doctors who didn’t wash their hands ever. Ironically if you did go back in time using your own knowledge of sanitation could fix this issue in a small region. 3- Most of the disease were the same as the ones today but they were fewer of them. Big thing is hoping you don’t get something that can’t be cured with antibiotics. Otherwise as you said your basically fucked. 4- Teeth would not be an issue as long as you keep up modern brushing habits. Most teeth issues back then was because people didn’t brush. Additionally back then people didn’t eat as much sugar if your diet contains less sugar your teeth will be taking a lot less damage. This means teeth rotting you to death should not be an issue and even if it was ancient people did have rough medical technics to remove teeth. Worse come to worse you’d be stuck eating soup for the rest of your life. 5- The age you’d die at relates to how clean you keep your environment. This includes food, drinking water, cleaning water, living area and so on. Assuming you have a solid supply of food and don’t catch an incurable disease you’d be able to live until 70 maybe even 80. Remember most deaths came from a lack of understanding of the importance of cleanliness in those olden eras.
The Hindu Epic Ramayana clearly mentions Vega as a Pole star. which was true around 12000 BCE because the axis of the earth wobbles. This epic was clearly written long before the civilizations mentioned here so something does not add up.. the Gangetic plain had much more advanced civilization around 12000 BC. Unless ancient Indians knew about the wobble of the axis.. this would have been a pretty hard thing to make up.
That is all from a story developed around 500 B.C, from people who went to india around 1500 B.C. Earliest known evidence of vedic civilization is not in the gangetic plains but west to that river, in north india. Indus valley is the earliest known civilization in the whole subcontinent. I know you are very eager to say than ancient indians went to mars too, but do you see "fools" written on our foreheads. The shift in geographic poles is slower than the tectonic shift, and can be scientifically observed from the effect of changing magnetic fields. Last significant reversal happened about a million years ago. What does ramayana say about the gondwana land? Lol
The discovery that you CAN cache foodstuffs for use months hence is a tactic that various species have used since ... we don't know how long ago. Modifying available materials to enhance food storage was probably a very important discovery. Whether it happened before or after the development of language ... good question. A hypothesis (with obvious discoverable archaeological artefacts) : packing sun-dried tubers into sun-dried clay casings ("clay" sense : fine-grained mud ; I am a geologist and mean *no more* than "contracts and hardens on dehydration" in the word "clay") might be an originator of the idea "dried clay stores things edibly" turning towards the origin of pottery. I'd look for broken fire-hardened mud-brick food parcels adjacent to middens. Which is something that could easily be overlooked in previous excavations. (My culture, English with Irish flavour, still retains memory of "small prey baked in a clay jacket" in the category of "food".) That's a hypothesis - with a testing observation built in. Which in itself is a recommendation for this video - it provokes TESTABLE hypotheses. There are 2 recent (after this video was published?, or close ; the presenter cites a find also mentioned in the "discovery" paper) finds of "quern" stones (plant grinders) with attached smashed starch grains, from Italy, underlaying the ca.40kaBP "Campanian Ignimbrite" of the area. Whatever else, these show that processing plant matter (for food? GOOD question) was a habit, 30-odd ka before Göbekli Tepe etc. Agriculture had a LONG history before the ~10ka BP evidence from the Levant.
School is just to set your feet on the path of learning. You are only limited by your own limits. I saw a story on something that peaked my interest and would go find a book or two. Which led me to another spark and so on. I am 65 and still look up things that catch my eye. You never stop learning.
Depending on your age, there might have been a simple lack of information on this time period. Most of the sources used in this video are less than 10 years old. There's also the issue of priorities for a given curriculum. Teachers only get so much time to teach their material.
They just wanted to really make sure you know that Hitler was really bad and that you think that tribalism and borders are not modern, so that the political motives of the people who manage the curriculums can be brought on with the help of the children they indoctrinate.
That's because it is. History education is disappointingly weighed towards modern history, even in university its hard to find classes on ancient history outside of the archeology department.
Other people with a time machine: I'm your granddaughter Me with a time machine: "put the hoe down and get back to hunting and gathering, I don't want to work in a a cubicle anymore."
Domestication means that earlier and later humans weren't on a level playing field, the biology of the environment around us got easier and easier to work with over time. I didn't appreciate that before.
Congratulations for this meticulously researched archeological documentary about an extremely remote era, which is likely to remain largely mysterious, given the absence of precise data pertaining to the pre-pottery age. Particularly fascinating are the massive T shaped structures displaying images of numerous animals, without any indication of habitats and/or burials in their vicinity. It is beyond reasonable conjecture the reason behind their purpose, which required so much manpower, time and effort for their construction. Even more enigmatic, in my view, is the apparently deliberate entombment of the entire site after it was decided to fully abandon the area… Why?
probably something religious / proto-philosophical. At the end his explanation for the abandonment is that new religions arose around the new forms of living (different from nomadic hunting and gathering). Maybe later rulers decided to get rid of this old religion?
Thanks for your reply, Drumsgoon. At this point, all we can do is to conjecture about this bizarre issue, where any guess is probably as good as the next one. However, if you were to follow my point of view for a moment, taking into account the immense amount of physical, temporal and industrious resources required to build Gobekli Tepe, I can scarcely imagine that one day, "out of the blue," some leaders (for lack of a better term) of that primitive, hunter-gatherer society just "decided" to entomb that huge cryptic venture! Moreover, keeping in mind that it must also have taken a great deal of additional manpower, time and effort to bury the entire, huge area, I just cannot begin to imagine what could possibly have induced any group of Homo sapiens to pursue such an absurd path! Cheers!
@@Drumsgoon Thanks for your reply. At this point, all we can do is to conjecture about this bizarre issue, where any guess is probably as good as the next one. However, if you were to follow my point of view for a moment, taking into account the immense amount of physical, temporal and industrious resources required to build Gobekli Tepe, I can scarcely imagine that one day, "out of the blue," some leaders (for lack of a better term) of that primitive hunter-gatherer society just decided to entomb that huge cryptic venture! Moreover, keeping in mind that it must also have taken a great deal of additional manpower, time and effort to bury the entire, huge area, I just cannot begin to imagine what could possibly have induced any group of Homo sapiens to pursue such an absurd path!
If the timeline lines up, the careful entombment of sites like Gobekli tepe could be a direct consequence of the Younger Dryas event. The people wanted something to survive their end, and made preparations to ensure at least a small portion of their lives endured. The universal obsession with cosmology could be a result of destruction coming from the sky, whether by solar events or cosmic impacts. It seems every ancient culture was aware and deeply connected to the heavens, and if destruction came often enough, an almost racial memory of those events would be passed down. I believe humanity has evolved at least to something approaching the steam age at least once if not several times in the past, and only because of the relatively simple materials and long timescales involved are bits of evidence so scarce. We don't need "ancient aliens", humans are and have been extremely clever beings, more than capable of great achievements all on their own.
crazy to think, anyone of us watching this video, could've easily been one of those early humans, living thousands of years ago. we just happen to exist today and now. quite trippy when you think about it.
I always want to say hi to you. You are such a beauty I pray to God to give you a lot of beautiful days and I hope God bless you to have a great day, I'm Williams by name from Arizona phonex and you where are you from...?
Wow. Another great video. Well worth the wait, and imo worth the hard work you put in. I especially loved the new art & images you've been able to add. A vast improvement in the overall impact of the subject. I continue to find it fascinating how much rituals, spirituality and mythology can impact society. Makes me even think of Terence McKenna's theory. (Tho I'm still not completely convinced of that). I'm looking forward to the next 2 parts of this series. Great, great video!
It’s amazing to think that these civilisations emerged at around the same time, due to agriculture, is it possible that these early civilisations were actually in contact with each other somehow , through travelling people??
This has been great. I look forward to more to come and will definitely check out the rest of your videos. I recall back in 6th Grade my teacher had us play a group game. Each group of 4-6 students were their own tribe of hunter gathers..over the course of 4 weeks we moved our tribe across a map through the seasons and overcame various issues and "researched" (I.e homework/class work) various things to improve our tribe. Eventually we would all find a point in a mesopotamia esque region where we would settle and develop agriculture. That's when we transitioned into learning of the earliest first cities and rise of early civilizations. This age has returned to my again recently as I wish to do a DnD campaign in this setting at some point.
The Egyptians would have said a moon landing culture had alien assistance because a Saturn V is clearly too massive to have been built by 400,000 workers.😂
@@IvorMektin1701 I am sure that's what any civilization after us will actually think about us (if humanity still exists until then). "There is no way they built the Eiffel Tower with their primitive technology - it must have been aliens!!" Hell, there are probably some delusional people right now who think this, since some honestly believe that everyone but themselves are aliens anyway…
General sources:
Chris Scarre (2018) The Human Past. Fourth Edition.
Klaus Schmidt (2012) Gobekli Tepe: A Stone Age Sanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia.
Marc Van De Mieroop (2016) A History of the Ancient Near East. Third Edition.
Amanda H. Podany (2014) The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction.
Video References:
Stefan Milo (2019) How bad was the Younger Dryas? Causes-Megafauna-Civilisation.
References:
Gautney and Holliday (2015) New estimations of habitable land area and human population size at the last glacial maximum. Journal of Archaeological Science.
Watkins (2010) New Light on Neolithic Revolution in south-west Asia. Antiquity.
Revedin et al. (2010) Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing. PNAS.
Spivak and Nadel (2016) The use of stone at Ohalo II, a 23,000 year old site in the Jordan Valley, Israel. Journal of Lithic Studies.
Groman-Yaroslavski et al. (2016) Composite Sickles and Cereal Harvesting Methods at 23,000-Years-Old Ohalo II, Israel. PLOS ONE.
Snir et al. (2015) The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long Before Neolithic Farming. PLOS ONE.
Maher et al. (2012) Twenty Thousand-Year-Old Huts at a Hunter-Gatherer Settlement in Eastern Jordan. PLOS ONE.
Ramsey et al. (2018) Risk, Reliability and Resilience: Phytolith Evidence for Alternative ‘Neolithization’ Pathways at Kharaneh IV in the Azraq Basin, Jordan. PLOS ONE.
Maher et al. (2015) Occupying wide open spaces? Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer activities in the Eastern Levant. Quaternary International.
Grosman et al. (2016) Nahal Ein Gev II, a Late Natufian Community at the Sea of Galilee. PLOS ONE.
Liu et al. (2018) Fermented beverage and food storage in 13,000 y-old stone mortars at Raqefet Cave, Israel: Investigating Natufian ritual feasting. Journal of Archaeological Science:
Reports.
Richter et al. (2017) High Resolution AMS Dates from Shubayqa 1, northeast Jordan Reveal Complex Origins of Late Epipalaeolithic Natufian in the Levant. Scientific Reports.
Arranz-Otaegui (2018) Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. PNAS.
Eitam et al. (2015) Experimental Barley Flour Production in 12,500-Year-Old Rock-Cut Mortars in Southwestern Asia. PLOS ONE.
Grosman et al. (2008) A 12,000-year-old Shaman burial from the southern Levant (Israel). PNAS.
Dubreuil et al. (2019) Evidence of ritual breakage of a ground stone tool at the Late Natufian site of Hilazon Tachtit cave (12,000 years ago). PLOS ONE.
Olszewski (2012) The Zarzian in the Context of the Epipaleolithic Middle East. International Journal of the Humanities.
Rosen and Rivera-Collazo (2012) Climate change, adaptive cycles, and the persistence of foraging economies during the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the Levant. PNAS.
Lorenzo Nigro (2014) The Archaeology of Collapse and Resilience: Tell es-Sultan/Ancient Jericho as a case study. ROSAPAT 11.
Dietrich et al. (2012) The role of cult and feasting in the emergence of Neolithic communities. New evidence from Gobekli Tepe, south-eastern Turkey. Antiquity.
Dietrich et al. (2017) Feasting, Social Complexity, and the Emergence of the Early Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. In book: Feast, Famine or Fight?: Multiple Pathways to Social Complexity.
Dietrich et al. (2019) Cereal Processing at Early Neolithic Gobekli Tepe, southeastern Turkey. PLOS ONE.
No mention of Africa huh?
@@iAm223 No mention of Fred, Wilma, Barney and Betty either.
I'm hugely disappointed.
tsopmocful cute but you have no civilized people or civilization without Africa
tsopmocful now look into ishango bone then cross check the rest of the world and see what everyone else was doing
Just some constructive criticism here. I hope you take it as such. No ill will meant.
The true start is at 9:46. Why such a long convoluted preamble of talking about what you are going to talk about, in future tense about the past no less. That was jarring, and so unnecessary.
And more dates. Please more dates. What is more important when talking about history than the date? It's so frustrating watching so many of these documentaries where they jump from time to time and treat dates as incidental to be mentioned here and there. I wish all history documentaries kept a permanent timeline on screen always displaying the date(or approximation) they are covering in that moment.
But overall good documentary and thank you for the effort.
Those ancient villagers didn't realize that if they would just collect 500 food and 200 gold they could level up to the Castle age at their town center then have Knights to fight with.
If you two ever need eye spectacle tape, you let me know; I got a guy.
No tutorial, no help section, and no replies from the devs. 😤
didn't have a manuel before printing...
Fast castle into knight rush OP asf
LOL
It really puts your life in perspective when you think about how many generations of people have come before.
If you go back even more generations, you'd meet your fish ancestors.
@@vanillajack5925 huh?
@@vanillajack5925 You do know that's not how evolution works, right?
@@TheGemar14 That's exactly how it works, where do you think amphibians, reptiles, and mammals came from?
@@vanillajack5925 What I meant is, the common ancestor of both mammals and fish would be an organism that is technically neither a mammal nor a fish. So, semantic disagreement
Fascinating. I really like the way the presenter is not bound to any narrative, but freely states if something is unknown. The sign of a real historian.
Yeah too bad so much of Academia really doesn't think that way like all of the water erosion on the pyramids people won't believe that they're older than they think. They found all those underground cities from hundreds of thousands of years ago and no one will admit that there was civilization before ours that had to come in and go. Civilization that lived through these ice ages a quarter of a million years and you really think there wasn't any other civilization that explored this world people are nuts it only took us a couple of thousand years why do you think it couldn't happen before and got an erased from some sort of climate change
nickolas reyes the only thing is we would be able to track if there was ever a previous civilisation like ours from co2 levels although there are no quick or much noticeable rises in co2 from our past. Unless there was an advanced civilazion that somehow lived their live completely different to us and didn’t go to the levels of harmful industrialisation as we did so higher co2 levels wouldn’t show up. Who knows though if we got wiped out by an asteroid or flood right now, then in around 10000 years or more there might not be any evidence we were even here either
@@nickkings7881 I take it this comment is parody?
@@Aithis. Given what we know of geology and biology, as far as we can tell, it should be close to impossible to not notice signs of current-level human civilization, for hundreds of thousands or even millions of years into the future, should we be wiped out and someone actually bothered to look.
All the right angles of our buildings, for one, are exceedingly unlikely to be confused with natural formations - certainly not on the scale we've produced them, and a good amount of them would be preserved for millions of years to come, given their sheer size and number, never mind the presence of such on all continents. Plus, all the vast quantities of tools/clothing/cemeteries we'd be leaving behind - if even a tiny fractions are preserved/fossilize, it would take effort to not connect the dots. There's also circumstantial evidence, such as domestic animals leaving tell-tell traces in the fossil record. Never mind our mile-wide trash heaps, or, come to think of it, piles and piles of nuclear waste packed nice and tight underground in dozens of sites, worldwide. Heck, the Moon Lander and Neil Armstrong's foot prints might survive a few epochs themselves, given the lack of an atmosphere on the Moon (though micro-meteorites will eventually disturb them... but that lander's pretty sturdy).
Actually, given the huge amount of geostationary garbage that we currently have in Earth's orbit, I wouldn't be surprised if a detectable amount of such would still be glaringly detectable for a few thousands, if not millions of years from now.
So, no. We've definitely left our mark here. And for the same reasons we would have found signs of earlier advanced (post-industrial at the very least and likely bronze-age or later) civilizations already.
@@Aithis. ever heard of C14. The decay rate has been constant until we increased it at Trinity. This proves there was no nuclear power in the past. That is not to say that there was no leverage or hydrological based complex civilisation in the past. Only that there is no evidence. However an absence is not a proof. Best stick to been the God of your favourite empire building game
you know its a good video when you get assigned to watch it by a professor and when you click link you already watched 40 minutes
A "professor" who even know how to write the word "civilizatión".
@@Cronoviajeroit’s British spelling, and you didn’t spell it right either there’s no accent
Imagine how rich and old our culture is, evolving for thousands and thousands of years before recorded history. The amount of information on our ancestors we'll never know is simply unfair. Civilizations, cultures and histories remaining unknown for all time.... all that's left are pieces and gravel.
They will never know about us either.
"...My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away"
(Shelley).
@@LindaLinda80Linda I beg to differ tbh. The internet has been able to record all human culture for the past 30 years. It's essentialy a giant archive of 21st century humanity.
I could see future humans researching the the internet the same way we do archeology now
@@MagikarpMan 30 years is ok
There were multiple civilisations before ours, that rose and fell over the millennia, just as there were multiple cataclysmic events, that divided different eras. Last one was atlantean, and we don't even remember that it really existed.
A pretty major correction at 1:02, I was supposed to say 300,000 years ago. This is what it said in my script, for some stupid reason I read out 30,000 and never noticed whilst making the video.
Also two minor corrections:
1. Where I say '"Global temperatures were on average lower by 20 degrees C", a more accurate version is temperatures were lower by 20 degrees in some places, not on average. My sources got this right, I just misread it.
2. its El Wad cave not "El Wadi" as I said in the video. I didn't notice this until now despite hearing it back about 20 times.
We appreciate your corrections but don't be so hard on yourself. Most youtubers don't do half the research and fact checking that you do.
Thank you for posting this.
@@dixztube actually, you're right. I agree with you.
You're probably going to change most topics in the video in a few years now that the archeological instruments and methods are even better.
Nice, I was just about to check out when you said that and am glad to see the correction here. Will continue watching. Cheers!
Thanks for the video. I am so fed up with UA-cam suggesting all these conspiracy history videos; ancient aliens, hidden history, unbelievable ancient technology. And the videos have millions of views and worst part the viewers believe them to be facts. Saddens me, but I'm glad to have your videos
I must say I sometimes watch that kind of videos, just for entertainment, to see what bizarre ideas and 'connections' they've managed to conjure up this time. Thinking about the number of people that actually take that #@$%! seriously is less fun, though.
hidden history doesn’t fit with the others! lol but i agree
You don’t say
I hate watching those too man. You end up with more questions than answers, on those smh
Some of those conspiracies are amusing to entertain as possibilities. I think Hollow Earth and Agartha are pretty cool. Even involved Nayzees in Antarctica!
Aside from the quality content I find in all of your series, I really appreciate there is a real human narrating them and not a robot computer.
Histocrat - uploads. Me - yes.
We just need one from you now 🙏🙏😉
@@joannaoconnor9418 we need it now 😤
Is it same voice China unsensered?🤔🤔🤔🤔
Yes yes yes
Sublime statement.
I love these videos, the thing that fascinates me the most is the fact that so many people lived before writing was invented, and we will never know the names of these people, we will never know their stories, they are a mystery that probably will never be unraveled to us. This part of our history is the most unknown to us and i love that about it.
Thanks for the upload, histocrat
We will never know what languages they spoke or how they relate to any known about languages.
@@IblameBlame Exactly! I also love philology and thinking about how all these people had different languages that we will never know and we will never be able to speak them..
@Chimpin Out this is a weird narrative to drive since we have several examples of pre-modern cultures that allowed a non-binary gender system. Hate really is just a you thing, not some natural human instinct for you to pretend is justification.
My goodness, this is refreshing. Unlike the History channel, you actually talk about History. Thank you. Your videos are awesome.
The history channel is poop, and not the kind that is useful is determining our great (x50,000) grandpeople's dietary habits.
@@peterj-s6421 you failed history class huh?
@@peterj-s6421 you failed history class huh?
@@davidmichels9454 🗣️💨
The history channel on UA-cam is actually very good, there isn’t a single good thing on cable tv so its not fair to call them trash because its the networks fault.
This channel is great for learning while falling asleep. The narration is so comprehensive and calming. I comprise many of these views.
👋 are you agreed of all that things which he told us or you disagree with some of this
Lol I just put this on while laying in bed. The algorithm knows best lol
Now this is what youtube was meant for.
gwanael34 just what I was going to say. I’m so over the flerf community .... it’s all my algorithm knows now .... dam 🤦🏼♀️
gwanael34 • And cats!
@@bananapeaches6370 just start clicking not interested on every one of the videos you see eventually they will disappear.
gwanael34 I love this type of content, but your statement isn’t really true. This site was nothing but shitposts in 2006.
It was DEFINITELY made for shitposts and silly cat videos, but I'm superbly grateful histocrat's content is on here too haha.
I wish time travel was real. It would be so interesting to go back in a time and see all these ancient prehistoric places when they were new and thriving with our ancestors.
It is real I'm from 2000Bc I'm just visiting
@@ant-cb6hv woahhh Sick!
I always want to say hi to you. You are such a beauty I pray to God to give you a lot of beautiful days and I hope God bless you to have a great day, I'm Williams by name from Arizona phonex and you where are you from...?
those time traveler prolly will die instantly of they encounter human at that time. They were build for hunt
💪🏻😎
I find the period between 11,000BCE - 1,500BCE exceptionally fascinating. Your video really could take the place of an introductory course it’s that good.
@Ian Novak -1499 is when the first Taco Bell appeared. Totally ruined everything. Anyway, I agree with @Chris Dooley.
You live in a FAR more fascinating, FAR more happening time.
it's actually the really obscure part of our history, hence the interest it triggers
but the story just doesnt make sense..
domesticating wolves ? killing entire species ? we were supposed to be less than 2millions over the entire planet... how did we do that? makes no sense
im not saying i have the truth, im just pointing out the inconsistencies of this theory...
btw.. anyone said pyramids ?
@@EvilSapphireR I'm willing to disagree about that, since it probably really depends on your social hierarchical status. If you're in one of the lowest groups of modern society life may have been more interesting 10.000 years ago rather than now.
I personally feel like that most humans would have been better off without civilisation for most of human history. It's only been these last 100 years that civilisation has improved the position of everyone in large areas on the globe.
@@EvilSapphireR I'm romantic about the past, can't help it
I love that the title specifies the range being covered is 11200 years which seems like a nice small chunk to get through, but then you realise that's over 5 times as long as the modern era so far.
To any aspiring UA-cam creators: see how this channel uses real sources and has done their own research? Be like this channel, not the ones that just do a few quick google searches and watch a few UA-cam videos and then regurgitate what they found.
Watch Voices of The Past on youtube. You would really have to go out of your way to find the info there
No...he missed adam, eve and all the prophets and kings.
@@kingofdetroit358 Who are they? Never heard of em.
@@kingofdetroit358 Thats a yikes. Stop being a bad Christian please.
@@WarbossFraka I don't assosiate partners with god...before noahs flood the same thing happened just like this. People saying gods a myth n science made everything...this next catastrophic will be the next. Its already been 1500 years since the last prophet n noahs got destroyed 1600-2000 years after creation. So the wrath of God should happen within the next 10 generations after us or sooner.
The tower certainly could be defensive. Defensive towers are common inside settlements and walls too, a fallback point, to protect a powerful person, to protect supplies, or all three. An ancient keep as such. I know it's a more modern thing but if you can build a tower it's not a huge jump to see it can be used defensively from the inside of the wall.
For anyone who like me is absolutely in love with stone age anthropology, I strongly recommend the Earth’s Children book series by Jean Auel, beginning with Clan of the Cave Bear. Though fiction, Auel paints the world of the Paleolithic with a vibrant brush bringing to life this ancient realm with a level of detail Tolkien himself would have found harrowing. You’ll learn about ancient technologies and methods while being immersed in cultures and live so rich that it can sometimes be hard to remember they are works of imagination.
They are the very thing that sparked my fascination with stone age anthropology
Very good series of books.
Bought the omnibus and started the first book, it is greatly interesting and beautifully written! Thanks for the recommendation.
I read that series quite a few years ago. A great series!
I love Clan of the Cave Bear! Didn't know it was part of a series. Will look into it right now! Thank u! 😊
@@seafoambeachcomb it gets so much better after that book!
I can’t thank you enough for having proper ENG subtitle. Now I can watch and understand each word slowly and effectively
😊
Wow man, I don't know why I've been missing your show but this is presented as well as any big documentary. The only difference is you don't get the budget to present on location. Great work!
I think it's worth contacting Netflix, Amazon and the like and telling them how much we enjoy these documentaries, and suggesting that they work together to produce a series. It is honestly such good work that deserves a bigger platform and budget.
The detail, the engagement, the writing. This is gold, make more
Other scientists: I don't know what purpose this thing serves.
Archaeologists: *R I T U A L P U R P O S E S*
Archaeologists: Ritual Purposes
Morons: *A L I E N S / A D V A N C E D A N C I E N T C I V I L I S A T I O N S*
Ritual purposes just means "no obvious practical use", doesn't it? That's not zero information.
@Jasta 2 you must do rituals to honor God of Shoes, otherwise you will step on Lego.
Humans: Sometimes we just make things because lol
@Narlepoaxlll 😊 Francis Pryor on every episode of Time Team.
I grew up on a 1700 acre farm that leased it's fields to our neighbors in exchange for them bringing their metal working needs to us. Along with a percentage of the crop.
Mostly what I learned is that people in cities suck bad, and I need nothing from them.
Built my house on my mountain and all you can destroy this world as you see fit. I'll be dead and won't worry about you at all.
I love this era of history, simply fascinating.
Cormac You and me both! Mankind harnessed Mother Earth, then the rest is History.
Prehistory is a strange time to study.
Yes!
It is so fascinating indeed one wonders how life was at Ahlo 2 and what happened to it !
Technically it isn't history, it's prehistory
An excellent documentary that pieces all these pivotal changes together in a very coherent way, along with a perfect visual presentation.
Brilliant. Unbiased and detailed account of human civilisation citing science, geology, archaeology and physical evidence. Plenty I didn't know or wasn't certain about. Fabulous production.
@ref eds Plenty of people make stuff up. People often deny truth.
@ref eds oh you'd be surprised at the vast amounts of reasons people find to ignore evidence, or fabricate their own narratives.
@ref edsIf he gives examples then it would become racial.
What the science geology and archeology he's using is biased 🤔
@@zeustutu1364 Do tell me what isn't biased in your "unbiased" opinion.
The video is about the history of human civilization, from the Paleolithic era to the emergence of the first cities.
Here is a summary of the key points from the video:
* The Paleolithic era was a period of time that lasted from around 2.6 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago. During this time, humans were hunter-gatherers and lived in small groups.
* Around 10,000 years ago, the Earth's climate began to warm and the ice sheets began to melt. This led to a rise in sea levels and the flooding of many coastal areas. As a result, humans were forced to move inland and adopt a new way of life.
* Humans began to domesticate animals and plants, and this led to the development of agriculture. Agriculture allowed humans to settle down in one place and produce their own food.
* As human societies grew larger and more complex, they began to develop social hierarchies and specialized labor. This led to the emergence of cities.
* The first cities emerged in Mesopotamia around 4000 BC. These cities were characterized by their large size, their complex social structures, and their advanced technology.
* Over the next few thousand years, cities emerged in other parts of the world, such as Egypt, China, and India.
* The development of cities was a major turning point in human history. It led to the development of new technologies, new forms of government, and new ways of thinking.
Excellent presentation
What about nelish nilkanth oke......????
Except its quite white.
@@stopitnow7762 bruh
Very white considering the white skin mutation only kicked in about 4, 5000 years ago ?
It's sad to see stupid people, ugly people reproduce more. What does this leads to? Where is Darwin?
Can't wait to dig into this!
Stefan!!! If you’re here, I know I’m on the right track.
Stefan Milo I watch your videos stefan
With your spoon.
I didn't want this to end! Fantastic work. It's as if you custom made this video for me! Can't wait for the next part!!!
I’ve watched countless ancient history documentaries, but this one stands out for its depth and detail!
This is one of the most entertaining and enlightening anthro documentaries i've ever seen -- better than big budget stuff airing on big tv networks
sharing this with everyone I know
I wonder how long I'll lay in peace before they dig me up and try to figure out what I was eating.
Eating hotdog and cereal and out dated milk
Who knows? Maybe they'll have the technology to bring you back to life and ask you directly ...
@@paulohagan3309 hey hey hey hey let’s don’t get carry away now you can’t bring a soul back to life unless you’re Jesus or god
@@Kingmelo47 Some of you relgious types are pretty humorless, aren't you?
@@Kingmelo47 Jesus wasn't the only necromancer.
This is well thought out and presented. The gradual transition to agriculture over a long period of time was propitious and prepared our ancestors for the changes in climate that came shortly thereafter. Well done!
Gobekli Tepe is indeed fascination.
It's like a lens in time that focuses the most primitive of times into the birth of what we now call civilization.
I wish information on Gobekli Tepe was easier to find and more plentiful, so I greatly appreciate your efforts making this wonderful video which will doubtless raise much needed attention to it.
There's no shortage of info about Gobekli Tepe, more or less every known detail about it, is available online...
🎉
Every time he says wild cereals my brain just pictures a field of cocoa puffs and I just can't even
Wild spear wielding Cocoa Puffs... yet to be enslaved by the pale faced Cheerios and their thin milk.
Yeah but cocoa is a plant too. And so are cereals. Or grains or whatever. So really when I imagine wild grains and those wild grains are Cocoa Puffs. I’m alright with it
These facts are devastating to religions based on the Bible especially the Genesis account.
@@Mabeylater293 big if true god invented fruity pebbles, no mortal could have unlocked the universe to make those.
Essentially agriculture grew out of harvesting grasses that grew on plains as the snow receded from the last ice age. Makes me wonder if our fascination with preening our lawns is a subconscious return to those skills.
Its interesting how little we really know about the dawn of early human civilization. I mean this video goes from 20,000 bc to 3,000 bc in a matter of seconds.
Like rural living... there probably wasn't much of anything exciting to report. People hunted..Gathered.. lived & died, with little fanfare or change.
@@888jackflash It's all relative though, isn't it? I'm sure they had plenty of exciting things within their own sphere of existence (just maybe spread out over longer timeframes relative to us now).
Just like the start of evolutionary history, most natural processes start out very, very slowly and then gradually build momentum over time. There were way less people on the planet back then and like another commenter said, things moved much more slowly. If you look back at the beginning of life on earth, it took literally BILLIONS OF YEARS just for life to evolve past single cellular organisms. However, in more recent evolutionary history (within the past 100 million years, say) we have had multiple mass extinctions, dinosaurs came and went, the first humans appeared, and all sorts of MAJOR major stuff happened!
We only know 3% of human history
It's not that it's unknown it's just not talked about because it doesn't fit the narrative.
I'm shocked that this channel still has under 100k subscribers, out of all of my nearly 300 subscriptions this channel has gotta be in the top 5 keep up the good work Histocrat
Alexander Jenkins Do I even want to know what a WAP is?
@Aleš Kirsch Thanks
@Aleš Kirsch Ya got me.
@Aleš Kirsch you’re a character.
Good content but the monotone voice sends me to sleep!
" Necessity is the mother of invention". It is amazing what our ancestors were cable of doing.
It's just so strange thinking how life used to be basically the same for thousands of years, whereas now you can scarcely keep up with all the changes in society.
Modern civilization has really only been around for the last few hundred years. Before that people lived for thousands of years exactly the same as their ancestors
I was thinking the same thing recently - that most generations of parents, children, even grandparents, probably experienced more or less the same lifestyle and technology (within their respective lifetimes), up until relatively recently. The advances didn't change things within the span of a few generations - only over hundreds or thousands of years. That must have meant that family units and social groups were just fundamentally much tighter knit and had more in common.
@@somsoc_ This might explain why younger generations are more depressed
@@happymolecule8894 Depression in young folks is a pretty multi faceted issue i think but ya, constant change is probably a factor.
Information didn’t spread then like it does now let alone 200 years ago. It was difficult to spread cultural advances very far. Thus Hunter gatherers being around thousands of years post domestication.
@@somsoc_ Perhaps it wasn't the exact same. Don't get me wrong I'm not being some crackpot theorist but it's entirely possible that's just not the case. Perhaps it's just the fact the history we really know to a decent enough level is just the 2500 years or so. We know bits and pieces before that with the Egyptians, Minoans, Indus River Valley, West Africans, Assyrians, Babylonians, Norte Chico, China and of course Ancient Sumer but we really don't understand it enough to concretely say that before that humans lived the EXACT same for that godamn long. Historians and Scientists usually base 'facts' on a mixture of actual facts and pretty accurate estimations based on what we know of in history and science so far. But here it seems as if they've completely chosen to just assume that the world was the godamn same for MILLENNIA. It's interesting to think of what we've missed or will never know without sci-fi's favourite gimmick (time travel) during the late prehistoric period that may actually instead be the early historic period (if we're basing it on written record). What could have been and gone truly is FASCINATING.
One of the things I’m really interested about is pre-early history and it sucks because there’s so little known about it but this is a great video
Youve done it again, histocrat. Fantasic video. Cant wait for the next chapter.
Gebekli Tepe is such a stark contrast to everything else shown in this video. Shockingly different, actually.
Yeah this video is explaining the mainstream idea, not the true history..
@@kalebgullan4157 because nobody knows "the true history" from that time.
@@IblameBlame Mainstream archaeologists seem to be struggling with the mounting evidence that impacts current theories. It's like they're wearing blinkers.
@@kalebgullan4157 go away already
@@nickinskeephe’s right. Prehistory wasn’t recorded well but a lot has transpired even during 30,000 BCE.
I absolutely love this. I can only imagine the different cultures that lived all over the globe not just the ones we have found. After all if the water level was so much lower it stands to reason that alot of villages and towns would be underwater now. Thanks for posting this.
Like Doggerland!
interesting.. did people have names before they used symbols?
@@Barcodez5555 yes, they did, but the Europeans ruined that.
I always assumed most of human history is forever lost duo to the evidence being all underwater/underground, and even that perhaps the oldest civilizations we know about maybe were just outcasts that ran for the (at the time) hills and lived in limited conditions for the time
@@kora4185Eh, it's not that hard to check. There's a Greek (2k not 10k years ago) ruins dig site outside my house in Odesa, but further away, where now's seaport that russians bomb weekly, was a settlement before the sea level raised even further.
I have been doing research for my fantasy book set in a bronze-age technological setting, when I first stumbled across your channel. This is amazing and you should keep up the good work, I love the focus placed on ancient stone, copper, bronze and iron age people.
yes, for fantasy books this channel is good, for facts not so much
@@mpfilgueiras And what are your facts? Oh that's right, you have none
Hey when you finish your book or have some part of it published, it would be cool for us to read it! I wish you the best of luck!
Hi, how's the book coming along? Would be nice to read it once finished.
The way this year is going I figured I need a refresher course on how to restart civilization.
You and me both friend, you and me both.
That's why we are all here... gotta figure out how they did it... then again, it's going to be harder with all the nuclear reactors, bombs, chemical residues, and contaminated soil... but we'll figure it out and when life expectancy shoots past 25yrs in the year 21688, humans will do it all again
That’s precisely why I’m researching the 24Kya and 12Kya periods - for hints on how best to encourage the next round of civilization.
if you nerds want to help continue civilization, become self sufficient, independent, reliant on yourself. think about why cities are left wing... they're dependent on farmers hundreds of miles away. collectivism is what you're against if you're for civilization.
Very well researched. Easy to listen to and very informative. A lot of work went into providing this, W.
Hands down one of the best documentaries ever made.
Yeah, I mean, but, have you seen Tiger King?
The artwork in your docs are amazing. Overall just a really well made piece your team has made. Bravo.
I love the images being used.
Been wondering why they all look European. Pretty sure prehistoric man probably looked a bit different...
@@ac-fw4vr they're not all European, those are just the ones you apparently notice or are familiar to your eyes..
I am confused my eyes must be deceiving me - the hue of these people are all pink or white - are you kidding everyone with your profile- who are your Patrons??
@@NjieSeedy what
1 Out Of 7.7 Billion your eyes see - so please explain what you believe or what you see that I’m missing - I am of European heritage in case your wondering- having traced my history record to 1600s I know my ancestors. Kentish Cow hearers/Farmers
also the Indus River culture was a very early farming culture, all is quite interesting
Thank you for your efforts in producing this channel. What a great treat to see this new episode after a tough day.
The last time I was this early, it was the late Pleistocene.
Lmfao 😆
One of the best historical documentaries I ever seen. Bravo!
I was blown away by the detail in this ancient history documentary. It's a must-watch!
The brain goes wild with thought and imagination to how life must have been in these truly ancient lands !
Constant struggle for survival.
Not true
@@JUANCARPENTERO What isn't true?
@@TheGemar14 he's just a troll
Your content just keeps getting better and better, and it's been great since day 1. Keep up the good work, fellas
We honestly can't know how many times Farming, and Herding was developed. There's no records, of course (That's what pre-historic means) but in the hundreds of thousands of years before our first evidence was fossilized, evidence of farming, and animal husbandry doesn't really leave fossils. Not ones that last for tens of thousands of years, let alone hundreds of thousands. In the introduction, they kind of skipped through several stages. People settled down, started planting crops... Then, they started having enough food to make large cities, with commerce, and writing. However, they could have easily gotten to the gardening stage, ran into an Ice Age that no longer made it possible, then thousands of years later, the climate became more temperate again, and somebody realized what seeds do. Again. You don't even need stone tools to dig a hole, and drop a peach pit in. Beans sprout all on their own in favorable conditions. There's wild fields of Hemp, right now, simply because Hemp is hardier than whatever it might have to compete with there, despite several countries actively looking for hemp to beat it back (Because some varieties can be used as a drug.) The USDA has satellites, and helicopter mounted sensors looking for Marijuana, and they keep finding wild fields of hemp. That are still growing without human interference, simply because it's a hardy plant. There's seeds specifically designed to pass right through mammal's digestive tracts, so a tribe of about 30 Hunter gatherers could camp for a season, eating fruit, then come back to find a bunch of trees when they returned to that perennial camp. (Without even realizing why that area became so rich in those fruits, the animals that feed on them, and the honeybees that pollinate their flowers.) I'm not saying any of this ever happened, but it could have happened, without leaving any fossils when you've got millions of people, and hundreds of thousands of years. Also, there's ants and other invertebrates that do natural farming, and have before humans walked the Earth.
Very well said
There would be genetic evidence for even that low level of development.
Right. There are Sumerian cities that had advanced infrastructure and have completely disappeared. Hard to say what has not taken place as far as early agriculture.
We honestly can
@@geraldfriend256 Only sumerians?
Isn’t it amazing how myself and you, the one whose reading this, are currently living in a time frame where EVERYTHING and ANYTHING is available.
Superb summary of material normally buried in unreadable technical papers. Thank you!
Great video. Thanks. A mini-course in archaeology in less than an hour. Looking forward to the next episode.
Well, I've discovered a new channel to listen to while studying! Thanks, it actually really helps me focusing (+ I'm kind of learning something new too!)
This may sound wierd, but anyone else fantasizes about living on the time period talked about in the video? A feeling that modern society has become too complex, stressful and overcomplicated and you'd just wanna move into simpler times where all the things were still undiscovered.
Yeah, but not for long. Constantly hungry, not knowing where next week's food was going to come from, women dying in childbirth all over, diseases that were mysteries, and any infection could lead to a slow, painful death.
If you survived all that, you were likely to die from rotting teeth before you were 50.
So, no thanks. You can keep it.
I’m the opposite. I love looking at these kinds of videos in the comfort of my own home to makes me appreciate how good i have it.
Their teeth were healthy, They most of the time had no problem with gathering and finding food, only in the winter obviously. The rest is true @@maartenvandam344
@@maartenvandam3441- Human biology makes it so that if you consistently eat less during a week then someone who eats more during a week the one who eats less will get hungry less often. Truthfully speaking hunting a single deer would have lasted one man many months upon end.
2- Women dying from childbirth was indeed an issue. That said having the process done in a clean area with constant sanitation helps greatly in reducing the risk.
Remember most of the time women gave birth in the equivalent to modern barns with doctors who didn’t wash their hands ever.
Ironically if you did go back in time using your own knowledge of sanitation could fix this issue in a small region.
3- Most of the disease were the same as the ones today but they were fewer of them. Big thing is hoping you don’t get something that can’t be cured with antibiotics.
Otherwise as you said your basically fucked.
4- Teeth would not be an issue as long as you keep up modern brushing habits. Most teeth issues back then was because people didn’t brush.
Additionally back then people didn’t eat as much sugar if your diet contains less sugar your teeth will be taking a lot less damage.
This means teeth rotting you to death should not be an issue and even if it was ancient people did have rough medical technics to remove teeth.
Worse come to worse you’d be stuck eating soup for the rest of your life.
5- The age you’d die at relates to how clean you keep your environment. This includes food, drinking water, cleaning water, living area and so on.
Assuming you have a solid supply of food and don’t catch an incurable disease you’d be able to live until 70 maybe even 80.
Remember most deaths came from a lack of understanding of the importance of cleanliness in those olden eras.
I enjoyed tbe background picture presentation and videography during the historic narration. It was captivating ! Thank you !
The Hindu Epic Ramayana clearly mentions Vega as a Pole star. which was true around 12000 BCE because the axis of the earth wobbles. This epic was clearly written long before the civilizations mentioned here so something does not add up.. the Gangetic plain had much more advanced civilization around 12000 BC. Unless ancient Indians knew about the wobble of the axis.. this would have been a pretty hard thing to make up.
That is all from a story developed around 500 B.C, from people who went to india around 1500 B.C. Earliest known evidence of vedic civilization is not in the gangetic plains but west to that river, in north india. Indus valley is the earliest known civilization in the whole subcontinent. I know you are very eager to say than ancient indians went to mars too, but do you see "fools" written on our foreheads.
The shift in geographic poles is slower than the tectonic shift, and can be scientifically observed from the effect of changing magnetic fields. Last significant reversal happened about a million years ago.
What does ramayana say about the gondwana land? Lol
I love chilling out to these so relaxing and informative its a definite win win keep up the good work 💪
Imagine being the first to discover you should get food for next week.
The discovery that you CAN cache foodstuffs for use months hence is a tactic that various species have used since ... we don't know how long ago.
Modifying available materials to enhance food storage was probably a very important discovery. Whether it happened before or after the development of language ... good question.
A hypothesis (with obvious discoverable archaeological artefacts) : packing sun-dried tubers into sun-dried clay casings ("clay" sense : fine-grained mud ; I am a geologist and mean *no more* than "contracts and hardens on dehydration" in the word "clay") might be an originator of the idea "dried clay stores things edibly" turning towards the origin of pottery. I'd look for broken fire-hardened mud-brick food parcels adjacent to middens. Which is something that could easily be overlooked in previous excavations.
(My culture, English with Irish flavour, still retains memory of "small prey baked in a clay jacket" in the category of "food".)
That's a hypothesis - with a testing observation built in. Which in itself is a recommendation for this video - it provokes TESTABLE hypotheses.
There are 2 recent (after this video was published?, or close ; the presenter cites a find also mentioned in the "discovery" paper) finds of "quern" stones (plant grinders) with attached smashed starch grains, from Italy, underlaying the ca.40kaBP "Campanian Ignimbrite" of the area. Whatever else, these show that processing plant matter (for food? GOOD question) was a habit, 30-odd ka before Göbekli Tepe etc. Agriculture had a LONG history before the ~10ka BP evidence from the Levant.
best cure for a hangover is your artful delivery of all that and more! thanks from Vancouver B.C.!
Thanks for making this video, I've always find our progress as a civilization inspiring
This seems like an entire era we hardly skimmed in K-12.
I shit u not but I never learned any of this in school...
School is just to set your feet on the path of learning. You are only limited by your own limits. I saw a story on something that peaked my interest and would go find a book or two. Which led me to another spark and so on. I am 65 and still look up things that catch my eye. You never stop learning.
Depending on your age, there might have been a simple lack of information on this time period. Most of the sources used in this video are less than 10 years old. There's also the issue of priorities for a given curriculum. Teachers only get so much time to teach their material.
They just wanted to really make sure you know that Hitler was really bad and that you think that tribalism and borders are not modern, so that the political motives of the people who manage the curriculums can be brought on with the help of the children they indoctrinate.
That's because it is. History education is disappointingly weighed towards modern history, even in university its hard to find classes on ancient history outside of the archeology department.
This channel and the Fall of Civilizations channels are great those of us interested in anthropology. Thanks!
I'm just 2 minutes into this video and I already upvote.
I'm just in the ad and I up vote.
Yes! A very interesting topic! Your voice is amazing for these kinds of videos, thank you for your work!
These videos are honestly amazing and I hope you continue
Other people with a time machine: I'm your granddaughter
Me with a time machine: "put the hoe down and get back to hunting and gathering, I don't want to work in a a cubicle anymore."
There are communities right now you can go join and do just that. You just want to sound cool on the internet.
@@Carl_Brutananadilewski it's just a joke man
@@redtsun67 haha jokes on me you’re only pretending to be regarded
@@Carl_Brutananadilewski 😭😭😭
Loved this one. Sharing history is a passion of ours too!
Domestication means that earlier and later humans weren't on a level playing field, the biology of the environment around us got easier and easier to work with over time. I didn't appreciate that before.
Wait, there's only two ads in there? With this high quality? I must be in UA-cam heaven. I enjoyed this video so much, thank you!
I love how past astrologists were able to come up with theories about space that still hold up to this day!
Yeah but they also came up with some stuff that was entirely wrong
@@nathanielgardner8208 and?
Amazing. I live in Israel, i go to weekly lectures on archeology ( pre corona ) and I missed hearing about Ohalo 2. Thanks for filling me in
Congratulations for this meticulously researched archeological documentary about an extremely remote era, which is likely to remain largely mysterious, given the absence of precise data pertaining to the pre-pottery age. Particularly fascinating are the massive T shaped structures displaying images of numerous animals, without any indication of habitats and/or burials in their vicinity. It is beyond reasonable conjecture the reason behind their purpose, which required so much manpower, time and effort for their construction. Even more enigmatic, in my view, is the apparently deliberate entombment of the entire site after it was decided to fully abandon the area… Why?
probably something religious / proto-philosophical. At the end his explanation for the abandonment is that new religions arose around the new forms of living (different from nomadic hunting and gathering). Maybe later rulers decided to get rid of this old religion?
Thanks for your reply, Drumsgoon. At this point, all we can do is to conjecture about this bizarre issue, where any guess is probably as good as the next one. However, if you were to follow my point of view for a moment, taking into account the immense amount of physical, temporal and industrious resources required to build Gobekli Tepe, I can scarcely imagine that one day, "out of the blue," some leaders (for lack of a better term) of that primitive, hunter-gatherer society just "decided" to entomb that huge cryptic venture! Moreover, keeping in mind that it must also have taken a great deal of additional manpower, time and effort to bury the entire, huge area, I just cannot begin to imagine what could possibly have induced any group of Homo sapiens to pursue such an absurd path! Cheers!
@@Drumsgoon Thanks for your reply. At this point, all we can do is to conjecture about this bizarre issue, where any guess is probably as good as the next one. However, if you were to follow my point of view for a moment, taking into account the immense amount of physical, temporal and industrious resources required to build Gobekli Tepe, I can scarcely imagine that one day, "out of the blue," some leaders (for lack of a better term) of that primitive hunter-gatherer society just decided to entomb that huge cryptic venture! Moreover, keeping in mind that it must also have taken a great deal of additional manpower, time and effort to bury the entire, huge area, I just cannot begin to imagine what could possibly have induced any group of Homo sapiens to pursue such an absurd path!
So nice to see adults sharing theories and opinions with no attacks or hurt feelings! Thx!
If the timeline lines up, the careful entombment of sites like Gobekli tepe could be a direct consequence of the Younger Dryas event. The people wanted something to survive their end, and made preparations to ensure at least a small portion of their lives endured. The universal obsession with cosmology could be a result of destruction coming from the sky, whether by solar events or cosmic impacts. It seems every ancient culture was aware and deeply connected to the heavens, and if destruction came often enough, an almost racial memory of those events would be passed down. I believe humanity has evolved at least to something approaching the steam age at least once if not several times in the past, and only because of the relatively simple materials and long timescales involved are bits of evidence so scarce. We don't need "ancient aliens", humans are and have been extremely clever beings, more than capable of great achievements all on their own.
It's amazing how civilization exponentially grows bigger and faster.
crazy to think, anyone of us watching this video, could've easily been one of those early humans, living thousands of years ago. we just happen to exist today and now. quite trippy when you think about it.
Or we could have existed in the future
Yes!!! This is exactly what I was looking for, a video explaining early civilization, thank you!!!
Very much looking forward to the other episodes. Thoughtful, well-researched and engaging. Thank you!
I always want to say hi to you. You are such a beauty I pray to God to give you a lot of beautiful days and I hope God bless you to have a great day, I'm Williams by name from Arizona phonex and you where are you from...?
Wow. Another great video. Well worth the wait, and imo worth the hard work you put in. I especially loved the new art & images you've been able to add. A vast improvement in the overall impact of the subject. I continue to find it fascinating how much rituals, spirituality and mythology can impact society. Makes me even think of Terence McKenna's theory. (Tho I'm still not completely convinced of that).
I'm looking forward to the next 2 parts of this series. Great, great video!
It’s amazing to think that these civilisations emerged at around the same time, due to agriculture, is it possible that these early civilisations were actually in contact with each other somehow , through travelling people??
Look up the Silk Road.
@@jonathanorillo8721Silk road was waaaaaay later.
This is an exceptionally well made video. Please make more. I'd love more focus on Gobekli Tepe!
This has been great. I look forward to more to come and will definitely check out the rest of your videos.
I recall back in 6th Grade my teacher had us play a group game. Each group of 4-6 students were their own tribe of hunter gathers..over the course of 4 weeks we moved our tribe across a map through the seasons and overcame various issues and "researched" (I.e homework/class work) various things to improve our tribe.
Eventually we would all find a point in a mesopotamia esque region where we would settle and develop agriculture.
That's when we transitioned into learning of the earliest first cities and rise of early civilizations.
This age has returned to my again recently as I wish to do a DnD campaign in this setting at some point.
I’d play in that campaign, how are we rolling stats?
🤔
Loved it!!! Can't wait for next chapter. Dude this is netflix documentary level
Back in the day, it would've been history channel documentary level 😄
I wonder sometimes if we made a mistake turning away from our hunter gatherer roots
Ive never been so excited about the discovery of bronze
I don't see any reason why nomadic groups couldn't have had complex relationships.
Yes, he ignores the Togbeli Tepi was founded by hunters instead of farmers. And the existence of the North American Plains Nations.
@@NodDisciple1 Gobekli Tepe
Less technology, less division of labor, less productivity of labor
@@Zayden. Technology deskills. Also (to paraphrase from memory), "What do you expect from a person who has spent their life putting heads on pins?"
@@evanhadkins5532 yeah I mean they werent exactly working on machine assembly lines so I don’t think that even remotely applies here.
Can you imagine if the Egyptians knew we were gonna go to the moon...
They wood have Harakiry and demolish the Pire-Hamid
The Egyptians would have said a moon landing culture had alien assistance because a Saturn V is clearly too massive to have been built by 400,000 workers.😂
And then fart around on the moon for a few years and then went home.
@@IvorMektin1701 hahaha right
@@IvorMektin1701 I am sure that's what any civilization after us will actually think about us (if humanity still exists until then). "There is no way they built the Eiffel Tower with their primitive technology - it must have been aliens!!" Hell, there are probably some delusional people right now who think this, since some honestly believe that everyone but themselves are aliens anyway…
This is some BBC/History Channel professional content!!!! love it!!!
this is truly masterful, thanks for making it and sharing!
This is better presented and more informative than any history classes I had in school or university.
Perfect, I needed something to do for an hour!
Beats the hell out of watching TV.
@@smc64130 I did actually watch it on TV.📺
That's summarises the humanity for now...